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For Developers for Developers Daniel Moth Developer and Platform Group Microsoft http://www.danielmoth.com/Blog AGENDA Top 7 Ways To “Light Up” Your Apps on Windows Server 2008 Part 1 emphasis on IIS7, PowerShell Part 2 emphasis on WER, Restart and Recovery APIs, TxF 1. Build More Flexible Web Apps 2. Design Highly-Manageable Apps 3. Develop Federation-Aware Apps 4. Build Connected Systems The Top 7 Ways… Part 2 1. Build More Flexible Web Applications 2. Design Highly-Manageable Applications 3. Develop Federation-Aware Applications 4. Build Connected Systems 5. Build For Scalability 6. Develop More Reliable Applications 7. Virtualize 5. Build For Scalability Native Threading Enhancements in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 Thread Pools One-Time Initialization Slim Reader/Writer Lock Condition Variables Thread Ordering Service Wait Chain Traversal Thread Pool in Vista and Server 2008 Re-architected Thread Pool Simpler, more reliable, higher performance Does not use a timer thread Single queue Dedicated persistent thread Clean-up groups Single worker thread type (both I/O and non-I/O) Multiple pools per process More flexible API Feature Original API Current API CloseThreadpoolWait RegisterWaitForSingleObject CreateThreadpoolWait Synch UnregisterWaitEx SetThreadpoolWait WaitForThreadpoolWaitCallbacks CloseThreadpoolWork CreateThreadpoolWork QueueUserWorkItem SubmitThreadpoolWork Work TrySubmitThreadpoolCallback WaitForThreadpoolWorkCallbacks CreateTimerQueue CloseThreadpoolTimer CreateTimerQueueTimer CreateThreadpoolTimer ChangeTimerQueueTimer IsThreadpoolTimerSet Timer DeleteTimerQueueTimer SetThreadpoolTimer DeleteTimerQueueEx WaitForThreadpoolTimerCallbacks CancelThreadpoolIo CloseThreadpoolIo BindIoCompletionCallback CreateThreadpoolIo I/O StartThreadpoolIo WaitForThreadpoolIoCallbacks CloseThreadpoolCleanupGroup CloseThreadpoolCleanupGroupMembers Clean-up group CreateThreadpoolCleanupGroup CloseThreadpool CreateThreadpool Pool SetThreadpoolThreadMaximum SetThreadpoolThreadMinimum DestroyThreadpoolEnvironment InitializeThreadpoolEnvironment SetThreadpoolCallbackCleanupGroup Callback environment SetThreadpoolCallbackLibrary SetThreadpoolCallbackPool SetThreadpoolCallbackRunsLong Callback CallbackMayRunLong DisassociateCurrentThreadFromCallback FreeLibraryWhenCallbackReturns LeaveCriticalSectionWhenCallbackReturns Callback clean up ReleaseMutexWhenCallbackReturns ReleaseSemaphoreWhenCallbackReturns SetEventWhenCallbackReturns One-Time Initialization Interlocked functions ensure that only one thread performs the initialization One-time initialization is better Optimized for speed Appropriate barriers are created on processor architectures that require them Support for both locked and parallel initialization No internal locking so the code can operate asynchronously or synchronously One Time Init Steps BOOL WINAPI InitOnceBeginInitialize( __inout LPINIT_ONCE lpInitOnce, __in DWORD dwFlags, __out PBOOL fPending, __out LPVOID* lpContext ); BOOL WINAPI InitOnceExecuteOnce( __inout PINIT_ONCE InitOnce, __in PINIT_ONCE_FN InitFn, __inout_opt PVOID Parameter, __out LPVOID* Context ); BOOL WINAPI InitOnceComplete( __inout LPINIT_ONCE lpInitOnce, __in DWORD dwFlags, __in LPVOID lpContext ); BOOL CALLBACK InitOnceCallback( __inout PINIT_ONCE InitOnce, __inout_opt PVOID Parameter, __out_opt PVOID* Context ); Slim Reader/Writer Lock SRW locks – new synchronization primitive enable threads to access shared resources optimized for speed take very little memory built on top of windows kernel keyed events Two modes Shared mode – grants shared read-only access to multiple reader threads Exclusive mode – grants read/write access to one writer thread at a time SRW Lock APIs VOID WINAPI InitializeSRWLock( __out PSRWLOCK SRWLock ); VOID WINAPI AcquireSRWLockExclusive( __inout PSRWLOCK SRWLock ); VOID WINAPI ReleaseSRWLockExclusive( __inout PSRWLOCK SRWLock ); VOID WINAPI AcquireSRWLockShared( __inout PSRWLOCK SRWLock ); VOID WINAPI ReleaseSRWLockShared( __inout PSRWLOCK SRWLock ); Condition Variables Used to synchronize a group of threads based on the result of some conditional test Enable threads to atomically release a lock and enter the sleeping state Benefits Much clearer and less error-prone Can be more efficient – Tries to avoid trips to kernel mode (unlike WaitForSingleObject) Condition Variable APIs VOID WINAPI InitializeConditionVariable( __out PCONDITION_VARIABLE ConditionVariable ); BOOL WINAPI SleepConditionVariableCS( __inout PCONDITION_VARIABLE ConditionVariable, __inout PCRITICAL_SECTION CriticalSection, __in DWORD dwMilliseconds ); BOOL WINAPI SleepConditionVariableSRW( __inout PCONDITION_VARIABLE ConditionVariable, __inout PSRWLOCK SRWLock, __in DWORD dwMilliseconds, __in ULONG Flags ); VOID WINAPI WakeConditionVariable( __inout