Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet Ver

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet Ver. 1.0

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Document name Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet, ver. 1.0

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REFERENCES

In translating/creating this document, certain technical words and/or phrases were interpreted with the assistance of the technical literature listed below.

1. KenKyusha New Japanese-English Dictionary 1974 Edition

2. Nelson’s Japanese-English Character Dictionary 2nd revised version

3. Microsoft Computer Dictionary

4. Japanese-English Computer Terms Dictionary Nichigai Associates 4th version

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ...... 2 1.0 Disc Format Overview...... 3 2.0 Physical Disc Format ...... 5 3.0 Logical Disc Format ...... 14 4.0 Boot System...... 24 Appendix Various Sample Code Listings ...... 33

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 1

Introduction

This standard specification defines how SEGA SATURN application software is organized on a CD. CD's that do not follow this standard specification will not be recognized as a SEGA SATURN Game-CD. All application software that operate with the SEGA SATURN must conform to this standard specification. The contents of this specification document provides the necessary information for a programmer to develop SEGA SATURN application software. While standards for the basic physical CD format and the copy protection settings must always be ad- hered to, compliance with these standards are done automatically through the use of disc mastering software and hardware specified by SEGA as well as the manufacturing processes implemented at SEGA certified disc manufacturers. Therefore, the details of these processes will not be discussed in this document. Accordingly, major problems may surface if non-SEGA approved CD mastering tools are used. Please use SEGA-approved CD mastering tools whenever possible. Please also note that the mass production of SEGA SATURN discs is impossible at non-SEGA certified CD manufacturing sites.

! Be sure to use a CD tool specified by SEGA. Because the CD tool must be approved, please inquire with SEGA before using a CD tool other than those designated by SEGA.

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1.0 Disc Format Overview

1.1 Features The physical format of the SEGA SATURN Game-CD for this game device conforms to the Semi CD-ROM XA standard for this game. As a result, an interleave record that has always been dependent on the application can be recognized as the system, and images and sound can be played concurrently. “Semi CD-ROM XA” : CD-ROM XA with Model 1 track

1.2 Disc Size and Record imeT Only a 12 cm CD can be produced. To avoid potential problems, the start time of the read out area is restricted to the following ranges. • Start LSN (#0) time: 00:02:00 • End LSN (~#283499) time: ~63:01:74 • Read out area start time: ~63:04:00 The maximum recording time is 63 minutes. Multisession cannot be used.

1.3 Linear Speed and Track Pitch To increase the track jump precision and seek speed, the Game-CD linear speed and track pitch are set to the following fixed values. • Linear speed: 1.25 m/sec • Track pitch: 1.6 µm

1.4 Disc Format The disc format conforms to the following standards. • Physical format : Sony and Philips CD standards “Red Book” and “Yellow Book”, as well as “CD-ROM XA.” • Logical format : ISO9660 • MPEG format : ISO11172

1.5 Track Layout The inner circumference is the CD-ROM area and the outer circumference is the CD- DA area.

1.6 Sector Structure In addition to the conventional Mode 1, there are Mode 2 Form 1 and Mode 2 Form 2 that have subheaders. Various interleaving records that use file numbers or channel numbers are allowed. SEGA Confidential

Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 3

1.7 ISO9660 Conformity The contents of logical sector numbers 0 to 15 are not specified in the ISO9660 standard. A boot program or protection information can be utilized to enable the CD producer to startup the system. Game-CD startup is enabled by defining this area in the disc format. A startup cartridge is not required. Logical sector numbers starting from 16 conform to ISO9660.

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2.0 Physical Disc Format

The physical format conforms to the CD-ROM standard (Yellow Book) and CD- ROM XA standard. Items within these standards that are particularly restricted by SEGA, as well as those required for application development, are described in this section.

2.1 Area Divisions Within a Disc and Organization of Each Area A disc is divided and organized starting from the innermost track, in the following order: 1. Lead-in area 2. Program area 3. Lead-out area TOC information is written in the lead-in area in compliance with the CD-ROM XA standard.

Information Area

Inside Lead-in Information Area Lead-out Outside Lead-in Lead-out Disc Area Program Area Area Area Program Area Area

CD-ROMCD-ROM CD-ROM XAXA CD-DACD-DA AreaArea Area AreaArea

1 track 0 to 97 track over 1 track Track 1 Tracks 0 to 97 over Track 1 2 tracl to 99 track

Tracks 2 to 99

Figure 2.1 Organization ofAreas within the Disc

!! Only 1 track is required for CD-ROM area (Mode 1). At least 1 track is required for the CD-DA area.

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 5

2.2 Program Area Track Layout The disc is configured with a CD-ROM XA track that continues after one CD-ROM track; the CD-DA track continues afterwards. As a result, the program area is divided and arranged in the following order. • CD-ROM area (Mode 1 track) • CD-ROM XA area (Mode 2 Form 1 and Form 2 tracks) • CD-DA area This prevents the sudden play of the CD-ROM track while playing the CD-DA track on an audio CD player. Also, if this disc is set to the CD-ROM drive that corresponds to Mode 1 track only, the Mode 1 track is placed at the start to prevent any trouble. Therefore, each track must be arranged in the order listed above. Do not alternate the arrangement of CD-ROM tracks and CD-DA tracks. Also, do not arrange CD-ROM areas and CD-DA areas in reverse order.

• Track number The CD-ROM area track number is 01. The CD-ROM XA area track number can be set from 02 to 98 consecutively. The CD-DA area track number is from 02 when there is no CD-ROM XA area. When there is a CD-ROM XA area, it can be set from the next track number continuously up to 99. Do not arrange track numbers discontinuously. One track must be at least four seconds.

! ! Except for the pause area, the pre gap, and post gap areas, 1 track requires 4 seconds or more.

• Pauses between tracks According to the “Yellow Book,” a two second pause (silent interval) must be placed before and after a CD-ROM track, before and after a CD ROM XA area, before each CD-DA track, and after the final CD-DA track. This is so that the end of the prior song is not played while seeking with an audio CD player.

