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Home , Coronation, Coronation Day, Crown Jewels, Gold State Coach, Imperial crown, Imperial State Crown

THE JUBILEE PACK

Compiled by Rachel Mackriell, Caroline Kimber and Catherine Butcher

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 1

CONTENTS

1. Activities and ideas page 3

2. Background page 4

3. page 6

4. Coronation symbolism page 7

5. Jewels and Coronation page 8

6. The Invitation to the Coronation page 11

7. Music Used at the Coronation page 12

8. The Coronation Service page 13

9. Additional information page 16

10. School work sheet ideas page 17

11. Youth event outline page 19

OHP masters pages 21 and 22

12. Assembly ideas page 23

13. Junior Christian Union – week 1 page 25

14. Junior Christian Union – week 2 page 26

15. Resources and sources page 27

16. Coronation Cookie recipe page 28

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 2

Activities / Ideas

This pack gives you an insight into the Coronation, drawing out its Christian symbolism.

The information will be of use to all those who need background information to write talks, sermons and assemblies linked to the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee.

It has been written with young people in mind, but could be used with people of any age. Use the ideas on this page to introduce the topic of the Diamond Jubilee to your group.

 Visit local library to research topic

 Use craft techniques to make symbols i.e. papier-mâché orb; tin crown

 Use a to illustrate teaching.

 Acquire footage of the Coronation

 Listen to some of the music used i.e. Handel’s ‘Zadok the ’.

 Show the video ‘The Madness of George’.

 Interview a person who experienced the events surrounding the Coronation.

 Ask older generations to view Coronation souvenirs.

 Use role-play i.e. crowning, , robeing.

 Drape area with appropriate coloured fabric.

 Visit Jewels.

 Make Coronation Cookies

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 3

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 4

Background

Coronations

This solemn and beautiful ceremony has deep meaning. In discovering its full meaning, remember that behind the things that are seen and which will pass away are the things that are unseen and eternal.

The Coronation is sometimes called ‘the Hallowing’ – a word which means to make holy or to consecrate. The Sovereign’s office is both sacred and civil and so the Coronation is an act of dedication and consecration. Coronation is the placing of a crown on the head of a new and has its origin in Saxon times. The anointing is said to be the real pivot of the whole coronation of which the Crowning is the culmination.

In the 937 years since 1066, when was crowned, until today there have only been 37 in . Queen Elizabeth II is the 38 th English Sovereign to be crowned in Westminster .

King Egbert of Wessex, in 838, was the first monarch to be consecrated by an Archbishop. From this time onwards all monarchs were consecrated by the Church as represented by the Archbishop.

The Coronation service has changed little since the coronation of King Edgar in 973. It has four parts; Recognition, the Oath, the and the Homage.

The pagan rites of initiation were transformed by anointing and the oath , requiring the monarch to maintain the Christian faith and govern justly. It is far less a spectacle than a profound religious rite of dedication to service.

The Queen

Queen Elizabeth II was born her royal highness, Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on 21 st April 1926, just eight years after the end of World War 1. Elizabeth is King ’s granddaughter. He died on 20 th January, 1936. Her uncle Edward VIII was next in line to the , but he abdicated later that year, on 11 th December, to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorcee. Elizabeth’s father became King George VI and was crowned in 1937.

In 1947 Princess Elizabeth married Philip, Philip Mountbatten, Prince of Greece, in . Prince Charles was born in 1948 and Princess Anne in1950.

In September 1951 the king was found to have cancer. George VI died on February 6 th 1952. Although at the instant of her father’s death, Princess Elizabeth became Queen, it took another fifteen months to arrange the actual Coronation.

The Queen is the servant of the people. One of her titles is Defender of the Faith. “ For ,” said the Queen, “the teachings of Christ and my own personal accountability before God provide a framework in which I try to lead my life.” (Queen and Country BBC1 08.05.02)

She was crowned as Queen of , states of Canada and Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and nearly 50 other lands.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 5

Queen Elizabeth’s family tree

House of Normandy William I; William II; Henry I; Stephen; Henry II; House of Anjou Richard I; John; Henry III; Edward I; Edward II; Edward III; Richard II; House of Lancaster Henry IV; Henry V; Henry VI; House of York Edward IV; Richard III; House of Tudor Henry VII; Henry VIII; Edward VI; Mary; ; James I; Charles I; Charles II; James II; William III and Mary II; George I; George II; George III; George IV; ; House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Edward VII; House of Windsor George V; Edward VIII; George VI; Elizabeth II

The Queen’s mother was born Elizabeth Bowes Lyon. After George VI died she became known as Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.

Westminster Abbey

The Coronation was held at 11.00am on Tuesday 2 nd June 1953 in The Abbey Church of Westminster, commonly known as Westminster Abbey.

The English coronation ceremony, which dates back to the 8 th Century, has taken place here for the past 900 years, with the exception of the coronations of Edward V and Edward VIII.

