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1.2.2 Due Professori Greci Amici Di Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia: Elementi Inediti 34

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1.2.2 Due Professori Greci Amici Di Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia: Elementi Inediti 34 Scuola Dottorale di Ateneo Graduate School Dottorato di ricerca in Lingue, Culture e Società Moderne Ciclo XXVI Anno di discussione 2015 GIOVANNI COTTUNIO E GLI INTELLETTUALI GRECI A PADOVA NEL XVII SECOLO: DALLA MATRICE ACCADEMICA ALLA PROSPETTIVA PANELLENICA L-LIN/20: Lingua e Letteratura neogreca Tesi di Dottorato di Tatiana Bovo, matricola 955806 Coordinatrice del Dottorato Tutor della Dottoranda Prof. ssa Alessandra Giorgi Prof. ssa Caterina Carpinato INDICE INTRODUZIONE 7 GLI INTELLETTUALI GRECI A VENEZIA E A PADOVA 1.1 PREMESSA STORICA: LA PRESENZA GRECA A VENEZIA 1 1.1.1 BREVE CRONISTORIA DEI RAPPORTI FRA VENEZIA E IL MONDO BIZANTINO 1 1.1.2 LA COMUNITÀ GRECA DI VENEZIA: RICONOSCIMENTO RELIGIOSO E INTEGRAZIONE NELLA CITTÀ LAGUNARE 7 1.1.3 IL CONTRIBUTO DELLA CONFRATERNITA GRECO-VENEZIANA ALLA VITA INTELLETTUALE DELLA CITTÀ LAGUNARE 13 1.2 LA PRESENZA GRECA NELLA CITTÀ UNIVERSITARIA DELLA SERENISSIMA DURANTE IL XVII SECOLO 21 1.2.1 LA CITTÀ DI PADOVA E IL SUO STUDIUM 25 1.2.2 DUE PROFESSORI GRECI AMICI DI ELENA LUCREZIA CORNARO PISCOPIA: ELEMENTI INEDITI 34 1.2.3 LA MIGRAZIONE GRECA “DOTTA” NELLO STUDIO DI PADOVA 40 1.2.3.1 RICHIAMI AD UNA STORIA INIZIATA NEL XIV SECOLO 40 1.2.3.2 GLI INTELLETTUALI GRECI A PADOVA NEL XVII SECOLO: DALLA MATRICE ACCADEMICA ALLA PROSPETTIVA PANELLENICA 44 I COLLEGI PER STUDENTI DI LINGUA GRECA A PADOVA 2.1 UNA RISPOSTA A UN PROBLEMA EDUCATIVO ANCORA POCO INDAGATA 75 2.2 IL COLLEGIO “VENETO DE’ GRECI” O “PALEOCAPA” O DI “SAN ZUANNE” 82 2.2.1 L’ESECUZIONE DEL TESTAMENTO DI GIOSAFAT PALEOCAPA 82 2.2.2 IL COLLEGIO GRECO DELLA SERENISSIMA 86 2.2.3 IL COLLEGIO “VENETO DE’ GRECI”: UN RIFLESSO DI DELICATE QUESTIONI DI POLITICA VENEZIANA DELLA PRIMA METÀ DEL XVII SECOLO. 91 2.3 IL COLLEGIO “COTTUNIO” 104 2.3.1 IL SECONDO COLLEGIO GRECO DI PADOVA 104 2.3.2. LA POLEMICA CON L’AMICO LEONE ALLACCI SULL’UBICAZIONE DEL COLLEGIO 112 2.3.3 MAESTRI DEL COLLEGIO E FUNZIONAMENTO INTERNO 115 2.3.4 EPILOGO DEL COLLEGIO “COTTUNIO” 121 2.3.5 I TESTI GRECI DELLA BIBLIOTECA DEL COLLEGIO “COTTUNIO” 123 2.4 FUSIONE DEI COLLEGI GRECI E LORO STATUTI 127 2.4.1 LO STATUTO DEL COLLEGIO “PALEOCAPA” 128 2.4.2 LO STATUTO DEL COLLEGIO “COTTUNIO” 129 GIOVANNI COTTUNIO: INTELLETTUALE GRECO DELLO STUDIO PATAVINO 3.1 LE FONTI: LA “SFORTUNA” BIBLIOGRAFICA DI GIOVANNI COTTUNIO 131 3.2 LA BIOGRAFIA: UNA VITA DEDITA ALLO STUDIO E ALL’INSEGNAMENTO 136 3.2.1 IL VIAGGIO IN EUROPA E IL PERIODO ROMANO NEL COLLEGIO DI SANT’ATANASIO 136 3.2.2 IL PERIODO BOLOGNESE E LA PRIMA ESPERIENZA ACCADEMICA 143 3.2.3 IL PERIODO PADOVANO E L’APICE DELLA CARRIERA 147 3.3 IL PROFILO CULTURALE DI GIOVANNI COTTUNIO: UMANISTA GRECO E FILOSOFO PERIPATETICO DELLA SCUOLA PADOVANA 156 3.3.1 L’ATTIVITÀ UMANISTICA DI COTTUNIO: COINVOLGIMENTO PERSONALE E SPESSORE- QUALITATIVO 158 3.3.2 IL COINVOLGIMENTO DI COTTUNIO NELLE DISPUTE DEL SUO TEMPO 163 3.3.2.1 “LA GRAZIA NELLA CONTRARIETÀ DELLE OPINIONI”: PRESENZA DI COTTUNIO NEI CARTEGGI DI GALILEO GALILEI 167 3.4 TESTIMONIANZE STORICHE INEDITE SU GIOVANNI COTTUNIO 177 3.4.1 IL “GIORNALE DI MANO” DEL PROFESSORE VERIOTA 177 3.4.2 L’AMICIZIA CON GIACOMO CAIMO: UNA LETTERA INEDITA 188 L’EREDITA’ IMMORTALE DI “ALCIDE PHILELLENI” TRA I SUOI CONTEMPORANEI 4.1 LE RACCOLTE