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Gupta Empire and Their Rulers – History Notes
Gupta Empire and Their Rulers – History Notes Posted On April 28, 2020 By Cgpsc.Info Home » CGPSC Notes » History Notes » Gupta Empire and Their Rulers Gupta Empire and Their Rulers – The Gupta period marks the important phase in the history of ancient India. The long and e¸cient rule of the Guptas made a huge impact on the political, social and cultural sphere. Though the Gupta dynasty was not widespread as the Maurya Empire, but it was successful in creating an empire that is signiÛcant in the history of India. The Gupta period is also known as the “classical age” or “golden age” because of progress in literature and culture. After the downfall of Kushans, Guptas emerged and kept North India politically united for more than a century. Early Rulers of Gupta dynasty (Gupta Empire) :- Srigupta – I (270 – 300 C.E.): He was the Ûrst ruler of Magadha (modern Bihar) who established Gupta dynasty (Gupta Empire) with Pataliputra as its capital. Ghatotkacha Gupta (300 – 319 C.E): Both were not sovereign, they were subordinates of Kushana Rulers Chandragupta I (319 C.E. to 335 C.E.): Laid the foundation of Gupta rule in India. He assumed the title “Maharajadhiraja”. He issued gold coins for the Ûrst time. One of the important events in his period was his marriage with a Lichchavi (Kshatriyas) Princess. The marriage alliance with Kshatriyas gave social prestige to the Guptas who were Vaishyas. He started the Gupta Era in 319-320C.E. Chandragupta I was able to establish his authority over Magadha, Prayaga,and Saketa. Calendars in India 58 B.C. -
Harshavardhana [NCERT Notes on Ancient Indian History for UPSC]
UPSC Civil Services Examination UPSC Notes [GS-I] Topic: Harshavardhana [NCERT Notes on Ancient Indian History for UPSC] King Harshavardhana was also known as Harsha. He built a huge empire that extended from north & northwestern India till the Narmada in the South. His capital was Kannauj. His reforms and policies were generous and were always aimed at boosting the peace and prosperity of his people. King Harshavardhana deeds were praised by Chinese Buddhist traveller Xuanzang in his writings. Facts about King Harshavardhana (Reign: 606 A.D to 647 A.D.) Harshavardhana was born in 590 AD to King Prabhakaravardhana of Sthaneshvara (Thanesar, Haryana). He belonged to the Pushyabhuti also called Vardhana dynasty. He was a Hindu who later embraced Mahayana Buddhism. He was married to Durgavati. He had a daughter and two sons. His daughter married a king of Vallabhi whereas his sons were killed by his own minister. King Harshavardhana Ascension After Prabhakaravardhana died, his elder son Rajyavardhana ascended to the throne of Thanesar. Harsha had a sister, Rajyashri who was married to king Grahavarman of Kannauj. Sasanka, the Gauda king killed Grahavarman and kept Rajyashri prisoner. This prompted Rajyavardhana to fight against Sasanka. But Sasanka killed Rajyavardhana. This led the 16-year old Harshavardhana to ascend the throne of Thanesar in 606 AD. He vowed to avenge his brother’s murder and also rescue his sister. For this, he forged an alliance with Bhaskaravarman, the Kamarupa king. Harsha and Bhaskaravarman marched against Sasanka. Ultimately, Sasanka left for Bengal and Harsha became the king of Kannauj also. Empire of King Harshavardhana On acquiring Kannauj, Harsha united the two kingdoms of Thanesar and Kannauj. -
Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage
Culture: An Introduction MODULE - I Understanding Culture Notes 1 CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION he English word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin term ‘cult or cultus’ meaning tilling, or cultivating or refining and worship. In sum it means cultivating and refining Ta thing to such an extent that its end product evokes our admiration and respect. This is practically the same as ‘Sanskriti’ of the Sanskrit language. The term ‘Sanskriti’ has been derived from the root ‘Kri (to do) of Sanskrit language. Three words came from this root ‘Kri; prakriti’ (basic matter or condition), ‘Sanskriti’ (refined matter or condition) and ‘vikriti’ (modified or decayed matter or condition) when ‘prakriti’ or a raw material is refined it becomes ‘Sanskriti’ and when broken or damaged it becomes ‘vikriti’. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: understand the concept and meaning of culture; establish the relationship between culture and civilization; Establish the link between culture and heritage; discuss the role and impact of culture in human life. 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the things Indian Culture and Heritage Secondary Course 1 MODULE - I Culture: An Introduction Understanding Culture that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture. -
A History of Indian Music by the Same Author
68253 > OUP 880 5-8-74 10,000 . OSMANIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Call No.' poa U Accession No. Author'P OU H Title H; This bookok should bHeturned on or befoAbefoifc the marked * ^^k^t' below, nfro . ] A HISTORY OF INDIAN MUSIC BY THE SAME AUTHOR On Music : 1. Historical Development of Indian Music (Awarded the Rabindra Prize in 1960). 2. Bharatiya Sangiter Itihasa (Sanglta O Samskriti), Vols. I & II. (Awarded the Stisir Memorial Prize In 1958). 3. Raga O Rupa (Melody and Form), Vols. I & II. 4. Dhrupada-mala (with Notations). 5. Sangite Rabindranath. 6. Sangita-sarasamgraha by Ghanashyama Narahari (edited). 7. Historical Study of Indian Music ( ....in the press). On Philosophy : 1. Philosophy of Progress and Perfection. (A Comparative Study) 2. Philosophy of the World and the Absolute. 3. Abhedananda-darshana. 4. Tirtharenu. Other Books : 1. Mana O Manusha. 2. Sri Durga (An Iconographical Study). 3. Christ the Saviour. u PQ O o VM o Si < |o l "" c 13 o U 'ij 15 1 I "S S 4-> > >-J 3 'C (J o I A HISTORY OF INDIAN MUSIC' b SWAMI PRAJNANANANDA VOLUME ONE ( Ancient Period ) RAMAKRISHNA VEDANTA MATH CALCUTTA : INDIA. Published by Swaxni Adytaanda Ramakrishna Vedanta Math, Calcutta-6. First Published in May, 1963 All Rights Reserved by Ramakrishna Vedanta Math, Calcutta. Printed by Benoy Ratan Sinha at Bharati Printing Works, 141, Vivekananda Road, Calcutta-6. Plates printed by Messrs. Bengal Autotype Co. Private Ltd. Cornwallis Street, Calcutta. DEDICATED TO SWAMI VIVEKANANDA AND HIS SPIRITUAL BROTHER SWAMI ABHEDANANDA PREFACE Before attempting to write an elaborate history of Indian Music, I had a mind to write a concise one for the students. -
Kartikeya - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
קרטיקייה का셍तिकेय http://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/k%C4%81rtikeya/index.html का셍तिकेय كارتِيكيا کارتيکيا تک ہ का셍तिकेय کا ر یی http://uh.learnpunjabi.org/default.aspx Kartikeya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartikeya Kartikeya From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Kartikeya (/ˌkɑrtɪˈkeɪjə/), also known as Skanda , Kumaran ,Subramanya , Murugan and Subramaniyan is Kartikeya the Hindu god of war. He is the commander-in-chief of the Murugan army of the devas (gods) and the son of Shiva and Parvati. Subramaniyan God of war and victory, Murugan is often referred to as "Tamil Kadavul" (meaning "God of Tamils") and is worshiped primarily in areas with Commander of the Gods Tamil influences, especially South India, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Reunion Island. His six most important shrines in India are the Arupadaiveedu temples, located in Tamil Nadu. In Sri Lanka, Hindus as well as Buddhists revere the sacred historical Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna and Katirk āmam Temple situated deep south. [1] Hindus in Malaysia also pray to Lord Murugan at the Batu Caves and various temples where Thaipusam is celebrated with grandeur. In Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, Kartikeya is known as Subrahmanya with a temple at Kukke Subramanya known for Sarpa shanti rites dedicated to Him and another famous temple at Ghati Subramanya also in Karnataka. In Bengal and Odisha, he is popularly known as Kartikeya (meaning 'son of Krittika'). [2] Kartikeya with his wives by Raja Ravi Varma Tamil காத -
THE MONIST. As Far As the Chemical Or Physical Mechanism Of