The Abbey was founded by in 1050 and much of the Coronation regalia bears his name. Before then, there was no fixed location for Coronations. Several monarchs were crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames. William the Conqueror was known to have been crowned in the Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. English replaced as the main language in the coronation following Elizabeth I and from 1689 onwards the coronation service has been set within a service of Holy Communion.

In 1296 Edward I captured the and brought it to the Abbey. On this Scottish are said to have been crowned for centuries. It was restored to in 1996.

The Queen’s coronation in 1953 was the first televised Coronation service.

Historical and Social

Imagine what it was like in 1953 when the Queen was crowned: Butter and sugar had been rationed in 1940 and Britain was celebrating the end of sweet rationing. T.V. commonly had a 9 inch screen and was a novelty. Many listened to the Coronation on a big brown Bakelite Philips wireless / radiogram. Vinyl furniture was new and only rich households had both a washing machine and fridge. 1948 saw the setting up of the National Health Service. In 1951, the Festival of Britain took place on the South Bank of the Thames and was visited by an estimated eight million people. Queen Mary, widow of George V, dies, aged 85. April 25 th , discovery of DNA. Everest, at 29,028 feet, was conquered by New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tensing Norkay from Nepal on 29 th May 1953 – Colonel John Hunt’s expedition. The Ford Popular on the road taxed, cost £390. May 6th 1954 Roger Bannister becomes first man to break the four minute mile. In July 1954 Boeing 707 made its maiden flight. In the six months before the Coronation, 4,000 people died from smog pollution and there was flooding in Essex and Kent. A new robe trimmed with ermine would cost more than £300. To record

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 6 events, 30 Pathe news camera men were employed. The largest zoom and telephoto lense costing more than a £1000 was used.

Coronation Day

The Queen’s Coronation took fifteen months to prepare, but there was still much done on the actual day, for example the holy oil for anointing was prepared on Coronation morning and placed in the Abbey in readiness.

The seven thousand invited guests plus musicians, choir and all those taking part had to be in their places by 7am even though the service did not begin until 11am.

Television cameras were present for the first time and an estimated 25 million saw the monarch crowned on black and white television.

Peers of the realm sat on raised tiered seats in the transept, which were especially constructed for the event. Each peer had a which rested on a cushion of velvet, tassled ermine. During the long wait these came in useful for keeping sandwiches in, as the court dress did not have pockets!! Also carefully concealed in the Abbey were toilets! Peeresses sat in the north transept.

The route to the Abbey taken by the Queen and Prince Philip in the gold State Coach was from , along The Mall, through Admiralty Arch, along Northumberland Ave, along the Victoria Embankment, past the Houses of and in to Westminster Abbey.

On the Queen’s return to the palace, 29 bands played and 13,000 soldiers marched along the seven mile route. This went along Whitehall, , St. James’ St., Piccadilly, (Hyde Park Corner, Hyde Park), East Carriage Drive, Marble Arch, Oxford Street, Regent St., Haymarket, The Mall and back to Buckingham Palace.

Quotes

John Snagge (voice of the Boat-race) who commentated for radio inside the Abbey said, “Although our preparation was intense, the one thing the rehearsals had not prepared us for was the emotion of the ceremony, especially the entry of the Queen and her procession. I was overwhelmed”.

Prime Minister, Churchill, “ We have had a day which the oldest of us are proud to have lived to see, and the youngest will remember all their lives”.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 7

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 8

Coronation Symbolism

COLOURS Colours communicate truth.

Red / Scarlet / Crimson Danger, anger, blood, suffering, sacrifice, sin.

White Moral purity, righteousness, holiness, cleanliness, weddings, light.

Purple Royalty, Kingship, wealth and prosperity.

Gold Kingship, glory,

SYMBOLS

Here is a list of just a few key symbols, but the whole Coronation is full of symbolic and spiritual significance.

Crown Kingship, rulership

Dove Gentleness, Holy Spirit

Sword Word of God; war; judgement; justice; authority; significant in mythology.

Rod / / Staff Authority

Robe Covering

Right hand, anointing, kneeling.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 9

Crown Jewels and Coronation Regalia

The regalia for the Coronation Service was brought to the Abbey from the Tower of and handed over by the Keeper of the Jewels, to the Dean. Appointed officers then carried them in, in the following order: St Edwards Staff, then the Spurs, the Sword of State, the Orb, the Sceptre and King Edward’s Crown.

Swords

At a Coronation three are carried un-sheathed, point upwards. They are the Sword of Mercy (the ), the Sword of Spiritual Justice and the Sword of Temporal Justice, they were all probably made for Charles 1.

Sword of Mercy (the Curtana) The blunt end – blade broken 6 inches from the bottom, is to symbolise mercy. It is associated with the legend of Ogier the Dane who, in revenge for the murder of his son, was about to strike down the son of the , when an and struck his sword aside, breaking the end of it and saying ‘Mercy is better then revenge’.

Sword of Spiritual Justice ‘Running wolf’mark on blade. This sword also has a blunt end.