• CD-DA tracks Data of at least one song must be placed in the CD-DA area. When CD-DA data is not required, a warning message like “This CD is a Game-CD. Please play this disc on a dedicated game machine” should be entered. When the audio CD player is turned on, it’ll display what CD it is. This message is not required when there is data for at least one song. The user may also play the CD to listen to songs only.

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Recording Range of the ProgramArea

ABS TIME LSN FAD Start frame 00:00:00 - 0 Start sector 00:02:00 0 150 End sector 63:01:74 283499 283647 End frame 63:03:74 - 283799 Lead-out area start time 63:04:00

• “Start frame, start sector” must be at the times shown above. Values for “End sector, end frame, lead-out area start time” must be at or smaller than the times shown above or at values that are smaller.

Track image diagram when data track is maximized (audio track is minimized)

Lead-inLead-in Lead-outLead-out TNOTNO 0000 01 01 02 02 AA AA

X X 0000 01 01 00 0001 01 01 01

A/D A/D Data Data Audio Audio Data Data Audio Audio

TIME TIME 63:04:00 00:02:00 63:04:00 (start sector)00:02 63:00:00 (first sector) 62:58:0063:00:00 00:00:00 62:56:00 62:58:00 00:00:00 (post62:56:00 gap start) (post gap start)

Figure 2.4 Track image when data track is maximized

• The usable data sector is from the start sector up to 1 sector before the post gap begins (about 566 MB.) 9 MB of data sectors are used up for every 1 minute increase of the audio track usage time.

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 7

2.3 Disc Position Indicator Key In addition to the absolute time (Atime) and logical sector number (LSN), the frame address (FAD) is incorporated in order to specify a position on the disc. • Logical Sector Number (LSN) Numbers are continuously assigned in sector (frame) units, with the absolute time 00:02:00 as 0. • Frame Address (FAD) Numbers are continuously assigned in sector (frame) units, with the absolute time 00:00:00 as 0, and corresponds with the absolute time at a ration of 1 to 1. The logical sector number and frame address have the following relationship.

logical sector number = frame address – 150

The frame address acts as a key for accessing the CD block.

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Figure 2.4 shows the relationship between the access key and track structure in order to explain the meaning of the frame address.

Inside Disc Information Area Inside Disc Information Area Lead-in Lead-out Area Area Q code Lead-in Lead-out Area Program Area Area Q code Program Area DataData Data Audio Audio Contr. DataData Data Audio Audio Contr. TNO 0001 02 03 AA TNO 0001 02 03 AA Index 0001 00 01 00 01 0001 00 00 01 Index 2 ≥2 01 sec. 2 ≥ sec. sec. 2 Time sec. Time

Point = A0 PSET = 00Point = A0 ATime (note)PSET = 00 ATime (see (note)note) Mode Mode 01 01 02 Header Header (Min, Sec,(Min, Sec, Frame) Frame)

LogicSectorLogicalSectorLogicSector Number NumberNumber (LSN) (LSN)

Frame Frame Address Address (FAD) (FAD)

Must have No tracks More than 1 song Must have1 trackNo tracksrequired,More thanrequired 1 song 1 track required,multiple requiredtracks multiplepossible tracks possible

Note: With the CD-ROM XA standard, PSEC=20H when POINT=A0H; however, with the Semi CD-ROM XA standard, PSEC=00H.

Figure 2.4 General Game-CD Structure

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 9

2.4 Sector Structure Figure 2.5 shows the physical format of the CD-ROM and CD-ROM XA. Game-CD uses three types of sectors: Mode 1, Mode 2 Form 1, and Mode 2 Form 2.

2352 bytes 2340 bytes 2336 bytes 12 4 2048 288 bytes CD-ROM Sector Synchro- HeaderUser User Data Date ECD/ECCEDC/ECC etc. Mode 1 nization

12 48 2048 280 bytes CD-ROMCA-ROM XA Sector Sub- Synchro- Headerheader UserUser DateData ECD/ECCEDC/ECC etc. etc. Mode 2 Form 1 nization

12 48 2324 4 bytes Sector CD-ROM XA Sub- EDCECD Synchro- Headerheader User DataDate Mode 2 Form 2 nization etc.etc.

Header Subheader

Recurring 4 byes MIN SEC FRAME MODE FN CN SM CI FNCN SM CI

FN: File File Number Number 1 byte * CN: Channel Channel NumberNumber SM: Sub Mode CI:SM: Coding Sub Mode Information CI: Coding Information

Figure 2.5 CD-ROM and CD-ROM XA Sector Format

! ! Mode 2 format without form specification cannot be used.

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2.4.1 Header Field The header field is composed of the sector address (absolute time) and mode byte. The configuration of the header field is shown in Table 2.2. A deviation may occur between the ATIME value of the subcode Q channel and sector address inside the header. Therefore, the header value, not the subcode Q channel, should be used when specifying a sector.

Table 2.2 Header Field Layout Sector Byte # Value 12 minute 13 second 14 frame 15 mode

2.4.2 Subheader Field A subheader has 8 bytes. Each byte of the file number, channel number, submode, and coding information (total of 4 bytes) is written twice for data reliability.

(1) File Number A file number is used to identify sectors belonging to one file which can be interleaved with another file and recorded. The file number of each sector of a logical file has the same value at this time. The file number is used for selecting sectors belonging to identical files, as well as eliminating other files. A list of restrictions according to file number values is shown below.

Table 2.3 File Number Restrictions File No. Explanation 0 Used in the following files or areas: • Files continuously being recorded on disc. • Directory • Other (Path Table, Volume Descriptor) Cannot interleave with other files 1 to 255 Could be interleaved or continuous (is not clear if interleaved with other files or not.)

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 11

(2) Channel Number The channel number is used to identify sectors belonging to one channel within a file.

