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Books and Journal Articles

Barry, Frank. ‘Outward Economic Development and the Irish Education System.’ Irish Educational Studies 33, no. 2 (2014): 213–223. Blake, Donal S. St. Mary’s Marino Generalate and Teacher College Century of Educational Leadership, 1904–2004. Dublin: Marino Institute of Education, 2005. Boyer, Ernest. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate, A Special Report for the Carnegie Foundation. Princeton: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1990. Burke, Mary Rose. ‘Women Staf in the RTC Sector.’ In HEEU Conference Proceedings, 22–23 September 1995. Accessed 1 September 2017. https:// www.ucc.ie/publications/heeu/womenstf/2_burke.htm#top. Byrne, Delma, and Selina McCoy. ‘Efectively Maintained Inequality in Educational Transitions in the Republic of Ireland.’ American Behavioural Scientist 61, no. 1 (2017): 49–73. 500 Bibliography

CIRCA. A Comparative International Assessment of the Organisation, Management and Funding of University Research in Ireland and Europe. HEA, 1996. Clark, Burton. Te Higher Education System Academic Organisation in Cross- National Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983. Clarke, Marie. ‘Te Development of Vocational and Technical Education in Ireland, 1930–2015.’ In Essays in the History of Irish Education, edited by Brendan Walsh, 297–319. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Clancy, Patrick, and Ciaran Benson. Higher Education in Dublin a Study of Some Emerging Trends. Dublin: HEA, 1979. Clancy, Patrick. Who Goes to College: A Second National Survey of Participation in Higher Education. Dublin: HEA, 1988. Clancy, Patrick. ‘Te Evolution of Policy in Tird-Level Education.’ In Irish Educational Policy: Process and Substance, edited by D. G. Mulcahy and Denis O’Sullivan, 99–132. Dublin: IPA, 1989. Clancy, Patrick. Irish Higher Education a Comparative Perspective. Dublin: IPA, 2015. Coleman, Marie. IFUT—A History 1963–1999. Dublin: IFUT, 2000. Conway, Paul, and Rosaleen Murphy. ‘A Rising Tide Meets a Perfect Storm: New Accountabilities in Teaching and Teacher Education in Ireland.’ Irish Educational Studies 32, no. 1 (March 2013): 11–36. Cooke, Jim. A History of the Irish Vocational Education Association 1902–2002. Dublin: IVEA, 2009. Coolahan, John. ‘From Royal University to National University.’ In Te National University of Ireland 1908–2008 Centenary Essays, edited by Tom Dunne, John Coolahan, Maurice Manning, and Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh, 3–18. Dublin: UCD Press, 2008. Coolahan, John. Towards the Era of Lifelong Learning A History of Irish Education, 1800–2016. Dublin: IPA, 2017. Coolahan, John. ‘Te NUI and the Changing Structure of Higher Education.’ In Te National University of Ireland 1908–2008 Centenary Essays, edited by Tom Dunne, John Coolahan, Maurice Manning, and Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh, 261–79. Dublin: UCD Press, 2008. Coolahan, John. ‘Higher Education in Ireland.’ In A New History of Ireland, 1921–84, vol. 7, edited by J. R. Hill, 757–795. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Duf, Tomas, Joe Hegarty, and Matthew Hussey, eds. Te Story of the Dublin Institute of Technology. Dublin: Book Gallery, 2000. Accessed 1 February 2016. http://arrow.dit.ie/ditpress/1. Bibliography 501

Duncan, Mark, Eoin Kinsella, and Paul Rouse. National College of Ireland: Past, Present, Future. Dublin: Te Lifey Press, 2007. Fahey, Tony, and John FitzGerald. ‘Te Educational Revolution and Demographic Change.’ In Medium Term Review 1997–2003, edited by David Dufy, John FitzGerald, Ide Kearney, and Fergal Shortall, 7–33. Dublin: ESRI, 1997. Fanning, Ronan. ‘T.K. Whitaker 1976–96.’ In Te National University of Ireland 1908–2008 Centenary Essays, edited by Tom Dunne, John Coolahan, Maurice Manning, and Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh, 146–62. Dublin: UCD Press, 2008. Ferlie, Ewan, Christine Musselin, and Gianluca Andresani. ‘Te Steering of Higher Education Systems: A Public Management Perspective.’ Higher Education 56, no. 3 (2009): 325–348. Ferriter, Diarmaid. Te Transformation of Ireland 1900–2000. London: Profle, 2004. Ferriter, Diarmuid. Ambiguous Republic: Ireland in the 1970s. London: Profle, 2012. Ferriter, Diarmuid. “‘For God’s Sake Send Me a Few Packets of Fags’: Te College, 1922–45.” In St. Patrick’s College Drumcondra 1875–2000 a History, edited by James Kelly, 133–57. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2006. FitzGerald, Garret. All in a Life. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1991. FitzGerald, John, Ide Kearney, Edgar Morgenroth, and Diarmuid Smyth. National Investment Priorities for the Period 2000 to 2006. Dublin: ESRI, 1999. Fleming, Ted, Andrew Loxley, and Fergal Finnegan, eds. Access and Participation in Irish Higher Education. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Fuller, Louise. Irish Catholicism Since 1950: Te Undoing of a Culture. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 2002. Garvin, Tom. ‘A Confederacy of Dunces: Te Assault on Higher Education in Ireland.’ In Degrees of Nonsense the Demise of the University in Ireland, edited by Brendan Walsh, 65–87. Dublin: Glasnevin Press, 2012. Geiger, R. L. Private Sectors in Higher Education: Structure, Function and Change in Eight Countries. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1986. Gleeson, Jim. ‘Te European Credit Transfer System and Curriculum Design: Product Before Process?’ Studies in Higher Education 38, no. 6 (2013): 921–38. Accessed 16 October 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.610101. Harford, Judith. ‘Women and the Irish University Question.’ In Have Women Made a Diference? Women in Irish Universities, 1850–2010, edited by Judith Harford and Claire Rush, 7–24. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2010. 502 Bibliography

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Note on Interviews

Te interviews fell into two distinct categories. A number of interviews were conducted with recent participants in the policy-making process who dis- cussed their recollections on the basis of anonymity and confdentiality. Tese interviews have been anonymised and these interviewees are iden- tifed only by pseudonym (for example, Interviewee A): the data has been kept confdential and is being used only for the purpose of this study. Interviews were also conducted with retired politicians, civil servants and aca- demics, where it was not possible to achieve anonymity: in this instance no guarantee of anonymity was given. All interviews were conducted in accord- ance with the terms of the approval granted for this research project by the School of Education Research Ethics Committee, Trinity College Dublin.

List of Interviewees

Prof. John Coolahan Mr. James Dukes Dr. Patrick Hillery Mr. Tony Ó Dálaigh Prof. Martin O’Donoghue Mr. Ruairi Quinn TD Gary Rhoades and Sheila Slaughter. ‘Academic Capitalism in the new econ- omy: challenges and choices.’ American Academic 1 (2004): 37-59. Walshe, John. An Education: How an Outsider Became an Insider—And Learned What Really Goes on in Irish government. Dublin: Penguin, 2014. Index

A gender equality. See gender dispar- academic freedom 3, 4, 27, 68, 137, ities; women’s participation 244, 345, 414 Irish language requirement in Hunt Report 448 UCG 41 Institutes of Technology Act, pay. See academic salaries 2006 428 professional development 346, Universities Act, 1997 367, 368, 395–6 370, 409 promotions disputes 420–1 academic governance. See governance tenure 338, 409, 427 and leadership; managerial access and participation 354–7, 368, reform 414–19. See also elite system academic salaries 207 action group 355–6, 418 DIAS 78, 81–2 core funding for access perfor- NUI colleges 191, 192, 193, 194 mance 431 pay cuts protest 66–70 disabilities, students with 414–15, UCG 36, 37, 41, 193, 196 417, 418 upgrading 195–6, 223 efectively maintained inequality TCD 49, 51, 197, 198, 208, 209 (EMI) 416 academic staf equality agenda 419, 428, 488

© Te Editor(s) (if applicable) and Te Author(s) 2018 513 J. Walsh, Higher Education in Ireland, 1922–2016, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44673-2 514 Index

expansionism. See expansion of agricultural institute, proposals for HE 112–13 fnancial support. See higher edu- technical education 131–2 cation grants; scholarships; university faculties 32–4, 35, 37, student fnance 38, 71, 112–13, 286–7 ‘free fees’ intiative. See under dairy science at UCC. See student fees UCC gender equality. See gender dispar- Agriculture and Technical Instruction ities; women’s participation Act, 1899 131, 132 HEA action plans 414–15, 417, Aiken, Frank 187–8, 195, 198 419 Ailtirí na hAiséirghe 57 linkages with second-level schools Albert Agricultural College 355 (Glasnevin) 33, 131, 136, mature students 414, 416–17 137 social class inequalities. See site of 265, 266 socio-economic inequalities transfer to UCD 140 accountability 329, 330, 346, 347, Alexandra College, Dublin 17 368–9, 397, 453, 488 All-Ireland Society for Higher institutional autonomy and 349, Education (AISHE) 395 368, 448, 451 Almond, C.S. 82 accreditation 289, 293, 437. See also Alton, Ernest 56, 58, 78, 193, 199, degree-awarding powers; 201, 208, 209 quality assurance and American Grant Counterpart fund qualifcations 112 European Credit Transfer System American Medical Association 215 390, 393 An Chéard Chomhairle 258–9, 263 higher technical colleges 146, An Chomhairle Oiliúna (AnCO) 149, 372–3. See also 261 TEASTAS An Foras Oideachais 274 national systems 372–3, 393–4, An Foras Talúntais 113 398–9. See also HETAC; Anderson, Alexander 12, 37, 38, NCEA; NCVA; NQAI 39–40, 66, 106 teacher training colleges 278–9, Anglo-Irish 16, 54 342 Anglo-Irish relations 53, 54. See also agriculture and dairy science 29, Economic War 36, 44, 45, 61, 138, 140. Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) 15, 45, 46, See also Department of 52, 58, 59 Agrculture and Technical anti-apartheid protests 303 Instruction anti-communism 108, 109 Index 515 anti-semitism 77 temporary freeze on new building applied research 245 projects (1983) 331–3 applied science 35, 134, 135, 138, Australia 330, 425, 446, 447 143, 148, 261, 264, 292 autonomy. See academic freedom; apprenticeship 264. See also An university autonomy Chéard Chomhairle awards. See degree-awarding powers; committees 147, 258, 259 NCEA training 133–4, 147, 149, 258–9, 260, 261, 263, 264 Apprenticeship Act, 1931 147, 258 B Apprenticeship Act, 1958 258 Bailey, Kenneth C. 197, 198 architecture 134, 135, 136, 148, bakery trade 148 263, 267, 292, 358 Baldwin, Stanley 46–7 Ardee, Lady 54 Balfour, Arthur 5, 6, 22n, 156 Armistice Day commemorations 57 Ballymun college project 264–6, Armour, Rev. J.B. 10 285, 292, 295 arts courses 10, 11, 13, 19, 29, 130, Barrett, Seán 363, 365, 369, 412, 132, 167, 207, 208, 253, 413 262, 267, 342 Barry, Peter 289–90 downgrading of 413 Baudouin, King 303 women’s representation in 357, Belfast 5, 6, 10, 16, 135, 156 359 Belfast Corporation 135 Ashlin, George C. 135 Belfeld campus (UCD) 201, 204, Association of Training College 237, 242 Professors 275 development plan 217–21 astronomy 71, 73, 80 engineering building 332, 334 Athenaeum Society 130 library, extension to 334 Athlone Institute of Technology 459 Science Block 242 Athlone RTC 261 transfer of university to 238–40, Atkins, Henry St John 113 241, 247 Atlantic Philanthropies 402, 406 student protests 304–5 Attlee, Clement 192 Belgium 188 austerity policies 30, 65–6, 70, 82, Bell, Desmond 118 83, 170, 213, 336, 339 Benson, Ciaran 415 academic pay cuts protest (1933) Bergin, Osborn 80 66–70 Berlin 80 closure of Carysfort 337–8 Berlin conference (2003) 398 renewed austerity 388, 432, 433 Bernard, J.H. 14, 15, 46, 47 516 Index