Sword of Temporal Justice ‘Running wolf’ mark on blade

The above two swords signify the Sovereign’s relationship to the clergy and laity.

Sword of State A two handed steel blade with a wooden, velvet-covered scabbard decorated with silver-gilt motifs including the fleur-de-lys, harp, , , portcullis and royal arms of William III. Its -piece has a lion on the one hand and a on the other. This sword is also used at the state opening of Parliament.

Jewelled Sword of Offering This is used in part of the ceremony as the Great Sword of State is too heavy and cumbersome. It has a Gold-covered leather scabbard, a Damascus steel blade and is studded with 3476 precious stones.

Biblically, the sword is a picture of the word of God but it is also an instrument of war and judgement. During the ceremony the Queen is given this sword in her right hand and the Archbishop says, ‘ With this sword, do justice, stop the growth of iniquity, protect the Church, help and defend widows and orphans, restore the things that are gone to decay….’

Ampulla and Spoon Ampulla

A gold eagle: its head screws into its body and the oil is poured through a small hole in the beak. It is 8.1 inches (20.7cms) high and weighs 21.2oz (0.66kg). It contains the consecrated oil used for anointing.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 10

Spoon This silver, heavily gilt spoon is set with four pearls. A ridge divides the bowl, into which the Archbishop dips two fingers during the rite. It has been used at coronations since the 12 th century and is the oldest piece of the regalia.

Robes

The Queen’s attire changes a number of times during her Coronation. She processes in with a crimson robe which she takes off before the anointing to leave a plain white dress. During the Investiture she receives the white linen Colobium Sindonis and the gold Supertunica, , stole and girdle. On leaving the Abbey, the Queen is arrayed in the purple robe of State.

Supertunica The gold thread is made of 90% silver and 2.5% gold. The Supertunica together with the mantle weigh 23Ibs (10 kg.) and is similar to a bishop’s vestments.

Armills These are bracelets of sincerity and wisdom and were made especially for the Queen at her Coronation in 22 gold with Tudor rose clasps and crimson velvet lining.

The Spurs The ceremonial gold spurs of St George are emblems of Knighthood and Chivalry. The Queen is seen as a Knight defending her Kingdom.

Trumpets These are used at the Coronation and all occasions of state and are made of solid silver. From each hangs a small banner bearing the royal arms.

The Sovereign’s Orb This hollow sphere of gold measures 6.5 inches (16.5cm) in diameter and weighs 42oz 7dwt (1.32Kg). It is set with over 600 precious stones and pearls and symbolises the rule of Christ over the earth.

The Coronation Set with a , crossed by the Cross of St. George in small , it is a seal of faith and signifies the marriage of the monarch to the people.

The Sovereign’s Sceptre with Cross (Rod of Equity and Mercy) The sceptre is gold set with 393 including Cullinan I, the world’s largest top quality cut diamond which weighs over 530 carats. In 1910, the sceptre was partly re-made to receive Cullinan 1 for Edward VII Coronation. The top is made of one orb of amethyst. It is symbolic of kingly power and justice which is under the cross.

The Sovereign’s Sceptre with Dove (or Rod of Equity and Mercy) The sceptre is an emblem of mercy, symbolising the Sovereigns spiritual role. A white enamelled dove with outstretched wings and eyes, beak and feet made of gold rests on a gold orb with a cross on it.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 11

Crowns St Edward’s Crown This is the official crown of England used for the actual crowning. It is very heavy.

The solid gold frame is adorned with 444 semi-precious stones; diamonds, rubies, , and pearls, with an orb surmounted by a cross on the summit of the arches. It weighs 71oz 14dwt (2.04kg)

Inside the crown is a of velvet, turned up with ermine.

The crown is supposed to be a copy of one belonging to Edward the Confessor and Alfred the Great. The present one was made for Charles II in 1661.

The Imperial This was made for Queen Victoria’s coronation in 1838. It consists of a of openwork silver, 2,868 diamonds, 17 sapphires, 11 emeralds, 5 rubies, 273 pearls. It measures 12.4 inches (31.5 cms) high and weighs 32oz 7dwt (0.91Kg). It is more valuable than St Edwards Crown.

A Maltese Cross at the top has within St Edward’s Sapphire. Hanging beneath the point where the four arches meet are four large pear-shaped pearls. These are said to have been originally worn by Queen Elizabeth 1. In the cross at the front is the ‘Black Prince’s ’ a balas or , a semi-precious stone. The is at the back of the crown weighing 104 carats. The crown also includes Cullinan II, the second star of Africa, which weighs 317 carats and is the world’s second largest top quality cut diamond.

The crown is initially put on the altar in St Edward’s Chapel and is worn by the Queen as she leaves the Abbey. It is then worn on all occasions of state during her .