Channel 1 (Picture)

Channel 2 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 Sector (Japanese) Interleave

Channel 3 (English) E1 E2 E3 E4 E5

Sector

J1 E1 J2 E2 J3 E3 J4 E4 J5 E5 Channel Number 1232 3 1231231231

Figure 2.6 Sector Interleave by Channel Number

(3) Submode Submodes are used in synchronization, ending files or records, and for sector assignments in the system. The submode byte configuration is listed in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Submode Bit Configuration Bit No. Bit Name Abbreviated Value

7 End of File (EOF) 0 6 Real Time Sector (RT) 0 5 Form (F) 0 4 Trigger (T) 0 3 Data (D) 1 2 Audio (A) 0 1 Video (V) 0 0 End of Record (EOR) 0

End of File (EOF): Only the last sector of a file is set to 1. Other sectors are set to 0. Real Time Sector (RT): When this bit is 1, processing must be done without interrupting the actual time process of CD-ROM XA. Form (F): Indicates recording has been performed per Form-1 at 0 and Form-2 at 1. Trigger (T): Used for synchronization in applications SEGAwith various Confidential coding information. 12

Data (D): Set to 1 for sector data related to the program. When this bit is 1, the Form bit must be 0. Audio (A): The audio sector is set to 1. When this bit is 1, the Form bit is also set to 1. Video (V): The video sector is set for 1. End of Record (EOR): 1 is set when the last sector of a logical record is reached.

When bits 1, 2, and 3 (Video, Audio, Data) are used simultaneously, only one can be set to 1. In addition, either bit 1, 2, or 3 must be set to 1 for all sectors, excluding the empty sector.

(4) Coding Information The coding information byte defines the details of the sector data type. This is not defined in GAME-CD.

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 13

3.0 Logical Disc Format

3.1 Overview The CD-ROM area and CD-ROM XA area are comprised of a system area and a data area. To describe the disc volume/file structure, a volume descriptor set, directory, and path table are recorded at the start of the data area (Figure 3.1). The system area, volume descriptor set, root directory, and path table must be recorded on the Mode 1 track.

LSN 0 16 FAD 150 166 ATIME 00:02:00 00:02:16

Mode 1 Mode 2 Data Area System File File Area

VolumeVolume Root Path File File File BOOT Descriptor System Descriptor Directory Table 1 2 1 SetSet

Record to Record to Mode Track 1 Mode Track 2

Figure 3.1 Overview of CD-ROM and CD-ROM XA Areas

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3.2 Volume / File Structure • Overview The volume/file structure conforms to the ISO9660. Information is added to the directory record system area. • Abbreviations Express Types of Data The following abbreviations are used for the volume/file structure.

Table 3.1 Abbreviations of Data ypesT Abbrev. Name Description

N Numeric Value 8 bit binary number

NL Least Significant Byte First LSBF notation 16/32 bit binary numeric value Ex: recorded as hexadecimal 1234 → 34 12

NM Most Significant Byte First MSBF notation 16/32 bit binary numeric value. Ex: recorded as hexadecimal 1234 → 12 34

NB Both-type orders LSBF notation + MSBF notation Ex: recorded as hexadecimal 1234 → 34 12 12 34

ND Any digit from ZERO-NINE Numeric value in decimal notation

A A-characters ASCII character string (20-22/25-3F/41- 5A/5F)

D D-characters Directory character string (30-3F/41- 5A/5F)

DS D-characters, SEPARATOR 1, D-characters + ". ; " (2E/3B) SEPARATOR 2

DE Directory Entry Directory Entry Format

A1 A1-characters A-characters + Kanji

D1 D1-characters D-characters + Kanji

D1S D1-characters, SEPARATOR 1, D1-characters + ". ; " (2E/3B) SEPARATOR 2

00 Zero fill Not used. Fill the reserve areas, etc., with (00)

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 15

Volume Path Directory Block DescriptorVolume PathTable Directory(Directory Block File) Descriptor Table (Directory File) 1 Route direct. Route direct. RootSelf Self f 1 1 Route direct. Route direct. DirectorySelf SelfPatent f 1 ¥ Path Table 2 Patent Parent=Sub Self PatentParent= Self ¥ Path Table 2 Patent ¥ Path Table Address Directory== SelfSelf = Self ¥ Path Table Address 3 f 1 3 f 1 f 2 f 2 PathPath Table Table Record Record f 2 f 2

Sub- Sub- n directory n directory Patent Directory Number PatentParent Directory Number f 3 f 3 ¥ ¥Directory Directory Block Block Address Address f 3 f 3 ¥ ¥Parent Parent Directory Directory Number Number ¥ Directory Name ¥ Directory Name Sub-Sub- directorydirectory

Sub-Sub- directorydirectory

PatentParentPatent ¥ File¥ File Start Start Sector Sector Address Address ¥ Directory¥ Directory Record Record ¥ File¥ File Size Size ¥ File¥ File Name Name ¥ System¥ System Info. Info. when when in Mode in Mode 2 2 (File (File Number, Number, Form Form Info., Info., etc.) etc.)

Figure 3.2 CD-ROM (ISO9660) Data Configuration for File Management

• Volume Descriptor: Arranged from the start of the data area. Fixed length by type. • Path Table: Set of Path Table Records. Path Table size and address are recorded in the volume descriptor. • Path Table Record: Corresponds to one directory (root, sub). The record position is the directory number (1 to n). Directory information is described in the directory block. • Directory Block: Set of Directory Records. A directory block is considered as one file (directory file.) The size of the directory block is recorded in the directory record file size of the block start (size of own directory file.) • Directory Record: Corresponds to one file (including directory.) SEGA Confidential 16

3.2.1 Volume Descriptor Set The volume descriptor set is a group of volume descriptors recorded in a sector from logical sector number 16. The following are the five types of volume descriptors. The volume section descriptors are not used.