PCONDITION_VARIABLE ConditionVariable ); VOID WINAPI WakeAllConditionVariable( __inout PCONDITION_VARIABLE ConditionVariable ); Thread Ordering Service (TOS) TOS controls the execution of client threads Ensures that they run once and in order 5 APIs – AvRtXxxxThreadOrderingGroup parent thread calls Create to set up the TOS client threads call Join to join the TOS all of them call Wait, run their code and Wait ...client threads call Leave when they are done parent thread calls Delete to end it all TOS APIs - avrt.h BOOL WINAPI AvRtCreateThreadOrderingGroup( __out PHANDLE Context, __in PLARGE_INTEGER Period, __inout GUID* ThreadOrderingGuid, __in_opt PLARGE_INTEGER Timeout ); BOOL WINAPI AvRtJoinThreadOrderingGroup( __out PHANDLE Context, __in GUID* ThreadOrderingGuid, __in BOOL Before ); BOOL WINAPI AvRtWaitOnThreadOrderingGroup( __in HANDLE Context ); BOOL WINAPI AvRtLeaveThreadOrderingGroup( __in HANDLE Context ); BOOL WINAPI AvRtDeleteThreadOrderingGroup( __in HANDLE Context ); Wait Chain Traversal (WCT) Enables debuggers to diagnose application hangs and deadlocks “Wait chain is an alternating sequence of threads and synchronization objects; each thread waits for the object that follows it, which is owned by the subsequent thread in the chain” WCT supports the following ALPC, COM, Critical sections, Mutexes, SendMessage WCT APIs in Wct.h HWCT WINAPI OpenThreadWaitChainSession( __in DWORD Flags, __in_opt PWAITCHAINCALLBACK callback ); BOOL WINAPI GetThreadWaitChain( __in HWCT WctHandle, __in_opt DWORD_PTR Context, __in DWORD Flags, __in DWORD ThreadId, __inout LPDWORD NodeCount, __out PWAITCHAIN_NODE_INFO NodeInfoArray, __out LPBOOL IsCycle ); VOID WINAPI CloseThreadWaitChainSession( __in HWCT WctHandle ); VOID CALLBACK WaitChainCallback( HWCT WctHandle, DWORD_PTR Context, DWORD CallbackStatus, LPDWORD NodeCount, PWAITCHAIN_NODE_INFO NodeInfoArray, LPBOOL IsCycle ); typedef struct _WAITCHAIN_NODE_INFO { <SNIP> Native Threading Enhancements in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 Thread Pools One-Time Initialization Slim Reader/Writer Lock Condition Variables Thread Ordering Service Wait Chain Traversal MSDN Magazine: Oct07, Jun07, Jul07 6. Develop More Reliable Apps Windows Error Reporting & winqual New User Experience In addition to crashes, hangs are also detected Privacy evaluation, Queuing and transport Problem Reports and Solutions Response management New Public APIs Adding additional file and memory data to a report (inc. minidump & heap information) Create reports for custom events WER, Restart, Recovery Restart API Register to be restarted after fatal problems Registration also used for Restart Manager – Restarts process after patch installation All applications should support restart – Especially if support document recovery How it works Register command-line that should be called every execution – HRESULT RegisterApplicationRestart (IN PCWSTR pwzCommandline, DWORD dwFlags) After fatal event is reported, app is restarted – Fatal events block user tasks – Automatically restarting saves users from having to re-open the application Recovery APIs Attempt to recover data after a fatal event Users should not lose any work to an app bug How it works 1. App registers a “recovery callback” every execution HRESULT RegisterApplicationRecoveryCallback (IN RECOVERY_ROUTINE RecoveryRoutine, IN PVOID pvParameter) 2. Recovery routine called after data collection – Application’s code attempts to recover user work – Flush to disk, repair on next run of application – Repair data in memory, save to disk – Need to call RecoveryInProgress() every 5 seconds to heartbeat – Call RecoveryFinished() to signal recovery is completed Restart Manager Overview With the Restart Manager technology installers can Automatically shutdown only the applications and services holding a file to be updated When available, leverage specific application functionality to restore the user to the state they were in before the restart When a reboot cannot be avoided, automatically re-launch apps after reboot Windows Installer (MSI) Key Microsoft Office 2007 Applications • Fewer reboots when using the Windows • Automatically restart after a reboot due Add/Remove Programs feature to an installation or update • Developers can reduce reboots for • Recreate application state upon restart installations and updates by using the Windows Installer v4.0 Restart Manager Restart Manager, Call to Action Installer software call the Restart Manager APIs Applications and Services Restart Manager "aware” Transactional NTFS Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 Does what it says on the tin System.Transactions.dll + PInvoke Transactional Platform Kernel Transaction Manager (KTM) Makes transactions available as kernel objects Provides transaction management services
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