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Scalable Streaming Multimedia Delivery Using Peer-To-Peer Communication Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 06, 2021 Scalable Streaming Multimedia Delivery using Peer-to-Peer Communication Poderys, Justas Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Poderys, J. (2019). Scalable Streaming Multimedia Delivery using Peer-to-Peer Communication. Technical University of Denmarik. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. PhD Thesis DRAFT Scalable Streaming Multimedia Delivery using Peer- to-Peer Communication Justas Poderys Supervised by: Jose Soler, PhD, and Prof. Lars Dittmann, PhD Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark 2018 Cover image: c hermione13 / 123RF Stock Photo. Print license acquired. Technical University of Denmark Department Photonics Engineering Ørsteds Plads 343 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK Tel: (+45) 45 25 63 52 Fax: (+45) 45 93 65 81 Web: fotonik.dtu.dk E-mail: [email protected] Contents Abstract vii Resumé ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii List of Publications xv List of Figures xvii List of Tables xxi Glossary xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Thesis Organization .......................... 2 2 One-to-Many Communication 5 2.1 Network-Layer Multicast Communication .............. 6 2.2 Application Layer Multicasting .................... 8 2.3 Application Layer Multicast Protocols Operation .......... 18 2.4 Summary ................................ 27 3 Peer-to-Peer Client Structure 29 3.1 Peer-to-Peer Streaming Software Client Structure ........ 30 3.2 Tracker Interface ............................ 30 3.3 Peer Information ............................ 31 3.4 Data Storage .............................. 31 3.5 Data Requesting ............................ 32 3.6 Data Sending ............................. 32 iii iv Contents 3.7 Flow Control .............................. 33 3.8 Data Receiving ............................ 33 3.9 Multimedia Streaming ......................... 34 3.10 Multimedia Streaming Quality-of-Service Parameters ...... 39 3.11 Summary ................................ 41 4 Dataplane Congestion Control 43 4.1 Related work .............................. 44 4.2 LEDBAT Protocol ........................... 45 4.3 Experimental LEDBAT Parameters Investigation ......... 47 4.4 Using Boosted LEDBAT with PPSPP ................ 51 4.5 Integration Results .......................... 53 4.6 Summary and Discussion ...................... 55 5 Data-Requesting Algorithms 57 5.1 Requesting Algorithms in Literature ................. 57 5.2 Data-Requesting Algorithm ..................... 59 5.3 Experimental Algorithm Evaluation ................. 61 5.4 Summary ................................ 66 6 External Peers Ranking 67 6.1 Methods of evaluating nodes in the Internet ............ 68 6.2 Introduction to the ALTO Protocol .................. 72 6.3 ALTO Data-routing Cost Metrics ................... 74 6.4 ALTO Server and Experimental Setup ............... 78 6.5 Experimental Results ......................... 82 6.6 Summary ................................ 85 7 P2P Communication Over Wireless Connections 89 7.1 Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer .......................... 90 7.2 Adapting PPSPP for streaming over Wi-Fi P2P .......... 92 7.3 PPSPP Protocol Changes ...................... 93 7.4 Feasibility study ............................ 95 7.5 Experimental Setup .......................... 97 7.6 Evaluation Results – Start-up Time ................. 98 7.7 Evaluation Results – Playback Continuity ............. 100 7.8 In-train Multimedia Streaming .................... 101 7.9 In-train Streaming Experiment Setup ................ 103 7.10 In-train Streaming – Start-up Time ................. 104 7.11 In-train Streaming - Playback Continuity .............. 106 7.12 Summary ................................ 106 Contents v 8 P2P Communication in the Long Term Evolution Networks 109 8.1 LTE Networks Primer ......................... 109 8.2 Edge Caching in the Literature ................... 111 8.3 Edge Caching Proposal ....................... 112 8.4 Performance Evaluation ....................... 115 8.5 Extending Edge-caching Solution for P2P Communication ... 117 8.6 P2P Solution Experimental Evaluation ............... 120 8.7 Conclusions .............................. 121 9 Work Summary and Future Outlook 123 A PPSPP Messages 127 A.1 Handshake procedure ........................ 127 A.2 Data requesting and exchange ................... 