VolumeVolume Descriptor Descriptor Type Type StandardStandard Identifier Identifier VolumeVolume Descriptor Descriptor Version Version Number Number 1278

CD001 DiffersDiffers according according to totype type of ofdescriptor descriptor

88 3939 40 40 71 71 72 72 2048 2048 Boot Sytem Boot WithoutNot Boot Record 00 CD001 Boot Sytem Boot Without 00 CD001 IdentifierIdentifier IdentifierIdentifier DescriptionDefinedDefinition Primary Volume BootDescriptor Record 01 CD001 See See Table Table 3.3 3.3 Supplementary Primary VolumeVolume 02 CD001 See Table 3.4 DescriptorDescriptor 02 CD001 See Table 3.4

SupplementaryVolume Section 03 CD001Not used inin SaturnSATURN Game Game Disk Disk DescriptorVolume 03 CD001 Not used in Saturn Game Disk Descriptor Volume Descriptor ValumeSet Descriptor Terminals FF CD001 00 Set Terminals FF CD001 00

Figure 3.3 Volume Descriptors

1. Boot Record

Table 3.2 Boot Record Configurations Byte Position Type Field Name Description 1 N Volume Descriptor Type Volume descriptor type 2 - 6 Standard Identifier "CD001" 7 N Volume Descriptor Version Version number 8 - 39 A Boot System Identifier Boot system identifier 40 - 71 A Boot Identifier Boot identifer 71 - 2048 Boot System Use Not defined

! ! In a normal Game-CD, the primary volume descriptor and volume descriptor set terminal are each recorded by 1 sector. These two sectors must be recorded. ! ! The supplementary volume descriptor and boot record should be used after usage method SEGAis well understood. Confidential

Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 17

2. Primary Volume Descriptor A volume descriptor set contains one primary volume descriptor, which describes volume attributes, root directory position, positions of path tables set, and others. Table 3.3 lists the details of a primary volume descriptor structure .

Table 3.3 Primary Volume Descriptor Structure Byte Position Type Field Name Description 1 N Volume Descriptor Type Volume Descriptor Type = 01 2~6 Standard Identifier “CD001” 7 N Volume Descriptor Version Number 8 00 Unused Field 9~40 A System Identifier System using LSN 0~15 41~72 D Volume Identifier Volume Name 73~80 00 Unused Field 81~88 NB Volume Space Size 89~120 00 Unused Field 121~124 NB Volume Set Size Volume no. = 1 when in multi- volume 125~128 NB Volume Sequence Number Ordinal number of volume logical block length when in mulit- volume 129~132 NB Logical Block Size 133~140 NB Path Table Size Bite number of total path table 141~144 NL Occurrence of LSBF listed Path Table position Type L Path Table location 145~148 NL Optional Occurrence of Spare Type L Path Table location 149~152 NM Occurrence of MSBF listed Path Table position Type M Path Table location 153~156 NM Optional Occurrence of Spare Type M Path Table location 157~190 DE Directory Record for Root Directory 191~318 D Volume Set Identifier General name when in multi- volume 319~446 A Publisher Identifier 447~574 A Data Preparer Identifier Data Editor Identifier 575~702 A Application Identifier Identification related to data usage method 703~739 DS Copyright File Identifier Abstract file name 740~776 DS Abstract File Identifier 777~813 DS Bibliographic File Identifier Number of book 814~830 ND Volume Creation Date and Time 831~847 ND Volume Modification Date & Time 848~864 ND Volume Expiration Date & Time 865~881 ND Volume Effective Date & Time 882 N File Structure Version Number of file configuration 883 00 Reserved for future standardization 884~1395 Application Use Conforms to CD-ROM XA specification 1396~2048 Reserved for future standardization

The areas below are defined as disc labels with the CD-ROM XA standard.

Table 3.4 CD-ROM XA Disc Labels Byte Position Type Field Name Remarks 1025 - 1032 Identifying Signature "CD-XA001" 1033 - 1034 CD-ROM XA Flags Reserved area 1035 - 1042 D Startup Directory Start up directory name 1043 - 1050SEGA 00 Reserved ConfidentialReserved area 18

3. Supplementary Volume Descriptor A volume descriptor set contains any number of supplementary volume descriptors. The supplementary volume descriptor describes volume attributes, root directory position, positions of path table set, and others. When using Japanese, identifiers such as the volume name and publisher identifier are recorded in the supplementary volume descriptor. Table 3.5 lists the details of a supplementary volume descriptor.

Table 3.5 Supplementary Volume Descriptor Structure Byte Position Type Field Name Description 1 N Volume Descriptor Type 2~6 Standard Identifier “CD001” 7 N Volume Descriptor Version Number of version 8 Volume Flag 9~40 A1 System Identifier Using LSN 0~15 41~72 D1 Volume Identifier Volume name 73~80 00 Unused Field 81~88 NB Volume Space Size The number of sectors for total volume. 89~120 00 Unused Field 121~124 NB Volume Set Size Volume = 1, when multi-volume 125~128 NB Volume Sequence Number Volume ordinal number when multi-volume. 129~132 NB Logical Block Size Logical block length 133~140 NB Path Table Size Total number of path table bytes 141~144 NL Occurrence of LSBF listed Path Table position Type L Path Table location 145~148 NL Optional Occurrence of Type L Path Table location 149~152 NM Location of Occurrence of MSBF listed Path Table position Type M Path Table location 153~156 NM Location of Optional Occurrence of Spare Type M Path Table location 157~190 DE Directory Record for Root Directory 191~318 D1 Volume Set Identifier General name when multi- volume 319~446 A1 Publisher Identifier 447~574 A1 Data Preparer Identifier Data editor identifier 575~702 A1 Application Identifier Identification related to the data usage method. 703~739 D1S Copyright File Identifier Copyright File Name 740~776 D1S Abstract File Identifier Extra at (Summary) file name 777~813 D1S Bibliographic File Identifier 814~830 ND Volume Creation Date and Time 831~847 ND Volume Modification Date & Time 848~864 ND Volume Expiration Date & Time 865~881 ND Volume Effective Date & Time 882 N File Structure Version Number Number of version 883 00 Reserved for future standardization 884~1395 Application Use Not prescribed 1396~2048 Reserved for future standardization SEGA Confidential

Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 19

3.2.2 Directory The directory is recorded as one file composed of a number of directory records. Each directory record is identified exclusively within the same directory through file identification. File identification displays the filename or directory name and stores them as follows.

