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Kajian Organologis Alat Musik Sarunai Minangkabau Buatan Bapak Aziz Mandri Chaniago Di Mabar, Medan

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Kajian Organologis Alat Musik Sarunai Minangkabau Buatan Bapak Aziz Mandri Chaniago Di Mabar, Medan KAJIAN ORGANOLOGIS ALAT MUSIK SARUNAI MINANGKABAU BUATAN BAPAK AZIZ MANDRI CHANIAGO DI MABAR, MEDAN SKRIPSI DIKERJAKAN O L E H NAMA : HENDRA CIPTA NIM : 100707069 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA DEPARTEMEN ETNOMUSIKOLOGI MEDAN 2017 i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KAJIAN ORGANOLOGIS ALAT MUSIK SARUNAI MINANGKABAU BUATAN BAPAK AZIZ MANDRI CHANIAGO DI MABAR, MEDAN Skripsi Sarjana Dikerjakan Oleh NAMA : HENDRA CIPTA NIM : 100707069 Disetujui Oleh Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II, Dra. Heristina Dewi, M.Pd. Drs. Muhammad Takari,M.Hum,Ph.D NIP 196605271994032001 NIP.196512211991031001 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA DEPARTEMEN ETNOMUSIKOLOGI MEDAN 2017 ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul “Kajian Organologis Alat Musik Sarunai Minangkabau Buatan Bapak Azis Mandri Chaniago di Mabar, Medan”. Sarunai Darek adalah alat musik tradisional khas Minangkabau,Sumatera Barat. Alat musik tiup ini terbuat dari bambu. Sarunai Darek mempunyai kekhasan tersendiri dibandingkan dengan alat musik tiup minangkabau yang lainnya, ukuran dan bunyi. Sarunai Darek memiliki 4 lubang nada, dengan panjang keseluruhan 18cm, diameter bambu 1cm. Ditinjau dari fungsinya Sarunai Darek ini adalah untuk hiburan yang dimainkan secara tunggal tanpa diiringi alat musik lainnya. Sarunai Darek ini banyak dimainkan oleh anak-anak gembala sambil menggembalakan ternaknya disawah ataupun diladang. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur, proses, teknik pembuatan, fungsi dari Sarunai Darek, serta menjadi karya tulis bagi Etnomusikologi. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan penelitian dan terlibat dalam pembuatan Sarunai Darek. Lalu penulis melakukan wawancara kepada narasumber yang dianggap paham oleh masyarakat pendukung kebudayaan tersebut, juga melakukan rekaman yang dianggap penting untuk mempermudah mengingat hasil wawancara kedalam tulisan tersebut. Kata Kunci : Organologis, Sarunai, Minangkabau, Struktural. iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. v DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... vii BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Pokok Permasalahan ................................................................................. 5 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................ 6 1.4 Konsep dan Teori ...................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Konsep ............................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Teori .................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Metode Penelitian ..................................................................................... 8 1.5.1 Studi Kepustakaan ............................................................................ 9 1.5.2 Kerja Lapangan ................................................................................. 10 1.5.3 Observasi .......................................................................................... 10 1.5.4 Wawancara ....................................................................................... 10 1.5.5 Kerja Laboratorium .......................................................................... 11 1.5.5 Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................................... 11 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM WILAYAH PENELITIAN DAN BIOGRAFI SINGKAT BAPAK AZIZ MANDRI CHANIAGO ......................................... 12 2.1 Lokasi Penelitian ....................................................................................... 12 2.2 Keadaan penduduk .................................................................................... 12 2.3 Pengaruh Kebudayaan Minangkabau di Kota Medan .............................. 12 2.4 Sistem Bahasa ........................................................................................... 14 2.5 Sistem Kepercayaan .................................................................................. 15 2.6 Sistem Kesenian ........................................................................................ 16 2.6.1 Seni Musik ........................................................................................ 16 2.6.2 Seni Tari ............................................................................................ 19 2.7 Sistem Kekerabatan .................................................................................. 19 2.8 Biografi Singkat Bapak Aziz Mandri Chaniago ....................................... 20 BAB III TEKNIK PEMBUATAN DAN MEMAINKAN BANSI MINANGKABAU ....................................................................................................... 22 34 3.1 Klasifikasi Sarunai Minangkabau ............................................................. 22 3.2 Konstruksi Sarunai Minangkabau ............................................................. 23 3.3 Ukuran Sarunai Minangkabau .................................................................. 23 3.4 Teknik Pembuatan Sarunai Minangkabau ................................................ 25 iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.4.1 Bahan baku yang Digunakan ............................................................ 25 3.4.1.1 Bambu Tipis yang Kecil (Tamiang) ............................................... 25 3.4.1.2 Peralatan yang Digunakan .............................................................. 27 3.5 Proses Pembuatan ..................................................................................... 28 3.5.1 Pemilihan Bambu Tamiang .............................................................. 28 3.5.2 Memotong Tamiang .......................................................................... 29 3.5.3 Mengikis Ujung Tamiang ................................................................. 30 3.5.4 Pelubangan Nada (Bagian Induk) ..................................................... 31 3.5.5 Pembuatan Bagian Anak (reed) ........................................................ 37 3.5.5.1 Memilih Bambu Untuk Bagian Anak (reed) ........................... 37 3.5.5.2 Pengikisan Bagian Anak (reed) . ............................................. 39 3.5.5.3 Pemotongan Lidah reed .......................................................... 40 3.5.5.4 Pemotongan Ujung Sambungan .............................................. 40 3.5.5.5 Memblok Ujung reed .............................................................. 41 3.5.5.6 Perenggangan Lidah reed ........................................................ 43 3.6 Tahap Penyempurnaan .............................................................................. 44 BAB IV SEJARAH DAN FUNGSI BANSI MINANGKABAU ................. 46 4.1 Teknik Permainan Sarunai Minangkabau ................................................. 46 4.2 Posisi Badan Memainkan Sarunai Minangkabau ..................................... 48 4.3 Posisi Jari Memainkan Sarunai Minangkabau .......................................... 50 4.4 Nada yang Dihasilkan Sarunai Minangkabau ........................................... 53 4.5 Sample Lagu ............................................................................................. 55 4.6 Fungsi Musik Sarunai Minangkabau ........................................................ 56 4.6.1 Fungsi Hiburan .................................................................................. 57 4.6.2 Fungsi Pengungkapan Emosional ..................................................... 57 4.6.3 Fungsi Penghayatan Estetis ............................................................... 58 4.6.4 Fungsi reaksi Jasmani ······································································· 58 4.7 Nilai Ekonomi Pada Alat Musik Sarunai Minangkabau ··························· 58 BAB V PENUTUP ......................................................................................... 60 5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................... 60 5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................... 61 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 : Bapak Aziz Mandri Chaniago dengan Penulis ............................ 21 Gambar 2 : Konstruksi Sarunai Minangkabau ................................................ 23 Gambar 3 : Ukuran Sarunai Minangkabau ..................................................... 23 Gambar 4 : Ukuran Bagian Induk .................................................................... 24 Gambar 5 : Ukuran Lubang Bagian Induk ...................................................... 24 Gambar 6 : Ukuran Bagian Anak (reed) ......................................................... 25 Gambar 7 : Bambu Tamiang (Schizostachyum blumei)
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