MIDWEST NOTE-BOOK Newsletter of the Midwest Chapter of the Music Library 7 ~ssociation 1 Volume I, Number 1 May 1992 I I I FRMl THE CHAIR Chair is set up precisely to ensure that clarity. Starting at Least fifteen One of the most vital Finally, Iwant to thank years ago, the Midwest Chapter began aspects of the Midwest Chapter is the committee chairs and members for to discuss the possibility of naming its very active committees (a Lis- all of their hard work. The Chapter its newsletter. Things started to ting of which is given elsewhere in wouldn't be the same without you! move when, at the Chapter Business this newsletter with their members). Allie Goudy, Midwest Meeting, it was announced that a When I first joined the Chapter in Chapter Chair name would be chosen after the the Late 1970s, committees played a membership was surveyed. The much smaller role in the Life of the ST. LOUIS MEETING IN THE PLANWINS January issue of the newsletter Chapter. Starting with the devel- included a survey form on which all opment of the Bibliographic Instruc- Therese Zoski (Southern Chapter members who had opinions tion Committee (which has now become Illinois University-Edwardsville), were invited to offer them. the Public Services Committee), the chair of the Local Arrangements Forty-two survey forms were number of committees has expanded. Committee, and Linda Fidler (Univer- returned. One return proposed Our meeting time has been similarly sity of Wisconsin-Madison), chair of Leaving the title as it has stood, expanded to accomdate the work of the Program Committee, are hard at "Newsletter," while the other forty- these committees. While it may be work planning what promises to be an one contained votes for and against difficult to participate on a corn- exciting and informative meeting. A the proposed titles and a few ad- mittee in the national MLA, members session on the business of music ditional suggestions. Three names do have an opportunity to be invol- Libraries is in the planning, as had an overwhelming number of sup- ved at the Chapter level--both in well as one an music in St. Louis. porting votes, but they also had the the development of publications and A session in which Chapter members most opposed votes. The Executive in presentation of sessions at our will present their current research Board of the Chapter met in Balti- Chapter meetings. ALL of this is- is also proposed. The Local more during the MLA Annual Meeting oraves our Chaoter.. , whose members Arrangements Committee is working on to reach a decision. They selected can be called anything except arranging an experience that will be one of the middle-Level titles, apathetic. musically, gastronomicly, and MIDWEST NOTE-=. Irecently was asked about comfortably pleasant. The title seems more than the possibility of starting a new Linda Fidler has stated appropriate for the purpose. A committee in the Midwest Chapter. that she has several gcad proposals "notebook" is a place in which one If anyone has a burning interest in for papers to be presented during keeps important information, news, an area that is not presently the current research session, but and reports. "Notes' represent covered by a committee, I suggest would welcome more. Some confusion music, whether in the live, recor- that she or he chat with me about with her emil system makes this ded, or printed forms, and "book" it. The next step is to determine, means of communication less than could be considered the generic term by talking with your Chapter col- optiml; she suggests that YOU write for all sorts of printed infor- leagues, whether other Chapter mem- to her directly at: 7602 Radcliffe mation, including books themselves, bers have a similar interest. Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53719. journals, catalogs, newspapers, and, Finally, those interested in forming Mark the dates on your even, by a little stretch af the a new committee should write a pro- calender: 29-31 October--and "Meet imaginzation, information in com- posal to the Executive Board, and we Us in St. Louis!" puters. A scanning of the "Con- will officially consider it. If tents" of this issue will indicate approved, a charge will be written coNTE?iTs the degree to which we have at- and members appointed. tempted to Live up to our new name. The Executive Board is pre- NEWSLETTER HAS A NAME--FINALLY With the subtitle, "Newsletter of sently considering how to handle FROM THF CHBlP the Midwest Chapter of the Music terms of office for committee Library Association," I think the members and chairs. Last year, the new name is just abut perfect. I committee chairs formed a "Committee join the Executive Board in hoping on Committees" that attempted to that you agree. As always, I address this setter, and Iplan to welcome your comments, suggestions, act an this question during my term MUSIC IN KANSAS CITY BEFORE THE and criticisms. of office. This year Ihave CIVIL WAR / T. ALBRECHT 3 -- Richard E. Jones, editor appointed each committee chair and RAGS TO BE-BOP / C. HADDIX 6 each committee member for a two-year RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PRINTED MUSIC term that will end in Fall of 1993. IN THE LIBRARY OF JOAN IV / When the new chairs take office, she C. ELLIKER 9 or he will be able to work with the MIDWEST CHAPTER ADMINISTRATIVE Chapter Chair in selecting new mem- STRUCTURE AND COMMITTEES 12 bers for agreed on terms. Ifeel that there needs to be a definitive List of members for each committee and that it is clear to chairs, com- mittee members, and all Chapter mem- bers who is on each committee. The appointment of both committee chairs and committee members by the Chapter Midwest Note-Book, v. 1, no. 1 May 1992 page 2

CHAPTER MEMBERS IN THE NEUS (worcester: American Antiquarian appointed editor of MLA's premiere Society, 1990). Messrs. Britton and publication, NOTES. Of special AUARDS: MU'S SPECIAL ACHIEVEMENT Crawford are members of the School importance in making the selection AWARD GIVEN TO RALPH PAPAKHIAN of Music faculty at the University from a wide field of candidates was of Michigan. Mr. Lowens, who died Dan's extensive experience in music At the MLA Annual Meeting in 1983, held many important Librarianship, music scholarship, in Baltimore, Don L. Roberts an- positions in music Librarianship, and music performance. nounced the awarding of the first education, scholarship, and Dan holds the Bachelor of Special Achievement Award to Ralph criticism, including Dean and Music degree in Organ Performance Papakhian. The purpose of this new Associate Director of the Peabodv and the Master of Arts degree in award is to recognize members of the Institute of the Johns Hopkins Library Science from the University Music Library Association who have University. of Wisconsin--Madison, the Master of made a special contribution to the The 1992 Eva Judd O'Meara Arts and the Doctor of Philosophy Association and to the profession Award has been awarded to Garrett degrees in Musicology from the Uni- through very specific activities. Bowles for his article "Music versity of Minnesota. He has been Ralph, a music librarian in Notation Software for the IBM-PC" Conservatory Librarian at Oberlin the Music Library at Indiana that appeared in NOTES 43, no. 6 College since 1987 and was Music University, will complete his term (March 1990): 660-79. Mr. Boules is Librarian at Pennsylvania State as Executive Secretary of MLA in Head of the Music Library at the University from 1983 to 1987. He April 1992. He has served the University of California, San Diego. has held various positions in MLA Association in many capacities, The recipients of the 1992 (including being the current chair- including member of the Board of Richard S. Hill Award are Jean K. person of the Resource Sharing and Directors, Fiscal Officer, Invest- Wolf and Eugene K. Wolf for their Collection Development Committee) ment Committee, and Bibliographic article "Rastrology and Its Use in and is also a member of the American Control Committee. He is also co- Eighteenth-Century Manuscript Musicological Society, the College owner and -founder of NUI-L. Studies," which appeared in Studies Music Society, the Association of In his letter to Ralph, Don in Musical Sources and Style: Essays Lutheran Church Musicians, and the stated: "On behalf of the Music in Honor or Jan LaRue, edited by American Guild of Organists. Dan's Library Association Bwrd of Eugene K. Wolf and Edward H. Roesner appointment is effective with the Directors, it is a great pleasure to (Madison: A-R Editions, 19901, pp. September 1992 issue of NOTES announce that you are the first 237-91. The Wolfs are members of At the same time, Michael recipient of the Special Achievement the