88 characters characters or or less less 33 charcterscharacters or or less, less, can can be be abbreviated abbreviated 1 ~ 32767 (Always(normally set set to to 1) 1)

File Identification File File NameName . Extension Extension ; VersionVersion NumberNumber Delimiter Charactor: 2 Delimiter Character 2 DelimiterDelimiter Character Charactor: 1 1 Directory Name 8 characters or less Directory Name-----8 (Incharacters the root ordictionary, less 1 byte = $00H) (In the root dictionary, 1 byte=00H)

• Directory Record Structure

Table 3.6 Directory Records

Byte Position Type Field Name

1 N Length of Directory Record 2 N Extended Attribute Record Length 3 - 10 NB Location of Extent (LSN) 11 - 18 NB Data Length 19 - 25 N Recording Date and Time 26 File Flags 27 N File Unit Size 28 N Interleave Gap Size 29 - 32 NB Volume Sequence Number 33 N Length of File Indicator 34 - (33+ D1S File Identifier: LEN_FI) ¥ File Name, Extension, Version Number ¥ Directory Name 34+LEN_FI 00 Padding Field System Use

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• Format of Recorded Date and Time

Table 3.7 Format of Recording Date and imeT Relative Type Field Name Byte Position

1 N Number of years since 1900. 2 N Month of the year from 1 to 12. 3 N Day of the month from 1 to 31. 4 N Hour of the day from 0 to 23. 5 N Minute of the hour from 0 to 59. 6 N Second of the minute from 0 to 59. 7 N Offset from Greenwich Mean Time in number of 15 minute intervals from -48 (west) to +52 (east).

• File Flag

Table 3.8 File Flag Bit Field Name Remarks Position

0 Existence 1 Directory 2 Associated File (=0) 3 Record (extend attribute record structure file) 4 Protection File (=0) 5 Reserved 6 Reserved 7 Multi-Extent File (=0)

• File Identification Filename or directory name is stored according to the value of the File Flag Directory bit (bit 1). Directory bit = 0: Specifies identification information for file.

Table 3.9 File Identification Directory bit value Format Explanation 0 File name. Extension; Version number File name: 8 characters or less Example: aaaaaaaa.bbb; Extension: 3 characters or less (can be omitted) xxxxxx Version number: Normally set to 1 1 Directory name: 8 characters or less Directory name In the root directory, 1 byte is 00H.

The length of the file identification is an even number; 1 byte (00H) is filled in. SEGA Confidential

Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 21

• System Information Extensions for ISO9660 Standard are shown in the tables below.

Table 3.10 System Information Byte Position Type Field Name Remarks 1 - 4 NM Owner ID (or Group ID) 5 - 6 Attributes Attribute bit 7 Signature byte 1 "X" ($58) 8 Signature byte 2 "A" ($41) 9 N File Number 10 - 14 00 Reserved Reserved Area

• Attribute bits

Table 3.11 Attribute bits Bit Position Field Name Description

0 Owner Read 1 Reserved 2 Owner execute 3 Reserved 4 Group read 5 Reserved 6 Group execute 7 Reserved 8 World read 9 Reserved 10 World execute 11 File contains Form 1 sectors Includes Form 1 sector 12 File contains Form 2 sectors Includes Form 2 sector 13 File contains interleaved sector Includes interleave sector 14 CD-DA file CD-DA file 15 Directory Directory file

3.2 (3) Path Table A path table record is recorded for each directory except for modification of a root directory. Path table records are assigned numbers starting from 1, and the first record represents the root directory The table below details the Path Table Record.

Table 3.12 Path Table Records

Byte Position Type Field Name Remarks 1 N Length of Directory Identifier Length of Directory Name 2 N Extended Attribute Record Length 3 Ð 6 N Location of Extent LSN of start extent 7 Ð 8 N Parent Directory Number Parent Directory Entry Number 9 Ð (8+ D1 Directory Identifier Directory Name LEN_DI) 9+LEN_DI 00 Padding Field Only when Directory Name is an odd number. SEGA Confidential 22

3.3 User File The user file is arranged in the data area. A single file is not necessarily organized continuously, as it is generally interleaved. The Mode 2 sector mixes Form 1 and Form 2 , and all sectors are converted to 2048 bytes. For convenience, the Mode 1 sector is handled in form as a Form 1 sector with a 0 subheader. Form 2 sector data must be in 2324 byte units, fractional bytes are not permitted.

3.4 Other Items 1. Directory Structure The SEGA SATURN Game-CD supports a sub-directory structure as well. 2. Multi-Volume Not supported.

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 23

4.0 Boot System

This material provides rules that must be followed when application software uses the boot system. CDs that do not follow these standards are not recognized as a SATURN Game-CD. All application software run by the SATURN must follow these standards. This material is an extract of the disc format standard specification, and only particularly important information is listed. Be sure to read the contents of the disc Format Standard Specification as well.

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4.1 System Area The system area is placed at the beginning of the CD-ROM. System information used during application start-up is written in the system area. The system information and the initial program must be placed continuously within the system area as the IP. The IP consists of the boot code and application initial program (AIP). The boot code includes ID data, such as the game name, and security code. Code such as the initial program is contained in the AIP.

Table 4.1 IP Structure Structure Size Remarks System ID 100H Game title, product no., version, etc. IP Boot Code Security Code D00H Security code Area Code Group 20H ~ 100H Area code group Application Initial Program 20 ~ 71E0H Initial program, file system, etc.

4.2 System ID This data is placed at the start of the system area. 0123456789ABCDEF 00H Hardware Identifier 10H Maker ID 20H Product Number Version 30H Release date Device information 40H Compatible area symbols Space 50H Compatible peripherals 60H Game Title 70H 80H 90H A0H B0H C0H D0H Reserved E0H IP Size Reserved Stack-M Stack-S F0H 1st Read Address 1st Read Size Reserved Reserved Figure 4.1 System ID Structure

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 25

4.3 Description of the System ID

Basic Information Usable Characters All of the characters that can be used within the System ID are ASCII code English alphanumeric characters. However, “./-:” can be used depending on the item. All upper case and lower case characters can be used if nothing is specified.

Entering Data • Characters are left justified unless otherwise specified. No space is inserted at the beginning. • All empty areas are filled in with the ASCII "space" character code 20H unless otherwise specified. Expression definition: “ ∆” and/or spaces in the following descriptors are considered to be ASCII code 20H.

Other Rules RESERVED areas must be filled in with 00H.

Description of Each Item Hardware Identifier (Start address: 00H) Definition: Unique ID for hardware. Usable characters: Only upper case English characters. Number of characters: 16 characters Entry rules: “SEGA∆SEGASATURN∆” must be entered.

