The Meaning of Love As Seen in Matthew Charles Sanders’ “Warmness on the Soul”

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THE MEANING OF LOVE AS SEEN IN MATTHEW CHARLES SANDERS’ “WARMNESS ON THE SOUL”

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro Student Number: 141214064

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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THE MEANING OF LOVE AS SEEN IN MATTHEW CHARLES SANDERS’ “WARMNESS ON THE SOUL”

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

By Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro Student Number: 141214064

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018

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DEDICATION PAGE

“You rise you fall You down then you rise again What don't kill you will make you more strong” Metallica – Broken, Beat & Scarred

“They don't understand you And they hate what they don't understand You are more than they'll ever know” Arch Enemy – Reason to Believe

I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to:

Jesus Christ

Drs. Ag. Sardjono Hadisurjo Sri Suwantini

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STATEMENTS OF WORK'S ORIGINALITY

I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references as a scientific paper should.

Yogyakarta, September 10, 2018

The Writer

Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertandata tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro Nomor Mahasiswa : 141214064 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:

THE MEANING OF LOVE AS SEEN IN MATTHEW CHARLES SANDERS’ “WARMNESS ON THE SOUL” beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 10 September 2018

Yang menyatakan

Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro

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ABSTRACT

Widiasmoro, Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo. (2018). The Meaning of Love as Seen in Matthew Charles Sanders' “Warmness on the Soul”. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.

This study analyzes a song entitled “Warmness on the Soul” written by Matthew Charles Sanders, the vocalist of an American heavy metal band, Avenged Sevenfold. It tells about the love between a man and his lover. He gives his heart because he is being loved by his lover. The aim of this study is to reveal the meaning of love in Matthew Charles Sanders' song, “Warmness on the Soul”. In order to reveal the meaning of love in the song, the researcher has formulated two problems. They are “How is the character 'I' described in the Matthew Charles Sanders’ song 'Warmness on the Soul'?” and “What is the meaning of love in Matthew Charles Sanders' song 'Warmness on the Soul'?”. There are two sources used in this study. The primary source is the song “Warmness on the Soul”, written by Matthew Charles Sanders. The secondary sources are taken from printed books, e-books, and the internet. There are theories applied in this study, namely theory of poetry, theory of character, theory of characterization, theory of motivation, and theory of love. The approach used in this study is psychological approach. Based on the analysis, there are two findings. The first finding shows “I” is loyal, loving, and dependent. The second finding is the meaning of love in the song. It is divided into literal meaning and deeper meaning. The literal meaning of love in the song is categorized as companionate love. The deeper meaning of love in the song is categorized as agape, love between human and God. There are two suggestions in this study. The first is that the song “Warmness on the Soul” can be used as one of the materials to teach in Poetry class, or in Listening class. The second suggestion is for the future researchers. The researcher suggests that the future researchers use post-structuralism approach and deconstruction theory to find the deeper meaning of the song.

Keywords: Warmness on the Soul, Avenged Sevenfold, meaning, love

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ABSTRAK

Widiasmoro, Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo. (2018). The Meaning of Love as Seen in Matthew Charles Sanders' “Warmness on the Soul”. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisis sebuah lagu berjudul “Warmness on the Soul” yang ditulis oleh Matthew Charles Sanders, penyanyi dari sebuah band heavy metal dari Amerika Serikat, Avenged Sevenfold. Lagu ini bercerita tentang cinta antara seseorang dan yang ia cintai. Ia memberikan hatinya karena ia telah dicintai oleh yang ia cintai. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengungkap makna cinta dari lagu “Warmness on the Soul” karya Matthew Charles Sanders. Untuk mengungkap makna cinta pada lagu tersebut, peneliti telah merumuskan dua masalah. Rumusan masalah tersebut adalah “Bagaimana 'I' dideskripsikan pada lagu Matthew Charles Sanders, 'Warmness on the Soul'?” dan 'Apa makna cinta dari lagu Matthew Charles Sanders, 'Warmness on the Soul'?”. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua sumber. Sumber utama adalah lagu “Warmness on the Soul” yang ditulis oleh Matthew Charles Sanders. Sumber kedua diambil dari buku cetak, e-book, dan dari internet. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori- teori, seperti teori puisi, teori karakter, teori karakterisasi, teori motivasi, dan teori cinta. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologis. Bedasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, terdapat dua hasil penelitian. Hasil pertama menunjukkan bahwa “I” adalah sosok yang setia, penuh kasih, dan sosok yang bergantung pada orang lain. Hasil kedua adalah makna cinta pada lagu tersebut yang dibagi menjadi makna tertulis dan makna mendalam. Makna tertulis dari cinta pada lagu tersebut dikategorikan sebagai cinta sejawat, cinta antara sepasang kekasih. Makna mendalam dari cinta pada lagu tersebut adalah cinta antara manusia dan Tuhan. Pada penelitian ini, terdapat dua saran. Saran pertama adalah lagu “Warmness on the Soul” dapat digunakan di kelas Poetry sebagai contoh puisi cinta, atau sebagai latihan mendengarkan pada kelas Listening. Saran kedua adalah saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya. Peneliti menyarankan agar peneliti selanjutnya menggunakan pendekatan post strukturalisme dan teori dekonstruksi untuk menemukan makna mendalam dari lagu tersebut.

Kata kunci: Warmness on the Soul, Avenged Sevenfold, meaning, love

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my special gratitude to the one and only

Jesus Christ. His never ending blessing is always with me from the start until now.

Without His blessings, I would not have been able to finish this study.

I would like to express my special gratitude to my advisor, Drs. Antonius

Herujiyanto, M.A., Ph.D., for his time, guidance, and patience during the thesis writing. Without his guidance and suggestions, this study would not have finished.

I would also like to express my gratitude to my academic advisor, Monica

Ella Harendita, S.Pd., M.Ed., for her guidance for four years. She is the best academic advisor for me.

My special gratitude goes to my mother, Sri Suwantini, for her sacrifice, support, patience, and love for me. I thank her for the hugs that always give me strength to finish everything that I start, especially my thesis. My gratitude goes to my father, Ki Dalang Drs. Agustinus Sardjono Hadisurjo, who always pushes me to do the best. I thank him for being a perfect example of perseverance, hard work, and heart work.

I would like to give my very special thanks to my brothers in campus,

Herda Pramundito, S.Pd., and Yoseph Yulian Setyadi, S.Pd., for their time in helping me to finish this thesis. Without their kindness to share their knowledge, this thesis could never have finished. My special thanks go to Johan Tobias

Kristiano, S.Pd., and Lisahagni Ditaya, S.Pd., for proofreading this thesis.

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My special thanks go to my brother, Cahyo Roso Tunggal, S.Pd., for the sharing, tips, and tricks to survive in PBI. My special thanks to my sisters,

Hapsari Aji Sesanti, A.Md., and Maria Indah Purnani Sarjana, S.Sos., for the motivation and support. My special thanks go to my nephews and nieces, Juan,

Mikael “Iil”, Deeva, Tristan, and Yoshia for their support and love.

