DOCSLIB.ORG

The Labor Situation in Japan 2001/2002

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Labor Situation in Japan 2001/2002 The Japan Institute of Labour The Japan Institute of Labour (JIL) is engaged in the comprehensive research and study of labor problems, collecting and classifying information and data both domesti- cally and internationally, and publicizing them. Another important role of JIL is to inform labor, management and the general public in order to deepen understanding and knowledge of labor problems (Article 1, the Japan Institute of Labour Law). 1. Comprehensive Research and Study on Labor Issues Amid rapid changes in industry and the employment structure in recent years and drastic development of the international community, such as the end of the Cold War, labor issues are becoming increasingly complicated and diversified. In order to cope with such changes, the JIL carries out comprehensive research and study from mid- and long-term perspectives. (1) Research and study for the purpose of providing foundations for assessing, analyzing, and planning of labor policies. (2) Research and study for supporting workers’ efforts to find an appropriate job. (3) Research and study for providing foundations for forming mutual understanding between labor and management. 2. Collection and Provision of Information on Labor Issues The Institute provides you with various types of labor-related information, systematically collected in Japan and overseas, through the Internet, newspapers, books, videos and other media. (1) Provision of information via the Internet (2) Operation of an open center of specialized books and materials (3) Issuance of various publications 3. International Exchanges that Promote Understanding of Labor Issues With progress in international cooperation and the rapid globalization of economies, it is increasingly vital that international mutual understanding be further enhanced. To this end, the JIL conducts surveys on labor issues in respective countries, sponsors seminars and lectures, invites those engaged in labor affairs from abroad. The JIL also introduces the Japanese situa- tion to foreign audiences concerned with labor issues. The Labor Situation in Japan 2001/2002 The Japan Institute of Labour Contents Chapter I The Economy, Industries, and Corporations .......................................................................... 2 1 The Japanese Economy: Current Situation and Outlook for the Future .................................................... 2 2 Japanese Management Systems ............................................................................................................... 6 Chapter II The Labor Markets .................................................................................................................... 8 1 Population ................................................................................................................................................ 8 2 Labor Force ............................................................................................................................................ 11 3 Changes in Employment Structures ........................................................................................................ 13 4 Diversification of the Employment Structure .......................................................................................... 15 5 Employment Trends and Changes in the Employment Structure ............................................................ 17 Chapter III Human Resource Management ........................................................................................... 20 1 The Long-term Employment System ....................................................................................................... 20 2 Recruitment ............................................................................................................................................ 24 3 Assignments and Transfers ..................................................................................................................... 27 4 Wage System ......................................................................................................................................... 29 5 Payment System ..................................................................................................................................... 31 6 Company Benefits .................................................................................................................................. 34 7 Career Development through In-house Training and Education ............................................................. 37 8 Mandatory Retirement System ............................................................................................................... 41 Chapter IV Labor Relations ....................................................................................................................... 44 1 Labor Unions .......................................................................................................................................... 44 2 Union Organization ................................................................................................................................ 48 3 Characteristics of Enterprise Unions ....................................................................................................... 50 4 Structure and Function of Enterprise Unions .......................................................................................... 53 5 Collective Bargaining and Labor-Management Consultation System ..................................................... 59 6 Shunto: Spring Wage Offensive ............................................................................................................. 63 Chapter V Labor Laws and Labor Administrations ............................................................................... 66 1 Employment Measures ........................................................................................................................... 66 2 Policies Designated to Secure Employment for Older and Disabled Workers .......................................... 70 3 Public Job Introduction System ............................................................................................................... 75 4 Measures to Shorten Working Hours ..................................................................................................... 77 5 The Minimum Wage System .................................................................................................................. 79 6 Industrial Safety and Health .................................................................................................................... 81 7 Gender Equal Employment Policies ........................................................................................................ 84 8 The Child Care and Family Care Leave ................................................................................................... 85 9 Public Vocational Training Policies ........................................................................................................... 88 10 The System of Labor Relations Commissions .......................................................................................... 