Best, R.I. 80 Bord na Móna 237 Bhreathnach, Niamh 347, 350, 351, Born, Max 72 371, 372, 488 Boundary Commission 139–40 and Universities Act, 1997 362, Boyer, Ernest 395 365, 366, 367, 369 Boyle, Connell 33, 61 binary system 281–4, 343–4, 426, Brady, Hugh 411 450, 457, 462, 486 Breathnach, Micheál 203, 351 consolidation 343 Brennan, Joseph 32, 48–50 policy change 284–9 Brennan, Séamus 346, 347, 488 restoration of 293, 296 Britain xiii, 17, 131, 189, 192, 196, Binchy, Daniel 80 262, 344–5, 447 bioscience 402 academic salaries 208–9 Birrell, Augustine 6, 8, 18 Battle of Britain 79 Blackrock Literary and Debating political elite 8, 9 Society 202 polytechnics 262, 460 Blanchardstown Institute of university grants committee 46, Technology 459, 461 192 Blanchardstown RTC 350 British army 57 Blaney, Neil 261 British Crown 61, 62 Bloom’s taxonomy 394 adherence to symbols of 53–5 Blueshirts 108 British Empire 61, 62 Blythe, Ernest 30, 35, 38–41, 42, 43, British fag (Union Jack), fying of 65, 116, 124 53–5, 57, 198 Board of Education (London) 131 British governments 131, 192, 206, Board of Technical Instruction 132 207, 330, 344–5, 347, 484 Boland, Tom 452 Conservative 5, 330, 344–5 Bologna Declaration (1999) 393 and ‘Irish university question,’ Bologna process 390, 393–4, 397, 4–8 398, 489 Liberal 6, 131 Bolton Street College of Technology third-level fees, reintroduction of (Dublin) 263, 264, 265, 351 285, 291 and Trinity College 14–15, 45–7, Bolton Street technical institute 50 (Dublin) 133–4, 148, 159, British national anthem, playing of 263, 264 53–5, 57 redesignation as college of tech- Brooke, Sir Basil 190 nology 263 Browne, Michael, bishop of Galway Bonar Law, Andrew 46 112, 200, 206 Index 517

Browne, Dr. Noel 212 and Maynooth College, state Bruck, Hermann 81 funding for 205–8 Building on Reality (1984) 334 and NUI 9–10, 11, 14, 106–7, bureaucratic norms 491, 492 112, 113, 114, 135, 237, Burke, Dick 276, 280, 284–9, 300 484 Burke, Mary Rose 361 and TCD 200, 202, 206, 212–13, business studies 267, 295, 358 246–7, 248 Butcher, Samuel 8, 13 ecclesiastical ban. See under Butler Act, 1944 [England] 189–90 Trinity College, Dublin butter industry 34. See also agricul- and teacher education 155–7, ture and dairy science 165, 276 Byers, Margaret 17, 18 closure of Carysfort 337, 338 Byrne, Delma 416 and UCG, support for 37, 38, 40 Byrne, Edward, archbishop of and university merger proposal Dublin 110 251, 255 and vocational schools 144–5 Catholic Church x, xii, 55, 67, 105, C 109, 150, 456, 457, 484. Cambridge 17–18, 29 See also Catholic bishops; CAO, 179, 283, 353, 417, 430, 450 Catholic colleges; religious Carlow Institute of Technology 461 orders; Second Vatican Carlow RTC 261 Council (1962–65) Carysfort College (Blackrock) 156, cultural and institutional changes 164, 165, 166, 170, 171, 243 273, 275, 276 and female participation in higher closure 273, 336–8, 339 education 16 Cassells report (2016) 433, 439, 493 integralist Catholicism 67, Castlebar RTC 332 105–14, 123, 124, 201, Cathal Brugha Street College 239, 296, 390, 484 (Dublin) 146, 147 and teacher education. See Catholic bishops 3–4, 19, 124, preparatory colleges; teacher 190, 198, 212, 235, 261, training colleges 269. See also Cullen, Paul; Catholic clergy. See also Catholic McQuaid, John Charles; bishops Walsh, William and NUI 9–10, 106–8 episcopal committee on university seminaries 109. See also education 106, 239 Maynooth College and Irish university question 6–8 Catholic colleges 456 518 Index

co-education 271–2 Central Applications Ofce. See teacher training. See preparatory CAO colleges; teacher training Chalmers Institute of Technology colleges (Gothenburg) 143 women’s colleges 12, 18–19 Charting our Education Future Catholic higher education 11, 239. (White Paper, 1995) 348, See also Catholic university 349–50, 351, 362, 363, Catholic social teaching 67, 108, 109 438–9, 488 Catholic university 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, CHIU (Conference of the Heads of 11–12, 107, 217, 244, 253. Irish Universities) 365, 367, See also NUI 369, 403 Catholic Workers College (Ranelagh) Christian Brothers 156–7, 164, 166, 109–10, 436–7 278, 456 CDVEC (City of Dublin VEC) 134, Christian democracy xii 145, 159, 263, 281, 293, Church of Ireland 11, 38, 155, 156, 295 161, 205, 241, 455. See also apprenticeship training 258, 264 Protestants board of studies 145–7, 149 and ‘compulsory’ Irish 161–2, colleges 145, 147–9, 159, 263–4, 163 281 Church of Ireland College of Ballymun project. See Education (CICE) 273, Ballymun college 277–8, 455 restructuring of 266, 292–3, Church of Ireland Training College 341. See also DIT (CITC) 156, 161, 163, 273, unifcation of 291–2 275, 338 higher level technical education partnership with Trinity 167 264–6 Churchill, Winston 47 alliance with TCD 291–3 CIRCA report 401, 402 Céard Teastas 159 City and Guilds of London Institute Cecilia Street medical school 148 (Dublin) 12, 121 City of Cork VEC 159 Celtic studies, school of. See under civil service marriage bar. See mar- Dublin Institute for riage bar Advanced Studies civil war 48, 137 Celtic Tiger economy 344–5, 352, Clancy, Patrick xiv, xvii, 300, 355, 403, 429 369, 370, 398, 405, 409–10, collapse of. See under economic 413, 415, 419, 432, 436, crisis 444, 451, 458–9, 461–2 Index 519

Clann na Poblachta 200, 204 Commission on Higher Education Clark, Burton x, 484 158, 240, 241, 251, 255, class inequalities. See socio-economic 284 inequalities report and recommendations clericalism 106, 107 (1967) 244–6, 248, 250, Clinton, Mark 290 255–7, 274 clusters. See regional clusters Commission on Technical Education co-education 16, 17, 18, 161, 271–2 140, 141–4, 145 Cofey, Denis 8, 69, 79, 116, 124 Commission on Youth Colahan, Hugh 142 Unemployment 258 Coláiste Caoimhin (Dublin) 166, Commonwealth, anthem of 53, 54 170 Communism 67, 108, 109, 236 Coláiste Charman (Gorey) 159 competitive economy 334, 352, 387, Coláiste Mhuire, Marino (Dublin) 389, 390, 391, 392, 442, 456 493 Coláiste Moibhi, Glasnevin (Dublin) competitiveness 344, 345, 425, 427, 161–2, 271, 273 430, 431, 449, 490, 491 Cold War 114, 236 research funding, in. See under College de France 72 research funding College Green riots (Dublin, 1945) Comptroller and Auditor General 57–8 200 College of Industrial Relations 110 computer science 266, 268, 431 College of Science (Dublin). See Connacht Ulster Alliance 461 Royal College of Science conservative nationalism 136 colleges of education 275. See Conservative Party [UK] 8, 46. See also Carysfort College; also British governments Church of Ireland College conservative social teaching 123 of Education (CICE); conservative society 29, 30, 87, 123, Mary Immaculate College 124, 149 (Limerick); St Patrick’s consolidation. See under College, Drumcondra rationalisation/restructuring colleges of technology ix, 146, Constitution of Ireland, 1937 62, 263–4, 265, 282, 285. See 64, 65, 108, 169, 205–6, also RTCs 208, 239 higher education grants 300 Constitution of the Irish Free State, Collins, Michael 45, 47, 65 1922 47, 62 commercial education 29, 133, 134, constitutional nationalism, eclipse 144, 265 of 14 520 Index construction studies 133, 148, 261, Council for Technological Education 263. See also engineering 287 constructive unionism 5, 131 Council of Education 171 Conway, Arthur 14, 84–5, 89, 90, Council of Irish Universities 245 91, 118, 124, 192 county councils 132, 202 and foundation of DIAS 71, 72, scholarships. See scholarships 73–4, 75, 79 Cowen, Brian 440 Coolahan, John xiii, 9, 28, 29, 252, Coy, Marion 421 256, 369, 425 Crawford Municipal Technical Cooney, Patrick 337 Institute (Cork) 130, 145, coordination x, 113, 204, 205, 289, 159, 261 336, 401, 458 Crawford, W.H. 130 ‘triangle of coordination,’ xii, 484 creative arts 450, 451 Corcoran, Fr. Timothy 107, 115, Cregan, Donal 166, 272, 275–6 118 Cripps, Sir Staford 209 Cork 7, 8, 33, 130, 132, 144, 159, Croke Park I agreement 446–7 261, 306, 437. See also Cullen, Rev. E.J. 164 UCC Cullen, Cardinal Paul, archbishop of Cork Corporation 130 Dublin 1, 3–4, 5 Cork Dental School 215 cultural nationalism 116, 118, 124, Cork Institute of Technology 371, 164, 166. See also Irish lan- 373, 461 guage revival (Gaelicisation Cork RTC 261, 371 policy) Cork School of Design 130 Cumann na nGaedheal 30, 40, 60, Cork (City) VEC 159 63, 65, 116 corporatism 108–9, 390 Cunningham, Kathleen 122 Cosgrave, W.T. 30, 33–4, 38, 139, 140, 289–90 and Trinity College 47–8, 50, D 52–3, 54, 56, 63 Dáil Debates 36, 42–3, 69, 77 cosmic physics, school of. See Dáil Éireann 14, 31, 34, 35, 38, 47, under Dublin Institute for 51, 55, 60, 63, 70, 76, 81, Advanced Studies 91, 137, 191, 239, 306, Costello, John A. 113, 204, 206, 337, 340, 365. See also 215–16 legislation; Public Accounts and Maynooth College 207, 208 Committee and Trinity College 208–13 university representation 47, 56, and UCD 217–18, 219, 220 62–5 Index 521 dairy science. See agriculture and and UCC 84 dairy science; UCC and UCD Belfeld project 237, D’Alton, Cardinal John, archbishop 239 of Armagh 237 and UCG 42–3 Darley and Co., solicitors 290 and university education Davis, Tomas 56 concept of 28–9, 223 Davitt, Michael 130 statement on (1947) 191 Davy, J.J. 237 Dearing report (1997) 351 Day Group Certifcate 145 Degani, Maria 20 DCU (Dublin City University) 340, degree-awarding powers 5, 18, 274, 342–3, 363, 409, 441, 455, 286, 287, 409. See also 457, 459 accreditation teacher education colleges, incor- DIT 341–2, 371 poration of 455 NCEA, remit of. See NCEA De Brún, Mgr. Pádraig 80, 106, 193, New Colleges 244, 255 194, 202, 205, 215 NIHEs 340 De Courcy Wheeler, Sir William 59 TCD/CDVEC agreement 291–2 De Gaulle, Charles 302 Delany, William, S.J. 10, 14, 16, 19 De La Salle College, Newtown democratisation of HE 302 (Waterford) 156, 174, 272, Dempsey, Noel 424 275 denominational divisions. See De La Salle order 156, 170 religious divisions De Valera, Éamon 32, 53, 60–2, 64, denominational education 3, 9, 155, 65, 80, 85, 88–9, 90, 108, 168, 169, 484. See also 109, 113, 114, 116, 117, Catholic colleges; teacher 119, 162, 189–90, 192, training colleges 195, 196, 203, 215, 217, dentistry 214–15, 216, 267, 287, 218, 235, 236 290 and academic pay cuts protest 67, Department of Agriculture 34 68, 69 Department of Agriculture and Chancellor of NUI, as 14, 60–1, Technical Instruction in 64, 66–7, 70, 84, 215, Ireland (DATI) 59, 131–2, 222–3 134–6, 137, 138 and DIAS, founding of 71–83 Department of Education 75, 190, medical schools, intervention on 209, 216, 219, 235, 255, behalf of 215 438 and Trinity College, Dublin 56, and binary system 281–2, 284, 58, 197–200, 213–14, 285, 286, 287, 288, 343 222–3 522 Index