476 THE MONIST. As far as the chemical or physical mechanism of memory is concerned, we have at present-only a few vague data. H. Meyer and Overton have pointed out that substances which are easily soluble in fat are also, for the most part, strong anaesthetics, e. g., ether, chloroform, etc., and that the ganglionic cells are especially rich in lipoids. It is possible that the mechanism of associative memory depends in part upon the properties and activities of the fatty con stituents of the cerebral hemispheres. Another fact which may be of im portance is the observation of Speck that if the partial pressure of oxygen in the air is lowered to below one third of its normal value, the fundament of mental activity, namely, memory, is almost instantly interfered with, and total loss of consciousness rapidly follows." Downloaded from HARVARD ORIENTAL SERIES. Vols. VII-VIII. — ATHARVA-VEDA SAMHITA. Translated with a Critical and Exegetical Commentary by William Dwight Whitney. Revised and brought nearer to completion and edited by Charles Rockwell Lanman. Vol. IX. THE LITTLE CLAY CART. Attributed to King Shudraka and translated into English prose and verse by Arthur William Ryder. http://monist.oxfordjournals.org/ Cambridge: Harvard University 1905. The Atharva-Veda is one of the most ancient and venerable collections of Brahman lore that has come down to us. It contains incantations, hymns, exorcisms for all possible purposes, and thus forms an important landmark in the development of religion. An elegant birch bark manuscript has been found in Kashmir, which is now in possession of the University of Tubingen, and was edited as an edition de luxe several years ago by the Professors Richard Garbe and Maurice Bloomfield. -
Harshavardhana NOTES
Winmeen Tnpsc Group 1 & 2 Self Preparation Course 2018 History Part - 11 11] Harshavardhana NOTES Harshavardhana (606 – 647 AD) After Gupta’s decline, Harshavardhana, a ruler of Thanesar, Haryana extended his authority over all fiduciaries Harshavardhana made Kannauj his capital & seat of power & became last great Hindu ruler of North India. In his early life, Harsha was devoted to Shiva but later he became an ardent Mahayana Buddhist under the influence of Chinese pilgrim Huan Tsang. Prabhakaravardhana is the founder of vardhana dynasty. Harsha supported scholars like Haridatta and Jeyasena. Bhaskaravarman helped harsha to fight long with Sasangan who killed harsha brother. Harsha initiall followe d Bhraminism. Hieun- Tsang and Rajyasri influenced harsha to follow Buddhism Pushyabhuti Dynasty It’s founder was Pushyabhuti. They became independent after the Hun invasion. Their capital was Thaneshwar, to the north of Delhi. 1 www.winmeen.com | Learning Leads to Ruling Winmeen Tnpsc Group 1 & 2 Self Preparation Course 2018 An important king of Vardhan Dynasty was Prabhakaravardhan. After his death, his elder son Rajyavardhan assumed the throne. He was treacherously murdered by Sasanka, the ruler of Bengal. Thereafter, Harshavardhan succeeded his brother. Extent of Harshavardhan’s Empire: Harsha ruled over a vast territory consisting of eastern Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa under their control. Nepal had accepted his overlordship. Harsha defeated the ruler of Kannauj and made Kannauj his new capital. Most important battle fought by Harshavardhan was against Chalukyan ruler Pulakeshin II with the ambition to extend his empire beyond Narmada. Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin mentions that Harsha was defeated. -
OIOP Nov 2018
Vol 22/04 Nov 2018 Patriotism Redefined Indian Archaeology, 2018 know india better The stunning ruins of Hampi The fascinating world of archaeology The startling story of Ajanta FACE TO FACE Excavating of Nagardhan Dr. Arvind P. Jamkhedkar Great Indians : Kavi Gopaldas ‘Neeraj’ | Annapurna Devi | Captain Sunil Kumar Chaudhary, KC, SM MORPARIA’S PAGE Contents November 2018 VOL. 22/04 THEME: Morparia’s Page 02 INDIAN The fascinating world of archaeology 04 ARCHAEOLOGY, 2018 Dr. Kaushik Gangopadhyay Managing Editor The startling story of Ajanta 07 Mrs. Sucharita R. Hegde Shubha Khandekar Excavating of Nagardhan 09 Abhiruchi Oke Editor The mute witnesses 11 