Section 4.6 Wetlands
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Section 4.6 Wetlands 4.6.1 Introduction This section describes existing conditions related to wetlands and other bodies of water in the vicinity of the WSX Alternative. The section also analyzes the WSX Alternative’s potential impacts on wetlands and other waters and identifies mitigation measures to address substantial adverse impacts. 4.6.2 Affected Environment 4.6.2.1 Methodology for Assessment of Existing Conditions The area studied for the analysis of wetlands encompassed the 5.4-mile-long approximately 100-foot- wide WSX Alternative corridor, an access road along Morrison Creek, New Marsh, and an adjacent biological resource area. This is referred to as the wetlands study area. Inventory of Existing Information As preparation for the field surveys, Jones & Stokes biologists, independent scientists retained by BART to evaluate project effects, conducted a search of pertinent existing literature to evaluate the potential for sensitive wetlands habitats to occur in the biological resources study area. The following sources of information were used in the pre-field inventory. Pertinent environmental documents, including the following. Lake Elizabeth Stivers Lagoon Marsh Design and Improvement Program, Draft Environmental Impact Report (City of Fremont 1993a). Lake Elizabeth Stivers Lagoon Marsh Design and Improvement Program, Final Environmental Impact Report (City of Fremont 1993b). Biological Resource Assessment for the Grimmer Boulevard and Irvington Pump Station Sites Owned by San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (Environmental Collaborative for Baseline Environmental Consulting 2000). Jones & Stokes staff also consulted individuals recognized as experts in biological issues relevant to the wetlands study area. These individuals are listed in the personal communications section in Chapter 10, References. BART Warm Springs Extension June 2006 Final Environmental Impact Statement 4.6-1 Volume 1 J&S 04071.04 San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Section 4.6. Wetlands Field Surveys Jones & Stokes biologists conducted reconnaissance-level surveys of the wetlands study area in May 2002 and December 2004. The biologists collected data by walking and driving the project site and recorded the data in the field on data sheets and aerial photographs (scale 1:2,400). Special attention was paid to sensitive resources such as wetlands. Reconnaissance-level surveys for special-status and common wildlife were conducted on May 14 and 15, 2002 (see Section 4.7, Biological Resources). During the reconnaissance-level wildlife surveys, a wildlife biologist walked the length of the WSX Alternative corridor gathered information to assess the suitability of existing habitats, including wetlands habitats, for special-status wildlife species; where habitat suitable for special-status wildlife was encountered, its areal extent and potential as breeding habitat were evaluated. Wetlands Delineation A formal delineation of waters of the U.S. in the biological resources study area was conducted on June 6, 2002, to identify bodies of water, including wetlands, that qualify for jurisdictional status under Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act (see 3.4.6, Regulatory Setting, below). The survey was conducted by a botanist/wetland ecologist and a soil scientist in accordance with standard protocols detailed in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987). 