128 A.3 Peers information requesting and exchange ............ 129 B TCP Congestion Control Mechanism 131 Combined Bibliography 133 vi Abstract Peer-to-Peer (P2P) refers to a communication paradigm, where each communication peer can act as a client and as a server. In P2P communication, information is disseminated from an information source to all the clients. At the same time, as information is stored in the client’s device, the clients become an information source to other clients as well. The origins of modern P2P communication are closely linked to file distribution. The first P2P communication programs that were widely adopted were used primarily to share non-streaming data, such as music recordings, films, games, and computer programs. However, with streaming multimedia gaining a larger and larger share of the global Internet data traffic (soon envisioned to reach 80%), P2P communication is seen as a viable method to reduce the communication load on the streaming multimedia servers. By employing P2P communication along with distributed multimedia content delivery networks (CDN), high-quality multimedia data can be delivered to a larger number of users using the same amount of servers infrastructure. This thesis investigates how P2P communication can be used to distribute streaming multimedia among multiple users. Specifically, it investigates how different algorithms, running in the Peer-to-Peer Streaming Peer Protocol (PPSPP) client, impact the start- up time and playback continuity of multimedia streams. As P2P communication is a cooperative process, this thesis investigates how requests for outstanding data should be divided among the connected peers to achieve high streaming continuity. During P2P multimedia streaming, in addition to receiving data from a multimedia server, clients also receive data from other peers. This thesis investigates how the Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) protocol can be tuned for use with P2P multimedia streaming while at the same time ensuring that the Internet connections of the connected peers are not congested. This thesis also presents ways to integrate P2P multimedia streaming with communication peers ranking provided by the Application Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) protocol. The final two chapters of this thesis are dedicated to performance measurement of P2P multimedia streaming over different wireless communication technologies. This work investigates how P2P multimedia streaming can be performed over the Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer connections. It also investigates methods of placing multimedia caches in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network base-stations, along with possibilities of implementing vii viii Abstract Peer-to-Peer communication using the same LTE infrastructure. Resumé Peer-to-Peer (P2P) henviser til et kommunikations paradigme, hvor hver kommunikations deltager kan opføre sig som en klient eller en server. I P2P kommunikation bliver informationen spredt ud fra en informations kilde til alle klienter. På samme tid, fordi informationen er gemt i klientens enhed, vil klienterne blive informationskilder til andre klienter. Oprindelsen af moderne P2P kommunikation er tæt forbundet med fildistribution. Først blev de vidt udbredte P2P kommunikationsprogrammer primært brugt til at dele ikke- streaming data, som for eksempel musik, optagelser, film, spil og computerprogrammer. Men fordi streaming multimedier optager en større og større del af den globale internetdata trafik (forudsagt til at nå 80%), bliver P2P kommunikation set som en realistisk metode til at reducere kommunikationsmængden på streaming multimedie serverne. Ved at benytte P2P kommunikation sammen med distribuerede multimedie Content Delivery Networks (CDN), kan multimediedata af høj kvalitet sendes ud til et større antal brugere, når der bruges den samme størrelse serverinfrastruktur. Denne afhandling undersøger hvordan P2P kommunikation kan bruges til at dis- tribuere streaming multimedier blandt et større antal brugere. Specifikt undersøges hvordan forskellige algoritmer, som kører Peer-to-Peer Streaming Peer Protocol (PPSPP) klienten, påvirker opstartstiden og playback kontinuiteten af multimedie strømme. P2P kommunikation er en samarbejdende proces, derfor undersøger denne afhandling hvordan forespørgsler fra udefrakommende data skal opdeles blandt de forbundne deltagere, for at opnå en høj streaming kontinuitet. Under en P2P multimedie streaming modtager
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