Anuradha Dhareshwar Harshada Wirkud The footprints of the caveman 14 Satish Lalit Assistant Editor The Deccan discovery 16 E.Vijayalakshmi Rajan Varada Khaladkar Jaina basadis of North Karnataka 30 Abdul Aziz Rajput Design Resurgam Digital LLP Know India Better The stunning ruins of Hampi 17 Usha Hariprasad Subscription In-Charge Nagesh Bangera Face to Face Dr. Arvind P. Jamkhedkar 25 Raamesh Gowri Raghavan Advisory Board Sucharita Hegde General Justice S. Radhakrishnan Venkat R. Chary Killing a Tigress 32 Harshad Sambhamurthy Paper cups, not a choice 34 Usha Hariprasad Printed & Published by Mrs. Sucharita R. Hegde for One India One People Foundation, Mahalaxmi Chambers, 4th floor, Great Indians 36 22, Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai - 400 026 Tel: 022-2353 4400 Fax: 022-2351 7544 e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] visit us at: KAVI GOPALDAS “NEERAJ” ANNAPURNA DEVI CAPTAIN SUNIL KUMAR www.oneindiaonepeople.com CHAUDHARY, KC, SM www.facebook.com/oneindiaonepeoplefoundation INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY, 2018 The fascinating world of archaeology The field of archaeology in India still exhibits a colonial hangover. -
Abstracts of Medico-Historical Articles in Hindi Journals
ABSTRACTS OF MEDICO-HISTORICAL ARTICLES IN HINDI JOURNALS P. D. JOPAT* 1. Vaidik-sahitya Me Kankal Tantra (Skeleton-System in Vedic Literature) by Suresh Chandra Srivastava, Ayurvedavikas February - March 1979; 18,2& 3; pp. 19-30 & 12 - 19. This article in two parts deals with the anatomical information availa- ble in Vedic literature. The systematic description of various tissues, musc- les and bones of the body is found in a chapter of the Atharvaveda,which pertains to the treatment of Kilasa, Similar description about hair, skin, muscles and bones is available in Aitareya Br ahmana. In Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, an analogy bas been drawn between the human body and a tree wberein the bair, skin, blood, muscles, nerves and bones of human beings have been held analogous to tbe leaves, bark, fluid or latex, cortex. pericycJe and wood of the plants. The number of bones as mentioned ill Charakasa- mbita & Sushrutasamhit a has been compared with that given in Vedic literature. An elaborate chart comparing the part wise bones in the three different works together witb the modern counter parts is given. The diff- erent technical terminologies occurring in Vedic literature with anatomical significance have been defined in the proper perspective. The different parts and their component individual bones which are discussed at length in this paper are cervical vertebrae, mandible, frontal, parietal occipital, temporal, nasal, molar, auditory ossicles, spbeniodal sacrum, coccyx, thoracic, lumbar ribs, sternum, clavicle, phalanges, metatarsals, tarsus, tibia, t rbula, femur etc. 2. Kakachandishwar KaJpa Tantrokta Aushadhiyan (Medicines described in Kakachandishvara Kalpa Tantra) by V.P.Tiwari. D.N.Tiwari 0.: Praja- pati Joshi, Ayurvedavikas, April-May, 1979, 18,4 & 5, pp.9-15 and 9-19. -
Early Intimations of Peace and Harmony in Sanskrit Drama
Early Intimations of Peace and Harmony in Sanskrit Drama May 1, 2020 Mohan R. Limaye Professor Emeritus at Boise State University The classical Sanskrit plays of India end on a note of harmony and cosmic balance because, first of all, harmonious order in the Universe is what ancient Hindus and Buddhists held as their philosophical and doctrinal belief system (1). The second reason for the peaceful or tranquil endings of Sanskrit plays was that the dramaturgy of the time proposed the shanta rasa (the sentiment of peace and tranquility) as the supreme one among the nine rasas and as the sentiment, the feeling, to leave the audience with when the conclusion of a play was reached (2). Quite a few scholars and critics have commented upon this characteristic of Sanskrit drama. However, they take into account only the epilogue (the concluding benedictory stanza = the Bharata-Vaakya), which is the dramatist’s prayer for the resumption of the norm and of harmonious life after the disruption and chaos caused or threatened by the undesirable