The Business of E-Resources

Michaela Kurschildgen, Customer Consultant

Hilton Leeds City, 7 June 2017 Looking at today 1. A short history of publishing 2. Who is Elsevier 3. Technological and Content Innovation 4. Launching a new Journal 5. Editorial & Marketing Policies 6. Editorial & Peer Review Process 7. The Economics of Publishing 8. Pricing Models 9. Delivering Electronic Content 10. Working with Consortia 11. 1. A short history of publishing | 4

Origins of Scholarly Publishing

1439 Henry 1580 March 6,1665 Gutenberg Oldenburg Founding of the Philosophical and (1618- 1677) House of Elzevir Transactions of moveable the Royal Society Founding Editor type and Commercial Publisher of the First true scholarly first scientific journal journal

. Ability to create multiply, bulk copies of literature . Religious & liturgical manuscripts Secretay of RS 1663 sent manuscripts to experts ->peer review In Context: Scholarly Publishing Today

Scientific,Technical and Medical communities around the world are united through STM Publishing Highly competitive industry Peer Reviewed Articles per Peer Reviewed Journals Year 19% 26% 74% 81%

Other STM publishers Elsevier Other STM publishers Elsevier

5 Examples of our 3,800+ journal titles Role of scientific publications Journal publishing has thrived for over 340 years but the fundamental role of Publishers remains unchanged

Registration Timestamp: person and time of any new matter

Certification Peer review – stamp of approval by publisher, quality guarantee

Dissemination Medium to share findings

Elzevirianas circa 1629 Preservation First scientific journals published in 1665 Preserve and archive records of science

Oldenburg saw four roles that the journal served for the Society 2. Who is Elsevier | 9

Who is Elsevier? Elsevier

 Global market leader serving scientists, students, health and information professionals worldwide  Founded over 130 years ago  7500 employees in 46 countries  Published >420.000+ articles per year in >3.800 journals  Received 1.100.000+ submissions per year  > 40.000 Books, plus 1-1.5k a year  Work with over 30 million scientists, students, health & information professionals globally  Over the last 50 years the majority of Noble Laureates have published by Elsevier  Elsevier is founder of Research4Life which gives more than Solutions that help 7.500 institutions across 100+ developing countries free or professionals across low cost access to almost 50.000 scientific resources industries make better decisions, get better results and be more productive Who we serve Publishers support the greater scientific and health communities

Researchers

Health Practitioners Elsevier’s Global

Faculty & Publishing Network Students 7,000 Editors Pharma Companies 70,000 Editorial Librarians Board Members Societies 570,000+ Referees Engineers 650,000+ Authors Professionals

General Public 3. Technological and Content Innovation The Publishing Industry Over Time… since the first journal was published

Tim Berners-Lee 1665 1880 1989 2000 Today

1998-1999

12 Content innovation Why? Because the way that research is done is changing – and the article needs to adapt

From “print science” to “digital science”

• Give authors a platform to express their research beyond text and images: data, code, multimedia, ... • Give readers the best tools to find research that is relevant for them, build insights fast, and have access to all relevant data and methods An example

• Breaking away from “ink on paper” print legacy • Enable authors to better express their research • Use modern web technology for an optimal reading experience

From scientists printing out PDF and using a ruler to get to a data point…

… to interactive plots embedded in the article! Interactive Plots and Figures

Add quality Google Maps

Linking with data repositories

15 4. Launching a new journal Launching a Journal

Can content growth be absorbed into an existing journal?  Existing journals provide a perfect infrastructure for new topics

Not possible?  Look outside current titles

• New areas or niches need a good publishing platform e.g. Medical Physics, Convergent Science, Materials Science, Flexible electronics • Community looking for a “home” • Decision of type of journal – subscription or OA • Editorial relationships • Bibliometrics – takes years to get momentum and listings/rankings • One in 10 launches do great, 3-4 are good, the rest struggle. Break-even on $ investment in < 5 years if lucky. Acquisition and Transfer – Why?

