Creolizing Europe: Legacies and Transformations 1 Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez and Shirley Anne Tate
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Creolizing Europe MIGRATIONS AND IDENTITIES Series Editors Kirsty Hooper, Eve Rosenhaft, Michael Sommer This series offers a forum and aims to provide a stimulus for new research into experiences, discourses and representations of migration from across the arts and humanities. A core theme of the series will be the variety of relationships between movement in space – the ‘migration’ of people, communities, ideas and objects – and mentalities (‘identities’ in the broadest sense). The series aims to address a broad scholarly audience, with critical and informed interventions into wider debates in contemporary culture as well as in the relevant disciplines. It will publish theoretical, empirical and practice-based studies by authors working within, across and between disciplines, geographical areas and time periods, in volumes that make the results of specialist research accessible to an informed but not discipline- specific audience. The series is open to proposals for both monographs and edited volumes. Creolizing Europe Legacies and Transformations Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez and Shirley Anne Tate Liverpool University Press First published 2015 by Liverpool University Press 4 Cambridge Street Liverpool L69 7ZU Copyright © 2015 Liverpool University Press The authors’ rights have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication data A British Library CIP record is available print ISBN 978-1-78138-171-7 epdf ISBN 978-1-78138-463-3 Typeset by Carnegie Book Production, Lancaster Printed by BooksFactory.co.uk In Memoriam, Édouard Glissant Stuart Hall Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This volume first took shape within the Migration and Diaspora Cultural Studies Network (MDCSN),1* based at the University of Manchester, between 2006 and 2011. MDCSN was initiated by Margaret Littler, University of Manchester, and Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez, who was then also at the University of Manchester, and was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) between 2006 and 2007. Some of the papers given in a series of workshops and an international conference ‘Creolizing Europe’, which took place in Manchester in 2007, are included in this volume. We would like to thank Margaret Littler for shaping earlier versions of this collection. We are also very indebted to Catherine Hall for her generosity in granting us permission to reprint Stuart Hall’s chapter ‘Creolité and the Process of Creolization’. We would also like to thank publisher Hatje Cantz and editors Okwui Enwezor, Carlos Bausaldo, Ute Meta Bauer, Susanne Ghez, Sarat Maharaj, Mark Nash and Ocatvio Zaya for their permission to reprint his chapter. Our thanks also go to Katharina Piepenbrink and Manuela Schmidt for their support at different stages of this project. * MDCSN was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council of Great Britain from 2006 to 2008. vi Contents Contents List of Figures ix List of Contributors x Introduction: Creolizing Europe: Legacies and Transformations 1 Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez and Shirley Anne Tate 1 Creolité and the Process of Creolization 12 Stuart Hall 2 World Systems and the Creole, Rethought 26 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak 3 Creolization and Resistance 38 Françoise Vergès 4 Continental Creolization: French Exclusion through a Glissantian Prism 57 H. Adlai Murdoch 5 Archipelago Europe: On Creolizing Conviviality 80 Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez 6 Are We All Creoles? ‘Sable-Saffron’ Venus, Rachel Christie and Aesthetic Creolization 100 Shirley Anne Tate vii 7 Re-imagining Manchester as a Queer and Haptic Brown Atlantic Space 118 Alpesh Kantilal Patel 8 Queering Diaspora Space, Creolizing Counter-Publics: On British South Asian Gay and Bisexual Men’s Negotiations of Sexuality, Intimacy and Marriage 133 Christian Klesse 9 On Being Portuguese: Luso-tropicalism, Migrations and the Politics of Citizenship 157 José Carlos Pina Almeida and David Corkill 10 Comics, Dolls and the Disavowal of Racism: Learning from Mexican Mestizaje 175 Mónica G. Moreno Figueroa and Emiko Saldívar Tanaka 11 Creolizing Citizenship? Migrant Women from Turkey as Subjects of Agency 202 Umut Erel Index 222 Figures Figures 1 Agostino Brunias (1728–96), West India Washer Women, c.1773–75 Courtesy of the Institute of Jamaica, The National Collection of Jamaica, West Indies 105 2 Rachel Christie, Miss England 2009 Courtesy of photoshot.com 106 Contributors Contributors David Corkill is a visiting lecturer at the University of Chester, having previously worked at