Maker ID (Start address: 10H) Definition: Enter the maker ID specified by SEGA. Usable characters: English alphanumeric characters only. Number of characters: 16 characters. Entry rules: For SEGA brand: Fixed at 16 characters of “SEGA∆ENTERPRISES” For 3rd party brand: “SEGA∆TP∆KAISHA-A” 16 characters Unique company code given to all third parties is entered in KAISHA-A. Example: “SEGA∆TP∆T-999∆∆∆” Standard: The underlined part above is entered as left justified, the remainder is filled in with spaces and must be 16 characters in total.

Product Number (Start address: 20H) Definition: Enter the SEGA specified product number. Usable characters: English alphanumeric characters only. Number of characters: 10 characters. Entry rules: A blank area is filled in with spaces. Entry example: SEGA brand title: “GS-9099∆∆∆” SEGAThird party title:Confidential “T-99901G∆∆” 26

Version (Start address: 2AH) Definition: Enter the application version. Usable characters: Upper case “V”, numbers, and “.” (period). Number of characters: 6 characters Entry rules: Must start with “V” followed by a 1 digit number, followed by a “.”, and 3 digit numbers. The final release is V1.000 Entry example: For a sample disc: “V0.801” For a master disc: “V1.000”

Release Date (Start address: 30H) Definition: Enter the creation date of the master disc (write-once disc) Usable characters: Only numbers. Number of characters: 8 characters Entry rules: Must enter all 4 digits of the year; 2 digits of both the month and date. Entry sample: “19940912” (September 12, 1994)

Device Information (Start address: 38H) Definition: Enter device information. For a CD, enter the page number and the set number it belongs to. Usable characters: English alphanumeric characters as well as “/” and “-” Number of characters: 8 characters Entry rules: A blank area is filled in with a space. Entry sample: CD set of 1, 1st CD: “CD-1/1∆∆” CD set of 3, 2nd CD: “CD-2/3∆∆”

Compatible Area Symbol (Start address: 40H) Definition: Enter the area symbol of the region where the application is to operate. Usable characters: Only the upper case English alphabets specified below inthe character list. Number of characters: 10 characters Entry rules: May enter multiple characters. Area symbols are entered closely, without spaces and commas in between. A blank area is filled in with a space. Enter: • List of Area Symbols Japan “J” Asia NTSC (Taiwan, Philippines, Korea) “T” North America (U. S., Canada, Central South America (Brazil)) “U” Europe PAL, East Asia PAL, Central South America PAL “E” SEGA Confidential

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Entry sample: For applications that run in Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and Korea (do not run in other regions): “JT∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆”

Note: The area code that corresponds with the region entered here must be entered in the area code group. (See “4.5 Area Code”)

Supplement: Hardware has "area symbols" information that differ according to the sales region. The application starts only when the “area symbol,” “area symbol within the corresponding area symbol,” and “area code” match.

Compatible Peripheral (Start address: 50H) Definition: Enter information of fully compatible input peripherals. Usable characters: English alphanumeric characters only. Number of characters: 16 characters Entry rules: May enter multiple characters. Characters are not required to be in order. Characters are entered closely, with no spaces and commas inserted in between. A blank area is filled in with a space. • List of Characters Control Pad “J” Analog Controller “A” Mouse “M” Keyboard “K” Steering Controller “S” Multitap “T” Entry sample: For applications that support the standard joy pad and mouse: “JM∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆” Supplement: Plans to increase characters as the peripherals increase. See section 2.3 Peripheral Compatibility in the SEGA SATURN Software Development Standards document (ST-151-R3) for more details.

Game Title (Start address: 60H) Definition: Enter the title of the game. Usable characters: The game title uses English alphanumeric characters only. A space can be inserted in the game title. “/-:” can be used as a delimiter between titles when more than one title is listed. Number of characters: 112 characters Entry rules: Titles can be multiple listed when names differ by sales area. There are no detailed rules for multiple entries, but all entries allow titles to be distinguished easily by looking at the information part. A blank area is filled in with a space. Entry sample: When there are multiple titles: 1) “TITLE1/TITLE2/TITLE3∆∆∆∆” 2) “J:TITLE1∆∆U:TITLE2∆∆∆∆∆∆” SEGA Confidential 28

IP SIZE (Start address: E0H) Definition: Specifies the size (byte number) of the Initial Program (IP). Size: 4 bytes. Rules: AIP is placed immediately after the boot code, creating a single file, and the size of the file is specified. Parameters must be all long-word aligned (multiples of 4H). Range: 1000 ~ 8000H

STACK-M (Start address: E8H) Definition: Master-SH2 stack pointer address. Default (0 specified) 6001000H ~ 6001FFFH becomes the stack area. Rules: Parameters are all long-word aligned (multiples of 4H).

STACK-S (Start address: ECH) Definition: Slave-SH2 stack pointer address. Default (0 specified) 6000D00H ~ 6000FFFH becomes the stack area. Rules: Parameters are all long-word aligned (multiples of 4H).

1st READ ADDRESS (Start address: F0H) Definition: Transfer destination address of files transferred to the WORK-RAM by the boot system while the SEGA logo is being displayed. Rules: Transfer is not performed when 0H. The file identifier [2] file is transferred when the data is transfered from a CD. Parameters must all be aligned in long-word (multiples of 4H). Range: Larger than (60020000H+IP SIZE), smaller than (6100000-4) Supplement: See item “4.7 Application Initial Program and 1st READ FILE.”

1st READ SIZE (Start address: F4H) Definition: Ignored for CDs. Rules: Parameters are all long-word aligned (multiples of 4H).

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 29

4.4 Security Code The security code is placed immediately after the SYSTEM ID. Because the code is provided in object code form from SEGA, IT MUST BE USED AS-IS WITHOUT MODIFICATION. Content of the security code includes data, and programs dis- playing the SEGA license information. Because an application that does not have the correct security code is not recognized as a SEGA SATURN CD, the game will not launch. The filename of the security code found in the SEGA SATURN software Library is underlined below. \SATURN\SEGALIB\LIB\SYS_SEC.OBJ

4.5 Area Codes Area codes are placed immediately after the security code. The code is provided in object code form from SEGA, and it must be used without modification. There are eight types of area codes for each of the hardware sales areas, but area codes corresponding to the SYSTEM ID “compatible area symbols” must be entered. The entry order for “compatible area symbols” and “area codes” do not have to match when there are multiple listings. The sizes of the various area codes are the same, enabling them to be easily changed. A common disc can be created by linking multiple area codes. (See samples in the appendix.) An area code supplied filename within the directory after the software library disc is installed is underlined below. \SATURN\SEGALIB\LIB\SYS_ARE?.OBJ ; ? is the same character as the compatible area ; 4 types exist

The relationship of the corresponding area symbol with the hardware sales region and area codes are as follows.