I would like to thank my C6 2014 and B4 2014 classmates for being together all this time. I will miss the moments we spent together. I would like to thank Mercy Krisita Omega Putri for her support, motivation, and love through the time in writing this thesis. I would like to thank everyone in EEPro, I love them all. I would like to thank my band mates Venomous, my friends in

Jogjakarta Corpse Grinder, and Metal Aggression. I would like to thank Unun,

“Simbah” Ian, Wendi, Teddy, Eka, Vinsen, Vero, Nanda, Devita, Luna, Nico

“Karius”, Reza, Diyin, Chan, Danin, Aven and everyone who wants to know me, be-friended with me in campus, and sharing their time together. I cannot mention them all one by one, but they know who they are. I thank them for everything.

Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page TITLE ...... i APPROVAL PAGE ...... ii DEDICATION PAGE ...... iv STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...... v PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ...... vi ABSTRACT ...... vii ABSTRAK ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xi LIST OF APPENDICES ...... xiii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Research Questions ...... 3 C. Significance of the Study ...... 4 D. Definition of Terms ...... 4 1. “Warmness on the Soul” ...... 4 2. Avenged Sevenfold ...... 5 3. Matthew Charles Sanders ...... 5 4. Deeper Meaning ...... 5 5. Love ...... 6 6. Lyric ...... 6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 7 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 7 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 8 C. Context of the Song ...... 21 D. Theoretical Framework ...... 22

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CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ...... 24 A. Object of the Study ...... 24 B. Approach of the Study ...... 25 C. Method of the Study ...... 25

CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS ...... 27 A. The Character “I” in the Song Lyrics ...... 27 B. The Meaning of Love in “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics ...... 32 1. Literal Meaning ...... 32 2. Deeper Meaning ...... 37

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ...... 43 A. Conclusion...... 43 B. Implication ...... 44 C. Suggestion ...... 45

REFERENCES ...... 46 APPENDICES ...... 49

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices Page

Appendix I Warmness on the Soul Song Lyrics ...... 50 Appendix II Biography of Matthew Charles Sanders ...... 51

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, there are four parts that are provided by the researcher. They are background of the study, research questions, significance of the study, and definition of terms. In background of the study, the researcher describes the reasons of conducting the study and choosing the lyrics. In research questions, the researcher provides two research questions that will be answered and discussed in this study. In significance of the study, the researcher gives some advantages from the study. Definition of terms provides the definition of the keywords in this study.

A. Background of the Study

Song is a beautiful art which combines music and literary work or lyrics.

Lyrics can be found in poetry, one of three major genres in literature. Poetry represents people's experience through words. However, a song is not only a piece of art. It also brings the messages or meaning through its lyrics. Sometimes, the audience feels the lyrics are in accordance with their experiences, or the lyrics are inspiring for them. The song writers usually pour their ideas, feeling, expression or even critiques in their lyrics. Nevertheless, the messages or meanings are not always shown explicitly, but sometimes implicitly.

“Warmness on the Soul” is a song from a metalcore/heavy metal band named Avenged Sevenfold. It is listed on their first album entitled “Sounding the

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Seventh Trumpet,” through Good Life Recordings in 2001. The song was written by the vocalist, Matthew Charles Sanders, and it tells about love. The lyrics tell about a man who tells how big his love for his beloved is. It tells that the man's lover always loves him. Then, the lover is always with him in every condition.

Therefore, the man also loves his lover with all of his heart.

In “Warmness on the Soul,” Sanders wrote the lyrics as he knew that literature could reflect human's experience. Perrine (1969) claims that poetry exists to give people the sense of life, as well as the perception of life, and also to expand and sharpen our relationship with existence. Matthew Charles Sanders enters the world of poetry by describing life experiences through his lyrics. As a genre in literature, poetry reflects human's life and experiences through words. Perrine

(1969) states that “poetry can be used as a gear for stepping up the intensity and increasing the range of our experiences and as a glass for clarifying it” (p. 4).

Poetry helps us to feel and understand other people's experiences through words.

Perrine (1969) also adds that “as human being, we have an inner need to live more deeply and fully and with greater awareness, to know the experience of others and to know better our own experiences” (p. 4). In short, poetry can help us to live our life more deeply by building a connection between our own experiences and other people experiences.

The reason in analyzing “Warmness on the Soul” is because it is a love- themed song, which is quite rare in the heavy metal music. Pareles (1988) states that “heavy metal is a major subspecies of hard-rock—the breed with less

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3 syncopation, less blues, more showmanship and more brute force". Heavy metal song lyrics usually tell about, social life, politics, injustice, even death and hell

(Weinstein, 2009). The lyrical themes in heavy metal discuss about something which are not usually presented by pop bands. They focus on “poetics of destruction” (Bennett, 2008). Thus, it can be said that love-themed songs are rare in heavy metal music. Then, “Warmness on the Soul” is Avenged Sevenfold’s first love-themed song. In the lyrics, Sanders puts the words which show exactly the song is a love-themed song. However, it is not clear who or what declares his/her love and to whom or what his/her love is addressed. Sanders uses “I” as a medium to express his idea in the song lyrics. Besides, “I” is commonly used in literary works as first person pronoun. Thus, the researcher wants to find out how the character “I” is described in the Matthew Charles Sanders’ “Warmness on the

Soul” song lyrics. It is a medium to reveal the meaning of love as described in the song lyrics. Furthermore, the researcher wants to analyze and explore the lyrics using the Psychological Approach. The researcher uses the approach to understand the meaning of love in the lyrics from the human psychology point of view.

Therefore, this study aims to reveal the meaning of love as described in Matthew

Charles Sanders' song, “Warmness on the Soul”.

B. Research Questions

The research questions in this study can be formulated as follows:

1. How is the character “I” described in Matthew Charles Sanders’ song

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“Warmness on the Soul?”

2. What is the meaning of love as seen in Matthew Charles Sanders' song

“Warmness on the Soul?”

C. Significance of the Study

This research has some benefits for the readers. This research is beneficial for those who want to know deeper about Avenged Sevenfold's songs. Then, this research can be a reference to conduct a research on song lyrics, especially from heavy metal bands. Furthermore, this research is also beneficial in the teaching field. This research can be a good example for English students to increase their knowledge on analyzing poetry using psychological approach. This research is also beneficial as a reference for researcher who wants to conduct a research using psychological approach.

D. Definition of Terms

In this part, the researcher provides some explanations of the terms related to the study in order to clarify the meaning, and also to avoid misunderstanding.

The terms are “Warmness on the Soul”, Avenged Sevenfold, Matthew Charles

Sanders, deeper meaning, love, and lyric.

1. “Warmness on the Soul”

“Warmness on the Soul” is a song from Avenged Sevenfold, an American metalcore/heavy metal band. It listed on the Avenged Sevenfold's first album

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5 entitled “Sounding the Seventh Trumpet,” through Good Life Recordings in 2001.

Its music and lyrics were written by Matthew Charles Sanders, the vocalist of

Avenged Sevenfold. “Warmness on the Soul” is a love-themed song.

