The Business of E-Resources Publishing Michaela Kurschildgen, Customer Consultant Elsevier Hilton Leeds City, 7 June 2017 Looking at today 1. A short history of publishing 2. Who is Elsevier 3. Technological and Content Innovation 4. Launching a new Journal 5. Editorial & Marketing Policies 6. Editorial & Peer Review Process 7. The Economics of Publishing 8. Pricing Models 9. Delivering Electronic Content 10. Working with Consortia 11. Open Access 1. A short history of publishing | 4 Origins of Scholarly Publishing 1439 Henry 1580 March 6,1665 Gutenberg Oldenburg Founding of the Philosophical and (1618- 1677) House of Elzevir Transactions of moveable the Royal Society Founding Editor type and Commercial Publisher of the First true scholarly first scientific journal journal . Ability to create multiply, bulk copies of literature . Religious & liturgical manuscripts Secretay of RS 1663 sent manuscripts to experts ->peer review In Context: Scholarly Publishing Today Scientific,Technical and Medical communities around the world are united through STM Publishing Highly competitive industry Peer Reviewed Articles per Peer Reviewed Journals Year 19% 26% 74% 81% Other STM publishers Elsevier Other STM publishers Elsevier 5 Examples of our 3,800+ journal titles Role of scientific publications Journal publishing has thrived for over 340 years but the fundamental role of Publishers remains unchanged Registration Timestamp: person and time of any new matter Certification Peer review – stamp of approval by publisher, quality guarantee Dissemination Medium to share findings Elzevirianas circa 1629 Preservation First scientific journals published in 1665 Preserve and archive records of science Oldenburg saw four roles that the journal served for the Society 2. Who is Elsevier | 9 Who is Elsevier? Elsevier Global market leader serving scientists, students, health and information professionals worldwide Founded over 130 years ago 7500 employees in 46 countries Published >420.000+ articles per year in >3.800 journals Received 1.100.000+ submissions per year > 40.000 Books, plus 1-1.5k a year Work with over 30 million scientists, students, health & information professionals globally Over the last 50 years the majority of Noble Laureates have published by Elsevier Elsevier is founder of Research4Life which gives more than Solutions that help 7.500 institutions across 100+ developing countries free or professionals across low cost access to almost 50.000 scientific resources industries make better decisions, get better results and be more productive Who we serve Publishers support the greater scientific and health communities Researchers Health Practitioners Elsevier’s Global Faculty & Publishing Network Students 7,000 Editors Pharma Companies 70,000 Editorial Librarians Board Members Societies 570,000+ Referees Engineers 650,000+ Authors Professionals General Public 3. Technological and Content Innovation The Publishing Industry Over Time… since the first journal was published Tim Berners-Lee 1665 1880 1989 2000 Today 1998-1999 12 Content innovation Why? Because the way that research is done is changing – and the article needs to adapt From “print science” to “digital science” • Give authors a platform to express their research beyond text and images: data, code, multimedia, ... • Give readers the best tools to find research that is relevant for them, build insights fast, and have access to all relevant data and methods An example • Breaking away from “ink on paper” print legacy • Enable authors to better express their research • Use modern web technology for an optimal reading experience From scientists printing out PDF and using a ruler to get to a data point… … to interactive plots embedded in the article! Interactive Plots and Figures Add quality Google Maps Linking with data repositories 15 4. Launching a new journal Launching a Journal Can content growth be absorbed into an existing journal? Existing journals provide a perfect infrastructure for new topics Not possible? Look outside current titles • New areas or niches need a good publishing platform e.g. Medical Physics, Convergent Science, Materials Science, Flexible electronics • Community looking for a “home” • Decision of type of journal – subscription or OA • Editorial relationships • Bibliometrics – takes years to get momentum and listings/rankings • One in 10 launches do great, 3-4 are good, the rest struggle. Break-even on $ investment in < 5 years if lucky. Acquisition and Transfer – Why? • Growth by Acquisition of journals or publishing houses • 30-40 journal acquisitions per annum – normally less than number launched • Adherence to Publishers ‘Transfer Code’ • Time lag to launch new journals • Core subscriptions do not move well across publishing houses – typically 20-40% subscription attrition! 