Crown of Queen Elizabeth This is not used in the Coronation service but was worn by the Queen Mother. It was made for her to wear at the Coronation of her husband George VI, because she was his consort. (This was put on the Queen Mother’s coffin as she lay in state and was on the gun carriage during the funeral). It is set with the famous Koh-i-nor diamond.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 12

Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

BY COMMAND OF THE QUEEN

the Marshall is directed to invite

------

to be present at the Abbey Church of Westminster on the 2 nd day of June 1953

(printed signature) NORFOLK. Earl Marshall

Above are the actual words for those 7,000 people invited to be in Westminster Abbey for the Queen’s Coronation.

The invitation was printed in dark blue with a border containing the royal arms, lion and unicorn at the top, swags of roses and , and a trophy of crown, orb, sceptre and other regalia at the bottom.

It measured 24cms by 19cms

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 13

Music used at the Coronation

Trumpet Tune Purcell Anthem – I was Glad Parry (Psalm 122 v 1-3, 6,7) Behold, O God our defender Howells Let my prayer come up Harris Creed Vaughan Williams Hymn – Come, Holy Ghost arr. Bullock Zadok the Priest Handel (1 Kings 1 v 39, 40) Be strong and of good courage Dyson Rejoice in the Lord Always anon O Lord our Governor Willian Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace S.S. Wesley Hymn All people that on earth do dwell arr. Vaughan Williams Sanctus Vaughan Williams O taste and see Vaughan Williams (Psalm 34 v 8) Gloria Stanford Threefold Amen Gibbons Hymn Te Deum Walton National Anthem arr.

Music associated with the Coronation

Crown Imperial Walton Orb & Sceptre Walton

Scriptures used in Service

1 Peter 2 v 13 Psalm 141 v 2 Matthew 22 v 15 Communion – Matthew 11 v 28, John 3 v 16, 1 Timothy 1 v 15, 1 John 2 v 1

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 14

The Coronation Service

The Queen was brought to the abbey with Prince Philip in the State Coach drawn by eight Windsor Greys. About 30,000 service men had lined the streets (and 15,000 police).

Preceded by the bearers of the Coronation regalia, the Queen walked into the Abbey wearing a diamond and parliamentary scarlet velvet robe trimmed with gold lace and ermine and she carried a bunch of lily of the valley. The Bishop of Durham accompanied her on her right and the Bishop of Bath and Wells on her left. This has been done since 1189.

They escorted her to her chair of state. The Queen was received with the anthem from Psalm 122 v1-3, 6, 7 – I was glad when they said unto me, we will go into the house of the Lord…. About 260 people took part in this procession, including 40 pages.

As she reached the choir, the Queen’s Scholars of Westminster School shouted ‘ Vivat Regina Elizabetha! Vivat! Vivat! Vivat’! This was the only Latin remaining in the service. The Coronation regalia had been placed on the altar, signifying that they were set apart for God’s use.

The coronation ceremony comprises of various stages: the recognition, the oath, the anointing, the investiture, the and the homage.

The Recognition The Recognition is the formal recognition of the right of the Sovereign to rule. The coronation ceremony begins with this. The Queen is presented to each side of the congregation by the archbishop, who asks them if they will do her homage and service. They shout back ‘God save Queen Elizabeth’ – the people have approved their Queen. Then trumpets sound and the Sovereign is seated in the Chair of State.

The Oath In the Oath the Queen swears to govern her peoples according to their respective laws and customs, and to preserve true .

The Archbishop of Canterbury, (Dr Geoffrey Fisher) administers the Coronation Oath asking the Queen whether she will lawfully govern and maintain the protestant religion, saying ‘Madam, is your Majesty willing to take the Oath’? The Queen answers ‘I am willing’. She then signs The Oath. At this point the head of the presented the Holy Bible. She kneeled and laying her hand on the Bible opened at John Chapter 1 said, ‘The things which I have here before promised, I will perform and keep. So help me God’. She then kissed the book.

On returning to her chair, the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland presented a Bible to her saying ‘This is the most valuable thing that this world affords. Here is wisdom; this is the royal law; these are the lively oracles of God’.

The Coronation now proceeds within the context of a Communion Service. Introit Psalm 84 v9, 10; the Confession; 1 Peter 2v13; Psalm 141 v 2; Matthew 22 v 15; the Creed.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 15

The Anointing The Anointing with holy oil is a by which the Queen is consecrated to be God’s ‘anointed servant’. Only then can she receive the ‘emblems of majesty’. It is the spiritual climax of the coronation. As the Queen kneels, the hymn ‘Come Holy Ghost our souls inspire’ is sung. After this, the anthem, Zadok the Priest is then sung. This is a direct quote from 1 Kings 1 v 39-40 which describes Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anointing . (In the film The Madness of King George, you can hear this several times, notably when he is being restrained on a throne-like chair!!).

The Queen, divested of her crimson robe and wearing a very plain white dress, walks to the altar. As she sits in King Edward’s Chair, four knights hold over her a rich canopy of ‘cloth of gold’. The Dean takes the Ampulla (an Eagle shaped vessel) and spoon from the altar, pouring oil into the spoon. This holy anointing oil is made to a formula devised by Charles 1. The Queen kneels as the archbishop anoints her on the palms of both hands, chest and head, as the Ampulla is held by the Dean of Westminster.

