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LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM in Mauritius MAURITIUS SUMMARY Mauritius Is a Constitutional Republic with Three Tiers of Government: Central, Local and Village

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM in Mauritius MAURITIUS SUMMARY Mauritius Is a Constitutional Republic with Three Tiers of Government: Central, Local and Village COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN mauritius MAURITIUS SUMMARY Mauritius is a constitutional republic with three tiers of government: central, local and village. There is no constitutional provision for local government other than the Rodrigues Regional Assembly. Local government in Mauritius is governed by the Local Government Act 2011 (Act No. 36 of 2011). The Ministry of Local Government and Outer Islands (MLGOI) is responsible for overseeing local authorities. Local government in Mauritius has two tiers. The first tier comprises urban councils, known as municipalities, and rural authorities (called district councils), while the second tier relates only to those district councils which oversee village councils. Following the 2012 elections, 25.4% of village councillors were women and during the 2016/17 financial year, local government expenditure was 3% of total government expenditure. Municipal and district councils are empowered to raise revenues via various fees, but the main source of local government income is the national government grant. Municipal and district councils have the following statutory duties: roads, environment and public sanitation, culture, leisure and sport and education. Village councils are not responsible for roads but otherwise overlap in several areas of service delivery. 1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT 3. STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT Mauritius is a constitutional republic with 3.1 Local government within the state a unicameral parliamentary system.25.1a Local government on the island of The head of state is the president, who Mauritius is divided into urban and rural is indirectly elected by parliament authorities. In the urban areas there are for a five-year term. The parliament four municipal councils, and one city KEY FACTS of Mauritius, known as the National council: the capital, Port Louis. In the Assembly (Assemblée Nationale), has 70 rural areas there is currently a two-tier POPULATION (2016 estimate): members directly elected for a five-year system of seven district councils and 130 1,263,820 term by universal adult suffrage. Members village councils. The island of Rodrigues are elected from 20 three-member has a regional assembly. Municipal AREA (Stats Maurituis 2016): constituencies on the island of Mauritius and district councils have the same 1,868.4 sq km and one two-member constituency responsibilities but different revenue- CAPITAL: on the island of Rodrigues under the raising powers. Village councils have a Port Louis first-past-the-post system. Eight further limited range of functions. In contrast, assembly seats are apportioned to the the regional assembly of Rodrigues has CURRENCY: ‘best losers’. Following the 2014 national extensive local responsibilities. Mauritian rupee (MUR) election, 11.6% of members of the 25.1b HEAD OF STATE: national assembly were women. Acting President Barlen Vyapoory 3.2 Ministerial oversight The Ministry of Local Government and HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: 2. LEGAL BASIS FOR Outer Islands25.3c (MLGOI) is responsible for Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth LOCAL GOVERNMENT overseeing local authorities. The minister 2.1 Constitutional provisions FORM OF GOVERNMENT: is responsible for issuing guidelines parliamentary republic There is no constitutional provision to local authorities for the smooth for local government; however, the running of council matters, as well as for PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM: Rodrigues Regional Assembly is seeking input from local authorities to unicameral enshrined in the constitution.25.2a parliamentary matters and informing STATE STRUCTURE: local authorities of the policy decisions unitary 2.2 Main legislative texts of government. The minister is also LANGUAGES: Local government in Mauritius is responsible for allocating ‘grant in aid’ and other funds for capital projects and for English (official); Mauritian Creole, legislated by the Local Government French, Bhojpuri (recognised) Act 201125.2b (Act No. 36 of 2011). Local approving the finances of councils, and administration in Rodrigues is governed has the authority to approve an exemption NATIONAL ELECTIONS: by the Rodrigues Regional Assembly Act from paying rates on the grounds of last: Dec 2014, turnout: 74.4%; next: 2020 25.2c poverty. The permanent secretary is the 2001. responsible officer for all chief executives WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT (2014): 11.6% of local authorities. Overall responsibility for 2.3 Proposed legislative changes Rodrigues administration falls within the LOCAL ELECTIONS: No known proposed legislative changes. remit of the prime minister’s office. municipalities: last: 2015, turnout: 35.6%; next: 2021 2.4 National urban policy 3.3 Council types villages: There is no national urban policy; Local authorities in Mauritius currently last: 2012, turnout: 