POETICHE 193 4.1.1 LE RACCOLTE CURATE IN OCCASIONE DEL CONFERIMENTO DI TITOLI ACCADEMICI 193 4.1.2 LA RACCOLTA PALLADIS LACRYMAE 206 4.2 IMMORTALITATI ALCIDII PHILELLENI 209 4.2.1 CONSIDERAZIONI GENERALI E SCOPO DELL’OPERA 209 4.2.2 DESCRIZIONE DELL’OPERA 210 4.2.3 QUIS ERGO EST ALCIDES? LA LETTERA DEDICATORIA 212 4.2.4 COMMENTO E IMPORTANZA DELL’OPERA PER LA RICERCA 218 APPENDICE ICONOGRAFICA E DOCUMENTARIA 224 BIBLIOGRAFIA 248 ESTRATTO PER RIASSUNTO DELLA TESI DI DOTTORATO 267 ABBREVIAZIONI ASP: Archivio di Stato di Padova ASU: Archivio di Stato di Udine ASUP: Archivio per la Storia dell’Università di Padova ASV: Archivio di Stato di Venezia BCP: Biblioteca Civica di Padova BUP: Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova BNM: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana BNF: Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze BNP: Biblioteca Nazionale di Parigi R.I.P.: Raccolta Iconografica Padovana CRITERI DI TRASCRIZIONE DELLE FONTI ANTICHE In base alle norme redazionali dell’Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Storici, ho sciolto le abbreviazioni dei documenti originali tra parentesi tonde e ho seguito l’accentazione moderna così come l’uso della distinzione tra “u” e “v”. Ho regolato l’uso delle maiuscole e dei segni d’interpunzione dove necessario. Le lacune colmate sono indicate tra parentesi quadre [abc], mentre le parti non comprensibili sono indicate da parentesi quadre e tre puntini […]. Le integrazioni supposte sono segnalate fra parentesi uncinate <abc>. TRASLITTERAZIONI DAL GRECO Dal momento che il Dottorato in Lingue Letterature e Società moderne riunisce studiosi e ricercatori afferenti a cattedre di numerose lingue straniere, ho ritenuto opportuno traslitterare nel presente lavoro i caratteri greci. In particolare, i nomi delle personalità dotte di lingua greca sono seguiti dal nome italianizzato corrispondente, se presente nella tradizione bibliografica, altrimenti sono seguiti dalla semplice traslitterazione in caratteri latini. INTRODUZIONE La presente ricerca si propone di approfondire l’attività educativa, intellettuale e accademica degli esponenti della diaspora greca durante il XVII secolo, con particolare riferimento alla prima metà del Seicento. Non si è mai parlato di “comunità” greco patavina come per la confraternita greco veneziana, la comunità ellenica di Trieste o di altre realtà organizzate dal punto di vista religioso o sociale in diverse città della penisola italiana, ed è probabilmente a tal motivo che sino ad ora la ricerca ha spesso sottolineato poco audacemente l’importanza della formazione che numerosi greci ricevettero a Padova. Benché gli studi riguardo ai rapporti greco-veneti siano molto ampi e osservati dalla critica, il tema specifico è stato trattato soprattutto da esperti greci, i cui ultimi apporti riguardo al contesto padovano risalgono agli anni Settanta. Il tema non è quindi del tutto nuovo, ma non è mai stato ben affrontato in relazione all’impatto che l’attività degli intellettuali greci ebbe nell’ambiente culturale locale. Ho cercato dunque di affrontare il tema attraverso un approccio integrato, che potesse unire i dati provenienti dalle fonti greche con le informazioni contenute negli studi italiani relativi alla cultura locale della città e alla storia dell’Università di Padova. L’istituzione che attirava e riuniva attorno a sé gli studenti e gli intellettuali di lingua greca era infatti il noto Studium Patavinum, considerato come opportunità di formazione e di erudizione, e normalmente collegato