and Department of Finance, rela- and Trinity College, Dublin 246, tions with 196, 241, 331–3 248, 295–6, 436. See also entrance tests, criticism of 28 university merger establishment of 30 and UCD 295–6. See also univer- Gaelicisation policy. See Irish lan- sity merger guage revival (Gaelicisation Belfeld project 218–19, 238, policy) 241, 242 Ministers for Education. See funding 84–5, 86, 89–90, 92 Barry, Peter; Bhreathnach, and UCG, Gaelicisation of. Niamh; Brennan, Séamus; See Irish language revival Burke, Dick; Cooney, (Gaelicisation policy) Patrick; Dempsey, Noel; Department of Enterprise 401 Derrig, Tom; Hanafn, Department of Finance 34, 139, Mary; Hillery, Patrick; 140, 166, 168, 196, 216, Hussey, Gemma; Lenihan, 218, 235, 272, 287, 300, Brian; Lynch, Jack; 351. See also Whitaker, T.K. MacNéill, Eoin; Martin, and DIAS 79–80, 81–2, 83 Michéal; Mulcahy, Richard; and HE funding 30, 31, 32, 45, O’Malley, Donogh; 60, 83–93, 117, 203, 222, O’Rourke, Mary; Quinn, 237, 239, 241, 256, 300. Ruairi; Wilson, John See also state funding new university settlement. See public service pay cuts dispute Universities Act 1997 66–70 and NIHE legislation 293–4 shift in orientation 241 policies on HE. See educational temporary freeze on new build- policy; legislation ing projects 331–3 remit of 30 Trinity College negotiations and teacher training 157–71, 172, 48–52, 209 269–76, 278–9, 339, 342. UCC 84 See also teacher training UCD 84–92, 218–19, 239, colleges 241 closure of Carysfort 336–8 secretaries of 32. See also Brennan, private colleges 438 Joseph; McElligott, J.J.; and technical/technological edu- Redmond, O.J. cation 59, 136–7, 141, 142, Department of Industry and 144, 146, 149–50, 259–61, Commerce 141, 142, 147, 264, 265, 267, 341–3, 409 259 closure of College of Science Department of Jobs, Enterprise and 137–41 Innovation 406 Index 523

Department of Justice 74 university status, campaign for Department of Labour 268 371, 372, 460 Department of Science and Art women academics 359 (London) 131 diversifcation 257–69, 281, 297, Department of the Taoiseach 79–80, 300, 463, 485, 486, 487 82, 221 new opportunities for women 358 Derrig, Tom 55, 60, 85, 116–17, reversal of policy 287 166, 189, 190, 195 domestic science. See home econom- Derry. See Magee College ics/domestic science Devonshire, duke of 30, 50 Dominican Order 278 DIAS. See Dublin Institute for Donegal 261 Advanced Studies Donnelly, Dervilla 373 Dillon, James 112, 191 Downey, Joseph 84 disabilities, students with 414–15, dressmaking 133–4 417, 418 Dublin 5, 6, 8, 16, 135, 244, 336, Disability Access Route to Education 340, 450 (DARE) 417 apprenticeship committees 147 ‘disadvantaged’ students 355, 356, railway companies 134 417 technical schools and institutes enhanced maintenance grant 348, 130, 132, 133, 144, 145, 356–7 159. See also CDVEC; DIT discrimination. See gender dispari- universities. See DCU; Trinity ties; marriage bar; socio-eco- College, Dublin; UCD nomic inequalities; women’s Dublin, archdiocese of xii, 165 participation Catholic archbishops. See Cullen, Disraeli, Benjamin 5 Paul; McNamara, Kevin; DIT (Dublin Institute of McQuaid, John Charles; Technology) 266, 292–3, Walsh, William 293, 298, 336, 343, 373, Church of Ireland archbishops. 426, 459, 461 See Gregg, John; Jackson, College of Marketing and Design Michael 334 Dublin Business School (DBS) 437, degree awarding powers 341–2, 438, 439 371 Dublin City University. See DCU ESF grants 335 Dublin commission 7–8, 12, 20, 360 establishment as self-governing Dublin Corporation 130 institute (1992) 341–2 technical education committee teaching and learning centre 395 133–4 524 Index

vocational education committee. ecclesiastical ban. See under Trinity See CDVEC College, Dublin Dublin Council of Trade Unions 293 ECOFIN 445 Dublin Dental Hospital 214–15 economic boom. See Celtic Tiger Dublin Institute for Advanced economy Studies (DIAS) 56, 187, economic crisis xv, 70, 219, 273, 403 361, 387 academic staf 80–2 crash (2007–08) 387–8, 392, establishment of 71–80 398, 405, 415, 418, 419, fnancing of 79–80, 82 432–5, 445, 446, 452, 463, School of Celtic Studies 71, 72, 490–1 76, 78, 83 EU-IMF bailout 432, 435, School of Cosmic Physics 80–1 440, 449 School of Teoretical Physics 72, Great Recession xv, 31–2, 66, 73, 75, 76–7, 78, 79, 80, 83 116, 146, 169, 441 Dublin Institute of Catholic economic nationalism 92 Sociology 107 economic policy 136, 330 Dublin Institute of Technology. See agricultural development 34, 35 DIT educational policy and 49, 143, Dublin Region Higher Education 234, 235, 236, 238, 242, Alliance (DRHEA) 447, 260, 263, 270, 296–7, 459 298, 307, 329, 334, 335, Dublin Trades Council 130 342, 344, 345, 346, 347, Duf, John 74 350, 387, 407, 424, 429, Dufy, Joe 304 435, 440–1, 449, 485–6, Dukes, James 256, 282 488, 490, 491, 492–3. Dulanty, J.W. 54 See also expansion of HE; Dún Laoghaire 350–1, 459 knowledge-based economy; Dundalk Institute of Technology 459 managerial reform Dundalk RTC 261 EU initiatives 390–1 Dunsink Observatory 71, 72, 80 OECD review 425 Durcan, Sr. Regina 337 research investment 400–1, 403, 406, 443 technical education 269 E university merger proposal Earlsfort Terrace (UCD) 119, 174, 250 177, 217, 220 fatalism 87–8 ‘Gentle Revolution’ (1968–69) liberal economics xii. See also 304–5 neo-liberalism Index 525

retrenchment and austerity 31–2, economic policy, and. See aus- 35, 65–6, 70, 273, 331–9. terity policies; economic See also academic salaries; policy; knowledge-based austerity policies economy self-sufciency 60 expansionism. See expansion of shift in orientation 235, 241 HE transformation of 235, 253 Green Paper (1992). See Education utilitarianism 492, 493 for a Changing World economic recovery 188, 329, 340, intensifcation of state interven- 435 tion 346 higher education as key to 441, merger of Dublin universities, 490 proposals for. See university Economic Research Institute 203 merger economic underdevelopment 86, 92 national strategy for higher edu- Economic War 65–6 cation 440. See also Hunt economics, courses in 134 Report ECTS 390, 393 new approach (1967) 255–6 Edinburgh 79 transformation in 255–7, 344–5. education 276–9. See also teacher See also diversifcation; education; teacher training transformation of HE colleges White Papers. See White Papers Education Act, 1944 (‘Butler Act’) EEC (European Economic 189–90 Community) 260, 267, Education Developers in Ireland 286, 289, 294 Network (EDIN) 395–6 efectively maintained inequality Education for a Changing World (EMI) 416 (Green Paper, 1992) 346–8, EHEA. See European Higher 349, 350, 393, 397, 488 Education Area educational planning 189–90, 203, electrical trades, training in 147, 264 204–5 Electrical Trades Union 264 educational policy xvii, 234–5, Electricity Supply Board (ESB) 147 248–50, 259, 266, 281–2, elite system 19, 203, 222–3, 233–4, 331–5, 343, 430, 486–7. 255, 259, 300, 302, 392, See also binary system; 486 diversifcation; HEA; Emanuel, Rahm 452 legislation; rationalisation/ EMC Manufacturing 441 restructuring; reforms Emergency period (1939–45) 77, 83 activism (2011–14) 452 emigration 55, 60, 86, 87, 88, 93, 171, 188 526 Index

Employment Equality Agency 420 Evening Herald 303 engineering 29, 37, 133, 134, 143, Exchequer support. See State funding 148, 253, 254, 261, 264, expansion of HE xiii, 44, 111, 265, 267, 291, 292, 346, 188–9, 234, 236, 240, 246, 358, 362, 431 297–8, 301, 329, 331, 335, female students 358 348, 352–4, 362, 393, 432, increase in graduate cohort 268 492–3 UCD school 332, 334 government policy 241, 242, 269, England. See Britain 287, 297, 307, 346, 427, entrance tests 28, 86, 88, 159, 161, 486, 489, 492–3 163, 164. See also matricula- hostility to 92 tion examinations postgraduate enrolments 354, 407 entrepreneurial model 347, 389 private colleges 109, 436, 437, equality 16–17, 18, 19, 300, 347. 438, 439–40 See also access and partici- teacher training 272, 273, 274 pation; gender disparities; technical education 257, 260, socio-economic inequalities 263, 264, 266–7, 268, 269, Equality Tribunal 420 349 Erasmus programme 390 ‘unprecedented expansion,’ 307 ESF (European Social Fund) 266–7, external examinations 134, 148, 397 286, 335, 345 ESRI xiv, 203, 348 EU-IMF bailout. See under economic F crisis Fahy, Frank 42, 43 European Commission 335, 391, Fanning, R. 222 399, 491 fascism 57, 108, 109 European Community 345, 390, 399 Fawcett’s Act, 1873 4 European Credit Transfer System Federal Institute of Technology (ECTS) 390 (Switzerland) 143 European Higher Education Area federal university 5, 6–8, 10, 15, (EHEA) 393, 394, 398 252, 363, 368. See also NUI European integration 345 Federation of University Women 175 European Quality Assurance Register Feeney, Chuck 402 for Higher Education 398 Feeney, John 304 European Social Fund. See ESF fees. See student fees European Union (EU) xiii, 390, 402, female participation. See women’s 445, 449, 489–90 participation Lisbon strategy 390–1 feminist movement 16, 17, 18, 421, research funding 391 423 Index 527

