Acts Passed at the First Session of the Second Congress of the United
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N THE CUSTODY Or TME BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 5HELF N? %DAMS n/.7 ^. \ 1 ACT PASSED AT THE FIRST SESSION SECOND CONGRESS UNITED STATES'^ AMERICA. JEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON MONDAY tHE TWENTY-FOURTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-ONE Z AND OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES, THE SIXTEENTH. Ptiblisjetr bp 9[ut!;orttp. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED BY FRANCIS CHILDS AND JOHN SWAINE, Printers States, of the Laws of the United ^ AOAiyiStlf.-; Congrefs of the United States, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, ON V/EDNESDAY THE FOURTH OF MARCH, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE. THE Conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution expreffcd a defre, in order to prevent inifconflruttion or abufe of its pozvcrs, thatfurther declaratory and rc- firiEtive claufes fhould be added : And as extending the ground of public confidence in the government will bcjl enfiire the benifcent ends of its inftitution j ESOLVED by the Senate and Houfe of Repre- fentatives ofthe United States of America in Congrefs affembled, tivo thirds of both Houfes concurring. That the following articles be propofed to the legiflatures of the feveral dates, as amendments to the Conllitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three fourths of the faid legiflatures, to be valid to all intents and purjjofes, as part of the faid ConftitutioH j viz, ARTICLES in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution OF THE United States of Auzkic a, propofed by Congrefs, and ratifed by the Legiflatures of the feveral States, purfuant to t/i& fftli Article of the original Conflitution. Article tlie Firfi. AFTF.R the firft enumeration required by the firil article of the Conftitution, there fliall be onereprefen- tative for every thirty thoufand, until the number fiiall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion fhall be fo regulated by Congrefs, that there fliall be not lefs than one hundred reprefentatives, nor lefs than one reprefentative for every forty thoufand perfons, until the number of reprefentatives fhall amount to two hun- dred ; after which the proportion fliall be fo regulated by. Congrefs, that there fhall not be lefs than two hun- ; ( 4 ) dred reprefentatives, nor more than one reprefentative for every fifty thoufand perfons. Article the Secojid. No law varying the compenfation for the fervices of the fenators and reprefentatives, fhall take effect, until an eledion of reprefentatives fhall have intervened. Article the Third. Congrefs fhall make no law refpefting an eflablifh- ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercife there- of; or abridging the freedom of fpeech, or of the prefs or the right of the people peaceably to affemble, and to petition the government for a redrefs of grievances. Article the Fourth. A well regulated militia being necelTary to the fecu- rity of a free flate, the right of the people to keep and bear arms fhall not be infringed. Article the Fifth. No foldier fhall In time of peace be quartered in any houfe without the confent of the owner, nor in time of war^ but in a manner to be prefcribcd by law. Article the Sixth. The right of the people to be fecure in their perfons, houfes, papers, and effeds, againft unreafonabic fearches and feizures, fliall not be violated, and no warrants fhall ilfue, but upon probable caufe, fupported by oath or affirmation, and particularly defcribing the place to be fearched, and the perfons or things to be feized. Article the Seventh. No pcrfon fhall be held to anfwer for a capital or otherwife infamous crime, unlefs on a prefentment or indidment of a grand jury, except in cafes arifmg in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in adual fervice in time of war or public danger ; nor fliall any perfon be fubjedl for the fame offence to be twice put in jeopardy of lifp or limb j nor fliall be compelled in any C 5 ) criminal cafe to be a witnefs againfl himfelf, nor be de- prived of life, liberty or property, without due procefs of fhall private property law J nor be taken for public ufe without jufl compenfation. Article the Eighth. In all criminal profecutions the accufed fhall enjoy the right to a fpeedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the ftate and diftrift wherein the crime fhall have been committed, which diffcrid: fhall have been previoully afcertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and caufe of the accufation ; to be confronted with the wltneiTes againfl: him ; to have