As her trust is a sacred one, her first responsibility is to God. She is set apart or consecrated by this Act of Anointing with the words ‘as kings, and prophets were anointed’. This is based on the scriptural account of Samuel anointing Saul king in 1 Samuel 10v1, 24, 11v14. After prayer the investiture takes place.

The Investiture Here the Sovereign is invested with the royal robes and insignia, the most notable of which is the crown. She is robed with the white linen Colobium Sindonis and over this the Supertunica of Cloth of Gold, a close fitting coat. She again sits on King Edward’s chair which has been used by all the sovereign’s of England since Edward I except Mary I and Mary II.

The golden spurs of chivalry are touched by the Queen and the Sword of State is replaced by the Sovereign’s Sword (the Jewelled Sword of State), which the archbishop lays on the altar. On her wrists are put the , ‘Bracelets of sincerity and wisdom’ – tokens of the Lord’s protection and symbols of the bond which unites her with her people.

After he has prayed, he gives the Queen the sword in her right hand and says ‘with this sword do justice, stop the growth of iniquity, protect the Holy Church of God, help and defend widows and orphans, restore the things that are gone to decay, maintain the things that are restored, punish and reform what is amiss, and confirm what is in good order: that doing these things you may be glorious in all virtue….’. The Queen then rises, places the sword in its scabbard on the altar, offering it in God’s service. (It is then redeemed for 100 shillings).

The Queen is now invested with the Royal Robe (or Imperial Robe) and Stole Royal and when she is seated again, the orb surmounted by the cross is placed in her right hand. As she takes it in her hand the archbishop said ‘And when you see this Orb under the cross remember that the whole world is subject to the power and empire of Christ our Redeemer’.

After this the Queen’s Ring in which is set a sapphire surmounted with a ruby cross – the Wedding Ring of England – is placed on the fourth finger of the Queen’s right hand to indicate her being wedded to her people.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 16

She then puts on a glove and the Royal Sceptre with the Cross, the emblem of justice and kingly power/authority, is placed in her right hand and the Rod with the Dove in her left, the sign that equity and mercy are never to be forgotten.

The Crowning The Crowning is the spectacular climax of the Investing. With the Queen seated on King Edward’s Chair the King Edward’s Crown is taken from the altar by the archbishop. There is complete silence as he raises the crown high in the air and then lowers it reverently onto the head of the Queen.

The congregation then shout ‘God save the Queen’ three times and peers put on their coronets. The archbishop, Dr. Geoffrey Fisher declares; ‘God crown you with a crown of glory and righteousness, that having a right faith and manifold fruit of good works you may obtain the crown of an everlasting kingdom by the gift of Him whose kingdom endureth for ever’. At this moment bells peel, trumpets sound and guns at The Tower fire a salute.

The Enthroning and the Homage The Queen now sits upon a throne placed on a raised platform, bringing her into the full view of the assembled company for the first time. Here she receives the homage (the Oath of Fealty), of the Lords Spiritual (the bishops and archbishops), the Lords Temporal (, Marquesses, , Viscounts, and Barons), and the congregation - representing the people of the realm. They come and kneel before her saying, ‘ I do become your liege man of life and limb….’.

The communion service resumes and the Queen receives the bread and the wine. She then goes back to her throne and is given once more King Edwards crown, the sceptre and the rod. As she proceeds to King Edward’s chapel, four swords are carried before her. In St. Edward’s chapel the sceptre with the dove the golden spurs and St. Edward’s staff are laid on the altar. The Queen assumes her robe of purple velvet. She now wears the and carries the orb in her left hand and the sceptre with the cross in her right as she leaves the Abbey.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 17

Additional information

1 Closing words of George VI Christmas speech 1939

A New Year is at hand. We cannot tell what it will bring…. In the meantime I feel that we may all find a message of encouragement in my closing words. I would like to say to you: I said to the man who stood at the Gate of the Year; Give me a light that I may tread safely into the unknown. And he replied: Go out into the darkness, and put your hand into the . That shall be to you better than light and safer than a known way. May that Almighty Hand guide and uphold us all.

2 The new Queen, as Princess Elizabeth, in her 21st birthday broadcast from Capetown, on April 21, 1947, gave this message to the Empire:

“There is a motto which has been borne by many of my ancestors – a noble motto, ‘I serve.’

Those words were an inspiration to many bygone heirs to the throne.

I can make my solemn act of dedication with a whole Empire listening. I should like to make that dedication now; it is very simple.

I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great Imperial family, to which we all belong, but I shall not have the strength to carry out this resolution alone unless you join in it with me, as I now invite you to do. I know that your support will be unfailingly given.

God help me to make good my vow, and God bless all of you who are willing to share in it.