2. Avenged Sevenfold

Avenged Sevenfold is a metalcore/heavy metal band from Huntington

Beach, California. It was formed in 1999 by Matthew Charles Sanders, Zachary

James Baker, James Owen Sullivan, and Matt Wendt. The current members are

Matthew Charles Sanders, Zachary James Baker, Brian Haner Jr., Jonathan

Seward, and Brooks Wackerman. The name Avenged Sevenfold was inspired from the story of Cain and Abel that can be found in the Holy Bible, even though they are not a religious band (as cited in Decker, 2003). Avenged Sevenfold has released seven studio albums, two compilation albums, one video albums, and numbers of singles.

3. Matthew Charles Sanders

Matthew Charles Sanders, or better known as M. Shadows, is the vocalist, songwriter, as well as the founding member of Avenged Sevenfold. He was born on July 31, 1981 at Huntington Beach, California. He has several variations of vocal style to fit the Avenged Sevenfold's music style. He can play some musical instrument also, such as piano, organ, guitar, and drums. Sanders is listed on Top

25 Greatest Modern Frontmen by Ultimate Guitar.

4. Deeper Meaning

Deeper meaning or true meaning is implicit meaning that is told for the

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6 sake of us (Barnet, 1994). On this study, the deeper meaning can be discovered by analyzing the song lyrics deeper using the psychological approach. The aim of discovering the deeper meaning of the song lyrics is to reveal the meaning of love in “Warmness on the Soul” song.

5. Love

Love is an intense feeling of deep affection. May (2007) states that love is constituted and enriched by our sense of mortality. Love also means a strong feeling of affection and sexual attraction for someone. Besides, love can be interpreted as a great interest and pleasure in something.

6. Lyric

According to Kennedy and Gioia (1999), “as its Greek name suggests, a lyric was a poem sung to the music of a lyre” (p.656). The meaning remains more less the same today. Usually, the poet will write a lyric in the first person, but not always (Kennedy and Gioia, 1999).

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter consists of four parts. They are review of related studies, review of related theories, context of the song, and theoretical framework. The review of related studies provides the review of other related studies on the same topic. In review of related theories, the researcher presents the theories and approaches that are used in this study. The context of the song provides the review of the object of the study and subject matter in it. Then, theoretical framework provides the contribution of the theories and reviews applied in this study to answer the research questions.

A. Review of Related Studies

In this part, the researcher found a previous undergraduate study that related to this study. There are some studies that discuss the similar topic, but the researcher focuses on the study conducted by Pramundito (2016) entitled The True

Meaning of Heathcliff’s Love as Seen in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. It focused on finding the meaning of love. Thus, the researcher used the study as one of the references to conduct the research.

In his study, Pramundito (2016) described Heathcliff’s characteristics as introvert, reserved, intelligent, greedy, pessimistic, superstitious, disciplined, irritable and vengeful. Heathcliff’s characteristics influenced the meaning of

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Heathcliff’s love. Afterwards, Pramundito (2016) divided the true meaning of

Heathcliff’s love into two parts; literal and deeper meaning. The literal meaning of

Heathcliff’s love is categorized as maniac type of love because Heathcliff has obsession about a woman named Catherine. The deeper meaning of Heathcliff’s love is a spiritual love. Even though Heathcliff and Catherine are not together when they are alive, their souls are together after they are dead. Thus, the true meaning of Heathcliff’s love is an immortal love.

However, this study is different from the previous study mentioned above.

The researcher uses “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics as the primary datum of this study. Meanwhile, the study above uses Wuthering Heights novel as the primary datum.

B. Review of Related Theories

In this part, the researcher presents the theories and approaches that are used in the research. They are decorum, theory of poetry, the psychological approach, and theories of character, characterization, motivation, and love.

1. Decorum

Decorum is an essential thing that needs to be considered in the world of poetry. Decorum derives from Latin as a literary term, denoting suitability of style.

It deals with the conformity between the style of the poet and the mood of his/her poems. Simpson (1967) states that decorum is “the principle of suiting the style to the subject” (p. 10). Based on this statement, the poet's style should fit the subject

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9 matter and the mood of the poem. Dobyns (1989) makes it clearer that “decorum is in general the poet's ethical voice, the modification of his own voice to the voice of a character or to the vocal tone demanded by subject or mood” (p.98). Simpson

(1967) also adds that “the style is also determined by the necessity to make the reader see and feel” (p. 10). Therefore, the style should be appropriate to the speaker, the situation, and also the subject matter. In this study, this principle is used to clarify Matthew Charles Sanders’ decorum in suiting “Warmness on the

Soul” song lyrics.

2. Theory of Poetry

Klarer (1999) states that “poetry is one of the oldest genres in literary history” (p. 28). Then, Perrine (1969) argues that “poetry is as universal as language and almost as ancient” (p. 3). From those statements, it can be seen that poetry has already existed for a long time. Therefore, poetry has been a part of human life, and could reflect human's experience. Perrine (1969) states that

“poetry can be used as a gear for stepping up the intensity and increasing the range of our experiences and as a glass for clarifying it” (p. 4). Perrine (1969) also adds that “as human being, we have an inner need to live more deeply and fully and with greater awareness, to know the experience of others and to know better our own experiences” (p. 4). Thus, poetry can connect human experiences and other people’s experiences.

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Kennedy and Gioia (2002) categorize poetry into three major categories. a. Lyric Poetry

Lyric poetry is a short poem which expresses the thoughts and feelings of a speaker. The poet usually writes a lyric in the first person point of view, but not always. Instead, a lyric might describe an object or recall an experience without the speaker's ever bringing himself or herself into it. Generally, lyric poetry refers to poem which made for singing (p.10). In addition, Kennedy and Gioia (1999) states that “most poems are more memorable than most ordinary speech, and when music is combined with poetry the result can be more memorable still” (p.787). b. Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry is a poem that the main purpose is to tell a story. It is similar to fiction in characters, settings, and storyline (p. 12). c. Dramatic Poetry

Dramatic poetry is a poem that provides the voice of an imaginary character(s) speaking directly, without any additional narration by the author. It is frequently called as a dramatic monologue (p. 15).

Every type of poetry has the stanza. Stanza is “a recurring pattern of two or more lines of verse, poetry's equivalent to the paragraph in prose” (Kennedy and

Gioia, 2002, p.679). It means that stanza is an essential part in poetry. It is the basic thing that a poem should have. Furthermore, there is a part named refrain that is described as “words, phrases, or lines repeated at intervals in a song or song-like poem” (Kennedy and Gioia, 2002, p.145). Kennedy and Gioia (2002)

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11 state that there are several types of stanza. They are: a. Couplet

Couplet is a stanza that consists of two lines. It is usually rhymed and its lines tend to equal in length. b. Tercet

Tercet is a stanza that consists of three lines. Tercet can be a rhymed or an unrhymed tercet. If it is rhymed, it tends to end in the same rhyme. c. Quatrain

Quatrain is a stanza that consists of four lines. It is also the most common stanza used in English-language poetry. Quatrain is commonly used in more rhymed poems. It has some rhyme schemes, such as abba, aabb, abab, and abcb. d. Quintain

Quintain is a stanza that consists of five lines. It is also called a quintet or a cinquain. Abbba, aabba, ababb, and abcba are some examples of quintain’s rhyme scheme. e. Sestet

A six-lined stanza is called a sestet. It has several rhyme schemes, such as abcabc, ababcc, aabccb, and aabaab. f. Septet

Septet is a stanza that has seven lines. It includes large number of metrical and rhyme schemes.