ad altri ambienti culturali come l’Accademia dei Ricovrati o la Libreria dello Studio. Qui i greci, oltre a formare se stessi, ebbero un ruolo attivo anche nella formazione della loro coscienza nazionale, affermatasi compiutamente con la rivoluzione del 1821. Nomi come Κύριλλος Λούκαρις/Kirillos Lukaris (1572-1638) e Θεόφιλος Κοριδαλεύς/Theofilos Korydalleus (1570-1645), sono ben noti nell’ambito degli studi neogreci, ma molte altre furono le personalità di lingua greca culturalmente attive non solo una volta tornate nelle loro terre d’origine, ma anche rimanendo a Padova e inserendosi nella società locale, insegnando come docenti universitari e diventando collaboratori della Serenissima come ambasciatori, filologi e avvocati. Ho cercato quindi di mettere in luce alcune personalità meno note nell’ambito degli studi italiani, e di far risaltare il loro legame con l’ambiente intellettuale padovano o veneziano, come si può notare ad esempio dai documenti inediti che ho recuperato presso l’Archivio di Stato di Udine, dove si trova traccia dell’amicizia di Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia (1646- 1684), prima donna laureata al mondo, con il medico greco Γεώργιος Καλαφάτης/Giorgio Calafati (1652-1720). Gli esponenti della diaspora ellenica stabilitisi a Padova non si chiusero tuttavia soltanto nei loro circoli intellettuali e accademici, ma si occuparono altresì dei propri “connazionali”, come nel caso di Ιωσαφάτ Παλαιόκαπας/Giosafat Paleocapa e Ιωάννης Κωττούνιος/Giovanni Cottunio (1572-1657), che fondarono due collegi per giovani studenti greci proprio nella città del Santo. Sfruttando i risultati delle ricerche d’archivio finora esistenti e contribuendo personalmente al reperimento di alcuni documenti inediti, nel presente lavoro ho voluto tracciare la storia di queste due istituzioni, il collegio Paleocapa (dal 1633) e il collegio Cottunio (dal 1653). Spesso messi in secondo piano rispetto ai collegi greci S. Atanasio di Roma e Flangini di Venezia, le vicende dei collegi padovani risultano invece particolarmente interessanti, come esporrò nel secondo capitolo, oltre che dal punto di vista della storia dell’istruzione greca, anche dal punto di vista delle scelte in materia di politica ecclesiastica della Serenissima, poiché inserite nell’orbita delle complicate relazioni tra Venezia, la Santa Sede e il Levante ortodosso. Ho voluto inoltre approfondire, nel terzo e nel quarto capitolo, l’interessante figura di Giovanni Cottunio, esponente intellettuale di spicco tra i greci patavini della prima metà del XVII secolo. Anche in questa fase ho cercato di procedere attraverso la sistematica integrazione dei contributi di studiosi greci sull’argomento con altre opere di storia locale e letteraria, cercando di inserire effettivamente la figura di Giovanni Cottunio all’interno del contesto storico padovano, analizzando ad esempio la sua presenza nel carteggio galileiano e commentando per la prima volta il suo diario o “Foglio di mano” presente nell’Archivio per la Storia dell’Università di Padova. Dal punto di vista letterario, ho cercato infine di analizzare alcune raccolte poetiche in onore di Giovanni Cottunio o da lui stesso curate. Tali raccolte sono tutte inedite o parzialmente inedite e permettono, forse per la prima volta con una certa sistematicità, di rilevare il grado di apprezzamento di Cottunio come benefattore dei greci, come docente universitario patavino e come collaboratore attivo alla causa della “Grecia” occupata.
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