Ferlie, Ewan 389, 446 Free State government Ferriter, Diarmuid 165, 252 and higher technical education FETAC 373, 398 136–50 Fianna Fáil 42, 43–4, 56, 60–1, 62, and medical schools 59–60 65, 69, 70, 116, 213, 218, neutrality policy 57 221, 246, 280, 284, 289, and teacher training colleges 293, 337, 340, 365, 371, 157–70 424, 428, 430, 440 and universities 27–8, 30–5, 44–5 fnancing and funding. See ESF; benign neglect 92–3, 123–4 higher education grants; fnancing 31–5, 47–52, 71, research funding; state 83–93 funding; student fees Gaelicisation policy. See Fine Gael 60, 76, 77, 108, 204, 213, Irish language revival 219, 332, 341, 366 (Gaelicisation policy) Fine Gael-Labour coalitions 266, 276, parliamentary representation 284, 331–9, 340, 365, 449 62–5 reorganisation of HE, plans for pay cuts dispute 67–70 284–91 Trinity College, Dublin 47–58 Finnegan, Fergal xvii Froebel College 278, 279, 454–5 fsheries 36, 37, 131 Fry Commission (1906–07) 5, 17 Fitzgerald, Garret 251, 284, 285, 331, Fullerton, Andrew 59 332, 333, 336, 340, 365 Further Education and Training Fitzgibbon, Gerald 47 Awards Council. See Fitzpatrick, Michael 200 FETAC Fleming, Ted xvii, 354, 358, 491 Flynn, Seán 462 Foresight Initiative. See Technology G Foresight Initiative Gaelic League 13, 114, 115, 118–19, Forfás 415, 441 127n Framework Programme for Gaelicisation. See Irish language Research and Technological revival (Gaelicisation policy) Development 335 Gaeltacht 160, 161, 165, 170 France 72, 188, 302, 304, 389, 436 scholarship scheme 114, 271 Fredriksson, Nils 142 Galway 7, 8, 261. See also UCG free fees initiative. See under student Galway Chamber of Commerce 40 fees Galway RTC 261, 303 free second-level education 235, 246, Galway-Mayo Institute of 351 Technology 421, 454, 461 528 Index

Garvin, Tom 412 Glyndwr university (Wales) 421 Geddes Committee (Westminster) Gogarty, Oliver St John 63 46 Goldsmith, Brendan 371 Geiger, R.L. 436, 440 Good, John 142 Geikie, Sir Archibald 14 Gorey, Co. Wexford 159 Geikie Commission 14–15, 47, 51 governance and leadership 4, 257, gender disparities 18, 19, 120, 266, 302, 442, 485, 358–62, 419–23. See also 490. See also individual women’s participation institutions discriminatory practices 82, gender equality. See women’s 120–3, 420–1. See also participation marriage bar Higher Education Authority, NUI Galway promotions dispute powers of. See HEA 420–1 Hunt report 442–3, 445–6 TCD honorary degrees 420 managerialism, shift towards. See UCD promotions dispute 420 managerial reform; NPM general elections (1918) 14 network governance approach General Medical Council 214, 215 389, 446, 449, 491 Geneva 73 OECD report 426–7, 428, 442 ‘Gentle Revolution’ (UCD, 1968– RTCs 341 69) 304–5 teacher-training colleges 172 geophysics 80, 83 universities 27, 123–4, 201, George VI, King 57, 61, 62 245, 306, 363, 387, 410, Germany 72, 73, 74, 75, 80, 83, 428, 445–6. See also aca- 108, 131, 188, 298, 389 demic freedom; university ‘intellectual institutions,’ 2–3 autonomy Gill, T.P. 131–2, 135, 136 women 421 Gilmartin, Tomas, archbishop of Government of Ireland, Act 1920 Tuam 38 15, 45, 46, 47 Gilmore, Eamon 305 government policies. See economic Gladstone, William 5, 22n policy; educational policy; Glasnevin. See Albert Agricultural Free State government College Graham, Sir James 3 Gleeson, Jim 394 Granard, Lord 54 Gleeson, Martin 263–4 grants scheme. See higher education globalisation xii–xvi, 388–9, 390, grants 393, 414, 442, 449 Graves, Arnold 130 Glúin na Bua 119 Great Recession. See economic crisis Index 529

Greece 188, 432 establishment of 257 Green Paper (1992). See Education governance and regulatory powers for a Changing World 349–50, 364, 365, 368–9, Green Party 429 370, 374, 428 Gregg, John, archbishop of Dublin increase in 452, 490 161, 162 international review 457, 458 Grifth, Arthur 45, 47, 48, 65 National Access Ofce 356 Grifth College Dublin (GCD) policy activism 450, 453 437–8, 439 policy statements (1990s) 343 Grimson, Jane 421 steering committee (1993) 347–8, 351, 354 structural reform agenda H 458–9. See also under Hackett, F.E. 137 rationalisation/restructuring Haddington Road agreement 446–7 student representation, absence Hamilton, William Rowan 71, 76, of 302 77 teacher education, report on Hanafn, Mary 407–8 274–6 Hardiman, Tom 340 technical working group report Harford, Judith xvii (1995) 348–9, 350, 352, Haughey, Charles J. 57, 298–9, 337 354 Hayden, Mary 17, 18, 20, 121 ‘Towards a Future Higher Hayes, Fr. Michael 456 Education Landscape’ Hayes, Michael, Minister for (2012) 450–1 Education 49 and universities Bill (1996) 364, Hazelkorn, Ellen xvi, 399 365–6, 370 HEA (Higher Education Authority) women academics, study on posi- xiv, 240, 243, 261, 262, tion of 358–61 263, 265–6, 268, 281, health sciences 254, 290 282–4, 286, 287, 288–9, Healy, John, archbishop of Tuam 10 295, 307, 332, 422, 430, Healy, Timothy 9, 23n, 59 431, 443, 448, 452, 456, HECA (Higher Education Colleges 460, 488, 492 Association) 439 academic audit unit 397 Hedley, Steve 369–70, 408, 409 access action plans 414–15, 417, HEEU (Higher Education Equality 419 Unit) 361 Board 442, 458, 460, 462 Hegarty, Diarmuid 439 composition 282 Hegarty, John 411–12 530 Index

Heitler, Walter 80 Hout, Michael 301 HERD. See research and human capital theory xii, 233, 234, development 236, 242, 246, 334, 387, HETAC 373, 397–8, 438 407, 425, 440, 485, 487, Hibernia College 438, 439 490, 492 Higgins, Jim 341 Hunt report 441–2, 444, 449 Higgins, Michael D. 340 humanities 29, 149, 201, 262, 358, Higher Diploma in Education 402, 405 (H.Dip.) 158, 279 downgrading of 413 Higher Education Access Route research council 403 (HEAR) 417 Humboldtian ideal 2–3, 27, 168, Higher Education and Training 244, 344 Awards Council. See dilution of 391 HETAC Hungary 432 Higher Education Authority. See Hunt, Colin 440–1, 445 HEA Hunt Report (2011) 392, 421, Higher Education Equality Unit 440–9, 450, 452, 462, 490, (HEEU) 361 491 higher education grants 298–300, Hussey, Caroline 421 305–6, 348, 428, 433 Hussey, Gemma 331, 332, 333, 335, enhanced grant for ‘disadvan- 337, 340, 358, 362 taged’ students 348, 356–7 Hutton, Mary 18 higher technical educaton. See under Hyland, Áine 420, 421 technical education Hynes, Fr John ‘Pa,’ 12, 37, 106 Highman, Ludovic 391 Hillery, Patrick 235, 239, 241, 248, 259, 270, 271, 317n I Hinfelaar, Maria 421 IAWG (Irish Association of Women Hitler, Adolf 108 Graduates) 16, 17, 18 Hodges, E.C. 163 IFUT (Irish Federation of University Hogan, James 108 Teachers) 243, 337, 338, Hogan, J.J. 106, 249, 251 364, 365, 367, 409, 411, Hogan, Linda 421 412, 434, 487 Hogan, Paddy 35, 40, 137 industrial arts 135 home economics/domestic science industrial development 60, 143, 268, 133, 146, 147, 276, 278 347 Home Rule 14, 15, 59, 64 Industrial Development Authority hotel and catering 145, 147, 303 (IDA) 268 House of Commons 5, 8, 206, 207 industrial relations 109–10 Index 531 industry 36, 131, 132. See also indus- Intermediate Education (Ireland) trial development Act, 1914 158 college-industry interaction 329, intermediate schools 6 346, 347, 351, 399, 413, internationalisation 390–2, 425, 449 443, 487, 489 international students 392 research funding 400–6 inter-party governments 112, 204, education for employment in 205, 206, 208, 211, 213, 141, 147, 259, 260–2, 265, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221 295. See also apprenticeship; Inter-University Quality Steering RTCs; technical education Committee 397 Ingram, John 142 INTO (Irish National Teachers Institute for Advanced Studies. Organisation) 165, 167, See Dublin Institute for 274, 275, 276, 337, 438 Advanced Studies (DIAS) Investment in Education (1962) 222, Institute for Technological and 235, 236, 248, 300, 444, Technical Education 285 485 Institute of Art, Design and Irish, Tomás 48, 52–3 Technology (IADT) 350–1, Irish Association of Women 459 Graduates. See IAWG Institute of International Afairs Irish Church Temporalities Fund 69 (Chatham House, London) Irish Convention (1919) 14 72 Irish Council for Humanities and Institute of Personnel Management Social Sciences (IRCHSS) 110 403 Institutes of Technology 371–2, 374, Irish Council for Science, 426–7, 448. See also DIT Technology and fnancial review 434 Engineering (IRCSET) 403 legislation 427–8 Irish Federation of University professional development func- Teachers. See IFUT tion 395 Irish Financial Services Centre 437 women academics 423 Irish Free State. See Free State women in leadership roles 421, government 422 Irish Independent 81, 187, 201, 206, Institutes of Technology Act, 2006 366 427–8 Irish-Ireland nationalism 108, 115 institutional carriers xii–xvi, 489 Irish language movement 57, 164. integralist Catholicism. See under See also Gaelic League Catholic Church Irish language revival (Gaelicisation Intermediate Certifcate 145, 162 policy) 13, 30, 36, 37–45, 532 Index