5. Editorial and Marketing Policies Editorial Policies & Ethics 1. Research ethics ─ Authors must not fabricate, falsify or misrepresent data or results. They should strive to be objective, unbiased and truthful in all aspects of their work. 2. Authorship policy ─ authors should ensure that all those who have made a significant contribution are cited as co-authors, and only these people (ICJME rules). 3. Referencing, citation accuracy ─ Avoid plagiarism, self-plagiarism, parallel submission etc. 4. Conflicts of interest ─ Authors – employment, consulting fees etc. – transparency is the key ─ Referees – co-worker or collaborator must be avoided 5. Peer review ─ Is always used to evaluate submitted papers Marketing Policies? • Authors – Publisher services ─ Authors papers well exposed on journal and ScienceDirect platform. ─ Alerts sent to readers who requested this service. ─ Listing of top downloaded and top cited papers om journal home page etc. • Authors – Self service ─ Authors allowed to spread full PDF of their paper as link for first 50 days – then DOI link ─ Authors can post accepted author manuscript version on their own web page as part of their author rights ─ Self-marketing tools information on Publishing Campus • Libraries – Publisher services ─ Usage reports to assist portfolio management. ─ Alerts on new and changed journal titles ─ Trainings ─ Promotion material etc 6. Editorial and Peer Review Process Principles of Peer Review Submission minor/major required revisions A well understood Initial changes concept Editor rejection (preliminary Assessment) Without it there is no Reviewer 1 Reviewer 2 control in scientific OUT communication rejection Editor: Decision Journal Editors evaluate accepted and reject certain articles Print Proof prior to external peer Typesetting, review In Press copy editing Branding, logos, PR is a widely understood concept in the academic community page numbers Published 23 Requiring transparency, impartiality, confidentiality and timeliness 7. The Economics of Publishing | 25 The Economics of Publishing – Facts and Figures How do publishers make money on books and journals? “Big deals” to academic libraries (75%) 79% of Elsevier revenue comes Corporate subscriptions (14%) From digital products Author charges on OA journals (5%) Individual subscriptions (3%) Licensing of content (3%) Other income is from indexing tools and software solutions such as SCOPUS, Pure, SciVal, Reaxis etc. – but these have large development costs. 8. Pricing models for journals and e-resources 27 Pricing Models Subscriptions to Journals Single articles • Complete Collection • Pre-paid transactions • Standard Collection • Article Choice • Subject Collection • Freedom Collection • Individual Titles License to Solutions • Scopus • Embase • Reaxis wtc Subscriptions to Journals Complete Collection Electronic access to all of your print journal holdings with access to the current and four previous years of content Standard Collection Allows you to choose journals for electronic access from your Elsevier print holdings on a title-by-title basis, with the option to subscribe to additional electronic-only content. Begins with current and four previous years of content, with new content added annually. Subscriptions for electronic access only are also available. Subscriptions to Journals Subject Collection > 20 Additional access to the depth of content in a specific field. Begins with current and four previous years of content, with new content added annually. Freedom Collection Available to academic institutions only who have a current Complete agreement. Qualifying customers will have access to all non-subscribed Elsevier journal content at a significantly reduced rate. Individual titles Molecular Astrophysics, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 74 GBP, 4 issues Developmental Biology, Life Sciences, 10,746 GBP, 24 issues 31 Single Articles Pre-paid transactions & ArticleChoice Bundles of prepaid articles and eBook chapters Available in bundles of 100, 200 or 500 articles and book chapters Access to downloaded full text for 24 hours, with the ability to print and store documents for future reference One-time purchase. The bundle expires after 12 months. 9. Delivering Electronic Content 33 Delivering Electronic Content • Internet Protocol (IP) address authentication (most common method) • To access your organization's subscribed content from outside the premises: • Extended access session (a.k.a., anonymous remote access) • Federated authentication through SAML* (i.e., Shibboleth (federated identity solution), OpenAthens (a large Shibboleth community) , Enterprise SSO) • Virtual private network (VPN) • Secure proxy server • Self-managed remote access • Secure login