Aleksander Rajchman (ÏÊ«–Ï«)
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Recollections and Notes, Vol. 1 (1887–1945) Translated by Abe
Vita Mathematica 18 Hugo Steinhaus Mathematician for All Seasons Recollections and Notes, Vol. 1 (1887–1945) Translated by Abe Shenitzer Edited by Robert G. Burns, Irena Szymaniec and Aleksander Weron Vita Mathematica Volume 18 Edited by Martin MattmullerR More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4834 Hugo Steinhaus Mathematician for All Seasons Recollections and Notes, Vol. 1 (1887–1945) Translated by Abe Shenitzer Edited by Robert G. Burns, Irena Szymaniec and Aleksander Weron Author Hugo Steinhaus (1887–1972) Translator Abe Shenitzer Brookline, MA, USA Editors Robert G. Burns York University Dept. Mathematics & Statistics Toronto, ON, Canada Irena Szymaniec Wrocław, Poland Aleksander Weron The Hugo Steinhaus Center Wrocław University of Technology Wrocław, Poland Vita Mathematica ISBN 978-3-319-21983-7 ISBN 978-3-319-21984-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21984-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015954183 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Isolation and Characterization of Phages Active Against Paenibacillus Larvae Causing American Foulbrood in Honeybees in Poland
viruses Article Isolation and Characterization of Phages Active against Paenibacillus larvae Causing American Foulbrood in Honeybees in Poland Ewa Jo ´nczyk-Matysiak 1,* , Barbara Owczarek 1, Ewa Popiela 2, Kinga Switała-Jele´ ´n 3, Paweł Migdał 2 , Martyna Cie´slik 1 , Norbert Łodej 1, Dominika Kula 1, Joanna Neuberg 1, Katarzyna Hodyra-Stefaniak 3, Marta Kaszowska 4, Filip Orwat 1, Natalia Bagi ´nska 1 , Anna Mucha 5 , Agnieszka Belter 6,7 , Mirosława Skupi ´nska 6, Barbara Bubak 1, Wojciech Fortuna 8,9, Sławomir Letkiewicz 9,10, Paweł Chorbi ´nski 11, Beata Weber-D ˛abrowska 1,9, Adam Roman 2 and Andrzej Górski 1,9,12 1 Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolf Weigl Street 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] (B.O.); [email protected] (M.C.); [email protected] (N.Ł.); [email protected] (D.K.); [email protected] (J.N.); fi[email protected] (F.O.); [email protected] (N.B.); [email protected] (B.B.); [email protected] (B.W.-D.); [email protected] (A.G.) 2 Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmo´nskiegoStreet 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] (E.P.); [email protected] (P.M.); [email protected] (A.R.) 3 Pure Biologics, Du´nskaStreet 11, 54-427 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] (K.S.-J.);´ Citation: Jo´nczyk-Matysiak,E.; [email protected] (K.H.-S.) 4 Owczarek, B.; Popiela, E.; Laboratory of Microbial Immunochemistry and Vaccines, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Switała-Jele´n,K.;´ Migdał, P.; Cie´slik, Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 54-427 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] 5 ˙ M.; Łodej, N.; Kula, D.; Neuberg, J.; Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 7, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] Hodyra-Stefaniak, K.; et al. -
My Dear Colleague! [1/2] Thank You for the Cards and Congratulations
Ithaca, N.Y. 6.I.1940 [1/1] My Dear Colleague! [1/2] Thank you for the cards and congratulations. I [1/3] have not written you in for a long while because I did not receive [1/4] any answers to two letters [1/5] and I did not know what that meant. To Bloch [1/6] I wrote often and without results. I even had [1/7] the impression that he went back to Poland. [1/8] With me everything is in the best order. [1/9] I have familiarized myself with the regulations [1/10] and shortly I will begin applying for a non-quota visa. [1/11] I was told by the National Refugee Service that the matter is [1/12] easy. I only have to sign a few papers, [1/13] but that usually takes a while. [1/14] My parents sent me news that they are alive [1/15] and healthy. They are in the Russian portion. In Warsaw and [1/16] in the German part in general there are supposedly [1/17] some horrific things happening. [1/18] I have nothing from Steinhaus. Zygmund1 will probably [1/19] arrive at M.I.T. for next [1/20] semester. I was told2 that Marcinkiewicz and Kaczmarz3 [1/21] were shot because they were officers.4 [2/1] All of it is monstrous and sometimes5 I just don’t want to [2/2] think about it. [2/3] I hope that you are doing well [2/4] and that you are satisfied like I am. -