44, 45, 55, 60–1, 65, 70, J 71, 114, 116, 141, 157, Jackson, Michael, archbishop of 159, 161, 162–3, 164, 166, Dublin 455 222, 428, 483 Janossy, Lajos 81 Céard Teastas 159 Japan 436 ‘compulsory Irish,’ 13, 111, Jennings, Mike 434 115–16, 118, 161, 163, Jesuit order 107 164, 193, 199 Catholic Workers College dilution of 270, 271 109–10, 436 NUI colleges 114–19 UCD (St Stephen’s Green) 5, 7, teacher training colleges. See 10, 11–12, 16 teacher training colleges Jewish refugees 74, 80 Trinity College, Dublin 199 John Moores University (Liverpool) UCG 37–44, 60, 114, 195–6 437 Irish Life Assurance Company 273 Joyce, James 63 Irish Medical Association 212 Irish National Teachers Organisation. See INTO K Irish Parliamentary Party 18 Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute (Germany) Irish Rugby Football Union 303 72 Irish Times 34, 40, 55, 57, 119, Kavanagh, Fr James 107 127n, 250, 303, 338, 457, Kavanagh, Patrick 178 462 Keating, Justin 284 Irish Universities Act, 1908 4, 6–9, Kehoe, Fr Killian 166 18, 19, 27, 28 Kelly, John 332 Irish Universities Association (IUA) Kelly, Michael 461 459 Kerry County Council 112 Irish university question 4–10, Kevin Street College of Technology 15, 28, 67. See also Irish 148, 263–4, 265 Universities Act, 1908 Kevin Street Technical Institute Irish Vocational Education (Dublin) 130, 133, 145, Association (IVEA) 341 147–8, 263 Italy 108 redesignation 148, 263 ITE (initial teacher education) 450, Keynesian economics 330, 486 451, 453–4, 457, 463 Kildare Place College 156, 173, 273 IUQB (Irish Universities Quality Kilmacud training school (Dublin) Board) 398 147 Iveagh House/Gardens 191, 196 King’s Scholarship 157, 159 Index 533

Kingsmill-Moore, Henry 163 technical education 130–3, 147, Kingsmill-Moore, T.C. 199 148 Kissane, Mgr. 206, 207 technological universities 461–2 knowledge creation 441 universities 6–10, 15, 42–3, 44, knowledge ‘pyramid,’ 404 340–2, 349. See also Irish knowledge-based economy xvi, 347, Universities Act, 1908 350, 388, 389, 403–4, agriculture and dairy faculties 417–18, 425, 489, 492 32–3, 34, 38, 140 EU initiatives 390–1 new settlement 362–70, 409, knowledge-intensive industry 347 488. See also Universities Act, 1997 Lemass, Seán 81, 218, 235, 246, L 258, 263, 264 Labour Party 38, 43, 140, 165, 204, Lenihan, Brian 252–3, 262, 264, 341, 347. See also Fine 265, 274 Gael-Labour coalitions Leo XIII, Pope, Rerum Novarum 109 Land Act, 1903 48, 49, 51 Letterkenny Institute of Technology language revival. See Irish language 461 revival (Gaelicisation policy) Letterkenny RTC 261 Latin America 436 Levy, Daniel 109, 436 law 246, 267 Liberal Party [UK] 6, 10, 131 League of Nations 73 liberal university education 1, 2, 16, Leahy, Mary 361 246 learning outcomes 394, 395 Limerick 244, 262, 266, 280, 340, Leaving Certifcate 28, 145, 162, 343, 437 260, 270, 283, 299, 430 Limerick Corporation 130 Leaving School in Ireland 415 Limerick Institute of Technology 421 Leebody, J.R. 10 Limerick School of Art 130 legislation 3, 329 Limerick University Project Dublin Institute for Advanced Committee 262 Studies 76–8 Limond, David 109 higher education grants 299, 300 Lindsay, Noel 342, 347–8 Institutes of Technology 427–8 Lisbon strategy 390–1 NIHEs 293–5, 340 literacy and numeracy 453 quality assurance and qualifca- Lithuania 432 tions 372–3, 397–8, 439 Liverpool 437 reforms 362–74, 488 Lloyd George, David 14–15, 22n, RTCs 341, 428 45–6 Teaching Council 372 local authorities 13, 132 534 Index

higher education grants 299 McCoy, Selina 416 scholarships. See scholarships McCusker, Charles 81 technical instruction schemes 130 McDowell, R.B. 49, 52, 212 Local Authorities (Higher Education MacDunphy, Michael 64–5, 139 Grants) Act, 1968 299 McElligott, J.J. 32, 85, 86–8, 89–91, Local Government Act, 1898 132 194, 203, 241 localism 30 MacEntee, Seán 60, 65–6, 68, 69, Logue, Cardinal Michael 11 70, 82, 116, 117, 124, 218, London University 2, 134, 148 219, 238 Loreto College, St Stephen’s Green MacFeely, Anthony, bishop of (Dublin) 19 Raphoe 261 Louth County Council 111–12 Mac Fhionnlaoich, Diarmuid 118 Loxley, Andrew xvii, 400, 417, 419 MacGearailt, Seán 272, 282 Luce, J.V. 290, 304 MacGiolla, Tomas 341 Lucey, Cornelius, bishop of Cork Macken, Mary 20 112, 202 MacNéill, Eoin 14, 31, 32, 36–7, 63, Lynch, Jack 237, 240, 254, 270, 115, 137 305–6 and transfer of College of Science Lynch, Patrick 209 to UCD 138–40 Lyons, F.S.L. 8–9 McGee, Senator 112 Lyons, Leland 288, 290, 295 McGilligan, Paddy 63, 69–70, 77, 191, 204, 205, 208, 214, 217–18, 219 M and TCD negotiations 208–13 Maastricht Treaty 345 and transfer of College of Science McAuley, Leon 139 to UCD 137–9, 140 Mac Beatha, Proinsias 119 McGrath, Fergal, SJ 119 McCarthy, Alex 62 McGrath, Raymond 218 McCarthy, M.D. 203, 254 McHenry, J.J. 202 McCarthy review (2009) 450 McHugh, Dr. Roger 217 McCartney, Donal 13, 106, 214, McNamara, Kevin, archbishop of 306, 360 Dublin 337 McConnell, Albert J. 56, 71, 73, McNeill, James 53–4 111, 193, 201–2, 205, 249, McQuaid, John Charles, archbishop 304 of Dublin xii, 106–7, 112, and TCD negotiations with gov- 114, 165, 166, 239, 271, ernment 209, 210, 211, 212 272, 273, 484 McConway, J. 264 and Trinity College, Dublin 246 Index 535

ecclesiastical ban 110–11, 251, massifcation xiii, 233–4, 300, 301, 253, 255 357, 358, 393, 423 merger proposal 248, 249, Mater Dei (Dublin) 455 250, 251 mathematical research 71, 76, 77 Magdalen College, Oxford 73 matriculation examinations 13, 28, Magee College, Derry 8, 10 86, 90, 148, 283, 299 Maguire, Conor 61, 63 compulsory Irish 111, 193 Mahafy, J.P. 18 mature students 414, 416–17 managerial reform 408–14, 424, Maunsell, Charles 59 449, 489, 491 Maxwell, Constantia 20 new public management. See Maynooth College 11, 80, 106, 192, NPM 200, 285, 287, 289, 298, Manning, Maurice 367 303, 367 Manpower programme 268, 335, campus development 243 346, 431 funding of 205–8, 206 Mansion House, Dublin 118 lay students, opening to 243 manual instructors 158, 159 NUI, association with 7, 8, Maoist Internationalists 303 12–13, 109, 243, 368. See March, Arthur 74 also NUI Maynooth March, Hildegunde 74 seminary and pontifcal university Marginson, Simon xvi, 388 7, 13, 109, 208, 243, 368, Marino Institute of Education 455 (Dublin) 456, 457 Medical Act, 1886 58–9 Marist Order 170 Medical Registration Council 59, Marlborough Street training college 214 (Dublin) 155, 156, 157 medical schools 52, 58–60, 214–15, marriage bar 82, 123, 169, 172 253. See also Royal College reversal of 270 of Surgeons in Ireland Marshall Aid 112 increased grants, appeal for Martin, Michéal 371, 373 215–16 Martin, Peadar 111 reciprocal recognition of qualifca- Mary Immaculate College (Limerick) tions 58, 59, 214, 215 156, 164, 165, 169, 272–3, medicine 246, 267, 431. See also 275, 276, 277, 338, 438, medical schools; veterinary 456, 457 medicine BA courses 339, 342 Meenan, James 252, 253 co-education 271–2 mergers. See regional clusters; TUs religious education programme (technological universities); 456 university merger 536 Index

Merriman, Patrick 61, 107, 115 Murphy, T. 81 Merville 217 Murphy, Tom 290 metalwork 159 Mussolini, Benito 108 Metropolitan School of Art (Dublin) Myers, Kevin 304 129, 131, 159 MIC. See Mary Immaculate College (Limerick) N Microsoft Ireland 441 National Access Ofce 356 Ministers for Education. See list national anthems 53–5, 57 under Department of National Archives xiv Education National Board 155, 156, 157 Mitchell, Tomas 420 National College of Art and Design. Mitchell, Tom 367 See NCAD model schools 155 National College of Ireland (NCI) modernisation 235, 391, 491 437, 439, 459 Monaghan County Council 20 National College of Physical monitorial system 160 Education (Limerick) 280 Montessori colleges 439, 440 National Council for Educational Moody, T.W. 5–6, 8–9, 251 Awards. See NCEA Moran, Frances 20–1, 122 National Council for Vocational Mother and Child Scheme 212, 213 Awards (NCVA) 336 Moylan, Seán 218, 219 National Development Plan 2000– Moynihan, Maurice 62, 73, 74, 75, 06 403 76, 82, 89 national education commissioners Mulcahy, D.G. xvii 155 Mulcahy, Noel 260 National Education Convention 349 Mulcahy, Richard 76, 77, 171, 204, National Forum for the 215, 216, 220 Enhancement of Teaching Muldowney, Mary 361 and Learning 396, 431 Municipal Technical Institute National Institute for Higher (Belfast) 135–6 Education. See NIHE Munster Institute (Cork) 33 National Ofce for Equity of Access Munster Technological University to Higher Education 356 (MTU) 461 national school teachers 169, 171–2 Murchan, Damian 395 marriage bar 169, 172 Murnaghan, James, judge 61 training of. See teacher education; Murphy, Christina 338 teacher training colleges Murphy, John A. 107, 294 national schools system 168 Index 537

National Skills Strategy 415 New Colleges, proposal for 244, national system of innovation 400–1, 255–6, 274 402, 404, 428 new public management. See NPM National University of Ireland. See New Zealand 66, 330, 446 NUI Newell, Martin 202 nationalism xii, 55, 57, 108, 112, Newman, John Henry 1–2, 29, 217, 115, 136. See also cultural 244, 245, 250 nationalism NFQ (national framework of qualif- nationalists x, 9, 18, 27, 32, 56, cations) 393–4, 417 131 NIHE Dublin 266, 285, 287, 291, anti-British sentiment 57 295, 297, 332, 333, 334, 340 and NUI 13–14 NIHE Limerick 262, 265, 280, 285, nationality 53 293–5, 297, 339–40 Nazi Germany 72–3, 74, 76, 80, 83, transition to university status 340, 108 342 NCAD (National College of Art and NIHEs (National Institutes for Design) 285–6, 359, 456, Higher Education) 268, 459 281, 283, 287, 289, 339, NCEA (National Council for 359, 409, 452 Educational Awards) 260, post-graduate education 293–4 275, 276, 280, 286, 287, statutory framework 293–5 291, 372, 373, 397, 437 amending legislation (1989) degree-awarding powers 297, 303, 340 397 university status 339–40, 341–2, removal of 289, 303 343, 374 restoration of 293 Nolan, J.J. 90 private colleges as designated Nolan, John 277 providers 439 Nolan, Nicholas 305 NCVA (National Council for non-denominational education 3, 9 Vocational Awards) 336 teacher training colleges 155, 156, Neave, Guy 3 157, 455 neo-liberalism 330, 347, 388, 389, universities 6, 7, 105, 106, 240, 487–8, 492 484. See also NUI neo-Weberianism 389 Norris, David 367 Netherlands 188 Northern Ireland 15, 189, 190, network governance 389, 446, 449, 200. See also Stormont 491 administration neutrality 57 students from 197 538 Index