As part of HOPE’s Diamond Jubilee Resources. www.hopetogether.org.uk page 18

School work sheet / ideas

Use these ideas as a springboard for lessons and adapt them according to the area of the curriculum you are working on.

1 Jewels

Diamonds – very hard transparent precious stone of pure crystallized carbon

Emeralds – bright green precious stone

Rubies – rare precious stone that varies in colour from deep crimson to pale rose

Sapphires – transparent blue precious stone

Pearls – white or bluish-grey gem formed within shell of certain oysters

Amethyst – precious stone of purple or violet quartz

Diamonds Hardest, least perishable and most brilliant of all minerals. Created under enormous pressure and intense heat. They were first mined in India over 3,000 years ago. The word diamond is derived from the Greek, adamas, meaning ‘unconquerable’. (From where we get the word adamant).

In 1905 a mine in South Africa found the biggest diamond ever, weighing 3,106 carats (1.33Ibs), The Cullinan. Named after Tom Cullinan who found it. Cullinan I is set in the Sovereign’s Sceptre. Cullinan II is set in the front of the .

The Koh-i-Noor diamond is set in the Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother’s Crown.

Gold – precious metallic element.

Use these facts for work in the context of geography or science classes.

2 Draw a map of the route with the London landmarks.

3 Glossary – Explain terms and words i.e. ‘Regalia’; ‘Abdicate’; ‘Ermine’. Spelling test.

4 Make a copy of the words for the invitation. Put in your own name. Decorate border. Briefly describe what it would have been like to have been in Westminster Abbey for the Coronation service.

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5 In the Bible, the sword is a picture of the Word of God, but it is also an instrument of war and judgement. During the coronation ceremony, the Queen is given the Sovereign’s Sword (the Jewelled Sword of State) in her right hand and the Archbishop says ‘with this sword, do justice, stop the growth of iniquity, protect the church, help and defend widows and orphans, restore the things that are gone to decay….’

Show pictures of lots of different swords from mythology, legend, films and TV. (There are now many retail outlets for military /battle re-enactment regalia with accompanying catalogues. Be careful if you look up chain-mail on the Internet!)

Why do you think swords appear in so many myths, legends, stories and films? (Examples: King Arthur’s Excalibur, Skywalker’s laser sabre, Frodo’s Sting, Maximus’ Gladius, the double-handed sword of Wallace).

A sword is first mentioned in the Bible in Genesis chapter 3 verse 24.

6 Perform (or even compose) a fanfare or anthem.

7 Give out a list of colours (or have paint swatches, fabric) and ask what each colour communicates. (Be aware of anyone with colour blindness). Many will have similar answers. E.g. Yellow – warmth, life, sunshine; Red – love, passion, anger, danger.

What phrases can you think of with a colour in?

(In the pink, Black Death, singing the blues, green fingers, pure as the driven snow).

What colour is your bedroom, or what colour would you like it to be? Why have you chosen this colour and what does this say about you?

8 Get everyone in the class to shake hands with each other. We shake hands with the right. Do you know why this is done? (The right hand is symbolic of strength and power). Talk about different cultures that have different ways of greeting one another. There is often a good reason for each tradition.

9 Act out aspects of the Coronation service i.e. the crowning; presentation of the Bible.

10 At key times in her life the Queen has made vows/promises. (See additional notes and her Coronation oath). What promises have we made in our lives? How important are promises? Who makes promises? How often are they kept? How important is it for promises to be kept?

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Youth Event

Introduction

Have a snippet of the Coronation video playing on large screen, to set scene.

As we have died with Christ, we also identify with being raised with Him. We are seated with Him in heavenly places (Ephesians 2 v6, Colossians 3 v1). is on the throne and He invites us into His .

This is the year of the Queen’s Jubilee. Events and TV coverage will concentrate on her Coronation. We will be stressing the spiritual significance of these events as they have their foundation in the heart of God and Scripture.

We are going to look at three A’s, Access, Authority and Acclaim (show OHP. A picture of a door/doorway, sword and crown can be overlaid on the words).

Have a simple chair placed in the centre of the room to symbolise the throne.

Worship

If possible, have a trumpet fanfare to introduce each section.

Section 1

Have a red robe processed in and draped over a chair/throne.

Use scriptures (OHP) to explain how we can come into the throne room of heaven. (Spiritually we are ‘in Christ’ and God is omnipresent but the fog of the fallen world often means we have to consciously do this).

At this point you could drape the red fabric (blood, sacrifice, service) with white to symbolise we have been made righteous and have access into the throne room.

Use an OHP of the invitation that went out to guests for the Coronation. We are invited in. Who can refuse?

Response is to worship King Jesus.

Section 2

Process in with a sword and lay it on chair.

Five swords are used in the Coronation service to symbolise authority. When the Queen knights an individual, she ‘dubs’ them on each shoulder, thereby indicating that she has conferred her authority on them. Jesus has given us authority.

Use scriptures. Discuss how we can use this authority, i.e. in prayer, spiritual warfare, praying for the sick.