Phmd 140 Ang 570-572.Indd
Postepy Hig Med Dosw. (online), 2005; 59: 570-572 www.phmd.pl Original Article Received: 2005.11.29 Nec Soli Cedit Accepted: 2005.12.02 Published: 2005.12.07 (article dedicated to Professor Ludwik Hirszfeld) Andrzej Górski Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław The Medical University of Warsaw Key words: Hirszfeld • Weigl • bacteriophages • war Full-text PDF: http://www.phmd.pl/pub/phmd/vol_59/8540.pdf Word count: 2460 Tables: — Figures: — References: 5 Author’s address: Prof. Andrzej Górski, M.D, Ph.D, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] The life and work of Ludwik Hirszfeld was the subject of a threat of war he should remain in the country. He was soon deliberation by the well-known author Paweł Jasienica, and to experience the dramatic consequences of this decision, in 1984 a short book appeared entitled “Ludwik Hirszfeld” but the career he might have had in the United States would by Marek Jaworski. Of course, articles have also appeared on certainly have been no less spectacular than those of two special occasions, including the enlightening and emotional of his students. Feliks Milgrom was forced to emigrate recollections by Feliks Milgrom, one of Hirszfeld’s close after Hirszfeld’s death and he went to the USA, where students, in his “My Association with Ludwik Hirszfeld, he attained the most prestigious positions in American 1945–54” (Arch. Immun. Ther. Exp. 1998, 46, 201). In microbiology and became Distinguished Professor of view of the fact that Hirszfeld’s own work, “The Story Microbiology at the State University of New York. -
Samuel Fogelson (1902 – Po 1941) Streszczenie
ANTIQUITATES MATHEMATICAE Vol. 10(1) 2016, p. 19–43 doi: 10.14708/am.v10i0.1549 Lech Maligranda (Lule˚a) Walerian Piotrowski (Warszawa) Samuel Fogelson (1902 – po 1941) Streszczenie. Samuel Fogelson to zapomniany w Polsce matematyk i statystyk warszawski oraz agent wywiadu sowieckiego. Brak o nim wzmianki w Słowniku Biograficznym Matematyków Polskich (2003) i w Polskim Słowniku Biograficznym; jest informacja w Wikipedii [3], ale opisana została tam głównie jego działalność szpiegowska, przed- stawiona w artykułach A. Poczobuta [6]–[8]. My chcemy przybliżyć osobę Fogelsona jako matematyka i statystyka warszawskiego, który opublikował wiele prac, zwłaszcza ze statystyki opisowej. Staraliśmy się dotrzeć do jego publikacji i osiągnięć w matematyce i statystyce. Wspomnimy też krótko o jego działalności szpiegowskiej na rzecz pań- stwa sowieckiego. 2010 Klasyfikacja tematyczna AMS (2010): 01A72; 01A60. Słowa kluczowe: matematyka dwudziestego wieku, matematycy w Eu- ropie, polska matematyka. 1. Biografia Fogelsona. Samuel Fogelson [Fogielson, Fogel- sohn, Fogielsohn], pseudonim „St. Manert”, urodził się 20 paździer- nika 1902 roku w Warszawie w rodzinie Moszka Fogielsona i Chai-Sary z domu Halbrajch. Nauki początkowe otrzymał w domu, a w 1912 roku wstąpił do siedmioklasowej Szkoły Handlowej Zgromadzenia Kup- ców miasta Warszawy („Handlówki”). W 1915 roku otrzymał pro- mocję do czwartej klasy i wraz z rodzicami wyjechał do Rosji, gdzie w 1918 roku ukończył ośmioklasową szkołę handlową w Rostowie nad Donem. W tym samym roku wstąpił jako słuchacz rzeczywisty na Wy- dział Matematyczno-Fizyczny Uniwersytetu Dońskiego (były rosyjski Uniwersytet Warszawski, ewakuowany został w 1915 roku do Rostowa nad Donem). W 1920 roku wraz z rodzicami powrócił do Warszawy i zapisał się na Wydział Przyrodniczo-Matematyczny Wolnej Wszechnicy Polskiej (WWP). -
Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland During World War II1