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12 g. Octave

It is a stanza that consists of eight lines. Usually, it rhymed as ababcdcd.

Another essential thing in poetry is theme. Theme is “the central thought of the poem” (Kennedy and Gioia, 2002, p. 8). However, poetry needs special treatment due to its complexity. Kennedy and Gioia (2002) suggest that it needs

“to be read slowly, carefully and attentively” (p. 5).

3. Psychological Approach

The researcher uses psychological approach to answer the research questions. According to Atkinson (1981), psychological approach emphasizes on how personality develops. While, Rohrberger and Woods (1971) state that psychological approach is used to analyze the personality development of the character through the action and thought. Thus, this approach is suitable in analyzing the personality of the main character in the song lyrics.

Psychoanalysis is the combination between cognition, emotion, conscious and unconscious process, rational self-directed behavior and instinct-driven action

(Freud, 1958). Barry (2002) also states that psychoanalysis is used to find the proof of unresolved emotions, psychological conflicts and ambivalences. Since it is related to emotion and cognition, this approach is used to reveal the meaning of love as depicted in the lyrics of the song.

In order to make people understand easily about how personality develops,

Freud (1962) divides the structure of mind into three ideas namely id, ego, and super-ego. Further, the detailed explanation will be presented below:

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13 a. Id

Freud (1962) states that id is concluded as the pleasure principle. The id always seeks pleasure. It works to gain satisfaction for instinctual needs, without considering the consequences. It needs to be fulfilled immediately. Freud (1962) states that the id is primary process thinking. It is a typical of unconscious mental process and driven by the pleasure principle. Thus, id is completely unconscious. b. Ego

Unlike the id, the ego is directed by “reality principle”. It means that ego satisfies the needs through realistic and appropriate ways. According to Freud,

Strachey, and Gay (1989), ego takes control over the demands of the instinct, decides whether they are to be allowed, postpones or even suppresses the satisfaction. Freud, et al (1989) state that “the ego strives after pleasure and seeks to avoid unpleasure” (p. 15). It is principally decided by the person’s own experience. c. Super-ego

Freud (1958) states that super-ego is “the last component of personality to develop.” It has acquired from the parents and society. According to Freud (1958),

“the super-ego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make ego behave morally, rather than realistically”. Freud, et al (1989) state that “the super-ego the influence, essentially, of what is taken over from other people” (p. 16). Super-ego has two parts, the ego ideal and the conscience. The ego ideal deals with the rules and standards for good behaviors. Feelings of accomplishment, pride, and value

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14 are the result of following the rules. On the other hand, the conscience deals with the information that viewed as bad behaviors. These behaviors lead to punishments, bad consequences, and feeling of guilt.

4. Character

Abrams (2005) states that characters are people or a person in literary work, which are carrying some messages to the reader that expressed in the text.

Henkle (1977) classifies the term character into two categories. They are major character and minor character. The major character has to get full attention. It also has the key structural function in the song. Thus, the major character plays an important role in deliver the messages to the reader or audience. On the other hand, the minor character presents limited and less complex function than the major character (p. 80).

5. Characterization

There are two choices in characterization to get the information about the character. The first is explicit characterization, and the second is implicit characterization. Explicit characterization means that the author tells the character as he/she/it is. On the contrary, implicit characterization means that the reader must infer how the character is. Meanwhile, Murphy (1972) gives more detailed explanation through nine ways to make the readers understand easily about the characters and to make the characters more alive. There are the nine ways:

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15 a. Personal Description

The author describes the character through the physical appearances such as clothes, skin color, and face. b. Character as Seen by Another

The author shows the character through the other characters' eyes to get the reflected image of the character. c. Speech

The author gives the readers the clues of the character through what the person says. d. Past Life

The readers are given some clues about the character from the past life of the character. e. Conversation of Others

The author gives some clues about the character through the conversation of the other people in the story and everything related to the character. f. Reactions

The author provides some clues of the character by letting the readers know how the character reacts to the situations, conditions, or events. g. Direct Comment

The author gives direct comment in order to describe the character. It is similar to personal description, but the difference is located on the direct conversation.

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16 h. Thoughts

The author gives the readers direct knowledge of what the character is thinking about. In this part, the readers can understand about the character through what the character is thinking about. i. Mannerisms

The author describes the character mannerisms and the habits of the character that can provide something about the character to the readers.

6. Theory of Motivation

Aiken (1969) states that motivation “refers to an inferred internal state of the organism which arouses activity and directs the organism's behavior toward certain objects or conditions called goals” (p. 110). Since motivation always related to behavior, it is true that a motive or motivation explains the behavior.

Aiken (1969) provides an example that an animal is hungry because it is observed eating food and an animal eating food because it is hungry. It is clearly seen that motivation is about feed the behavior and how to reach the goals. Since it is inferred from behavior, Aiken (1969) states that motivation cannot be measured directly, but indirectly determined from observed behavior. Aiken (1969) divides observed behavior into three parts; they are performance in some situations, internal bodily process, and verbal report.

In addition, Maslow (1954) provides theory about the hierarchy of needs in order to understand the motivation. It is commonly used in classifying the human motives. The needs are divided into five parts, they are:

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17 a. Physiological Needs

Physiological needs are related to the basic of human needs. Those needs are the most important and the main human needs. Physiological needs include the needs of sustainability such as air, water, sleep, food, and shelter. These needs should be fulfilled first before the person is motivated by the higher needs. b. Safety Needs

Safety needs are related to the preference of security, for example the protection toward danger, seizure, and threat. Safety needs include personal, financial, and health security. c. Belongingness and Love Needs

Belongingness and love needs are the third level of needs. These needs come when the physiological and safety needs are fulfilled. Maslow (1954) states that people need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance from their social groups. Maslow (1954) mixes two urges to give and recieve love. Giving love is more than an instinct given by nature. On the other hand, recieving love is a way to get rid of rejection and loneliness. d. Esteem Needs

These needs deal with the stable of self-respect and self-esteem needs from themselves, as well as from the others. Those needs include achievement, adequacy, reputation, strength, and independence or feedom. There are two self- esteem versions. The first version deals with the respect from other people,

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18 including attention, prestige, status, and recognition. Whereas, the second version deals with the respect from themselves. e. Self-Actualization Needs

Self-actualization needs represent the growth of a human on fulfillment of the highest needs. Maslow (1954) states that “what a man can be, he must be”. In another words, these needs related with human desire to accomplish everything they can, and become the most that one can be. Each individual may specifically focuses on this need. For example, an individual has a strong desire to be the best musician.

7. Theory of Love

May (2007) states that “love is not only enriched by our sense of mortality but constituted by it” (p. 77). Love is the cross-fertilization between mortality and immortality (May, 2007). Moreover, Sternberg (1986) states that love is a term of three components which formed to a triangle. There are the three components: a. Intimacy

Intimacy refers to feelings of closeness, connectedness, and bondedness to each other in relationships. This component deals the experience of warmth in relationships. b. Passion

Passion refers to the lead to romance, physical attraction, sexual consumption, and related phenomena in relationships.