Response is to pray/intercede.

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Section 3

Process in with a crown and place it on chair.

God is delighted when we come into the throne room and spend time with Him. He takes great pleasure in us and acclaims us.

The Queen received great acclamation as the crown was placed on her head. We will receive in heaven, but till then we can know God’s pleasure resting on us.

Response is to meditate on seeing and knowing God’s smile.

Use appropriate scriptures.

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Access Approach, right or means of reaching, way in

Authority Power or right to enforce

Acclaim Welcome or applaud enthusiastically

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Access

“Father I want (desire) those you have given me to be with me where I am and to see my glory.” John 17 v24

Who may ascend the hill of the Lord? Who may stand in his holy place? He who has clean hands and a pure heart. Psalm 24 v3,4

Jesus said, “I am the way” John 14 v6

Now in Christ Jesus you who were once far away have been brought near through the blood of Jesus. and have access to the Father. Ephesians 2 v13

Since we have confidence to enter the Most Holy Place by the blood of Jesus, let us draw near to God. Hebrews 10 v19-22

For Christ died to bring you to God. 1 Peter 3 v18

Authority

Jesus called his disciples and gave them authority to drive out evil spirits and to heal every disease and sickness. Matthew 10 v1

Jesus said, “All authority in heaven and earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. Matthew 28 v18

And you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you. Acts 1 v8

Acclaim

For the Lord takes delight in his people; he crowns the humble with salvation. Psalm149 v4

The Lord your God is with you, and he is mighty to save. He will take great delight in you, he will quiet you with his love, he will rejoice over you with singing. Zephaniah 3 v17

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Assembly Ideas

Music Zadok the Priest – Handel Crown Imperial – Walton Orb and Sceptre – Walton I was Glad – Parry Trumpet Tune – Purcell

Hymn All people that on Earth do dwell - Old Hundredth (Sung at Coronation)

Introduction

Refer to background sheet to give an overview of the Coronation events.

Suggested Bible readings

Psalm 122 v 1 The Queen walked in to Westminster Abbey with Parry’s anthem being sung. The house of the Lord in this case was the Abbey Church of Westminster. The Coronation did not take place at Buckingham Palace, the or the Albert Hall, but in a church because it was a godly event, full of spiritual imagery, Bible passages and prayer.

1 Kings 1 v 39-40 In the Coronation service, before the Queen is crowned, a strange event takes place. The Archbishop pours holy oil on the Queen. This mirrors the event indicated in the Bible reading. God appointed Israelite kings and His choice was sanctioned by anointing with oil. (See also 1 Samuel 10 v 1 and 1 Samuel 16 v 13). At the moment of anointing Christians believe that God confers His authority and power for service on the one being anointed. The Queen is anointed and is thereby set apart to serve God and her people.

Imagery

Show objects or acetates of any of the following: Crown, Robes, Ring, Swords, Orb, . (See symbolism sheet)

Way in to talk

 The media. The Coronation was the first major televised event televised worldwide. Cameras were huge and few households owned a TV. No-one had TV in colour and if you happened to miss it, it was not available on video (it had not been invented).

 Honours. Today famous people receive knighthoods, cups or gold medals. In the Coronation, the Queen was honoured by receiving crown, orb etc and representatives all came and knelt before her (the homage). How do you honour one another?

st  Vows/promises. The Queen made a promise to her people on her 21 birthday (see sheet) and on her Coronation day, took the oath. She has been reigning for fifty years and there is no doubt that she has kept her word. What promises have

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you made? Is it important that they have been kept? Can you trust someone who breaks their promise?

 Service/sacrifice . In the Coronation, the Queen promises to serve her people. What sacrifices do you think the Queen has made? What sacrifices do we make each day to serve those around us.

 Dress code. How would you feel if someone came to your party not having made any effort with their appearance? We all dress in a particular way for important occasions, i.e. weddings, job interviews. This honours whoever is at the centre of the event. At the Coronation, all those present at the Abbey and in the streets around, dressed up. Many of those within the Abbey would be wearing uniforms, rich robes, coronets or new outfits made for the event.

 Pageantry/tradition . This school has a motto and many traditions ……. This nation has a long history of tradition, i.e. pancake races, Morris dancing, Trooping of the Colour, Boat-race. Mass events such as the funeral of the Queen Mother bring out the desire for us to celebrate, remember and honour. The Coronation was full of pageantry and tradition – the carriages, trumpet fanfares, music and the Coronation service itself.

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Junior Christian Union – week 1

As the children come in, have them colour the template of a crown.

Once all assembled, play a true/false quiz where they have to run to one side of the room or the other.