July 2008 Patterns of Cooperation, Collaboration and Betrayal: Jews, Germans and Poles in Occupied Poland during World War II1 Mark Paul Collaboration with the Germans in occupied Poland is a topic that has not been adequately explored by historians.2 Holocaust literature has dwelled almost exclusively on the conduct of Poles toward Jews and has often arrived at sweeping and unjustified conclusions. At the same time, with a few notable exceptions such as Isaiah Trunk3 and Raul Hilberg,4 whose findings confirmed what Hannah Arendt had written about 1 This is a much expanded work in progress which builds on a brief overview that appeared in the collective work The Story of Two Shtetls, Brańsk and Ejszyszki: An Overview of Polish-Jewish Relations in Northeastern Poland during World War II (Toronto and Chicago: The Polish Educational Foundation in North America, 1998), Part Two, 231–40. The examples cited are far from exhaustive and represent only a selection of documentary sources in the author’s possession. 2 Tadeusz Piotrowski has done some pioneering work in this area in his Poland’s Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces, and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947 (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 1998). Chapters 3 and 4 of this important study deal with Jewish and Polish collaboration respectively. Piotrowski’s methodology, which looks at the behaviour of the various nationalities inhabiting interwar Poland, rather than focusing on just one of them of the isolation, provides context that is sorely lacking in other works. For an earlier treatment see Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944 (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1986), chapter 4. -
„Mikroskopów Nie Trzyma Się W Szafie” – O Dokonaniach Ludwika Hirszfelda
Tom 68 2019 Numer 2 (323) Strony 145–156 Marcin czerwiński1, UrszUla Glensk2 1Laboratorium Glikobiologii Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN im. Ludwika Hirszfelda ul. Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław 2Instytut Dziennikarstwa i Komunikacji Społecznej Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. Joliot-Curie 15, 50-383 Wrocław E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] „MIKROSKOPÓW NIE TRZYMA SIĘ W SZAFIE” – O DOKONANIACH LUDWIKA HIRSZFELDA grup krwi układu ABO. Odkryli też grupy A1 oraz A2 i stwierdzili, że częstość ich wy- stępowania jest różna w zależności od grupy etnicznej. W latach międzywojennych Hirsz- feld brał udział w organizacji Państwowego Zakładu Higieny w Warszawie. Po II wojnie światowej jako pierwszy w Polsce wykorzy- stał teorię konfliktu serologicznego i zastoso- wał ją w praktyce klinicznej, co uratowało życie ponad 200 dzieci. Był twórcą i pierw- szym dyrektorem Instytutu Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN, obecnie nazwa- nego jego imieniem. Ludwik Hirszfeld (1884-1954), a physician, immunologist and microbi- ologist. Together with Emil von Dungern he showed that blood groups are inheritable, and established the terminology of ABO system. He also discovered A1 and A2 blood groups, and proved that blood group fre- quency depends on ethnicity. In the years between the wars, he organized the National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw. After World Ludwik Hirszfeld w czasie pobytu w Szwajcarii. War II he was the first in Poland to use the theory of serological conflict and implement- ed it in clinical practice, saving life of over Ludwik Hirszfeld (1884-1954), 200 children. He was also the founder and lekarz, immunolog i mikrobiolog. -
Arxiv:1804.02448V1 [Math.HO] 6 Apr 2018 OIHMTEAIIN N AHMTC in MATHEMATICS and MATHEMATICIANS POLISH E Od N Phrases
POLISH MATHEMATICIANS AND MATHEMATICS IN WORLD WAR I STANISLAW DOMORADZKI AND MALGORZATA STAWISKA Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Galicja 7 2.1. Krak´ow 7 2.2. Lw´ow 14 3. The Russian empire 20 3.1. Warsaw 20 3.2. St. Petersburg (Petrograd) 28 3.3. Moscow 29 3.4. Kharkov 32 3.5. Kiev 33 3.6. Yuryev(Dorpat;Tartu) 36 4. Poles in other countries 37 References 40 Abstract. In this article we present diverse experiences of Pol- ish mathematicians (in a broad sense) who during World War I fought for freedom of their homeland or conducted their research and teaching in difficult wartime circumstances. We first focus on those affiliated with Polish institutions of higher education: the ex- isting Universities in Lw´ow in Krak´ow and the Lw´ow Polytechnics arXiv:1804.02448v1 [math.HO] 6 Apr 2018 (Austro-Hungarian empire) as well as the reactivated University of Warsaw and the new Warsaw Polytechnics (the Polish Kingdom, formerly in the Russian empire). Then we consider the situations of Polish mathematicians in the Russian empire and other coun- tries. We discuss not only individual fates, but also organizational efforts of many kinds (teaching at the academic level outside tradi- tional institutions– in Society for Scientific Courses in Warsaw and in Polish University College in Kiev; scientific societies in Krak´ow, Lw´ow, Moscow and Kiev; publishing activities) in order to illus- trate the formation of modern Polish mathematical community. Date: April 10, 2018. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 01A60; 01A70, 01A73, 01A74. Key words and phrases. Polish mathematical community, World War I. -
Warsaw Ghetto, 1941-2
Medical History, 1989, 33: 399-419. AN UNDERGROUND MEDICAL SCHOOL IN THE WARSAW GHETTO, 1941-2 by CHARLES G. ROLAND * There is within us some hidden power, mysterious and secret, which keeps us going, keeps us alive, despite the natural law. Ifwe cannot live on what is permitted, we live on what is forbidden. Chaim Kaplan, 10 March 1940, Warsawl The Holocaust-the deliberate destruction of most of the Jews and Gypsies of Europe along with enormous numbers of the non-Jewish population of eastern Europe-is arguably the least understandable event since the Creation. Reactions to the Holocaust by those who were enmeshed in it are, however, more comprehensible. A very few committed suicide;2 some became totally involved in self-preservation at all costs; many tried to ignore the grim reality and avoided facing up to its implications; most behaved decently and even nobly as the situation deteriorated. One inspirational reaction of Polish Jews was the creation and operation of a medical school within the Warsaw ghetto, modelled on standard European curricular lines, though with appropriate adaptations to accommodate unique circumstances. Its intent was to educate Jewish youth in medicine and, ifthe situation permitted and the war lasted that long, to qualify physicians to fill the depleted ranks ofthe Jewish medical profession in Warsaw. The founders thus intended the school to express their belief that they still maintained some control over their lives and their futures. With the conventional wisdom of hindsight we can perceive the impossibility of the task. The odds can scarcely have seemed much better to those who established the school. -
State School of Hygiene As a Department of Education in the National Instutute of Hygiene in Warsaw*
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2019;70(4):423-429 http://wydawnictwa.pzh.gov.pl/roczniki_pzh/ https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh/2019.0091 STATE SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AS A DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IN THE NATIONAL INSTUTUTE OF HYGIENE IN WARSAW* Kazimiera Ćwiek-Ludwicka National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland ABSTRACT The article presents the history of the establishment of the State School of Hygiene (PSH) in Poland after the First World War. The difficulties faced by the public health service in a country destroyed by war and created after the reunification of the lands, which for over 150 years remained under the control of three powers, were pointed out. It discusses how the foundations of modern teaching in the field of public health were created in the National Institute of Hygiene (PZH) in Warsaw, an institution to which the Ministry of Public Health entrusted tasks related to health education in the country. The State School of Hygiene was built by the Polish Government with a significant financial contribution from the John Davison Rockefeller Foundation. The official opening ceremony took place on 20 April 1926. The State School of Hygiene in Warsaw was the first such school in Europe. It educated professional staff for the health service in Poland, especially sanitary physicians, sanitary inspectors, nurses and staff to work in health offices. The importance and scope of influence of the State School of Hygiene as the Department of Education in the National Institute of Hygiene was constantly increasing, as evidenced by the number of students (about 800 per year) participating in courses, especially in the first years after its establishment. -