50.5%; next: 2018 however in 2015 the government consist of four municipal councils for undertook a review of the urban urban areas plus one city council and WOMEN VILLAGE COUNCILLORS: and housing policy and regulatory seven district councils for rural areas, the 25.4% (2012) framework. latter of which oversee a second tier of LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE 130 village councils. as a percentage of total government expenditure 2016/17: 3.0% www.clgf.org.uk/mauritius 135 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN mauritius COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 Table 25.1a Distribution of councils and population 4.2 Voting system Region District Municipal Asse- Villages Population Population % rural The Local Government Act 2011 council council mbly (2011 Census) (2016 est.) (2010) provides for the holding of municipal council and village council elections Port Louis 0 (city) 1 0 0 118,431 na 0 every six years. District councillors are elected indirectly by secret ballot Plaines Wilhems 0 4 0 2 362,292 na 1.6 from members of village councils. Pamplemousses 1 0 0 17 136,268 na 100 Each village council is represented at its respective district council by one Rivière du Rempart 1 0 0 19 106,267 na 100 or two representatives elected from its councillors, depending on the Flacq 1 0 0 25 135,406 na 100 population of the village. Moka 1 0 0 17 82,301 na 98.4 4.3 Elected representatives Black River 1 0 0 13 76,605 na 69.8 Local government councillors are elected for a six-year term. Members of Grand Port 1 0 0 23 110,907 na 100 the national assembly cannot stand for office in the regional assembly or local Savanne 1 0 0 15 67,906 na 100 elections. On the island of Mauritius, Rodrigues Island 0 0 1 0 40,434 42,396 100 all elections for municipal and village councils are conducted via the first-past- Total 7 5 1 130 1,236,817 1,263,820 59.6 the-post system. Mayors in municipal councils and chairs of district and village 25.3a 25.3b Source: 2011 Census and population estimates councils are elected once every six Note: Village councils are not sub-divisions of districts. A village whose area falls within more than years by members of their respective one district has been listed within the district which includes the largest proportion of its area. councils. There is a ward system for 3.3.1 Municipal councils by law 3.3.4 The Rodrigues Regional Assembly municipal councils, with wards returning must hold monthly meetings for the comprises 18 members who are three councillors. Village councils are transaction of general business. There directly elected; 12 representing grouped into divisions to elect district are executive committees to look after constituencies and elected by the councillors by secret ballot from among permits and procurement. Municipal first-past-the-post system, and six their number. Municipal and district councils are also empowered to appoint elected by proportional representation. councils have the following numbers of three standing committees with no The assembly is required to appoint councillors: Port Louis 32, Beau Bassin/ delegated powers, namely public health, four standing committees: finance; Rose Hill 24, Quatre Bornes 20, Curepipe public infrastructure and welfare. Each public health and environment; works, 20, Vacoas/Phoenix 24, Pamplemousses standing committee shall meet no more planning and development; and 21, Rivière du Rempart 22, Moka 17, Flacq than once a month. Mayors are indirectly welfare, sports, culture and leisure. 26, Grand Port 28, Savanne 19 and Black elected every two years by each city and There is full discretion to establish River 14. District councils are represented municipal council. Municipal council other committees. A non-executive on each of their subsidiary village councils activities are organised under seven president, who does not have to be a by district councillors, and village councils departments: town clerk, treasury, works, member of the assembly, is indirectly consist of nine elected members each. planning, welfare, health and library. elected by assembly members by Where the number of elected councillors Port Louis and Curepipe also have a majority vote for a term of five years. falls below nine, nominations are made department for parks and gardens. Members of the assembly elect from from a reserve list submitted by groups at among their number by majority vote the time of the elections. 3.3.2 District councils also hold the chief commissioner, a full-time appointment, also for a five-year term. On Rodrigues the regional assembly monthly meetings for the transaction has 18 members, 12 of whom are local of general business. There are executive The executive body of the assembly is the executive council, comprising the regional members: two from each of the committees to look after permits and six local regions, and the remaining six procurement. District councils are chief commissioner, the deputy chief commissioner, and not more than island-wide members returned under also empowered to appoint three proportional representation. To qualify standing committees with no delegated five other members appointed by the president on the advice of the chief for an island-wide seat, political parties powers, namely public health, public must secure a minimum of 10% of votes.
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