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19 c. Commitment

Commitment refers to, in the short-term, the decision that one loves someone to each other or in other words, the commitment or decision to start a relationship. In the long-term, it refers to their commitment to maintain that love for a long time.

Then, Sternberg (1986) adds that the components of love and everything related to it can be understood clearer by following the kinds of love. There are eight kinds of love that can support his idea. a. Non-love

Non-love represents a personal relationship that simply and does not characterize of love at all. It refers to the absence of all three of the components. b. Liking

Liking refers to the relationship with intimacy, but without passion and commitment. Friendship, feel close, without feeling of intense passion and do not have commitment of love can be categorized as liking. c. Infatuated Love

Infatuated love is a temporary state of love when someone is overly idealized and obsessed. Infatuated love can be defined as “love at the first sight”. It rarely last very long. d. Empty Love

Empty love is a relationship that has a very strong commitment but does not have intimacy and passion. It usually happens in the stagnant relationship that

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20 going for a long time; they have the commitment but lost the intimacy and passion. e. Romantic Love

Romantic love is the combination of intimacy and passion. It is pictured both physically and emotionally to each other. f. Companionate Love

Companionate love is the mixture of intimacy and commitment. It can be seen on long-term committed marriages when the passion on the physical aspect has down. g. Fatuous Love

Fatuous love refers to the mixture between passion and commitment components, but it does not have the intimacy component. h. Consummate Love

Consummate love is the combination of all three components of love. It can be seen in romantic relationships.

Lee (1973) also divides the types of love into six categories. The six types or styles of love are eros, ludos, storge, mania, pragma, and agape. a. Eros

Eros is a love that formed from physical attraction. It is related with sensual, beauty, romantic and pleasure. Sex, beauty, smell, and touch are the concern of this type of love. b. Ludos

Ludos is a type of love that views a relationship as a game. It describes

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21 love is only for fun. This type tends to play rather than using feeling. c. Storge

Storge is known as companionate love, the most peaceful love. It starts from friendship that goes deeper into love feeling. It develops the relationship slowly and if the love ends, it is back to friendship again. d. Mania

Mania describes loves as a mixture of conflict and romantic from Eros. It includes the feeling of being obsessive, jealous, and emotional as the proof of the love. Mania refers to the obsession of love, and it is beyond the rational control. e. Pragma

Pragma emphasizes on characteristics such as religion, intelligence, and wealth. It is focused on the details and qualities from the couple. f. Agape

Agape is highly related with Christian love. It is related with love to serve rather than receive as the love of God for mankind.

B. Context of the Song

“Warmness on the Soul” is a song from Avenged Sevenfold, a metalcore/heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, United States of

America. It was released in 2001 on their first album entitled “Sounding the

Seventh Trumpet,” and it is listed as the seventh track of the album. Its music and lyrics were written by Matthew Charles Sanders, its vocalist. “Warmness on the

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Soul” is a love-themed song. The lyrics tell about a person that is mentioned as “I” that tells how big his love for his beloved. It tells that “I”'s lover always loves him and is always be with him in every condition. “I” always remember the unconditional love from his lover through every condition. His lover always gives true love to “I”. Therefore, he also loves his lover with all of his heart.

C. Theoretical Framework

In order to answer the formulated problems, there are some theories that are used to support the analysis. The theories are decorum, theory of poetry, theory of character, theory of characterization, theory of motivation, and theory of love. The theories are taken from books, journals, and online sources. The researcher also applies the psychological approach to achieve the aim of the study.

The first question deals with the description of the character “I” in

“Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics written by Matthew Charles Sanders. The researcher uses the theory of character (Henkle, 1977) to clarify that “I” is the major character in the lyrics. Then, the theory of characterization (Murphy, 1972) is used to analyze the characteristics of “I” in the lyrics.

The second question deals with the meaning of love in “Warmness on the

Soul” song lyrics. The meaning is divided into two parts, literal meaning and deeper meaning. The researcher uses decorum from Simpson (1967) and the theory of poetry from Kennedy and Gioia (2002) to clarify the type of poetry which

“Warmness on the Soul” belongs. The theory from Freud (1962) and theory of

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23 motivation from Maslow (1954) are also used to reveal the literal meaning. In order to reveal the deeper meaning, the researcher employs the psychological approach, theory of motivation from Aiken (1969), and the theory of love from

Lee (1973), and Sternberg (1986).

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher presents three parts. They are object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study tells the song which is used in this study. The approach of the study describes the approach that is used in this study. The last part, which is method of the study, tells the steps in conducting this study.

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study is “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics from

Avenged Sevenfold, an American metalcore/heavy metal band. The song was written by Matthew Charles Sanders, the vocalist of Avenged Sevenfold. It is listed in the seventh track on the Avenged Sevenfold's debut album entitled “Sounding the Seventh Trumpet,” which was released on June 10, 2001 through Good Life

Recordings. “Warmness on the Soul” is the first single released by Avenged

Sevenfold, it was released on August 8, 2001. It is also the first love-themed song from the band. However, the song is rarely played by Avenged Sevenfold.

The song tells about love. Its lyrics, which contains 6 stanzas, tells about a man who expresses how big his love for his beloved one is. It tells that the man's lover always loves him and is always be with him from the start, and in every condition. Therefore, the man also loves his lover with all of his heart.

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B. Approach of the Study

In order to reveal the meaning of love in the song lyrics, the researcher applied the psychological approach. According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971), psychological approach is used to analyze the personality development of the character through the action and thought. The researcher used this approach in answering the formulated problems. The theory of character and theory of characterization were used to analyze the character “I”. The theory of motivation and theory of love were used to find the motivation and to classify the type of love.

Thus, this approach suited the purpose to reveal the meaning of love as shown in

“Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.

C. Method of the Study

The researcher used library research as the method to analyze the data.

According to Rasmuson (2016), library research is a research which involves the gradual process used to collect information in order to write a paper, or complete a project. In this matter, the researcher used this type of research to complete the study. It was needed to get and gather the sources for the study. The primary datum was “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics written by Matthew Charles Sanders, the vocalist of Avenged Sevenfold. The song lyrics were taken from Avenged

Sevenfold's first album entitled “Sounding the Seventh Trumpet.” The secondary data were the theories about poetry, psychological approach, character, characterization, motivation, and some data related to the song and theories. The

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26 data were collected from books and journals from library and online sources.

There were some steps in conducting this study. The first was that the researcher read the song lyrics of “Warmness on the Soul” for several times without listening to the song. Then, the researcher listened to the song and read the lyrics repeatedly to get the understanding of the song. Afterwards, the researcher started to search and collect the relevant theories in order to support the researcher to answer the formulated problems. The researcher also looked for information related to the song and the band from the internet.

The third step was the analysis of the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.