Department of Music faculty of J. Rogan (Brandeis University) was Award. This award recognizes and the University of Pennsylvania. appointed editor of the MLA News- commemorates your countless efforts The Midwest Chapter joins letter. The Midwest Chapter of MLA . to bring the Association into the all of MLA in congratulating Ralph is delighted to congratulare~ electronic age of communications. and and the other award winners an6 --Ri&a'rti, Dan;-and Michael and to- Perhaps your most significant in thanking them for their contri- wish then great success and fun in contribution was the co-founding of butions to the profession and MLA. their new assignments. MLA-L. As a parent of MLA-L, you should be proud of the way it has APWINTMENTS: RICHARD GRISCOll NMED ELECTIONS: Bml CHRISTENSEN ELECTED grown and developed into a major EXECUTIVE SECRETARY OF Mu\ TO HU BOARD OF DIRECTORS conduit for the international DANIEL ZAGER NAMED EDITOR exchange of information and ideas. In an election that Another way you helped At the MLA Annual Meeting utilized a new election procedure bring the Music Library Association of MLA, Richard Griscom was appoin- and resulted in one of the highest into the electronic age was in ted Executive Secretary of the voting proportions in MIA's history, creating the Listserv for the Board Association. Of special importance a Vice-President, Recording Secre- of Directors. This has provided a in Mr. Griscom's selection is his tary, and three new members of the convenient, efficient, and effective extensive experience with the Board of Directors were elected. communication mechanism for Board Association and with establishment Michael Ochs (Harvard University) Members. You also provide MLA-L and management of MLA-L, the music was elected Vice-PresidentIPresiden- subscribers with messages and files Librarianship discussionlist email Elect of MLA, and Nancy Bren Nuzzo obtained from sources not readily service. (State University of New York at available to music librarians. By Richard holds degrees from Buffalo) was reelected Recording doing this you have broadened our the University of Tennessee and Secretary. The three new Board knowledge and perspectives." Indiana University. Since 1988, he members are Victor Cardell (Uni- Congratulations Ralph! has been head of the Dwight Anderson versity of California, Los Angeles), Thank you for your conscientious Music Library at the University of Beth Christensen (St. Olaf College), efforts to enhance our profession by Louisville. Prior to assuming that and Carol Tatian (Brown University). keeoina. - us in touch with develoo- position, he wheld a number of Beth Christensen, the only ments in electronic communicatibns positions at Northwestern University new member from the Midwest Chapter, technology." and was a consultant to NOTIS is Music Librarian and Acting Pamela Bowden Dahlhauser Systems, Inc., announcer for WUOT-FM Library Director at St. Olaf. She (Public Services Librarian at the (Knoxville, Tennessee), and percus- received her Bachelor of Music Albuquerque Public Library) has been sionist (principal from 1977-78) degree from Illinois State Univer- awarded the 1992 MLA Walter Gerboth with the Knoxville Symphony sity, the Master of Science in Award. The Gerboth Award is an Orchestra. He has served MLA as a Library Science from the University annual prize awarded to music member of the Board of Directors, of Illinois, and the Master of Arts Librarians in the first five years Fiscal Officer, MLA Representative in Musicology from the University of of their career who are engaged in to MARBI, and as a member of various Minnesota. Beth was chair of the research likely to Lead to committees and working groups. He Program Committee far the 1992 MU publication. is also a member of the NOTIS Music Annual Meeting and has served as the The winners of the 1992 Users Group, the American Recorder Hidwest Chapter of MLA as Chapter Vincent H. Duckles Award are Allen Society, the American Library Chair and as member and Chair of the Perdue Britton, Irving Lowens, and Association, and the University of Bibliographic Instruction (and Later Richard Crawford for their book, Louisville Collegium, and founder Public Services) Committee and American Sacred Music Imprints, and director of the Library Chorale. several Program Committees. 