Table 4.3 Area Code andArea Symbol Relation

Area Hardware Sales Region Area Code Filename J Japan SYS_AREJ.OBJ T Asia NTSC Region SYS_ARET.OBJ U North America SYS_AREU.OBJ E Europe PAL, East Asia PAL, SYS_AREE.OBJ Central South America PAL

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4.6 Application Initial Program This program is executed immediately after the area code is executed by placing it after the area code group. The program then advances under the control of the application.

4.7 Application Initial Program and 1st Read File Both are systems in which the boot ROM automatically transfers files from the CD- ROM. By using this at the time of startup, a specified file can be transferred without programming by application.

1st Read File While the SEGA logo license is displayed (while executing the security code), the file read by the boot system (file identifier [2]) is called the 1st Read File. Display of the SEGA logo license continues until reading of the 1st Read File has ended. Conse- quently, the display time of the SEGA logo license screen increases as the size of the transfer file increases. The minimum display time is 2 seconds; the maximum is 3.5 seconds. When the 1st Read Address is set, the 1st Read File is read but not executed. This may not be specified, but to use time during SEGA Logo License display effectively, its use is recommended.

Application Initial Program By placing the file system within the program, access to the CD can be easily achieved thereafter in file units. By skillfully using both, an efficient application can be created.

TV Screen BOOT-ROM Process Power ON

SYSTEM ID Chcek I SEGA SATURN Security Code Check SEGA SATURN Logo I Logo Display Process Area Code Check I IP Load AIPLoading AIPis being loaded AIPloaded

Security Code Reads the file of file SEGA Logo Execution identifier [2], transfers to the transfer destination Lincense I Area Code of the SYSTEM ID Execution 1st Read Address

Application Application Initial Program Execution SEGAFigure 4.1 Overview Confidential from when the power is turned on

Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 31

4.8 IP Creation Method

• SYS_ID.SRC This is an assembler source program for SYSTEM ID creation. Change according to the application. (See “4.3 SYSTEM ID Description") Be sure to place at the start of the program. The file below is a sample source program: \SATURN\SEGASMP\SYS\SYS_ID.SRC

• SYS_SEC.OBJ Security code object file. (See “4.4 Security Code”) Link and build as is. • SYS_ARE?.OBJ Area code object file. (See “4.5 Area Code”) Link and build as is.

The files above are linked in the order of SYS_ID.OBJ, SYS_SEC.OBJ, SYS_ARE?.OBJ . . ., to create SYS_IP.BIN. Please place this file in the CD system area.

IP Placement The IP size can be created within a range of the minimum sector and the maximum 16 sectors. If the required IP size is 8 sectors or less, multiple IPs can be recorded in order to improve reliability. Make sure that each IP is at the starting sector bound- ary. This increases the chances of startup even if a failure occurs when reading the first sector.

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APPENDIX Various Sample Code Listings

;======; smp_id0.src — System ID for SEGA (Ver. 1994-11-11) ;======.SECTION SYSID, CODE, ALIGN=4 ; .SDATA “SEGA SEGASATURN “ ;00: hardware identifier (cannot change) .SDATA “SEGA ENTERPRISES “ ;10: maker ID .SDATA “999999999 V1.000 “ ;20: product number, version .SDATA “19941122CD-1/1 “ ;30: release date, device information .SDATA “JTUE “ ;40: compatible area symbol .SDATA “J “ ;50: compatible peripheral .SDATA “GAME TITLE “ ;60: game title .SDATA “ “ ;70: .SDATA “ “ ;80: .SDATA “ “ ;90: .SDATA “ “ ;A0: .SDATA “ “ ;B0: .SDATA “ “ ;C0: .DATA.L H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000 ;D0: .DATA.L H’00001000, H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000 ;E0: .DATA.L H’06010000, H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000 ;F0: ; .END ;======End of file ======

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;======; smp_id1.src — System ID for 3rd Party (Ver. 1994-11-11) ;======.SECTION SYSID, CODE, ALIGN=4 ; .SDATA “SEGA SEGASATURN “ ;00: hardware identifier (cannot change) .SDATA “SEGA TP KAISHA-A “ ;10: maker ID .SDATA “999999999 V1.000 “ ;20: product number, version .SDATA “19941122CD-1/1 “ ;30: release date, device information .SDATA “JTUE “ ;40: compatible area symbol .SDATA “J “ ;50: compatible peripheral .SDATA “GAME TITLE “ ;60: game title .SDATA “ “ ;70: .SDATA “ “ ;80: .SDATA “ “ ;90: .SDATA “ “ ;A0: .SDATA “ “ ;B0: .SDATA “ “ ;C0: .DATA.L H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000 ;D0: .DATA.L H’00001000, H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000 ;E0: .DATA.L H’06010000, H’00000000, H’00000000, H’00000000 ;F0: ; .END ;======End of file ======

;======; smpsys. lnk — SH Linkage Subcommand File for IP (Ver. 1994-11-11) ;======Input sys_id.obj Input .. \ .. \segalib\lib\sys_sec.obj Input .. \ .. \segalib\lib\sys_arej.obj Input .. \ .. \segalib\lib\sys_aret.obj Input .. \ .. \segalib\lib\sys_areu.obj Input .. \ .. \segalib\lib\sys_aree.obj Input .. \ .. \segalib\lib\sys_init.obj Input smpsys.obj STart SYSID (06002000) Output sys_ip.abs Print sys_ip.map EXIT ;======End of file ======