92 Chapter VI Social Security Systems ........................................................................................................... 94 1 Medical System ...................................................................................................................................... 94 2 The Pension System ................................................................................................................................ 98 ii The Labor Situation in Japan 2001 Contents for Tables and Figures Chapter I I-1 Real GDP Growth and the Unemployment Rate ................................................................................ 3 I-2 Labor Force Statistics .......................................................................................................................... 4 I-3 The Unemployed and the Unemployment Rate ................................................................................. 4 I-4 Changes in Real GDP, Number of Workers, and Real Wage Rates in the Advanced Nations .............. 5 I-5 Objectives and Reasons for Establishing an Affiliate within Japan ...................................................... 7 I-6 Personnel Adjustment Status by Industry ........................................................................................... 7 Chapter II II-1 Current Situation of the Total Population and Population Increase Ratio and Future Population Projections: 1940–2050 ........................................................................................ 8 II-2 Changes in Population Pyramids: Medium Population Growth .......................................................... 9 II-3 Changes in Registered Alien Population by Nationality .................................................................... 10 II-4 Labor Force Population .................................................................................................................... 12 II-5 Changes in the Labor Force ............................................................................................................. 12 II-6 Changes in the Labor Force by Age Group ...................................................................................... 12 II-7 Changes in the Labor Force Participation Ratio by Sex and Age: 1960–2000 .................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Collective Employee Representation Systems in France and Japan1
    Isabelle VERRET ROUSSEL Research Fellow COLLECTIVE EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATION SYSTEMS IN JAPAN AND FRANCE August 9th 2006 1 First Part: The characteristics of employee representation systems in Japan and France .............................................................................................................................. 7 I. The traditional form of employee representation systems: labor unions........................ 7 A. The organizations of labor unions ...................................................................................................7 B. The features and functions of labor unions....................................................................................11 C. The structure of labor unions.........................................................................................................18 Conclusions on the characteristics of labor unions in each country:..................................................21 II. The evolution of employee representation systems........................................................ 22 A. The development of non-union representation systems in Japan ..................................................22 B. The recognition of new actors for negotiations in France .............................................................25 III. The role of the government in the relations between labor and management representatives ....................................................................................................................... 27 A. The indirect and guiding
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Human Resources and Promoting Diversity
    Material Issue 5 Developing Human Resources and Promoting Diversity Fact Our Action Global Gender Gap Index Ranking Insurance companies deal with intangible products. In order by Country (2012) for us to achieve prolonged growth by continuing to appeal to customers, it is therefore important that we develop a workforce Economic participation Educational Health and Political and opportunity attainment survival empowerment of capable individuals who can provide our customers with real 0 0.50 1.00 0 0.50 1.00 0 0.50 1.00 0 0.50 1.00 1st: Iceland value. Japan is expected to face a serious shortage of manpower 0.7540 1.0000 0.9696 0.7325 Overall score: 0.8640 in the near future due to the rapidly declining birthrate and 2nd: Finland Overall score: 0.8451 0.7847 1.0000 0.9796 0.6162 shrinking working-age population. Furthermore, globally 3rd: Norway Overall score: 0.8403 0.8300 1.0000 0.9697 0.5616 competitive personnel who feel comfortable with a broad range 13th: Germany of values, customs, and business styles are becoming essential Overall score: 0.7629 0.7399 0.9848 0.9780 0.3488 18th: United Kingdom for companies that are increasing their presence in overseas 0.7305 0.9993 0.9698 0.2737 Overall score: 0.7433 markets in line with economic globalization. 22nd: United States Overall score: 0.7373 0.8143 1.0000 0.9792 0.1557 As part of its efforts to enhance the capabilities of each 55th: Singapore Overall score: 0.6989 0.7876 0.9409 0.9719 0.0951 employee, the NKSJ Group is actively promoting workplace 65th: Thailand Overall score: 0.6893 0.6990 0.9888 0.9796 0.0898 diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Aging Society
    Aging Society FORUM REPORT 005 Aging Society Reexaming Japan in Global Context Forum, Tokyo, Japan, January 13, 2014 Population Aging: Unwinding the Demographic Dividend David K. Foot Department of Economics, University of Toronto The population of the world has been aging for at least 40 better education, which, especially when experienced by years as a result of increasing longevity and decreasing fertil- women, lowers birth rates and population growth thereby ity. Developed countries experienced aging first, but now it is increasing per capita incomes and wealth during Stage III. also being experienced in the increasingly wealthy countries Stage IV is characterised by low birth and death rates and of the developing world. The record in the least developed hence slower population and economic growth, but higher countries is mixed, but many of them also have aging popu- levels of accumulated wealth. More recently, increasing death lations. rates in aging populations have resulted in negative popula- These patterns are consistent with demographic transition tion growth and shrinking population size, with associated theory, which postulates four (or five) stages of population challenges for economic growth. This can be labelled Stage growth and economic development. Stage I is characterised V. Because demographic transition theory is based on a com- by high birth and high death rates resulting in slow popula- bination of lower death rates (or increasing longevity) and tion and low economic growth. In Stage II, economic growth decreasing birth (or fertility) rates over time, it is effectively a results in better public health and a decrease in death rates, theory of population aging.