The researcher analyzed the character “I” in the song lyrics. Afterwards, the researcher analyzed the literal and the deeper meaning of the song lyrics of

“Warmness on the Soul” using the related theories. After finished the analysis, the researcher made the conclusion as the last step of conducting this research.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chapter presents the findings and the data analysis based on the formulated problems in Chapter 1. The first question aims to understand the character “I” that is described in the song lyrics. The second question aims to reveal the meaning of love in the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.

A. The Character “I” in the Song Lyrics

There are two characters portrayed in the song lyrics, they are “I” and

“you”. According to Abrams (2005), characters are people or a person in literary works that are carrying some messages to the reader that expressed in the text. The messages can be seen from the moral, intellectual or dispositional level that shown in the text. Hence, the reader can interpret the messages through them.

Henkle (1977) classifies the term character into two categories; they are major character and minor character. The major character has to get full attention in the poem. It also has the key structural function in the poem. Usually, the major character is the character that appears more often, or even always appears in the poem. Therefore, the major character plays an important role in delivering the messages to the reader or audience. On the other hand, the minor character presents limited function and fewer complexes than the major character (p. 80).

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In the song lyrics, “I” is categorized as the major character and “you” is categorized as the minor character. The reason is because “I” is portrayed as the first point of view, while “you” is only mentioned less than “I”. Since the lyrics are in the point of view of “I”, “I” also always appears in the lyrics. “I” takes role as the person who tells the story. Therefore, it can be said that “I” is the center of the lyrics. From this point, “I” will be called as the major character in this research.

In order to find the characteristics of the character “I” in the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics, the researcher uses the theory of characterization from

Murphy (1972). Murphy (1972) provides the nine ways for the readers to understand easier about the character and for the author to make the characters more alive. Even though there are nine ways, the researcher only uses the third way namely speech, to understand the major character’s characteristics in the song lyrics. Speech is only the possible way since there is only the major character’s speech that is shown in the lyrics.

In this part, the researcher will explains about the characteristics of the major character based on the song lyrics. Since there is no explanation of the physical characteristics of the major character in the lyrics, the researcher will focus on the psychological characteristics of the major character. By using the third way to describe a character from Murphy (1972), there are three characteristics of the major character. They will be explained more detailed and elaborated below:

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1. Loyal

The first characteristic of the main character as depicted in the lyrics is loyal.

It is shown in the first and third line of the second stanza.

The Second Stanza

And we have gone through good and bad times ...... You’ve been there from the start for me ......

As seen in the lyrics, the major character is a loyal person. The major character and “you” have been through hard times together. The first line of the second stanza shows the loyalty between them. It emphasizes the strength of their relationship. Both of them are not only together in good times, but also in bad times. They are still together even though problems befall in their relationship. It is shown in the words “we have gone through good and bad times”. Their loyalty keeps their togetherness.

Further, the researcher finds the other evidence that the main character is a loyal person. It is shown in the third line of the second stanza which says, “You’ve been there from the start for me”. It shows how long their togetherness is. The line is likely showing that “you” is loyal to the major character. However, the researcher sees that the major character is also loyal to “you”. Their togetherness through good and bad times cannot be happened if the major character does not loyal to “you”. Therefore, the first and third lines of the second stanza are

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30 connected to each other even though they are not consecutive. Thus, those lines prove the major character’s loyalty.

2. Loving

The second characteristic of the major character can be seen in the third stanza as shown below.

The Third Stanza

I give my heart to you I give my heart 'cause nothing Can compare in this world to you

Since the song lyrics tell about the major character who loves his lover, it is a certainty that the major character is a loving person. He shows his love to “you” through everything he says in the lyrics. The evidence of the major character’s loving characteristic is clearly seen in the third stanza of the song lyrics.

In the first line of the third stanza which says “I give my heart to you”, the major character gives his heart to “you” as an expression of his love. The word

“heart” refers to the major character’s love. In other words, the major character gives his love to “you”. Furthermore, the line “I give my heart to you” also means more than giving love. Giving heart means that he gives total devotion to “you”.

Further, he also says that there is nothing can be compared to “you” in the next two lines. Thus, the major character gives total devotion and love because “you” is the only one for him. It shows the loving characteristic of the major character.

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3. Dependent

The third characteristic of the major character is dependent. It is shown in the third and the fourth line of the first stanza as seen below.

The First Stanza ...... I'll never feel alone again with you by my side You’re the one, and in you I confide more

Despite all of the positive characteristics, the major character also possesses a negative characteristic. He is a dependent person. The third line of the first stanza which says, “I’ll never feel alone again with you by my side” shows his dependent characteristic. The major character does not feel alone only if he is with

“you”. The words “with you by my side” clearly show the main character’s dependency on “you”. He always wants “you” to be close to him. Meanwhile, the words “I’ll never feel alone again” show what he feels after being with “you”. It means that his confidence grows because of the presence “you”. Thus, the major character’s dependent characteristic is shown.

More evidence of the major character’s dependent characteristic is found in the fourth line of the first stanza. It says, ”You’re the one, and in you I confide more”. The words “in you I confide more” explain that the major character only wants to reveal his secrets to “you”. He needs “you” because “you” is the one he trusts. It is shown in the words “you’re the one”. As mentioned earlier in the previous part, the major character feels that “you” is the only one who makes him

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32 not alone. Trustworthiness and the presence of “you” make him able to tell his secrets, or in other words, to confide in “you”. In short, the major character’s dependent characteristic is shown in the third and fourth line of the first stanza.

B. The Meaning of Love in the “Warmness on the Soul” Song Lyrics

In this part, the researcher divides the meaning of love in the “Warmness on the Soul” lyrics into two sections. The first one is literal meaning and second is the deeper meaning. The researcher uses theories from Simpson (1967), Kennedy and

Gioia (2002), Lee (1973), and Aiken (1969) to reveal the meanings.

1. Literal Meaning

“Warmness on the Soul” consists of three stanzas. Each stanza has three and four lines. According to Kennedy and Gioia (2002), a three-line stanza is called tercet, while a four-line stanza is called quatrain. All of the stanzas become a solid poem which also a song lyrics. “Warmness on the Soul” is classified as a lyric poetry. Moreover, Kennedy and Gioia (2002) state that lyric poetry refers to a poem which is made for singing. Kennedy and Gioia (1999) also add that “many familiar poems began life as songs” (p.792). The statement above clarifies that

“Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics is a poem. Based on the categories of poetry provided by Kennedy and Gioia (2002), it can be said that “Warmness on the

Soul” song lyrics is a lyric poetry.

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Sanders used decorum to suit the subject matter as Simpson (1967) states that decorum is “the principle of suiting the style to the subject” (p. 10). Thus,

Sanders modified his style to suit the subject matter of the poem. The subject matter is the theme of the poem, which is in “Warmness on the Soul”, is love.

Sanders mixed up the mood and tone of the poem to make it suitable to be sung.

Since he is a musician, it is clear that he wrote the lyrics in order to be sung.

Therefore, his musician style fits his purpose in writing poem or lyrics. Besides, style is also chosen by the needs in order to make the reader see and feel (Simpson,

1967). It means that Sanders should make the reader and listener can see and feel the feeling that he has been expressed through writing and singing “Warmness on the Soul”. Therefore, Matthew Charles Sanders needed to suit “Warmness on the

Soul” in a song, both as a musician and a poet.