Norton, William 204 establishment 6–8, 9 NPM (new public management) female academics 122 330, 344–5, 389, 408, Gaelicisation 13, 60, 114–19 445–6, 447, 448, 449, 491, imperial legacies 61–2 492 local political infuence 30 NQAI (National Qualifcations managerial reform 412 Authority of Ireland) 373, medical schools 214–16 393–4, 398 nationalist leadership 13–14 NUI (National University of Ireland) non-denominational framework 4, 29, 32, 35, 76, 77, 87, 105, 106 111–12, 135, 189, 203, parliamentary representation 47, 209, 210, 212, 245, 285, 63, 64 286, 288, 296, 340, 342, postwar development proposals 343 192–6 academic salaries. See academic and proposed merger of TCD/ salaries UCD 254 accommodation crisis, commis- recognised colleges 8, 19, 280. See sion on (1957) 236–41 also Maynooth College agriculture faculties 137, 138 Catholic women’s colleges, board of studies 19, 115, 276 campaign of 18–19 Catholic infuences 10, 11, teacher training colleges 276–7 12–13, 105, 106–8, 112, reconstitution of 363, 368 113, 135, 484 senate 64, 118, 119, 167, 201, liaison committee with bishops 202, 267, 363–4 112 female members 18, 20 Chancellors. See De Valera, frst senate 9–10, 12, 13, 14, Éamon; Walsh, William 18 (archbishop); Whitaker, state funding 31, 32, 48, 191–6. T.K. See also state funding; indi- Charter 61, 363 vidual colleges constituent colleges. See also science buildings and libraries UCC; UCD; UCG 242 reconstitution of 363, 368 supplementary estimate 205 constituent universities 368 Universities Act, 1997 364, 367, Convocation 10, 115, 116, 368 118–19 Visitor, position of 61, 62 entrance tests 87 women’s participation 18–19, 20, matriculation examinations 28, 120 148, 283 academics 122, 360 Index 539

NUI Galway 447 330, 344, 353, 406, 431, academic promotions, gender 444, 449, 485 disparities in 420–1 as ’institutional carrier,’ 489 NUI Maynooth 363, 367, 368, 455, review of higher education (2003– 457, 459 04) 424–9, 442, 489, 491 Froebel College, incorporation of OEEC (Organisation for European 454–5 Economic Co-operation) nursing education 431 236 O’Farrell, Ciara 394, 396 O’Farrelly, Agnes 17, 20, 116 O Ofce of Public Works (OPW) 196, oath of allegiance 53 218 O’Brien, Conor Cruise 284, 285 O’Hare, Danny 295, 340, 409 Ó Buachalla, Liam xvii, 202, 344 O’Higgins, Kevin 47 O’Byrne, John, judge 61 Oireachtas 245, 438 O’Carroll, Louis Ely 145 Oldham, Alice 17 Ó Cathail, Séamus 284 Olssen, Mark 330 Ó Cathain, Seán, SJ 107 O’Malley, Des 367 Ó Ceallaigh, Seamus 117, 118 O’Malley, Donogh 255, 260–1, 262, Ó Ceallaigh, Seán T. (O’Kelly) 62–3, 287, 351 85, 91, 175 higher education grants 298–9, Ó Ciardha, Tadhg 202–3 300 O’Connell, Kathleen 89 merger proposals for TCD/UCD O’Connell, T.J. 38, 43, 140 246–52, 253, 258, 484 O’Connor, Sr. Loreto 165, 271 O’Meara, John J. 217 O’Connor, Pat 422 O’Neill, Joseph 75, 85–90, 141–2, O’Connor, Seán xiv, 252, 255, 276 163 Ó Dálaigh, Cearbhall 206, 237 O’Neill, Patrick, bishop of Limerick Ó Dálaigh commission 399 192 O’Doherty, Teresa xi O’Rahilly, Alfred 61, 66, 67, 69, O’Doherty, Tomas, bishop of 106, 107–8, 113, 114, 121, Galway 37, 38, 40 124, 192–3, 196, 202, 204, O’Donoghue, Martin 253 205 O’Donoghue, Tom xvii, 168, 457 O’Rahilly, Aodhogán 237 O’Dufy, General Eoin 108 O’Rahilly, Tomás 80 O’Dwyer, Edward, bishop of Ó Raifeartaigh, Tarlach 238, 239, Limerick 156 246, 249, 252, 254, 255, OECD xi, xii, 188, 222, 233, 235, 282, 288 236, 258, 259, 269, 298, Ó Riain, Seán 405, 407, 410 540 Index

O’Rourke, Mary 340, 346 Peel, Sir Robert 206, 207 Orr, John, archbishop of Tuam 38 Penal Laws 200 O’Shea, Brian 341 pension schemes 434 O’Sullivan, Denis xvii, 234 performance O’Sullivan, Elizabeth 20 funding 431, 444 O’Sullivan, Irene 361 outcomes based education 393, O’Sullivan, John Marcus 32, 38, 40, 394–5, 489 140, 144 performing arts 451 O’Sullivan, Rory 372 Peters, Michael 330 Our Lady of Mercy College. See pharmacy 287, 290 Carysfort College Philippines 436 outcome based education. See under physical education 279–80 performance Piggott, John J. 167 Oxford 2, 17–18, 29, 73 Pirrie, W.J. 10 Pius X, Pope 12 Pius XI, Pope, Quadragesimo Anno P (1931) 108 Padova University 20 PLCs (post leaving certifcate Pakistan 438 courses) 336 Palles, Sir Christopher 7–8 Plunkett, Horace 130–1, 136 Parkes, Susan 122, 279 Points Commission 421 Parliament of Southern Ireland 15, political refugees 74 47 Pollak, Leo W. 80–1 parliamentary representation 47, 56 polytechnics 262, 460 Dail constituency, abolition of Portobello College (Dublin) 437 62–5 Portugal 188 Senate/Seanad 47, 64, 65, 214, postgraduate education 402, 424, 286, 297 425–6, 438 Parnell Vocational School (Dublin) enrolments 354, 407 148 NIHEs 293–4 partition of Ireland 8, 59 research funding 403, 407, 408 partnership 172, 389, 418, 446–8, teachers 277, 279, 438, 454 449 women’s participation 359 CDVEC/Trinity agreement Powis Commission (1870) 155 291–2 pre-employment courses (PECs) knowledge ‘pyramid,’ 404 335–6 pay discrimination 82 preparatory colleges 160–2, 164, Peacock, Alan 259 165, 166–7, 169, 170 Index 541

abolition of 269, 270–1 property bubble 429 Presbyterians 6, 8, 10, 11, 156, 201, Protestants 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 212 55, 64, 65. See also Church Presentation Order 170 of Ireland; Presbyterians primary education 107, 170–1 and Irish language 161–2, 163, primary teachers, training of. See 271 teacher education; teacher teacher training colleges 161–2, training colleges 164, 172 Princeton Institute for Advanced Trinity College, association with Study 72 4, 110, 112, 121, 202, 210, private higher education (PHE) 109, 212, 247 435–40 Provisional Government 47 designated providers under PRTLI (Programme for Research in NCEA 439 Tird Level Institutions) for-proft colleges 436, 437–9 402–3, 405, 407, 447 regulation of 438–9 suspension of 407, 410 state aid 436–7 Public Accounts Committee xiv, 31, student nunbers 439 90, 200, 242 validation of programmes 438, 439 public investment in HE. See State private secondary schools 145 funding professional training 28–9, 245–6 Public Service (Temporary university education, and, Economies) Bill, 1933 distinction between 245 66–70, 108, 124 professorial salaries. See academic salaries Programme for Action in Education Q (1984) 331, 333–4, 346 QA. See quality assurance and Programme for International Student qualifcations Assessment (PISA) 453 QQI (Quality and Qualifcations Programme for Prosperity and Fairness Ireland) 398–9, 439 355 Qualifcations (Education and Programme for Research in Tird Training) Act, 1999 372–3 Level Institutions. See quality assurance and qualifcations PRTLI 368, 370, 373, 396, 397–9, Programmes for Advanced 439, 489 Technology 399 institutional review 398 Progressive Democrats (PDs) 365, IUQB 398 367, 424, 429 legislation 372–3, 397–8, 439 542 Index

national framework 393–4. See HEA initiatives 450–1, 452, also NQAI 458–9 teaching and learning 424 Hunt Report 443–4, 446, 447–8, quantity surveying 148 449 Queen’s Colleges 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12 internal restructuring/managerial Queen’s University, Belfast (QUB) reform 410–14 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 59, 64, 112, NUI/TCD initiative 254, 283 135–6 regional collaboration. See senate 10, 18 regional clusters; regional state fnancing 193 collaboration student numbers 11 teacher education 274–7, 290, women students 19–20 336–8, 453–7 Quinn, Ruairi 304, 449, 452, 455, technical and technological educa- 456, 458, 460 tion 266, 285, 343 TCD/CDVEC alliance 291–2 UCD/TCD R distribution of faculties 250, Rabbitte, Pat 305, 401 285, 287, 290, 295–6 Raftery, Adrian 301 merger proposals. See univer- Rasmussen, Werner 259 sity merger Rathmines 273 university governing bodies 445–6 Rathmines Castle 273 RCSI. See Royal College of Surgeons Rathmines College of Commerce in Ireland 263 Reagan administration [USA] 330 Rathmines technical institute Recess Committee 131 (Dublin) 133, 134, 144, recession. See austerity policies; 148, 263 economic crisis Rathmines Urban District Council Recurrent Grant Allocation Model 133 430 rationalisation/restructuring 36, 246, Redmond, O.J. 194, 203 282, 299, 333–4, 435, 441, reforms 389, 449–63, 453–8, 488, 445, 453, 461, 491 491. See also legislation; agriculture and dairy science managerial reform; NPM; faculties 32–5 rationalisation/restructuring Coalition plans (1974) 276, regional clusters 444, 447, 450, 451, 284–90 454, 458–60, 462, 463 consolidation 273, 343, 442, 448, regional collaboration 343–4 450, 451, 453, 454, 460, Regional Technical Colleges. See 461, 462–3, 490 RTCs Index 543 regional universities 457 repositioning of 452 registration fees. See student fees research funding 391, 399, 400, religious divisions 4, 5, 9, 52, 70, 401–8, 410, 413. See also 105, 253, 254, 255. See also research and development Catholic Church; Church (HERD) of Ireland; denominational business funding 406, 487 education; Presbyterians competitiveness 402, 404, 405, decline of 255, 296, 307, 484 407–8, 410, 413, 424, 447, religious education 1, 2, 456 489 religious infuences 105–14, 149, core grant support 430–1 150, 253, 360 increase in 489 integralist Catholicism. See under Research Prioritisation Exercise 406 Catholic Church restructuring. See rationalisation/ religious institutions 109, 485. See restructuring also Catholic colleges retail distribution trades 148 religious orders 18–19, 109, 156, Rhoades, Gary xvi, 388 161, 169, 170, 271, 272, Ringsend Technical Institute 275, 278, 331, 338, 359, (Dublin) 159 485. See also Catholic Robbins Committee [Britain] 262 colleges; Christian Brothers; Robertson commission (1901–03) Jesuit Order; teacher train- 5, 17 ing colleges Robinson, Mary 420 religious tests 4, 7 Rohn, Dr. 142 Relihan, Martina 161 Rome 73 reorganisation of HE. See Roscommon County Council 112 rationalisation/restructuring Ross, Shane 365, 366, 369 Representative Church Body 273 Rowland, Seán 438 republicans 56, 57, 61, 109 Royal College of Physicians 59, 134 research 3, 245, 335, 350, 391, 399, Royal College of Science 32, 35, 490. See also research fund- 129, 131, 134–5, 144 ing; scientifc research closure of, and transfer to UCD national system of innovation 137–41, 143 400–1, 402, 404, 428 Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland research-intensive institutions (RCSI) 28, 58–60, 87, 134, 391, 392, 411, 436, 447 205, 403, 440, 459 transformation of 399–408 presidents of 59 research and development (HERD) Royal Commission. See Geikie 387, 399, 400, 406, 487 Commission 544 Index