    [Show full text]
  • Murakami Haruki's Short Fiction and the Japanese Consumer Society By
    Murakami Haruki’s Short Fiction and the Japanese Consumer Society By © 2019 Jacob Clements B.A. University of Northern Iowa, 2013 Submitted to the graduate degree program in East Asian Language and Cultures and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ___________________________ Chair: Dr. Elaine Gerbert ___________________________ Dr. Margaret Childs ___________________________ Dr. Ayako Mizumura Date Defended: 19 April 2019 The thesis committee for Jacob Clements certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Murakami Haruki’s Short Fiction and the Japanese Consumer Society _________________________ Chair: Dr. Elaine Gerbert Date Approved: 16 May 2019 ii Abstract This thesis seeks to describe the Japanese novelist Murakami Haruki’s continuing critique of Japan’s modern consumer-oriented society in his fiction. The first chapter provides a brief history of Japan’s consumer-oriented society, beginning with the Meiji Restoration and continuing to the 21st Century. A literature review of critical works on Murakami’s fiction, especially those on themes of identity and consumerism, makes up the second chapter. Finally, the third chapter introduces three of Murakami Haruki’s short stories. These short stories, though taken from three different periods of Murakami’s career, can be taken together to show a legacy of critiquing Japan’s consumer-oriented society. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my committee, Dr. Maggie Childs and Dr. Ayako Mizumura, for their guidance and support throughout my Master's degree process. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Elaine Gerbert her guidance throughout my degree and through the creation of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transformation of Japanese Employment Relations
    The Transformation of Japanese Employment Relations 9780230_209084_01_prexiv.indd i 11/25/2010 8:21:42 PM 9780230_209084_01_prexiv.indd ii 11/25/2010 8:21:43 PM The Transformation of Japanese Employment Relations Reform without Labor Jun Imai Assistant Professor, Center for the Study of Social Stratification and Inequality, Tohoku University 9780230_209084_01_prexiv.indd iii 11/25/2010 8:21:43 PM © Jun Imai 2011 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Masaaki Shirakawa: Toward Strengthening the Competitiveness and Growth Potential of Japan’S Economy
    Masaaki Shirakawa: Toward strengthening the competitiveness and growth potential of Japan’s economy Speech by Mr Masaaki Shirakawa, Governor of the Bank of Japan, at the Executive Member Meeting of the Policy Board of Nippon Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), Tokyo, 28 February 2013. * * * Introduction It is a great honor to have this opportunity to address the executive member meeting of the Policy Board of Nippon Keidanren today. Before I start, let me express my deepest appreciation for the information and views on current developments in economic and financial activities as well as on policy conduct provided to us by all the member firms. Today’s speech is the last one I will give as Governor of the Bank of Japan. However, it was not difficult for me to decide today’s main topic, “toward strengthening the competitiveness and growth potential of Japan’s economy”, because it is the most pressing issue for Japan at present. It is also a very important theme for the Bank of Japan. As you know, at the Monetary Policy Meeting in January, the Bank decided to introduce a “price stability target” and set it at 2 percent.1 This target was introduced based on the recognition that progress would be made by a wide range of entities in their efforts toward strengthening the competitiveness and growth potential of Japan’s economy (Chart 1). For this reason, it is extremely important in conducting monetary policy whether such efforts will actually make progress. In the following, I would like to talk about this theme while paying due regard to the perspectives of macroeconomics, corporate behavior, and economic policymaking.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual on Labor-Management Relations (2014)