characters and events in the play. However, I’d like to suggest that the fulfillment of this yearning for harmony and order is promised -- or sometimes foretold -- in one or several preceding stanza(s) of the last scene. What has gone unnoticed, though very significant, is that in all these plays events and developments occur prior to the denouement that are predictive of a coming era of stability and harmony, not just wishful thinking or prayers for peace contained in the epilogue. The importance of this foreshadowing cannot be overstated because the demonstration or vindication of Cosmic Order through “Dharmic (ethically sound) Kingship” was the purpose of most (if not all) performing and literary arts in ancient India since they were patronized by the reigning monarchs. -
Unit 3 the Pushyabhutis and the Rise of Harsha*
History of India from C. 300 C.E. to 1206 UNIT 3 THE PUSHYABHUTIS AND THE RISE OF HARSHA* Structure 3.0 Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Changing Political Scenario in North India 3.2.1 New Type of Political Centres: the Jayaskandhavaras 3.2.2 Kanauj as the New Political Centre 3.2.3 Decline of Pataliputra 3.3 The Pushyabhutis 3.4 The Political Activities of Harsha 3.4.1 Sources 3.4.2 Political Activities of Harsha: An Overview 3.4.3 The Extent of Harsha’s Kingdom 3.4.4 Xuan Zang’s Account 3.4.5 Harsha Era 3.4.6 End of Harsha’s Reign 3.5 The Changing Structure of Polity 3.5.1 Titles of Kings 3.5.2 Administration 3.5.3 Political Structure 3.6 Aftermath: The Tripartite Struggle for Kanauj 3.7 Summary 3.8 Key Words 3.9 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 3.10 Suggested Readings 3.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to learn: how the political scenario of north India changed in the 5th-6th century CE; the emergence of new types of political centres – the Jayaskandhavaras; why Kanauj became the new political centre of North India; Harsha’s political activities; the extent of Harsha’s ‘empire’; the changing political structure of north India; and impact of the rise of Kanauj: the Tripartite struggle. 3.1 INTRODUCTION The political scenario in post-Gupta north India was characterised by the emergence of numerous ruling families like the Maukharis of Kanyakubja, later 34 *Dr. -
“19Th Century: Society; Education and Literature” Mukesh Saha Assistant Teacher Jalpaiguri Hindi High School [email protected] Abstract
International Journal of Research p-ISSN: 2348-6848 e-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 04 Issue 09 August 2017 “19th Century: Society; Education and Literature” Mukesh Saha Assistant Teacher Jalpaiguri Hindi High School [email protected] Abstract The abstraction of 19th century India century of stagnation. Indian society, as (years 1801- 1900) provides a glimpse of accomplished remained alone from the India in its beforehand centuries, while political developments. The innumerable abounding records of the century are village communities led their independent accessible due to the western influences. activities as before. Amusing acerbity and aberrant amusing practices became The earlier years were anarchic with apparent affection of the nineteenth abundant kingdoms rising and falling century India. In the nineteenth century, successively. A lot of important contest account and fatalism had been connected that occurred are the enactment of British to extremes. Islam, too, had become an in India, the First Indian War of antipathetic adoration in the heyday of Independence, the end of Mughal empire, Islamic glory, the Sufi preachers preached and aboriginal signs of Indian renaissance tolerance, but the Muslims affected that led to India's abandon and desperate religious bigotry as an allotment of their amusing reforms. State Policy. With religions adhering added accent to alien anatomy than to 19th century India was lagging behind close reality, religious superstitions, began other countries with the prevalence of to affect all aspects of amusing life. caste system in the country. Untouchability Infanticide, adolescent marriage, and Sati were still in practice, and the polygamy, the afire of widows(sati) and literacy rate was actually low.