Disability Awareness Summit 2017 Disability Awareness Summit

Oct 19th, 12:00 AM Deaf People of Deaf Culture's Language is American Sign Language Sandra Buccholz Iowa State University, [email protected]

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Buccholz, Sandra, "Deaf People of Deaf Culture's Language is American Sign Language" (2017). Disability Awareness Summit. 8. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/disabilityawareness/2017/presentations/8

This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences and Symposia at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Disability Awareness Summit by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEAF PEOPLE OF DEAF CULTURE'S LANGUAGE IS AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE.

by Sandra Buchholz Agenda:

Bits of History of Sign Languages Established first Deaf school American Sign Language

Statue of Gallaudet teaching Cogswell “a” BITS OF DEAF HISTORY OF SIGN LANGUAGE

Abbe Charles Michel de L’Epee (1712-1789) Father of the Deaf Deaf capable of language; used sign language Able to receive sacraments World’s first free school for the Deaf - Institute National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris (Paris School for the Deaf) in 1760 Graduates Laurent Clerc Jean Massieu The Instructional Method of Signs - "the education of deaf mutes must teach them through the eye of what other people acquire through the ear.” L'Epee supported the school at his own expense until his death. After his death, the French government began to support the school. BITS OF DEAF HISTORY OF SIGN LANGUAGES IN AMERICA

1690 – 1880: Immigrants from Kent County Either Dominant or Recessive Gene Of Deafness Settled in Martha’s Vineyard Hearing/Deaf Equal Access BITS OF HISTORY OF SIGN LANGUAGES IN AMERICA

Garrick Mallery (1831-1894) Retired Army colonel studied American Indian cultures at the Smithsonian Institute. Defended aboriginal use of gestures Only employed when speech was a deficiency Predicted that as dialects decrease, so will gestures FIRST AMERICAN SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT

Began in 1814 when deaf education was introduced by Dr. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet Established April 15, 1817 Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet Laurent Clerc - "The Apostle of the Deaf in America" Mason Fitch Cogswell – a Doctor; father of Alice, deaf daughter Majority of the Deaf Students Martha’s Vineyard Various of locations Use of Language English ASL (influence of langue des signed francaise (LSF), Indigenous Signs, and Martha’s Vineyard Sign) Statue of Gallaudet teaching Cogswell “a”

DR. THOMAS HOPKINS GALLAUDET

ALICE COGSWELL

RECOGNIZED ASL AS IT IS A LANGUAGE

Dr. William C. Stokoe, Jr (1919-2000) Founder of Sign Language Linguistics in 1960 His publication did not attract attention until it is republished in 1965 with Casterline and Croneberg as Dictionary of ASL on Linguistic Principles. DEAF CULTURE LANGUAGE: ASL

Deaf people of Deaf culture do share a language that is ASL!

Not until the Dictionary of American Sign Language was published in 1965. William Stokoe was the first one who discovered that ASL is a real language with its own linguistic structure in 1960. ASL HISTORY

1800’s: Various sign languages from different locations that became ASL

1960’s: Recognized as a unique and true language

1990’s: Fastest growing foreign language in America DEAF CULTURE VALUE: ASL

ASL is so important for Deaf people to communicate.

Visual language and natural language.

Official language used by people in the Deaf culture

A true language, not a shortcut of spoken English

No written form and not universal

Why is ASL important to the Deaf community? Being a part of deaf culture means sharing a way to communicate. ... If a person does not know ASL, communication can be difficult. Good communication requires a person to speak directly to the deaf person and maintain good eye contact. Facial expression and body language are important parts of communication. CONTINUING TO CELEBRATE 200 YEARS OF ASL AND DEAF PRIDE

Since April 15,1817 CITIED

Smith, C., Lentz, E., and Mikos, K. (2008). Signing Naturally : teacher curriculum guide, units 1-6. San Diego, CA :DawnSignPress.

Groce, N. E. (1985). Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Hereditary Deafness on Martha’s Vineyard Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

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