    Manual on Labor-Management Relations: Japanese Experiences and Best Practices Manual on Labor-Management Relations: Japanese Experiences and Best Practices 2014 Manual on Labor-Management Relations: Japanese Experiences and Best Practices First published in Japan by Asian Productivity Organization Leaf Square Hongo Building, 2F 1-24-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033, Japan www.apo-tokyo.org © 2014 Asian Productivity Organization The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) or any APO member. The APO is not responsible for the accuracy, usability, and safety of its contents. All rights reserved. None of the contents of this publication may be used, reproduced, stored, or transferred in any form or by any means for commercial purposes without prior written permission from the APO. ISBN 978-92-833-2454-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-92-833-2455-3 (PDF) 200.10.2014 Designed and Printed by Joho Print Corporation, Japan CONTENTS FOREWORD……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… vii SPECIAL MESSAGE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ix 1. THE JAPANESE STYLE OF LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS ………………………………… 1 1-1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1-2. Concepts and Characteristics of Labor-Management Relations …………………………………… 1 1-2-1. Broad Meaning of Labor-Management Relations …………………………………………………… 1 1-2-2. Characteristics and Features of Labor-Management Relations ……………………………… 2 1-3. Background of the Formation of the Japanese Style of Labor-Management Relations 3 1-3-1. A New Phase of Economic Development ………………………………………………………………… 3 1-3-2. Intense Labor-Management Conflicts …………………………………………………………………… 4 1-4. Background of the Formation of the Japanese Style of Labor-Management Relations 8 1-4-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Handbook of Japan 2013, Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan
    STATISTICAL HANDBOOK OF JAPAN 2013 © 2013 by Statistics Bureau Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan All rights reserved. Edited and Published by Statistics Bureau Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan 19-1 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8668 Japan Printed in Japan ISSN 0081-4792 http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/index.htm Preface This handbook is designed to provide a clear and coherent overview of present-day Japan through statistics. It provides statistical tables, figures, maps and photographs to portray conditions in modern-day Japan from a variety of perspectives, including demographics, economic and social trends, and culture. Most of the comments and statistical data for this purpose have been drawn from principal statistical publications available from government and other leading sources. For more in-depth statistical information on Japan, readers are invited to peruse the Japan Statistical Yearbook. We hope that this booklet will serve as a guide in your search for knowledge about Japan. We are always happy to receive opinions or requests from readers. You can also view the contents of this booklet on the website of the Statistics Bureau. September 2013 Masahiko SUE Director-General Statistics Bureau Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan Notes for Users 1. The present issue contains statistics that became available by June 30, 2013. 2. Unless otherwise indicated, "year" refers to the calendar year and "fiscal year" refers to the 12 months beginning April 1 of the year stated. 3. Metric units are used in all tables and figures in which the data are measured in weight, volume, length or area.