1698-1810:- A Biblioqraphy Daniel Zager has been .uraJanuJnl Jalerzos aqa qlrn pa6~aw saruedwoa 6ur~noaq?ns WOJ&sarsbn -2apun LlaeaJ6 saq 'asea) ise3 aneq oa pres sr erpJo3uoj aqa--lle~ anra3aJ oa paweas unoa aqa--.~arl~ea aqa uo paaeJaua3uo3 seq qion asoqn s,6uo1 ae 6ulaaaw u~e6esen Xlqeqo~dpue--958~ 6uk~na -0581 sJeioqss Jaqlo Xuew aykl 'Joqlne aqa uaqn alora e aa--den ~LALJ Xq dadoJd ,4113 sesug oa aq6no~q srqa anariaq I 'aJnaln3 ueapamv jo aqa Jaajv -sdaakyjo ?K@iaqa uaaq peq ouetd auo %seal 7v puedq iE5 draqa paqsllqeasa 'spuno~6 $0 asoqa qlrn Xuow~equr lou aJan -9mt se Xldea -weq leuorleu 40 Lar3lld!almu sfiurueal le3rarlod asoqn s~a6urs se Jania LdnossLw aqa uo aallrys pue e qlln '0s pue ,,aan))p,, ol ,,a~nalna 40 dn apem uaaq aneq llan Xew alppi4 40 sdaXeld pake~l~odmeqfiula ue3~~awv-ol6uv40 weaJasu!ew 11 .papun04 sen (Xaapos 6urfiu!s qalej a6doag asra~y 'sdeaX XlJea leuorlrpeda,, ou sen a~aqaleqa pun04 erpdo3uoj) erpdo3uoj ura~an~uesag Jql UL SJJpEdl Jn4 Jql Xq paJosuods oqn s%ue~fi!rn~~rueado~n3 Xq Xllerarui aqa 'sndoq3 alew Jaqaoue 'sogg~ sa3uep JOJ 3pnw paprnoJd oqn sas~ palalas adan asan aqa 40 seade aqa 40 fiuruut6aq aqa av -UllOrA aJaM pJeA!g qdasor pup dalad asen ,,sls~ue~~dasy,,Xueu os Xq ,,'a~nalnaueapawv 'afien6uel qguadj aya ur Xluiea~a3 paaeada Ll~oodos sl xsan aqa Lqn 0% -0l6uv paan1 rp,, X~naua3 qauaaaq6~a lsomle pue ~028~aqa Xq A113 sesuex se Lay aql papLnodd dl6u~aarnunseq aqa ur Xpea~lepeq oqn suew~ag MOU Sl leqM Ulqllfi pJear( Llqeqo~d 'uaql 'Joqlne Jno sdeq~ad asoqa 40 auo sen '1 ra4d dl1 rqd sen 3rsnw 'a3uapuadapuI jo airs aqa ,,'adnllnl '~asodW03Sll q6noqa UaAa--001 uo~4de4 aou pue Xarj sesuex 10 $sea ue3ldauv-o>6uw, ..., lo weaJlsurew 11 Buns aneq Xla~nsasnw snJ.oq3 aqa salp Lluafia 'afieso a~ojoa auerd e ieuota~pedaaqa pami rp,, 'SOE~Laqa uaqa ,,'erqwnio) 'irw,, paXeid pueq aq6no~qXalqlS a6doag JoaeJasjuype ui 6up~eas'sueadoJn3 udaasea pue ssedq unoa aqa 'aas ileqs an se '41 leauauu~ano640 akrn aqa uaqn 0281 'sue!lelI 'suekneuipue3~ 'suemiag .daqaM pue 'adezow 'uqosslapuaw Xq xnoqe se XlJea se ulfiaq--?rpe~ods 40 uorae~6~ernraqa aeqa Jauuew 6u~6e 3rsnw ]]an se papnlaur Llurea~a3anq JO Jeal3un noq dalaern ou--ea~e -~edsrpleqnaluos e ul slJasse daql --~aqalls q3~dpar~dpue 'Japrauqas a47 ur ~!snuoa sa3uaJabaa -~n+doqane awes aqL 'poyad srql q3LJpalJd '01x0 snklnr 'Jazanadx S3IlIAI13~lV3ISnW 6urdnp 'Xes 'se asea de, se UlpeJUoj 'lqv ZUedj Lq SqJOM pJeaq uaaq aneq osle plnol siuarmo3 --Xep aql 40 aJnaeJaar1 le~cq3ales 'saueliqequr Jelrwks 1eq1 madsns I q6noqale pJepueas aqa UOJ+ uneJp uaaq aneq 000't Jane 40 daaua? apeJl fiu~ilsnq --asan ue9ria.v aqa ur ida>xa asnw aJ&olJadaJ Jlaq1 '~eaXdad e sen La13 sesuex '.raze, sJea.4 uanas aJaqnKue apem uaaq aneq aou pin03 samra uazop 4leq e %seal ae L13klqnd ,;sesuex 40 Xarj,, aweu aqa Japun yewad e q3ns aeql sr uorae3rld 6ues Xlqeqo~dpue yaan q3ea sfiu!uana £58~LJen~qaj 21 uo aue3 uoraedod -mr a41 n, i3rsnw Xuun4 aeqa a,ure ona pasdeaqad Xaqa aeql nouy an -J03UI .,1351\ 1.lOdl~an5e a6del 'llan, 'paqJeaaJ 'aura as-l!+ aqa JOJ 'aallno a3rn~as-Xa!unwwo3 JO lerlos se Xpaadle sen 'aldoad 008 qarn XuoqdolXs puo3as s,uanoqaaag 6urJeaq e se uoraezkue6Jo aq3 6ulpde6aJ .'6urpuei a~odasafl. 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Kansas City did not want Balmer and Weber in St. Louis and Daniel W. Banta was born in for music teachers in the years oossiblv extended to two New York Lockport, New York, in 1831, the son before the Civil War. Mary Donohue City dealer/publishers, C. Breusing of Peter Banta, a farmer who had is said to have brought the first and Thomas S. Berry. been born in New York City, although piano to Kansas City in 1850 and The Missouri Valley Room in the family seems to have been of gave lessons at the home of John C. the Kansas City Public Library pre- central European origin. Kansas McCoy, at the corner of Pearl and serves a typical nineteenth-century Citians paid little heed to the Market Streets. At Least four more bound volume of sheet music that had proper spelling of his name and pianos came during the next five belonged to Callie A. Coleman Balis, consistently listed him in city years--with one destined for the wife to John R. Balis who co-owned directories and newspapers and even rnulti-purpose stare and hall of the the establishment. She must have in the 1860 census as "Bantie." Long Brothers at Fifth and Main. It been at least a tolerable