As mentioned in the introduction part, “Warmness on the Soul” is a love- themed song. The lyrics tell about a man that tells how big his love to his lover.

Then, the lover is always being with him in every condition. The man is portrayed as “I”, and the man's lover is portrayed as “you”. As mentioned before, “I” is major character of the song. The major character feels that “you” can remove his doubt and loneliness. Thus, he trusts “you” more. The major character tells that the love from “you” is wholehearted. As a result, he also loves “you” with all of his heart.

In order to get clearer understanding about the lyrics and to find the literal meaning, the researcher provides individual stanza analysis of the song lyrics.

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The First Stanza

Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make And that feeling of doubt, it's erased I'll never feel alone again with you by my side You're the one and in you I confide more

This stanza consists of four lines, which is called as a quatrain. This stanza contains the story and expression of what the major character feels to “you”. The first line tells the attention that the major character receives from “you”. The researcher sees that “you” cares so much about him. “You” is always close and always gives attention to him. The researcher sees it in the words “watching every move I make”. It shows that “you” cares so much to the major character and always be with him in every condition. The words “Your hazel-green tint eyes” show that the major character also gives attention on “you”. He knows that “you” always cares about, and always close to him. It raises certain feelings in the major character.

Then, the feelings that arise in the major character are explained in the following lines. The major character feels secure and comfortable for being cared by “you”, and it makes him feels confident. The doubt in his mind is gone because of the attention and care from “you”. What “you” has done to the major character increases his confidence. The researcher sees it in the second line, in the words

“And that feeling of doubt, it's erased”. Furthermore, the major character also clarifies that he does not feel lonely when they together. The line “I'll never feel alone again with you by my side” shows it. Before with “you”, the major character

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35 always feels lonely. However, it turns conversely when “you” comes and gives the attention to him.

Then, the last line in the stanza tells about “you” who are chosen by the major character. The words “you're the one” shows that the major character feels that “you” is the right choice. The words “the one” also explains that “you” is the only person who can make him confident. In the words “in you I confide more”, it is explained that he trusts “you”. The major character only tells his secrets to

“you” as the form of his trust. Therefore, the first stanza explains the major character’s feeling after he has been cared by “you”.

The Second Stanza

And we have gone through good and bad times But your unconditional love was always on my mind You've been there from the start for me And your love's always been true as can be

Since it consists of four lines, the second stanza is called as a quatrain. This stanza shows the journey of love between the major character and “you”. They have been together for a long time and through various situations. They are loyal to each other as shown in the first line. It says, “we have gone through good and bad times” which reveals their togetherness, their loyalty to each other. The words

“good and bad times” show that they are not just together in pleasant situations, but also in unpleasant ones. It emphasizes their loyalty to each other.

The researcher sees there are reasons behind their long lasting relationship and their loyalty. The first reason is shown in the second line which says, “but your

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36 unconditional love was always on my mind”. The words “your unconditional love” tells about the love which “you” gives to the major character. The love from “you” is an unconditional love. Then, the words “was always on my mind” show that the major character always thinks about the love that “you” gives. The word “was” refers to their good and bad times in their relationship before he tells this story.

When something bad or problem occurs in their relationship, the unconditional love from “you” keeps him loyal. Thus, the love keeps their loyalty. Then, the third line shows the reason why they still love and loyal to each other. The reason lies within their relationship. The line “You've been there from the start for me” shows that they have been together for a long time. The word “there” refers to the position of “you” as the one who the major character loves. Meanwhile, the words

“the start for me” refer to the first time when the major character feels love. “You” has been someone he loves since he knows love for the first time. The fourth line tells that “you” really loves him. The love from “you” is always true, and it is the reason of their loyalty. It strengthens the reason how love keeps the loyalty between the two of them.

The Third Stanza

I give my heart to you I give my heart 'cause nothing Can compare in this world to you

The third stanza consists of three lines, which is called as a tercet. This is the last stanza in the lyrics and tells about the major character's actions to express his love to “you”. The word “heart” represents love from him. The major character

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37 feels that “you” is the only one that deserves all of his love. For him, “you” is incomparable to anything. “You” is the true partner of the major character and

“you” is the best for him. The last two lines say that there is no one that can be compared to “you”. The major character emphasizes that “you” is the best person for him.

Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that “Warmness on the

Soul” tells a story about a person who loves his lover. Their love to each other resulted to their togetherness, intimacy, and long-last relationship. However, his love presents after his lover gives an unconditional love. Therefore, it can be said that he loves his lover because he has been loved. It suits with the major character’s loyal and loving characteristics. At this point, the ego of the major character is shown. He needs to be loved by “you”. The belongingness and love needs motivate him to love “you”. Thus, the meaning of love is revealed. It is a storge or a companionate love.

2. Deeper Meaning

This part deals with the deeper meaning of love in the “Warmness on the

Soul” song lyrics. Deeper meaning is the meaning that can be seen in the song lyrics implicitly. Since “I” is the major character in the lyrics, the researcher analyzes the motivation of “I” deeper in order to reveal the deeper meaning of the song lyrics. “Warmness on the Soul” itself is a song about the love of a man to his lover because he has been loved.

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On the previous part, the literal meaning of love in the “Warmness on the

Soul” is a storge or companionate love. The characters in the lyrics show intimacy and commitment aspects since they love and are loyal to each other. Then, the researcher applies the theory of motivation in order to analyze the deeper meaning of love in the song lyrics. Motivation is the effect from an internal state of the organism which initiates the behavior to the goals (Aiken, 1969). The researcher analyzes the major character’s motivation in loving “you”.

The researcher analyzes the major character’s life before the presence of

“you” through the findings in the lyrics. Before with “you”, the major character lives in doubt. He feels his life is full of doubt. Moreover, the major character has nobody before with “you”. Thus, he feels lonely. In his lowest point of life, the major character finds “you” with plenty of attention and love. The love and attention raise his confidence. He does not feel lonely anymore because “you” is always with him.

Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make And that feeling of doubt, it's erased I'll never feel alone again with you by my side You're the one and in you I confide more

The stanza above implicitly shows how “you” gives the major character inner peace. The line “Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make” shows that “you” knows everything the major character does. Thus, “you” always watches and accompanies him wherever he is. Then, the major character feels safe,

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39 serene, and warmth in his soul because “you” is always with him. Thus, it makes the major character confident.

Security and confidence lead the major character to express his feelings to

“you”. The major character says that “you” is the maker of his confidence. He needs “you” in his life. He does not feel alone when “you” accompanies him. The love from “you” also makes him tougher in facing problems throughout his life.

Therefore, he gives his love to “you” as a form of his gratitude.

The words “you're the one” shows that the major character believes “you” is the only one who is able to reassure his heart. Then the words “in you I confide more” show the trust in the major character. He wants to express his feelings to

“you” only.

And we have gone through good and bad times But your unconditional love was always on my mind You've been there from the start for me And your love's always been true as can be

Furthermore, the stanza above reveals the love from “you”. “You” gives unconditional love to the major character. It is a sincere, pure, and true love, which always gives. The unconditional love from “you” makes the major character through the hardships in his life. The major character believes “you” always be with him in every condition. He always remembers the love he has got from “you” in facing hard times in his life.