Manchester Metropolitan University, University of Portsmouth and Leeds University. He has written extensively on the economies and societies of Spain and Portugal. Umut Erel is Lecturer in Sociology and a member of the Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance at the Open University. Umut’s research interests are in migration, ethnicity, gender, class and citizenship. Recent publications include: Migrant Women Transforming Citizenship (2009) and ‘Kurdish Migrant Mothers Enacting Citizenship’, Citizenship Studies (2013). Encarnación Gutiérrez Rodríguez is Chair in Sociology at the Justus- Liebig University Giessen, Germany. Previous to her appointment in Giessen she was a Senior Lecturer in Transcultural Studies at the University of Manchester. She is the author of Intellektuelle Migrantinnen (1999) and Migration, Domestic Work and Affect (2010), and the co-editor of Spricht die Subalterne Deutsch? Migration und Postkoloniale Kritik (2003), Gouvernementalität (2003) and Decolonizing European Sociology (2010). Stuart Hall, influential cultural theorist, campaigner and founding editor of the New Left Review, was an Emeritus Professor at the Open University. In 2005, he was made a Fellow of the British Academy. His published work includes the collaborative volumes Resistance Through Rituals (1975); Culture, Media, Language (1980); Politics and Ideology (1986); The Hard Road to Renewal (1988); New Times (1989); Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (1996); and Different: A Historical Context: Contemporary Photographers and Black Identity (2001). In 2013, with Doreen Massey and Michael Rustin, he published After Neoliberalism? The Kilburn Manifesto, a statement being made in twelve monthly installments, critically examining the nature of neo-liberalism locally, in the United Kingdom, and globally. x Contributors xi Christian Klesse is Senior Lecturer in Cultural Studies in the Department of Sociology at Manchester Metropolitan University. His research interests include sexual politics, sexual cultures and questions of embodiment. He is currently engaged in collaborative research on transnational LGBTQ politics (with a focus on Poland) and Queer Film Festivals in Europe. His most recent publications include a co-edited special issue on gender, sexuality and political economy in the International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society (2014). Mónica G. Moreno Figueroa is a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Cambridge. Previously she was a Senior Lecturer at the University of Newcastle. Her research and publications have focused on the lived experience of ‘race’ and racism in Mexico; beauty, emotions and feminist theory; and visual methodologies and applied research collaborations. She is currently completing a book on the everyday life of racism in Mexico and has published in a variety of journals and edited collections. H. Adlai Murdoch is Professor of Romance Languages and Director of Africana Studies at Tufts University. He is the author of Creole Identity in the French Caribbean Novel (2001); Creolizing the Metropole: Migratory Metropolitan Caribbean Identities in Literature and Film (2012); and co-editor of the essay collections Postcolonial Theory and Francophone Literary Studies (2005); Francophone Cultures and Geographies of Identity (2013); and Metropolitan Mosaics and Melting-Pots: Paris and Montreal in Francophone Literatures (2013). Alpesh Kantilal Patel is an Assistant Professor in Contemporary Art and Theory at Florida International University in Miami. He is also Director of the Master of Fine Arts programme in Visual Arts and an affiliate faculty of both the African and African Diaspora programme and the Women’s and Gender Studies Centre. His book project, provisionally entitled ‘Productive Failure: Writing Queer Transnational South Asian Art Histories’, is under contract with Manchester University Press. José Carlos Pina Almeida gained his Ph.D. in sociology at the University of Bristol in 2001. He was a lecturer at the Instituto Piaget, Portugal until 2006 and since then has been a research fellow at the Migration Research Unit at University College London and at the Manchester European Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University. Emiko Saldivar is Associate Researcher and Lecturer at the University of California in Santa Barbara. Previously she was a professor at the Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City. She is the author of Prácticas cotidianas del estado: una etnografía del indigenismo (2008). Her work xii Creolizing Europe focuses on race and ethnicity in Mexico and Latin America, with special emphasis on state formation and indigenous people. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is a University Professor at Columbia University