    [Show full text]
  • How Immigration Can Boost the Japanese Economy by Mitigating the Effects of Population Aging
    105 MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol. 9, No. 16 ACTUALIDAD EN ASIA 2020-1 S-F / Shutterstock.com How immigration can boost the Japanese economy by mitigating the effects of population aging Dionisio Andres Castillo Lozano Abstract Universidad EAFIT The economic impact of immigration depends on the characteristics of [email protected] the host countries. Immigration has had positive results in countries like the USA, Australia, Canada, and the UK. This paper seeks to demonstrate how Japan would also benefit from immigration. The main barrier to implementing inclusive policies in Japan is the longstanding cultural belief, that immigrants are invaders instead of equal who can enjoy the same rights as native-born Japanese. The aging of Japan’s population is affecting its labor market where there is more demand than supply, meaning that the overall economy is run- ning below its potential. In order to match demand with supply, Japan needs to contemplate the plausible option of letting in more immigrants to fill up vacancies. If Japan fails to do this, it will see a decline in its output capacity, meaning that it will lose competitiveness and productivity with adverse effects on the economy. Key Words: Zainichi Koreans, total fertility rate, sectoral output, gross national product, skilled immigrant, unskilled immigrant. 106 MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol. 9, No. 16 Resumen El impacto de la inmigración en la economía del país receptor tiene dife- rentes ramificaciones según las características de estos. La inmigración ha tenido resultados positivos en países como EE. UU., Australia, Canadá y Rei- no Unido.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of the Japanese Labor Movement Takano Fusatarō
    The Birth of the Japanese Labor Movement Takano Fusatarō. (Courtesy of Iwanami Shoten) The Birth of the Japanese Labor Movement TAKANO FUSATARŌ AND THE RŌDŌ KUMIAI KISEIKAI Stephen E. Marsland Open Access edition funded by the National En- dowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Inter- national (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non- commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/li- censes/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Creative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copy- righted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824883874 (PDF) 9780824883867 (EPUB) This version created: 5 September, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. © 1989 University of Hawaii Press All Rights Reserved CONTENTS Preface ix 1 The Setting 1 2 Takano Fusatarō 46 3 Birth of the Labor Movement 62 4 The Metalworkers’ Union 74 5 Growth of the Labor Movement 87 6 The Turning Point 112 7 Crisis and Collapse 126 8 Legacy of the Movement 148 Appendixes 159 A Constitution of the Alliance for Industrial Organization 161 B Constitution of the Tokyo Ship Carpenters’ Union 167 C “A Summons to the Workers” 172 D Rules of the Rōdō Kumiai Kiseikai 180 E Constitution of the Metalworkers’ Union 183 F Constitution of the Reform Society 195 G Printers’ Friendly Association Rules 201 H Proposed Factory Law of 1898 204 I Constitution of the Printers’ Union 211 J Reference Tables 220 Notes 225 Bibliography 249 Index 267 viii PREFACE This work has two purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographics of Japan 1 Demographics of Japan
    Demographics of Japan 1 Demographics of Japan The demographic features of the population of Japan include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. As of March 2009, Japan's population is 127,076,183,[1] making it the world's tenth most populated country. Its size can be attributed to fast growth rates experienced during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After having experienced net population loss over a number of years, due to falling birth rates and almost no net immigration, despite having one of the highest life expectancies in the world, at 81.25 years of age as of 2006,[2] Japan's population rose for a Birth and death rates of Japan since 1950 second year in a row in 2009,[3] mainly because more Japanese returned to Japan than left. The population of Japan in 2000, at New Year, was 127 million. Its population density was 336 people per square kilometer. The population ranking of Japan dropped from 7th to 8th in 1990 and from 8th to 9th in 1998 and 10th since. Urban distribution Japan is an urban society with about only 5% of the labor force engaged in agriculture. Many farmers supplement their income with part-time jobs in nearby towns and cities. About 80 million of the urban population is heavily concentrated on the Pacific shore of Honshū. Metropolitan Tokyo-Yokohama, with 35,000,000 people, is the world's most populous city. Japan faces the same problems that confront urban industrialized societies throughout the world: over-crowded cities and congested highways.
    [Show full text]
  • Labor Relations in the United States and Japan: the Role of the Enterprise in Labor-Management Relations
    Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review Volume 9 Number 3 Article 3 6-1-1987 Labor Relations in the United States and Japan: The Role of the Enterprise in Labor-Management Relations Derek H. Wilson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/ilr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Derek H. Wilson, Labor Relations in the United States and Japan: The Role of the Enterprise in Labor- Management Relations, 9 Loy. L.A. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 577 (1987). Available at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/ilr/vol9/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Labor Relations In The United States And Japan: The Role Of The Enterprise In Labor-Management Relations DEREK H. WILSON* I. INTRODUCTION The image of Japanese labor relations is one of harmony and co- operation between management and labor. American business man- agers, among others, have looked enviously at the ability of their Japanese counterparts to avoid the degree of industrial unrest so often encountered in this country's industrial relations. Indeed, many com- mentators have argued that only by studying and applying Japanese management principles may the United States maintain its dominant position in the world economy. Uncritical endorsement of this ap- proach, however, could prove both difficult and ultimately damaging to American labor relations.
    [Show full text]