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;======; sample0.scr — CD-ROM (Ver. 1994-11-11) ;Note: CD-ROM (MODE1 + CD-DA) Disc Sample Script. ; Use Ver. 3.10 or later for versions VCDPRE and VCDBUILD. ; R: Required ; O: Optional ; NC: No change, cannot change parameters (Please use without changing) ; CP: Can change parameters ; --: No parameters ; A command name heads the beginning of each line. Please use unchanged. ;======Define dirsmpdisc .\sample\ ; O CP Disc sample0. DSK ; R CP Session CDROM ; R NC LeadIn MODE1 ; R NC EndLeadIn ; R -- ; SystemArea [dirsmpdisc]sys_ip.bin ; R CP ; Track MODE1 ; R NC Volume ISO9660 sample0.PVD ; R CP PrimaryVolume 00:02:16 ; R NC SystemIdentifier “SEGA SEGASATURN” ; R NC VolumeIdentifier “SAMPLE_GAME_TITLE” ; R CP VolumeSetIdentifier “SAMPLE_GAME_TITLE” ; R CP PublisherIdentifier “SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD.” ; R CP DataPreparerIdentifier “SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD.” ; R CP CopyrightFileIdentifier “SMP_CPY.TXT” ; R CP AbstractFileIdentifier “SMP_ABS.TXT” ; R CP BibliographicFileIdentifier “SMP_BIB.TXT” ; R CP VolumeCreationDate 22/11/1994 00:01:02:00:36 ; O CP VolumeModificationDate 22/11/1994 00:01:02:00:36 ; O CP EndPrimaryVolume ; R -- EndVolume ; R -- ; File SMP_CPY.TXT ; R CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] smp_cpy.txt ; R CP EndFileSource ; R -- EndFile ; R -- File SMP_ABS.TXT ; R CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc]smp_abs.txt ; R CP EndFileSource ; R -- EndFile ; R -- File SMP_BIB.TXT ; R CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc]smp_bib.txt ; R CP EndFileSource ; R --

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EndFile ; R -- ; File FILE0.BIN ; O CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] file0.bin ; O CP EndFileSource ; O -- EndFile ; O -- ; ; File ~ EndFile ; O CP ; PostGap 150 ; R NC EndTrack ; R -- ; Track CDDA ; R NC Pause 150 ; R NC FileSource [dirsmpdisc] sound0.da ; R CP EndFileSource ; R -- EndTrack ; R -- ; ; Track ~ EndTrack ; O CP ; LeadOut CDDA ; R NC Empty 500 ; R NC EndLeadOut ; R -- EndSession ; R -- EndDisc ; R -- ;======End of file ======

SEGA Confidential

;======; sample1.scr — CD-ROM XA (Ver. 1994-11-11) ;Note: CD-ROM XA (MODE1 + MODE2 + CD-DA) Disc Sample Script. ; Use Ver. 3.10 or later for versions VCDPRE and VCDBUILD. ; R: Required ; O: Optional ; NC: No change, cannot change parameters (Please user without changing) ; CP: Can change parameters ; --: No parameters ; A command name heads the beginning of each line. Please use unchanged. ;======Define dirsmpdisc .\sample\ ; O CP Disc sample1. DSK ; R CP Session SEMIXA ; R NC LeadIn MODE1 ; R NC EndLeadIn ; R -- ; SystemArea [dirsmpdisc]sys_ip.bin ; R CP ; Track MODE1 ; R NC Volume ISO9660 sample1.PVD ; R CP PrimaryVolume 00:02:16 ; R NC SystemIdentifier “SEGA SEGASATURN” ; R NC VolumeIdentifier “SAMPLE_GAME_TITLE” ; R CP VolumeSetIdentifier “SAMPLE_GAME_TITLE” ; R CP PublisherIdentifier “SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD.” ; R CP DataPreparerIdentifier “SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD.” ; R CP CopyrightFileIdentifier “SMP_CPY.TXT” ; R CP AbstractFileIdentifier “SMP_ABS.TXT” ; R CP BibliographicFileIdentifier “SMP_BIB.TXT” ; R CP VolumeCreationDate 22/11/1994 00:01:02:00:36 ; O CP VolumeModificationDate 22/11/1994 00:01:02:00:36 ; O CP EndPrimaryVolume ; R -- EndVolume ; R -- ; File SMP_CPY.TXT ; R CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] smp_cpy.txt ; R CP EndFileSource ; R -- EndFile ; R -- File SMP_ABS.TXT ; R CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc]smp_abs.txt ; R CP EndFileSource ; R -- EndFile ; R -- File SMP_BIB.TXT ; R CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc]smp_bib.txt ; R CP EndFileSource ; R -- EndFile ; R -- SEGA Confidential

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; File FILE0.BIN ; O CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] file0.bin ; O CP EndFileSource ; O -- EndFile ; O -- ; ; File ~ EndFile ; O CP ; PostGap 75 ; R NC EndTrack ; R -- ; Track MODE2 ; R NC PreGap 150 ; R NC Extent ; R -- FileInterleave 1 3 ; O CP File INTFILE0.BIN ; O CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] intfile0.bin ; O CP EndFileSource ; O -- EndFile ; O -- EndFileInterleave ; O -- FileInterleave 1 3 ; O CP File INTFILE1.BIN ; O CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] intfile1.bin ; O CP EndFileSource ; O -- EndFile ; O -- EndFileInterleave ; O -- FileInterleave 1 3 ; O CP File INTFILE2.BIN ; O CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] intfile2.bin ; O CP EndFileSource ; O -- EndFile ; O -- EndFileInterleave ; O -- FileInterleave 1 3 ; O CP File INTFILE3.BIN ; O CP FileSource [dirsmpdisc] intfile3.bin ; O CP EndFileSource ; O -- EndFile ; O -- EndFileInterleave ; O -- EndExtent ; R -- PostGap 150 ; R NC EndTrack ; R -- ; Track CDDA ; R NC Pause 150 ; R NC FileSource [dirsmpdisc] sound0.da ; R CP EndFileSource ; R -- EndTrack ; R --

SEGA Confidential

; ; Track ~ EndTrack ; O CP ; LeadOut CDDA ; R NC Empty 500 ; R NC EndLeadOut ; R -- EndSession ; R -- EndDisc ; R -- ;======End of file ======

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Disc Format Standards Specification Sheet 39