Royal Dublin Society 129 St Mary’s College (Twickenham) 280 Royal Hibernian Military School, St Mary’s College, Eccles St. Phoenix Park (Dublin) (Dublin) 19 161–2 St Mary’s College, Marino (Dublin) Royal Irish Academy (RIA) 71, 76 156–7, 164, 272, 275, 338 Royal University 4, 5–6, 9, 10, 134 association with Trinity College dissolution of 7, 15 278, 279 women’s participation 5, 16, 121 St Mary’s College of Domestic RTCs (Regional Technical Colleges) Science (Dublin). See Cathal xii, 144, 146, 256, 257–8, Brugha Street College 259–61, 265, 267, 268, St Nicholas’ Montessori College 281, 282, 283, 287, 293, (Dun Laoghaire) 439 298, 332, 343, 409, 452 St Patrick’s College (Maynooth). See ESF grants 335 Maynooth College governance structure 341 St Patrick’s College (Turles) 456 higher education grants 300 St Patrick’s College, Drumcondra legislation 341, 428 155–6, 166, 167, 171, 275, new colleges 350 276, 338, 438, 454, 455 redesignation as Institutes of BA degree course 339, 342–3 Technology 371–2, 374 day students 271 White Paper proposals 349 female students 272 women’s participation 359, 361 Irish language requirement Ruane, Frances 360, 421 163–4, 165 rural science 159 reconstruction 272 Russia 67, 438 temporary closure 170 Ryan, Mary 20 Salmon, George 16, 18 Ryan, Richie 285 scholarships 28, 114, 194, 271, 298 apprentices 133 local authorities 7, 13, 28, 111, S 112, 118 Sahlberg report 451, 454–7, 462 school leaving age 190, 235–6 St Angela’s College (Sligo) 147, 276 Schrodinger, Erwin 72–7, 80 St Catherine’s College, Sion Hill science 1, 2, 32, 33, 35, 59, 129, (Dublin) 278 130, 132, 134–5, 136, 140, St Enda’s preparatory college 143, 144, 146, 148, 159, (Dublin) 170 207, 238, 253, 254, 262, St James’s Hospital (Dublin) 332 267, 285, 347, 368. See St Mary’s College (Belfast) 156, 157 also agriculture and dairy Index 545

science; applied science; training of 158, 244, 279 health sciences; social Secularists 4 sciences Sexton, Jerry 348 buildings and libraries, public Shannon, Co. Clare 145 investment in 242 Shannon Consortium 447, 459 Cabinet committee on 401 Sheehy-Skefngton, Francis 16 college of. See Royal College of Sheehy-Skefngton, Hanna 16, 420 Science Sheehy-Skefngton, Micheline development of 242 420–1, 423 female participation 357 SIF (strategic innovation fund) historical neglect of 29, 242 395, 407–8, 410, 413, redistribution of university facul- 431, 447 ties 288, 290, 291 Single European Act 345 research in. See scientifc research single European market 345, 347 RTCs, courses in 260, 261 Sinn Féin 14, 60 upgrading of 400–1, 403 SIPTU 421 Science, Technology and Innovation Sisters of Mercy 156, 166, 337. See Advisory Council (STIAC) also Carysfort College 400–1, 403 Sligo Institute of Technology 461 Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Sligo RTC 261 405–6 Smyllie, R.M. 127n scientifc research 400–1, 403, Smyth, Ailbhe, Breaking the Circle 405–6, 407, 426. See also 358, 361, 362, 423 research funding Smyth, Seamus 243 Scotland 17 social action 109 Seanad Éireann (Senate) 40, 59, 63, social class. See socio-economic 78, 294, 365 inequalities Universities Bill, debate on 366–7 social partnership 355, 446 university panels 47, 64, 65, 214, social sciences 107, 253, 267, 286, 286, 297 412, 437 vocational panels 108 downgrading of 413 Second Vatican Council (1962–65) female academics 359 235, 243, 253 research council 402 Second World War 32, 56–7, 71, social studies 295, 296 77–8, 83, 109, 111, 146, socio-economic inequalities 300–1, 169, 188, 189 331, 348, 349, 351, 356, secondary education. See free 419, 434, 442 second-level education efectively maintained inequality secondary teachers (EMI) 416 546 Index

HEA action plans 414, 415, Stranmillis College (Belfast) 157 417–18 strategic dialogue 444, 447–8, 450, sociology 107 452 southern unionists 15, 47, 50, 65 Strategy for Science, Technology and Spectator 5 Innovation 2007-2013 Spens report [UK] 208–9 (SSTI) 426 Springbok tour of Ireland (1969) Strategy for Science Technology and 303 Innovation (SSTI) 407 state control 67, 68, 78, 118 student activism 487 state funding 29, 71, 83–93, 146, student exchange programmes 149, 191–6, 203, 205, 223, 390 335, 352, 436–7, 493. student fees 36, 38, 41, 45, 83, See also under individual 86–7, 90, 91, 93, 194, 195, institutions 294, 424, 427, 439, 490 block grant 430–1 ‘free fees’ initiative 351–2, 353, capital investment 31, 34, 92, 374, 379n, 416, 424, 427, 189, 191, 194, 196, 198, 428–9, 433 238, 239, 241–3, 272–3, reversal of 432–4 329, 332–5, 399, 432 state grant 430 reduction in 407, 434–5 increase in 196, 335, 429, 432–3, temporary freeze 331–2 491 decline in 432–5, 490–1. See also non-EU students 392 austerity policies registration fees 429, 432–3 earmarked funding 431 student fnance 28, 356. See also higher education grants 298–300 higher education grants; medical schools 214–16 scholarships pay cuts dispute 66–70 student protests 302–7 research. See research funding Students for Democratic Action revised allocation model 430 (SDA) 303, 304 science buildings and libraries 242 Students’ Representative Council universities and colleges 31–4 (SRC) 303–4 Steering Committee on Technical students’ unions 306. See also USI Education (1966) 260 Studies 251 STEM disciplines 413, 414, 443 Sullivan, William K. 33 Stillorgan campus (UCD). See Sunday Chronicle 54 Belfeld Sunday Independent 363 Stormont administration 64, 65, sustainability 429–35 157, 190, 214 Sweden 142, 143, 436 Index 547

Swedish Board of Education 142 government activism 159 Switzerland 142, 143 institute of teacher education 455 Irish language/Gaelicisation policy 158–65, 166, 168 T dilution of 271 Tallaght Institute of Technology 459, overcapacity 336 461 preparatory colleges. See prepara- Tallaght RTC 350 tory colleges Tansey, Paul 305 regional collaboration 343–4 TCD. See Trinity College, Dublin selection and entry requirements TCD-UCD Innovation Alliance 159, 270 447, 459 state funding 31, 159 teacher education xi, 30, 107, 134, capital investment 269, 272–3 144, 147, 269–70, 483. retrenchment 336–8, 339 See also secondary teachers; student numbers 169–70, vocational teachers 171–2 B. Ed. programme 167–8, 274–9, women academics 359 281, 454 Teachers Registration Council 158 colleges 275. See also teacher Teachers Union of Ireland. See TUI training colleges teaching and learning 393–9 HEA report 274–6, 283 national forum 396, 431 postgraduate 438, 454 professional development 395 Sahlberg report 453–7, 462 quality enhancement 396 universities, association with 290 Teaching Council 372, 454, 456 teacher training colleges 135, 147, TEASTAS 372 155, 157, 244, 455, 485 Teastas Múinteoira Gaeilge 158 BA degree courses 339, 342–3 technical education 32, 129–34, colleges of education 275 149. See also vocational denominational institutions 172, education 281, 455, 457, 484 commission on 141–4 Catholic colleges 155–7, 163, higher level 133–6, 144, 190, 164, 166, 167, 168, 171, 257, 282, 291–3, 483, 484, 271–2, 275, 276, 278 485, 486. See also CDVEC; Church of Ireland. See Church colleges of technology; DIT; of Ireland Training College Institutes of Technology; (CITC) RTCs; technical institutes departmental committee report closure of College of Science (1929) 166–7 137–41, 143 expansion of 271–4 diversifcation 257–69 548 Index

expansion of 263–8 Tornhill, Don 430 Free State government and Trift, Harry 209, 214 136–50 Trift, William 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, Steering Committee (1966) 56, 57, 71, 73 260 Turles 456 review of 259, 485 Turles RTC 332, 454 technical education committees Tierney, Dan 400–1, 402, 404, 406 (TECs) 132, 133–4 Tierney, Michael 63, 66, 67, 69, 78, technical institutes 133–6, 143, 106, 108, 113, 114, 115, 144, 149, 263. See also 124, 201, 204, 205, 215, RTCs (Regional Technical 216, 217–21 Colleges) and Belfeld project 237, 239 upgrading of 145–6, 370–1 Times, Te 54 Technical Instruction Act, 1889 trade unions 487 129–30 Traill, Anthony 18 technical schools 129, 130, 132, Training of Trainers programme 395 133, 135, 148 Tralee Institute of Technology 461 Technical Schools’ Leaving transformation of HE xi, xiii, 233– Certifcate, proposal for 259 46, 369, 374, 486, 493 Technological Authority, proposal for binary system 281–97 245, 256 diversifcation 257–69. See also technological studies 245 diversifcation technological universities. See TUs expansion. See expansion of HE technology colleges. See colleges of increasing participation 297–302. technology See also access and participa- Technology Foresight Initiative 403, tion; women’s participation 404, 405, 406, 407 rationalisation/restructuring ini- Tatcher, Margaret 330, 347, 460 tiatives. See rationalisation/ thematic clusters 450 restructuring; university theology 2, 107, 207 merger theoretical physics, school of. See research. See under research under Dublin Institute for student dissent 302–7 Advanced Studies teacher education 170–1, 269–81 Tomond College of Education transition courses 335–6 (Limerick) 280, 283, 293, Trinity College, Dublin (TCD) 4, 295, 342, 359 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 66, 73, student protests 303 78, 87, 114, 117, 191, 201, Torn, Richard xi–xiii 237, 285, 363, 459 Index 549 astronomy 73 merger with UCD, proposals building programme 247 for. See university merger Berkeley Library 243 provost 4, 16, 45, 46, 47, 54, Ussher Library 402 56, 122, 198, 201, 249, business studies 295 367, 411, 420, 421. See Catholic bishops’ ecclesiastical also Alton, Ernest; Bernard, ban 110–11, 210, 237, 251, J.H.; Lyons, Leland; 253, 484 McConnell, Albert J.; removal of 254–5, 278 Trift, William CDVEC, partnership with 291–3 honorary degrees, gender dispari- Church of Ireland colleges ties in 43 (CITC/CICE), partnership internal restructuring 286–7, with 167, 277–8 288, 289, 290, 291, 295–6, cleaning and catering staf 361 411–12 clinical science complex (St and Irish language 199 James’s Hospital) 332 Irish state, relations with 47–52, conficting identities 53–8 197–200. See also state British symbols and anthem, funding (below) adherence to 53–5, 57, 198 acceptance of Treaty (1921) 15, debating societies 121 52, 58 education, school of 456 hostile attitudes 111–12, 113, engineering science, faculty of 291 114, 200, 202, 206, 210, Fellowship, membership of 122 211, 212 fnancial crisis 45–6, 48, 51 parliamentary representation Front Square 176 15, 47, 56, 63, 64, 65, 214 governance and leadership 202, matriculation examination 28, 283 305, 412 medical school 58, 59, 60 ambiguities about status 436 postwar development 111 autonomy 4, 217, 246, 247–8, Protestantism and unionism, 249 association with 4, 15, 52, Board xiv, 15, 18, 46–55, 58, 55, 105, 210 112, 167, 193, 198, 199, and second world war 57–8 202, 205, 208, 211–12, social studies 295, 296 243, 246, 248, 253–4, 278, state funding 47–52, 47–58, 60, 289, 290, 291, 304, 305, 193, 197–200, 204, 205, 364, 366, 367 206, 207, 222, 268 Charter and Letters Patent 4, annual grant 213 365, 368 British grant 14–15, 45–7 capital investment 243 550 Index