• Growth by Acquisition of journals or publishing houses • 30-40 journal acquisitions per annum – normally less than number launched • Adherence to Publishers ‘Transfer Code’ • Time lag to launch new journals • Core subscriptions do not move well across publishing houses – typically 20-40% subscription attrition! 5. Editorial and Marketing Policies Editorial Policies & Ethics

1. Research ethics ─ Authors must not fabricate, falsify or misrepresent data or results. They should strive to be objective, unbiased and truthful in all aspects of their work. 2. Authorship policy ─ authors should ensure that all those who have made a significant contribution are cited as co-authors, and only these people (ICJME rules). 3. Referencing, citation accuracy ─ Avoid plagiarism, self-plagiarism, parallel submission etc. 4. Conflicts of interest ─ Authors – employment, consulting fees etc. – transparency is the key ─ Referees – co-worker or collaborator must be avoided 5. Peer review ─ Is always used to evaluate submitted papers Marketing Policies?

• Authors – Publisher services ─ Authors papers well exposed on journal and ScienceDirect platform. ─ Alerts sent to readers who requested this service. ─ Listing of top downloaded and top cited papers om journal home page etc. • Authors – Self service ─ Authors allowed to spread full PDF of their paper as link for first 50 days – then DOI link ─ Authors can post accepted author manuscript version on their own web page as part of their author rights ─ Self-marketing tools information on Publishing Campus • Libraries – Publisher services ─ Usage reports to assist portfolio management. ─ Alerts on new and changed journal titles ─ Trainings ─ Promotion material etc 6. Editorial and Peer Review Process Principles of Peer Review

Submission revisionsrequiredminor/major

A well understood

Initial changes concept Editor rejection (preliminary Assessment)

Without it there is no Reviewer 1 Reviewer 2 control in scientific OUT communication rejection Editor: Decision Journal Editors evaluate accepted and reject certain articles Print Proof prior to external peer Typesetting, review In Press copy editing Branding, logos, PR is a widely understood concept in the academic community page numbers Published 23 Requiring transparency, impartiality, confidentiality and timeliness 7. The Economics of Publishing | 25

The Economics of Publishing – Facts and Figures

How do publishers make money on books and journals?

“Big deals” to academic libraries (75%) 79% of Elsevier revenue comes Corporate subscriptions (14%) From digital products Author charges on OA journals (5%) Individual subscriptions (3%) Licensing of content (3%)

Other income is from indexing tools and software solutions such as , Pure, SciVal, Reaxis etc. – but these have large development costs. 8. Pricing models for journals and e-resources 27

Pricing Models

Subscriptions to Journals Single articles

• Complete Collection • Pre-paid transactions • Standard Collection • Article Choice • Subject Collection • Freedom Collection • Individual Titles

License to Solutions

• Scopus • • Reaxis wtc Subscriptions to Journals

Complete Collection

Electronic access to all of your print journal holdings with access to the current and four previous years of content

Standard Collection Allows you to choose journals for electronic access from your Elsevier print holdings on a title-by-title basis, with the option to subscribe to additional electronic-only content. Begins with current and four previous years of content, with new content added annually. Subscriptions for electronic access only are also available. Subscriptions to Journals

Subject Collection > 20

Additional access to the depth of content in a specific field. Begins with current and four previous years of content, with new content added annually.