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Then the line “You've been there from the start for me” shows that “you” is always with the major character since his start. The word “start” refers to their relationship. The start of their relationship can be referred to the time the major character finds inner peace. They have been together for a long time. Then, the love from “you” is emphasized once again. The line “And your love's always been true as can be” means the love from “you” is pure, sincere, and honest. Then, the words “true as can be” can be attributed to the love from “you”. It is the purest, the most sincere, and endless love, which can be defined as the truest love. In short, that kind of love can be defined as unconditional love.

I give my heart to you I give my heart 'cause nothing Can compare in this world to you

Then, the major character shows his actions toward “you”. He gives his heart to “you”. Heart refers to the thoughts and emotions of someone, especially love or compassion. The major character gives his love to “you” as a form of gratitude for everything he has got. He gives his love to “you” in the form of trust and or devotion. The major character trusts “you” will always make him feel safe, comfortable, confident and accompanied as mentioned in the first stanza.

Afterwards, the major character reveals his reason in loving “you”. He gives his love because nothing is comparable to “you” in this world. “You” is the perfect figure and the best one for him. Moreover, “You” makes him feel comfortable, confident, and “you” also gives him unconditional love. “You” also accompanies the major character in every condition.

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After analyzing the whole lyrics, the researcher reveals a lot of implicit clues about the deeper meaning of love in the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.

Then, the researcher focuses on the motivation of the major character in loving

“you”. Feeling secure, confident and no more loneliness motivates the major character to love “you”. He finds his inner peace and warmth in his soul when he is with “you”. In addition, the major character’s dependent characteristic leads the action to love “you”. As a result, he gives his trust, loyalty and even himself to

“you”.

Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that there are some things that drive the major character in loving “you”. Those are the needs of feeling confident, secured, being accompanied, and being loved. Those feelings suit the characteristics of the major character, which are loving and dependent. In short, the major character’s characteristics and his necessities become the motivation in loving “you”. At this point, the use of the title “Warmness on the Soul” seems reasonable. It suits with the feeling that the major character gets from “you”.

Moreover, the unconditional love given by “you” is similar to the characteristic of

God. In addition, the perfection of “you” is equivalent to the characteristic of God.

God is incomparable; God is always there for His people, and always gives His love to his people. At this point, the character “I” seems to realize that he gains inner peace within “you” that appears to be God. By realizing that, the major character shows that the major character gives his love to “you” in order to achieve his inner peace. It suits the characteristics of the super-ego. This condition reveals

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42 that the major character fulfills the last of the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which is named self-actualization needs. Thus, a new interpretation is emerged. The deeper meaning of love in “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics is agape. It is the love between God depicted by “you” and human depicted by “I” or the major character.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS

In this chapter, there are three parts namely conclusion, implication, and suggestion. Conclusion presents the summary of the analysis. Then, implication shows the implications of this study to education. The last part is suggestion. It provides some suggestions for future researchers and teachers.

A. Conclusion

In Chapter IV, the researcher has already done the analysis in order to answer two formulated problems. The first formulated problem is answered using theory from M. J. Murphy (1972). The characteristics of “I” in the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics are described as loyal, loving, and dependent.

The second formulated problem is divided into two parts, literal meaning and deeper meaning. The literal meaning of love in “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics is categorized as storge or companionate love. The relationship between “I” and “you” has lasted for a long time. They have important elements in relationship, which are intimacy and commitment. Meanwhile, the deeper meaning of love in the song lyrics is the love between God and human, or agape. The love between the two of them is the love to serve or to give, rather than receive.

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B. Implication

In this part, there are two sections namely reflection and the implication of the study. The reflection is made as a mirror to reflect the song with the researcher's life. Then, the implication of the study provides possible ideas of the study in the field of education.

1. Having done analyzing the song lyrics of “Warmness on the Soul”, the

researcher learned that the people should love others sincerely, just like God

who never stops loving His people. The researcher also learned that the

people have to appreciate others who love us. People should spread the love

to each other rather than spreading hatred. Then, the researcher learned to

pray whenever people have problems.

2. There are two possible ideas to use “Warmness on the Soul” song as a

teaching material. First, it is used as a material in Listening class as well as

improving vocabulary skill. The students fill the missing lyrics worksheet

while the teacher plays the song. “Warmness on the Soul” is a good example

of a love-themed song from heavy metal music because the other metal

songs usually consist of aggressive music and growling or screaming vocals.

The students may get the moral value about loving someone sincerely.

Second, it is used as a medium in practicing pronunciation. It can be used in

pronunctation practice since the music is not aggressive and it uses singing

vocals. There are some challenging words to pronounce such as confide,

unconditional, and doubt.

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C. Suggestion

The researcher provides two suggestions. First suggestion is meant for the future researchers of “Warmness on the Soul”. This study used psychological approach and theory of motivation in order to find the deeper meaning. The future researchers could use post-structuralism approach and deconstruction to find the deeper meaning of the song. However, the future researchers should analyze the song very carefully and should pay attention to the detail of the song. Second suggestion is meant for educational purposes. The song “Warmness on the Soul” can be used as a teaching material in Poetry class. The song also can be used in

Listening Class.

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX 1

WARMNESS ON THE SOUL SONG LYRICS

“Warmness on the Soul” Music and Lyrics by: Matthew Charles Sanders

Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make And that feeling of doubt, it's erased I'll never feel alone again with you by my side You're the one and in you I confide more

And we have gone through good and bad times But your unconditional love was always on my mind You've been there from the start for me And your love's always been true as can be

I give my heart to you I give my heart 'cause nothing Can compare in this world to you

And we have gone through good and bad times But your unconditional love was always on my mind You've been there from the start for me And your love's always been true as can be

I give my heart to you I give my heart 'cause nothing Can compare in this world to you

Retrieved in August 24th 2017 from: https://goo.gl/iSR81D

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APPENDIX 2

BIOGRAPHY OF MATTHEW CHARLES SANDERS

Matthew Charles Sanders, popularly

known by his stage name M. Shadows was born

on July 31, 1981, in Huntington Beach in

California, to Kim Sanders and Gary Sanders. He

has a younger sister Amy. He is an American

singer, musician, and songwriter. He is the lead

vocalist of the band Avenged Sevenfold. M.

Shadows is voted third in the list of Top 25 Greatest Modern Frontmen by

Ultimate Guitar. Guns N' Roses has been his all-time favorite. He readily admits that Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, Iron Maiden, Pantera, Ozzy Osbourne, and some others have influenced his style. Till date, Avenged Sevenfold has released seven studio albums, 24 singles, two compilation albums, and one live album. They have sold over 8 million albums worldwide. The band was ranked No. 47 on Loudwire's list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time.

On October 17, 2009, M. Shadows married his longtime girlfriend Valary

DiBendetto who is a model and actress. They have been together since the 6th grade. The couple has two sons, River Sanders, who was born on July 4, 2012, and

Cash Sanders, born on August 15, 2014.

Retrieved in May 22nd 2018 from: https://goo.gl/bY4XN5