Princess Elizabeth became Queen at her Coronation F (She became Queen immediately upon the death of her father George VI)

If you missed watching the Coronation on TV, you could buy the video. F (Video had not been invented)

In the Coronation Service the Queen had oil smeared on her. T (The Queen was anointed with oil)

The Coronation took place in Westminster Abbey. T

In the long wait for the Queen to arrive, Lords kept sandwiches in their Coronets () T (There were no pockets in their court dress)

The Queen sat on an elaborate throne. F (She sat on King Edwards chair, a large wooden seat)

The Queen wore two crowns. T (Crowned with King Edwards crown and left Abbey with Imperial State Crown)

The Queen arrived at the Abbey in a Rolls Royce. F (Gold state coach pulled by eight Windsor greys)

In the Coronation service a one thousand year old spoon was used. T (The spoon used for anointing is the oldest piece of regalia dating back to 11 th Century)

At the time of the Coronation a brand new car could be bought for under £400 T (Ford Popular bought and taxed cost £390)

Enact the choosing of Saul as King (1Samuel 9 v 1 – 10 v 1)

Explanation. God chose and anointed the kings of Israel. Today, in our country, we still have a . Each monarch is crowned at a Coronation service. This service begins with the monarch being anointed. It is also full of Bible references and prayer.

Craft activity. Complete colouring the crowns. Cut out and sellotape, crown each other!!!

Finish with a song about Jesus as King.

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Junior Christian Union – week 2

Game of kingly chase. Have children run form one side of the room to the other. King tries to touch someone as they pass. (Touching will be done with a length of foam lagging) When touched, children will receive a sticky dot. They now belong to the king. Keep playing the game until one un-dotted person is left.

Explanation. In this country, the Queen uses a sword to ‘dub’. Explain this by acting it out. The person is given a medal and title (Sir, Lady, OBE,) and certain powers and responsibilities. Jesus is King and when someone becomes a Christian he gives us authority. We can therefore pray for individuals and situations and see them change by the power of Jesus. The sword for Christians is the Bible.

Jesus means anointed one. Christian means little anointed one. A Christian, like the Queen (refer to last week) has been anointed by God.

Break down into small groups and discuss:  We have powerful weapons, rockets and cars. There are powerful people like President Obama, David Cameron and the Queen. If you had power how would you use it/what would you do? (Let conversation be as broad and light as possible i.e. power to fly, stop suffering, make play-time last all day).  What did Jesus use His power to do?  What power do you think Christians have?  In what ways are Christians using the power and authority Jesus has given them?  Have time of prayer.

Come back together. Act out Acts 1 v 8 by following the leader. ‘You will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you’. (Leaders will need to invent appropriate signs!!!).

When the Queen was crowned the people shouted three times, ‘God save the Queen’. Have the children shout out together three times ‘Jesus is King’.

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Resources

Craft The Works stationary shop for stencils (found Country House stencil with Lion and Crown, and a foam fleur de lys); glass paints; gemstones; modelling clay.

Craft shops for foam or constituted cotton balls for orbs; jewels; black fabric crayon/paint (to put spots on white fur-like material for ermine).

Charity shops for what you can find! (We found crimson curtain for Royal robe, lots of jewels and pearls, a picture of Westminster Abbey and even a double CD of the 1953 Coronation service!)

Pantry for biscuit tin – ideal for a crown

Fabric shop (or charity!) for fur and/or fabric dye

Display Archive pictures, newspapers, souvenir programmes from attics Tower of London for postcards, books, videos, CDs

Videos The (Official video narrated by Sir Derek Jacobi) The Coronation narrated by Robert Powell. (‘Castle’ Home video 1999) Various TV programmes e.g. Tower of London featured on Channel 4 and Coronation Britain shown on Channel 5. (Be aware of copyright legislation)

CDs The Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2 nd June 1953. (Official recording) EMI Records Recorded in collaboration with the BBC Music from The Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth – Cantoris Griffin

Information Check out your local library Visit the Tower of London to see Crown Jewels

Sources The Coronation Book William Le Hardy Staples Press Ltd. First Published 1937, Revised 53

The Radio Times 40 th Anniversary of Coronation Edition

My Coronation Book Leslie F. Church Epworth Press

The Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Approved Souvenir Programme

Coronation Pictures B.F.R Publications Ltd.

1953 Great Events ‘The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II by Gillian Clements published by Franklin Watts.

Youthwork, (Magazine) May 2002 Ready-to-use meeting guide

Christianity & Renewal (Magazine) June 2002 God Save the Queen article

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Recipe for Coronation Cookies

Preparation time 15 mins; Cooking time 10 mins;

90g softened butter, 190g plain flour, 1 tbsp water, 1 tsp white vinegar, raspberry and other coloured jams or boiled sweets, beaten egg for glazing.

In a bowl, rub butter into flour until crumbs. Combine water and vinegar to make a firm dough. Lightly knead until smooth. Wrap and chill until firm enough to handle (1 hour).

Roll out dough. With knife cut into required shape (Crown, cross, fleur-de-lys…). Put jam or boiled sweets or mini wine gums to represent jewels where required. (You can buy Supercook silver balls, rainbow pearls and midget gems from Sainsburys).

Place on baking tray. Lightly glaze. Bake at 230 ° for 8 – 10 minutes until firm and golden.

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