Regenerative Potential of CD45 Negative Marrow Cells Relies on Two Separate Subpopulations Being Either Anti-Inflammatory Or
JOINT EVENT 22nd Edition of International Conference on Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases & 12th Edition of International Conference on May 10-11, 2018 Tissue Engineering and Frankfurt, Germany Regenerative Medicine J Transm Dis Immun 2018, Volume 2 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8084-C1-003 Regenerative potential of CD45 negative marrow cells relies on two separate subpopulations being either anti-inflammatory or pro-angiogenic Andrzej Lange Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy – PAS, Poland n solid organs, there are the cells with regenerative potential. with the MSC markers played rather a moderate role in preventing IThey can start regeneration of the damaged tissue with a the leg amputation as the main actors are endothelial progenitor support coming from the bone marrow. In the early 2000s, we cells (EPC, CD391+) which are present in the implant. Similarly to started a project in which the mononuclear cells of bone marrow leukophoretic product BMMC also the marrow cells centrifuged (BMMC) were used to save the legs of patients with critical limb in own plasma gradient (commercially available kit) is enriched ischemia (CLI). Injection of the cells into the affected limb resulted in the cells having MSC and EPC markers. The cells of the latter in several following events which started with a pain release than composition injected intra-articularly into the hip or knee brought healing of ulcerations and finally the shortening of a distance of a relief in patients with osteoarthritis. We believe that the positive claudication. 40% of 23 patients with CLI receiving BMMC enjoyed effect of this cellular therapy is due to the presence in a fresh remission lasted up to 10 years or more. -
Szkoły Matematyczne W Międzywojennej Polsce I Ich Związki Z Nauką Światową
Retrieved from https://czasopisma.uni.lodz.pl/pnh [01.10.2021] PRZEGLĄD NAUK HISTORYCZNYCH 2016, R. XV, NR 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1644-857X.15.02.07 Małgorzata Przeniosło UNIWERSYTET JANA KOCHANOWSKIEGO W KIELCACH* Szkoły matematyczne w międzywojennej Polsce i ich związki z nauką światową Streszczenie. W okresie międzywojennym polscy matematycy stworzyli dwie prężne szkoły matematyczne – w Warszawie i we Lwowie. W Warszawie twórcami byli: Wacław Sierpiński, Zygmunt Janiszewski, Stefan Mazurkiewicz, a we Lwowie – Hugo Steinhaus i Stefan Banach. Mimo nieistnienia przez wiele lat państwa polskiego i związanych z tym niekorzystnych warunków do rozwoju rodzimej nauki obie szkoły szybko zanotowały znaczące osiągnięcia. Źródłem tego sukcesu było zarówno wpisanie się szkół w nowe trendy w uprawianiu matematyki i założenie odpowiadających im specjalistycznych czasopism – „Fundamenta Mathematicae” oraz „Studia Mathematica”, jak i mnogość zagranicznych podróży naukowych. Oba czasopisma odniosły międzynarodowy sukces i szybko zostały uznane przez obcokrajowców jako odpowiednie forum do prezentacji własnych badań. „Fundamenta Mathematicae” stały się jednym z najważniejszych na świecie periodyków poświęconych teoriiPNH mnogości, „Studia Mathematica” – analizie funkcjonalnej. Czasopisma budowały renomę polskiej szkoły matematycznej, a wraz z jej wzrostem coraz więcej jej przedstawicieli było zapraszanych przez zagraniczne ośrodki naukowe, zarówno na krótkie pobyty, jak i całe cykle wykładów. Coraz więcej zagranicznych uczonych, zarówno znanych profesorów, jak i stypendystów, przyjeżdżało też do Warszawy i Lwowa, by współpracować z tamtejszymi matematykami, wygłaszać wykłady czy uczestniczyć w konferencjach. Słowa kluczowe: historia nauki w II Rzeczypospolitej, matematycy, szkoły matematyczne. dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym polska matematyka zdobyła światowe uznanie, którego nie miała nigdy wcze- W śniej. Stało się to głównie za sprawą dwóch szkół nauko- * Wydział Pedagogiczny i Artystyczny, Instytut Edukacji Szkolnej, Zakład Podstaw Dydaktyki.