compulfory procefs for obtaining witneffes in his favor, and to have the afliflance of counfel for his defence. Article the Ninth. In fuits at common law, where the value in contro- verfy fhall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury fhall be preferved, and no fact, tried by a jury, fhall be otherwife re-examined in any court of the Uni- ted States, than according to the rules of the common law. Article the Tenth. Exceflive bail fhall not be required, nor exceflive fines impofed, nor cruel and unufual punifhments infiided. Article the Eleventh. The enumeration in the Conftitution, of certain right?, fhall not be conftrued to deny or difparage others re- tained by the people. Article the Twelfth. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Conftitution, nor prohibited by it to the flates, are re- ferred to the ftates refpedlively, or to the people. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG, Speaker of the Houfe of Reprefcntativcs. JOHN ADAMS, Vice- Prefident of the United States, and Prefident of the Senate. ^rjoHN Beckley, Clerk of the Hmfc of Reprefentativts. ^ LSam, a. Otis, Secretary of the Senate^ : ( 6 ) RATIFICATIONS of the AMENDMENTS io the Constitution of the United States. NEW-JERSEY. State of New-Jersey. An ACT to ratify on the part of this State certain Amendments to t/ie Conjlitution of the United States. WHEREAS the Congrefs of the United States, begun and held at the city of Ne\v-York,on Wed- nefday the fourth day of March, one thoufand feven hun- dred and eighty-nine, refolved, two-thirds ofbothHoufes concurring, That fundry articles be propofed to the le- giflatures of the feveral States as amendments to the Conftitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the faid le- giilatures, to be valid to all intents and purpofes as part of the faid Conftitution. And whereas the Prefident of the United States, did, in purfuance of a refoive of the Senate and Koufe of Re- prefentatives of the United States of America in Con- grefs affembled, tranfmit to the governor of this (late the amendments propofed by Congrefs, which were by him laid before the legiilalure for their conlideration. Where- fore, I . Be it ena&ed by the Council and General AJfemhly of this State, and it is hereby enaBed by the authority ofthefame ^ That the following articles propofed by Congrefs, in ad- dition to and amendment of the Conftitution of the United States, to wit [Here follow, verbatim, the firft, third, fourth, fifth, fixth, feventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth articles of the faid amendments, propofed by Congrefs to the legiilatures of the feveral ftates.J Be, and the fame are hereby ratified and adopted by the ftate of New-Jerfey. Hoiife of Affembly, l^ovember igth, 1789. This bill having been three limes read in this Houfe, Refolved, That the fame do pafs. By order of the Hotfc, JOHN BE A T T Y, Speaker. ( 7 ) Council-Cbamber, November 20, 1789. This bill having been three times read in Council, Refolved, That the fame do pafs. By order of the Hotife, WIL. LIVINGSTON, Pres'i. City of Burlington, State of New-Jerfey, Augt'Ji 3, A. D. 1790. THESE are to certify that the annexed law is a true COPY taken from the original, enrolled in my office. B O W E S R E E D, Scc'y, MARYLAND. An ACT to ratify certain Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Conflitution of the United States of America, propofed by Congrefs to the Lenjlatiires ojthefeveral States. TT 7 HEREAS it is provided by the fifth article of VV ^^^ Conflitution of the United States of Ame- rica, that Congrefs, vi^henever two-thirds of both Houfes fliall deem it neceffary, fhall propofe amendments to the faid Conflitution ; or on the application of the legiflatures of two-thirds of the feveral States, fhall call a conven- tion for propofmg amendments, which in either cafe fliall be valid to all intents and purpofes as part of the faid Conflitution, when ratified by the legiflatures of three- fourths of the feveral States, or by conventions in three- fourths thereof, as the one or the other modes of ratifi- cation may be propofed by the Congrefs. And whereas at a feflion of the United States, begun and held at the city of Nev/-York, on Wednefday the fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thou- fand feven hundred and eighty-nine, it was refolved by the Senate and Houfe of Reprefentatives of the faid United States in Congrefs affembled, two-thirds of both Houfes concurring, that the following articles be pro- pofed to the legiflatures of the feveral States, as amend- ments to the Conflitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of ( 8 ) the faid leglflatures, to be valid to all intents and pur- pofes, as part of the faid Conftitution, viz.