discrimination 210, 212 U negotiations 197–200, 208–14 UCC (University College Cork) 7, 8, students 12, 14, 60, 159, 280, 285, Catholics 253–4 288, 296, 367, 407, 410 non-Irish and NI students accommodation and buildings 197–8, 210, 247 Biological Building, plans to numbers 189, 246, 247 extend 84 protests 57–8, 302, 303–4, Boole Library 402 305 commission report (1957) 237, union 306, 351, 412 240 teacher education 167, 278, 279 development proposals 192–3, UCD, and 204 Innovation Alliance 447, 459 agriculture 138 merger proposals. See univer- dairy science faculty 32, 33–4, sity merger 38, 61, 112–13, 140 rationalisation of faculties. rural science 159 See under rationalisation/ Catholicisation 12, 106, 107–8 restructuring independent status, ofer of 289 Universities Act, 1997 364, 365, internal restructuring 410–11 368 Irish language policy veterinary medicine 290 (Gaelicisation) 114, 117 women’s participation 16, 18, presidents of 8, 12, 13–14, 61, 19, 120, 121, 122, 123, 106, 113, 114, 116, 202–3, 357 254, 410. See also O’Rahilly, academic posts 20–1, 122, 360 Alfred leadership roles 421 state funding 31, 32–4, 35, 42, Report of the Committee on the 83, 84, 192, 204, 268 Promotion of Women in TCD student fnance, submission on 360 305–6 Trinity Week 53–4 students Trow, Martin 233–4 fees 196 TU4 Dublin 461 numbers 189 TUI (Teachers Union of Ireland) protests 302 437, 461, 487 teacher education 276, 277, 279, tuition fees. See student fees 280 TUs (technological universities) 443, women’s participation 420, 421 448, 460–2 academic posts 20, 122, 123, rationale for 461–2 360–1 Index 551

administrative posts 361 Irish language policy students 120, 357 (Gaelicisation) 13, 71, 114, UCD (University College Dublin) 116–17, 118–19 8, 11–12, 32, 60, 63, 73–4, Literary and Historical Society 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 114, 119 178, 201, 210, 212, 285–6, medical school 11, 120, 216, 283 288, 296, 367, 459 merger with TCD, proposals for. Academic Staf Association (ASA) See university merger 251, 305 philosophy, school of 107 agriculture, faculty of 32, 33, 35, redistribution of faculties 286–7, 38, 112–13, 140 288, 289, 290, 291, 295, transfer of College of Science 296 137–41 state funding 31, 32–3, 71, architecture, school of 135 83–92, 116, 117, 205, 268 buildings and development 191, annual grants 33, 35, 42, 192 192, 196, 201, 205, 217 appeals for 84–5, 89–91, 204 accommodation crisis 196, student fees 196 205, 237–9 students Earlsfort Terrace. See Earlsfort ‘Gentle Revolution’ (1968-69) Terrace 304–5 Merrion Street 33, 137 numbers 11, 83, 189 St Stephen’s Green (Jesuit col- protests 57–8, 119, 302, lege) 5, 7, 10, 11–12, 121 303–5 renovation of ‘86,’ 84, 85 union 306, 351, 411 student protests 306 transfer to Belfeld campus transfer to Belfeld 238–9. See teacher education 276–7, 279 also Belfeld campus University College Dublin Bill Catholic infuences 12, 106, 201 1934, 117 education, school of 118, 456 veterinary medicine 290–1 governance and leadership women’s participation 19, 121 independent status, ofer of women’s participation 289 academics 20, 122, 360 presidents 8, 10, 79, 106, 118, administrative posts 361 201, 290, 411. See also gender disparities in promo- Tierney, Michael tions 420 transformation of 411 leadership roles 421 Irish department 114, 116, 117 students 16, 19, 120, 121, 357 552 Index

UCG (University College Galway) unionists 4–5, 8, 9, 10, 15, 46, 64, 13, 36–7, 140, 202, 276, 130, 131, 214, 455. See also 284, 285, 288, 296 southern unionists accommodation needs United Kingdom 188, 330, 421, 436, commission report (1957) 237, 446, 488. See also Britain 240 United States of America 330, 447, Catholicisation 12, 106 488 development and expansion 193, universal knowledge 1, 2, 44 202 Universities Act, 1997 362, 367–70, fnances and funding 372, 397, 398, 409, 488 annual grant 36, 41, 42, 193, 195 Bill (1996–7) and amendments capital investment 242 364–7 salaries 36, 37, 41, 193, 196 key provisions 368–9 student fees 196 position paper (1995) 362–4 independent status, ofer of 289 university autonomy 3, 4, 27, 43, Irish language (Gaelicisation) 36, 68, 89, 244, 245, 256, 37–45, 60, 116, 124, 195–6 414, 448. See also academic academic appointments 41, freedom 42–3, 44 Universities Act, 1997 368, 369 legislation (UCG Act, 1929) University College Cork. See UCC 42–3, 44 University College Dublin. See UCD presidents of 8, 37, 39, 106, 193, University College Galway. See UCG 202. See also de Brún, Mgr. university colleges xi, 7–8, 19, 67 Padraig university education 1–2, 7, 30 science and library complex 242 elite system. See elite system student numbers 44 entrance to. See entrance tests; student protests 302 matriculation examinations Universities Bill, 1996, criticism expansion of 297–8. See also of 364–5 expansion of HE UL (University of Limerick) 340, 342, female participation. See women’s 343, 363, 409, 447, 456 participation president of. See Walsh, Edward government policies and attitudes Ulster Presbyterianism 10. See 30, 31, 32, 187–8, 190. also Magee College; See also educational policy; Presbyterians Free State government; Ulster unionists 8, 214. See also legislation; state funding unionists benign neglect 92–3 ultramontane Catholicism xii, 1, 390 intensifcation of state interven- unemployment 171 tion 346 Index 553

merger proposals. See university Van Vught, Frans 457, 462 merger Vaughan, Frances 115 ministerial committee 204–5 VEC colleges. See CDVEC; Vocational ‘Irish question,’ settlement of Education Committees 4–10, 15, 28, 67 veterinary medicine 114, 253, 287, Newman’s ideal 1–2, 29, 244, 250 290–1 professional training, and, distinc- Victoria College (Belfast) 17 tion between 245 Victorian morality 16, 17, 87–8, 92, purposes of 1–4, 28–9 123 ranking systems 392, 411 Vietnam War 302 vocational concept of 28–9 Vincentian Order 156 University Education (Agricultural vocational education 2, 3, 28–9, and Dairy Science) Act, 135, 141, 144–5, 149, 150, 1926 32–3 244, 245, 246, 260, 261, university leaders. See under govern- 268, 269, 301, 307, 345, ance and leadership 372, 399, 487. See also tech- university merger (TCD/UCD) 211, nical education; Vocational 217, 220, 237, 238, 239, Education Committees 245, 283, 287, 457, 458 (VECs); vocational schools Burke’s plan 284–5 of graduates 334 Lenihan’s plan 252–3 higher level 30, 134, 145–9, McQuaid and 248, 249, 250, 263–7, 281–2, 342. See also 251, 255 RTCs; technical institutes NUI/TCD initiative 254, 283 inferior status of 146 O’Malley’s proposal 246–52, 253, training courses 335–6 255, 258, 484 Vocational Education Act, 1930 144, TCD views 251, 253 145 UCD views 251–2, 253 Vocational Education Committees University of Dublin 6, 10, 173, (VECs) xi, 30, 134, 144, 285. See also Trinity College, 145, 147, 148, 158, 159, Dublin; university merger 258, 263, 282, 374. See also University of Ulster 437 CDVEC University of Vienna 80 apprenticeship training 258–9 USI (Union of Students in Ireland) colleges 145–9, 263–7, 281–2, 288, 299, 305, 337 291–2, 293, 341, 485. See also RTCs RTCs, role in governance of 341, V 409 Vaira, Massimiliano x–xvi, 330, 388 training of vocational teachers Valiulis, M. 423 279–80 554 Index vocationalism 108 White, Tony xvi, 256, 267, 343, 486 vocational panels (Seanad) 108 Whittaker, E.T. 71, 72, 75, 79, 80, vocational schools 144–5, 190, 259, 82 335 Williams, T. Desmond 63 vocational teachers 190, 275 Williams, W.J. 118, 119 training of 158–9, 279–80 Wilson, John 293, 294–5, 296, 300 Von Humboldt, Wilhelm 2–3, 27, Windle, Bertram 12, 13–14 168, 244, 344, 391 Winkelman, Mr. 246 Von Prondzynski, Ferdinand 441 women teachers 169, 171, 172 women’s colleges 12, 16, 17, 18–19 women’s participation 5, 16–21, W 120, 272 Walsh, Edward 262, 288, 339–40, academic staf 20–1, 122, 409 358–62, 420–3 Walshe, John 366, 455 administrative posts 361, 423 Walshe, Joseph 73 discriminatory practices. See gen- Walsh, L. 111–12 der disparities; marriage bar Walsh, William, archbishop of governance and leadership roles Dublin 6, 7–8, 61, 121, 20, 121, 361, 420, 421–2, 135, 484 423 NUI Chancellor, as 10, 14, 19 Irish Universities Act 1908, 18 Washington Advisory Group 411 institutional resistance 16, 120–1, Waterford college. See De La Salle 123 College, Newtown misogynistic attitudes 123 Waterford Institute of Technology new opportunities 358 (WIT) 371, 373, 460, 461 social segregation 121, 122 Waterford RTC 261, 371 students 19–20, 120–1, 357–8 Webb, D.A. 49, 52, 212 tokenism 420 Weimar Republic 80 Workers’ Educational Association 11 West Germany 188, 298 Workers Party 341 Westminster 14, 15, 46 World Bank loan (1970) 265 West, Trevor 294 Wrixon, Gerry 410–11 Whitaker, T.K. 235, 241, 294, 295 NUI Chancellor, as 277, 363, 364 White, Henrietta 17 Z White Papers 190, 284, 296, 333, Zurich 142 343, 347. See also Charting our Education Future (1995) Educational Development (1980) 296–7, 350