4.6.2.2 Existing Conditions Wetlands habitats in the study area were divided into two primary types: open water habitats and forested and emergent seasonal wetlands. The existing conditions of those resources are summarized below. Open Water Habitats Bodies of open water in the biological resources study area include Lake Elizabeth, New Marsh, and several creeks. The deeper areas of open water are largely unvegetated. However, vegetation is found along shorelines. The following sections focus on vegetation communities along the shorelines of the open water habitats in the biological resources study area. Lake Elizabeth and New Marsh Lake Elizabeth, located in Fremont Central Park, originated as a natural sag pond along an active trace of the Hayward fault (City of Fremont 1991, as amended).1 (See Figures 4.6-1a through 4.6-1c for locations of wetlands in project corridor.) It has been artificially modified to form a year-round recreational lake maintained with groundwater, and also provides flood storage capacity for the City of Fremont during the wet season (Jones & Stokes 2000). Lake Elizabeth encompasses 83 acres. Approximately 550 linear feet of the WSX Alternative alignment is within (in a subway structure) the northeast arm of Lake Elizabeth; the WSX Alternative corridor includes 3.7 acres or approximately 4% of the lake’s area. The portion of Lake Elizabeth intersected by the WSX Alternative corridor has a maximum depth of approximately 6 feet. Much of Lake Elizabeth’s 1 Sag pond refers to a wetted depression formed by surface deformation along an active fault trace. BART Warm Springs Extension June 2006 Final Environmental Impact Statement 4.6-2 Volume 1 J&S 04071.04 4BO'SBODJTDP#BZ"SFB3BQJE5SBOTJU%JTUSJDU $IBQUFS8FUMBOET 1RUWKHUQ7HUPLQXV RI)UHPRQW*UDGH 6HSDUDWLRQV3URMHFW )ORRG&RQWURO 1HZ0DUVK &KDQQHO QRUWKRI 3DVHR3DGUH3DUNZD\ 6HH)LJXUHE 0LVVLRQ&UHHN %OYG 6RXWK6XEZD\ 1RUWK6XEZD\ 3HRL,SPaHIL[O 3RUWDO/RFDWLRQ 3RUWDO/RFDWLRQ 0DWFKOLQH 3DUNZD\ 7XOH3RQG 3DGUH 1RUWK 3DVHR :DOQXW 6WHYHQVRQ /HJHQG :6;$OWHUQDWLYHDOLJQPHQW %RXQGDU\RIVWXG\DUHD 8QLRQ3DFLILFDOLJQPHQW $YH 7XOH3RQG &UHHN 6RXWK +DELWDWV IHHW 5XGHUDOIRUEJUDVVODQG 2SHQZDWHU 7KLVUHVRXUFHLVRXWVLGH 5LSDULDQIRUHVW WKHSURMHFWFRUULGRUDQG ZRXOGQRWEHDIIHFWHG 6HDVRQDOHPHUJHQWZHWODQG 8UEDQ ODQGVFDSHGRUGHYHORSHG ä{äÇ£°ä{Ênäx® -ÕÀVi\ÊÊiÀ>ÊL>ÃiÊ>`Ê>}iÌÃ\Ê*>ÀÃÃÊ ÀiÀ vvÊÓääÓÆÊ >LÌ>ÌÃ\ÊiÃÊEÊ-ÌiÃÊÓääÓ° }ÕÀiÊ{°È£> }V>Ê,iÃÕÀViÃÊ7Ì Ê>`Ê`>ViÌ ÌÊÌ iÊ7-8ÊÌiÀ>ÌÛiÊ ÀÀ`À >Ê ÛÀiÌ>Ê«>VÌÊ-Ì>ÌiiÌ ,/Ê7>ÀÊ-«À}ÃÊ ÝÌià 4BO'SBODJTDP#BZ"SFB3BQJE5SBOTJU%JTUSJDU $IBQUFS8FUMBOET /HJHQG :6;$OWHUQDWLYHDOLJQPHQW +DELWDWV %RXQGDU\RIVWXG\DUHD 5XGHUDOIRUEJUDVVODQG 8QLRQ3DFLILFDOLJQPHQW 6HDVRQDOHPHUJHQWZHWODQG &UHHN 8UEDQ ODQGVFDSHGRUGHYHORSHG 6HH)LJXUHD 2SWLRQDO ,UYLQJWRQ 6WDWLRQ 0DWFKOLQH %OYG 2VJRRG5RDG :DVKLQJWRQ 6HH)LJXUHF 6HDVRQDO:HWODQG 6RXWKHUQ7HUPLQXV RI)UHPRQW*UDGH 6HSDUDWLRQV3URMHFW 0DWFKOLQH IHHW ä{äÇ£°ä{Ênäx® 4PVSDF"FSJBMCBTFBOEBMJHONFOUT1BSTPOT#SJOLFSIPõIBCJUBUT+POFT4UPLFT }ÕÀiÊ{°È£L }V>Ê,iÃÕÀViÃÊ7Ì Ê>`Ê`>ViÌ ÌÊÌ iÊ7-8ÊÌiÀ>ÌÛiÊ ÀÀ`À >Ê ÛÀiÌ>Ê«>VÌÊ-Ì>ÌiiÌ ,/Ê7>ÀÊ-«À}ÃÊ ÝÌià 4BO'SBODJTDP#BZ"SFB3BQJE5SBOTJU%JTUSJDU $IBQUFS8FUMBOET %OYG :DUP6SULQJV%OYG 6HH)LJXUHE 3DUNZD\ 0DOO 0DWFKOLQH $XWR :DUP6SULQJV6WDWLRQ /RFDWLRQRI$FWLYH %XUURZLQJ2ZO1HVWV 6HDVRQDO:HWODQGV *ULPPHU 6RXWK /HJHQG :6;$OWHUQDWLYHDOLJQPHQW +DELWDWV %RXQGDU\RIVWXG\DUHD 5XGHUDOIRUEJUDVVODQG 8QLRQ3DFLILFDOLJQPHQW 6HDVRQDOHPHUJHQWZHWODQG &UHHN 8UEDQ ODQGVFDSHGRUGHYHORSHG IHHW ä{äÇ£°ä{Ênäx® 4PVSDF"FSJBMCBTFBOEBMJHONFOUT1BSTPOT#SJOLFSIPõIBCJUBUT+POFT4UPLFT }ÕÀiÊ{°È£V }V>Ê,iÃÕÀViÃÊ7Ì Ê>`Ê`>ViÌ ÌÊÌ iÊ7-8ÊÌiÀ>ÌÛiÊ ÀÀ`À >Ê ÛÀiÌ>Ê«>VÌÊ-Ì>ÌiiÌ ,/Ê7>ÀÊ-«À}ÃÊ ÝÌià San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Section 4.6. Wetlands shoreline consists of concrete and riprap, but a narrow band of cattail (Typha latifolia) and bulrush (Scirpus acutus) grows along the lake’s southern and eastern margins. An island in the southern portion of the lake supports arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) cover. New Marsh is located approximately 300 feet from the east edge of the WSX Alternative construction corridor and approximately 400 feet from the centerline of the corridor at the northern end of Lake Elizabeth. New Marsh is a small (1.8-acre) pond created in the late 1980s to serve as a retention basin for runoff from surrounding portions of Fremont Central Park. The shoreline of New Marsh supports patches of bulrush and cattail. Creek Habitat There are nine streams within the WSX Alternative corridor, all of which have been rerouted and altered from their historical condition (see Figure 4.5-1 in Section 4.5, Hydrology). Five of the streams (K, I, J, H, and M) are either culverted or channelized and lined with concrete where they cross the WSX Alternative corridor; they serve as flood control channels and are maintained by the Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (ACFCD). The remaining four (L, L-1,2 L-10, and H-1) are open channels that have not been hardscaped. Mission Creek is a perennial tributary of Coyote Creek, a principal drainage of the South Bay region that enters San Francisco Bay southwest of Fremont (see related discussion in Section 4.5, Hydrology). The 6-foot-wide channel that characterizes Mission Creek in the WSX Alternative corridor was established in 1986 when Lake Elizabeth was excavated. Although Mission Creek is a tributary of Coyote Creek, high wet-season flows typically back up where the creek is culverted at Paseo Padre Parkway and flow via a weir into Lake Elizabeth. As the flood flows subside, lake water drains back into Mission Creek via the same weir. During extreme flood events, flood flows in Mission Creek overtop the bank and discharge directly into Lake Elizabeth upstream of the weir (Jones & Stokes 2000). Mission Creek supports a range of emergent, upland, and ruderal plant species along its banks (Figure 4.6-1a). The other eight streams within the WSX Alternative corridor, including the unnamed flood control channel north of Paseo Padre Parkway, are tributaries to Mission Creek. They range from 2 feet wide to approximately 6 feet wide. Some support intermittent emergent vegetation such as watercress