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Filosofická Fakulta Masarykovy Univerzity Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Lucie Horáková New Prides and New Prejudices: The Contemporary Cult of Austen in Popular Literature Bachelor‟s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Bonita Rhoads, Ph. D. 2014 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author‟s signature I would like to thank my supervisor Bonita Rhoads for an ongoing support and invaluable advice. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 2 The Canon ................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Pride and Prejudice ........................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Pride and Prejudice – The Narrative .......................................................... 4 2.2.2 Pride and Prejudice – The Representation of Women ............................. 10 2.3 Compulsively Mr. Darcy .................................................................................. 20 2.3.1 Compulsively Mr. Darcy – The Narrative ................................................ 20 2.3.2 Compulsively Mr. Darcy – Representation of Women ............................. 28 2.3.3 Compulsively Mr. Darcy – Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy ............................... 32 2.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 35 3 The Cult ................................................................................................................... 38 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 38 3.2 Me and Mr. Darcy ............................................................................................ 39 3.2.1 Me and Mr. Darcy – The Narrative .......................................................... 39 3.2.2 Me and Mr. Darcy – The Representation of Women ............................... 44 3.2.3 Me and Mr. Darcy – Emily, Mr. Darcy and Spike ................................... 48 3.3 Austenland ........................................................................................................ 51 3.3.1 Austenland – The Narrative and Characteristics ....................................... 51 3.3.2 Austenland – The Representation of Women ........................................... 55 3.3.3 Austenland – Jane and Henry .................................................................... 58 3.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 62 4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 65 5 Appendices .............................................................................................................. 68 5.1 Vladimir Propp's narrative structure points used for analysing the romance ... 68 5.2 Pride and Prejudice, 1995 ................................................................................ 69 5.3 Austenland, 2013 .............................................................................................. 70 6 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 71 7 Summary .................................................................................................................. 73 8 Resumé .................................................................................................................... 74 1 Introduction With the last year‟s 200th anniversary of the publication of Pride and Prejudice (P&P), the topic of Jane Austen‟s most famous novel and its modern spin offs is being discussed more than ever. Both Jane Austen‟s work and the modern takes on her novels are often labelled as romances and dismissed as trivial pieces of writing. The aim of this thesis is to find out if and to what extent is this statement justified. By detailed analysis of P&P and three modern spin offs, the thesis shall prove that the romance label is at least partly undeserved and the novels in question can offer more than just a simple love story presenting unequal or even abusive relationships. Since most of the discussed novels are written by contemporary writers, the findings from the respective subchapters shall be used to detect what are the prejudices people have to face while working towards a satisfying relationship and what prides they have to conquer to be on equal position with their partner. Throughout the thesis, the analysis always focuses on three main areas – the narrative composition and devices, the portrayal of women, and the dynamics of the relationship between the hero and the heroine. In the first half, the canonical story of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy is analysed: first as originally written by Jane Austen in P&P, second as re-imagined by Nina Benneton in Compulsively Mr. Darcy. The analysis of P&P sets a number of devices that distinguish it from the romance novel formula and the second subchapter analysing Compulsively Mr. Darcy shows that not all of these devices are always kept in use and thus this modernization is paradoxically partly reactionary compared with its almost 200 year-old predecessor. The second half of the thesis presents two novels: Me and Mr. Darcy and Austenland, which do not update the story of P&P, but build their plots on its vast 1 popularity. Following the histories of two Austen aficionados, commonly known as Janeites, they show how the cult of Austen is perceived by the contemporary readership. The part dedicated to the narrative analysis focuses on comparison with the postfeminist genre of chick lit, which is the commonly used label for modern Austen spin offs; taking into account the important narrative functions established in the first half of the thesis. The respective second and third subchapters investigate how the novels in question work with feminist themes and to what extent they follow the course of gender equality set by Austen. The conclusion compares in whole how the chosen novels work with the established narrative devices and summarizes to what extent the spin offs do more than trivialize Austen‟s plot to a romance. Through the analysis of the portrayal of women and the relationship dynamics, the new prides and prejudices are outlined. The chosen texts by no means represent the full extent of Austen modern takes, but they depict one distinct subgenre of Austen-inspired fiction and provide a solid base for discovering the general patterns and themes of the narratives. The main purpose of this thesis is to present a picture of different ways how the Austen‟s canonical text is updated to the modern-time settings, moralities and social bias and proving that neither Austen‟s work nor her successors should be condemned on the basis of plot trivializations, as after a close reading, they offer more than just a love story. 2 2 The Canon 2.1 Introduction All Jane Austen‟s novels, and Pride and Prejudice as her most popular work in particular, have often been called romances by both the general readership and academics. The genre of romance was established and acknowledged decades after Austen‟s death, but it has been used retrospectively as one of descriptions of Jane Austen‟s writings. On international book web sites such as Goodreads, the romance tag is one of the most used when describing P&P. Scholar Pamela Regis calls P&P “the best romance ever written” and claims it to be a predecessor of “the twentieth century romance novel”. The aim of this chapter is to examine to which extent P&P meets the definition of a romance and what other readings are possible. As a guideline for this comparison, Janice A. Radway‟s analysis of the romance novel shall be used, as it provides a clear outline and seems to meet the general notion of what the romance novel should look like. Apart from that, the representation of women and the dynamics of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy‟s relationship will be examined in detail. Over the course of the twentieth century P&P has become a cult, inspiring first dramatic and filmic adaptations, and later also literary sequels, prequels and modernizations. One of the modernizations is the novel Compulsively Mr. Darcy, which is the topic of the second part of Chapter 2. It has been chosen because it admittedly rewrites the story of P&P, using eponymous characters in the contemporary world. After examining the same features as in the first part of the chapter, the findings will be compared in the conclusion. The topics in question will be discussed in relation to feminism with emphasis on gender equality. Taking into account the social climate and 3 the developmental stage of the feminist movement at the time the novels were written, each of the novels will be evaluated according to individually set criteria. 2.2 Pride and Prejudice 2.2.1 Pride and Prejudice – The Narrative As a courtship novel, P&P can be and often is read as a romance only. When compared with Vladimir Propp‟s analysis as used by Janice A. Radway (134), many points of correspondence can be found. From the thirteen points Radway presents, ten of them can be applied to the
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