Freedom Collection

Available to academic institutions only who have a current Complete agreement. Qualifying customers will have access to all non-subscribed Elsevier journal content at a significantly reduced rate. Individual titles

Molecular Astrophysics, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 74 GBP, 4 issues

Developmental Biology, Life Sciences, 10,746 GBP, 24 issues 31

Single Articles

Pre-paid transactions & ArticleChoice Bundles of prepaid articles and chapters Available in bundles of 100, 200 or 500 articles and book chapters

Access to downloaded full text for 24 hours, with the ability to print and store documents for future reference One-time purchase. The bundle expires after 12 months. 9. Delivering Electronic Content 33

Delivering Electronic Content

• Internet Protocol (IP) address authentication (most common method)

• To access your organization's subscribed content from outside the premises:

• Extended access session (a.k.a., anonymous remote access) • Federated authentication through SAML* (i.e., Shibboleth (federated identity solution), OpenAthens (a large Shibboleth community) , Enterprise SSO) • Virtual private network (VPN) • Secure proxy server • Self-managed remote access • Secure login link on your website (e.g., library portal) via a Ticketed URL link • Registration IDs *SAML, pronounced sam-el) is an XML-based, open-standard data format for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, Discovery Services

Content index providers

• Primo (ExLibris) • Summon (SerialsSolution) • EDS (EBSCO discovery service) • WorldCat Local (OCLC) 10. Working with Consortia 36

Working with Consortia (in my region)

NESLI / JISC Collections BIBSAM – Sweden Mandatory or ‘opt-in’ FineLib – Finland DEFF – Denmark “opt-out” CRIStin – Norway 3- 5 years National and Medical Consortia Iceland IReL – Ireland SHEDL – Scottland Elektron – Belgium UKB – Netherlands 6. Open Access 38

Two different business models

Subscriptions – pay to access or Gold Open Access – pay to broadcast ‘receive’

In the subscription model, an institution or In the gold open access model, journal sometimes individual customer pays a content is openly accessible to all. Authors subscription price to gain access to accepted for publication in these titles have journal content. The journal is supported by their work broadcast to an unlimited revenue generated by subscriptions. The audience, but must pay an Article work of authors who publish in these journals Publication Charge (APC) to cover the cost is made available to all those readers who of publishing. This is sometimes described hold, or whose institutions hold, as paying to write (rather than to read). subscriptions. This is sometimes described as a paying to read (rather than to write). 39

What is open access?

• Free and permanent access to scholarly research • combined with clear guidelines (user licenses) for users to re-use the content.

Gold open access Green open access . After submission and peer review (and . After submission and peer review in a acceptance), an article publishing charge subscription journal, the article is (APC), is payable published online.

. Upon publication everyone can . Subscription articles are also made immediately and permanently access the available open access. Subscribers have article online immediate access and the article is made open access either through author self- archiving in IR, publisher deposit or linking later on. 40 What is the difference? Gold Open Access Green Open Access Access . Free public access to the final . Free public access to a published article version of your article . Access is immediate and . Time delay may apply permanent (embargo period) Fee . Open access fee is paid by the . No fee is payable by the author, or on their behalf (for author, as costs are covered example by a funding body) by library subscriptions Use . Determined by your user . Authors retain the right to use licence their articles for a wide range of purposes . Open versions of your article should have a user license attached Options . Publish in . Publish in a . Link to your article. an open journal that . Selected journals feature open access supports open archives journal access (also . Self-archive a version of your known as a article hybrid journal) Elsevier and Open Access

Currently over 250,000 articles are open access

 2nd largest open access publisher  We launched 33 new fully open access titles in 2015. Currently more than 1700 Elsevier journals offer both subscription and open access publishing options (hybrid journals) and we publish 108 open archive* journals.  If you consider green open access options, all of our 3,800 journals permit authors to share their preprints and accepted manuscripts in line with our sharing policy.

Open archive*: Elsevier provides free access to archived material in selected Elsevier journals.

https://www.elsevier.com/connect/elsevier-publishing-a-look-at-the-numbers-and-more Where to find further information

Elsevier for Librarians: https://www.elsevier.com/librarians Library Connect newsletters & Webinars: https://libraryconnect.elsevier.com/

Acknowledgement

Anthony Newman, Publisher in Life Sciences Questions? [email protected]

Thank you

Elsevier.com/Scopus