guitarist, Banta left hone as a young man and is interestiqg to note that, in pianist, and singer if she performed made his way to Michigan, where he 1894, no fewer than eight persons the contents of the volume: not only worked as a painter. After spending were credited with having brought-- does it contain songs with accom- some time in St. Louis, he eventu- before 1855--the first piano to paniments, but also solos for both I ally arrived in Kansas City in 1858. Kansas City. In any case, it ap- guitar and piano--some with finger- He began a trade with the Indians pears Likely that the arrival of the ings pencilled in. The farty-eight across the Kansas border and, first piam predated the incorpar- selections range in publication date because he played many brass and ation of the city itself. from 1843 to 1869 and include the string instruments--including the J. H. Luther's Seminary for Scots folksong "Annie Laurie," the violin--he organized the Kansas City Young Ladies, established in 1857, French "Blue Eyes" by Arnaud and "La Band (also known as "Bantie's Band") advertised two years Later that it. Marseillaise," the German-American soon after his arrival. Among the had an experienced teacher for its "Go, Pretty Flower, with Eyes of seven members was Adam Long, who Department of Music. In 1860, the Blue" by C. Carl Haas, and the offered the basement of the family Kansas City Female Seminary's Italian "Ah, che La morte" and store and meeting hall for the teacher of piano and melodeon was "Miserere" from IL trovatore by ensemble's rehearsals. This, we none other than Eliza Thomas Verdi. There are also a predictable recall, was the same Location where Bingham, wife of the celebrated number of mid-century American sen- the Orpheus Mannerchor met. artist George Caleb Bingham. timental songs, represented by Alice Banta's band participated Most of the music teachers Hawthorne's "The Golden Moon" and in the town's first Fourth of July in the years just before the Civil Stephen Foster's "Linger in Blissful celebration, held in 1858 and at- War, including Miss Catherine G. Repose. " tended by 3,000 people. His wife Brown and Mr. Robert Owen, did no Kansas City's oldest and was among the eight Ladies who specify in the City Directory just largest music store before the Civil solicited donations for the fest- what they taught, but, from October War, however, was Robert T. Hick's ival. The band soon became popular through December of 1860, Miss Sarah Piano Forte and Music Room, Located for charity and benefit balls,

A. Finch advertised in the newspaper two blocks south of Balis and Hicks ~ ------parades, all manner of social that she was forming a class of on Main Street--opposite the Court occasions, and even relatively guitar students. A singer and vio- House. In the 1859 City Directory, formal concerts, maintaining its linist, C. M. Root, taught music and Wilson advertised pianos with ranges appeal over the years--not only in conducted the choir at the Presby- of six and a half, six and seven- Kansas City, but also in nearby terian Church. Lewis showmeyer and eights, seven, and eight octaves, as Westport. Secession was in the air David Berger were also Listed in well as melodeons, guitars, and in February of 1861 when, in mid- conternparary sources as "musicians," violins--all shipped directly from month, the Daily Journal of Commerce and they must have derived much of New Yark and offered to Kansas added the Stars and Stripes to its their income from teaching. The Citians for Less than St. Louis masthead. On I8 February, Banta's finest teacher in town--through prices. He also stocked a wide -Band played in front of the 1859--was said to have been one variety of accessories for the above newspaper's office, rendering such "Mrs. Levy," possibly the wife of instruments, including piano stools, patriotic numbers as "Hail, grocer Peter Levi, whose name is Italian strings, bows, bridges, Columbia," "Yankee Doodle," and "The Listed in the 1859--but not in the patent pegs, instruction books, and star-Spangled Banner" for the 1860--City Directory. In total, a large supply of selected sheet enthusiastic throng that gathered. Kansas City must have had at Least music. Wilson's business must have Banta's repertory was not seven music teachers active in 1860; been fairly prosperous because Miss limited to American patriotic music. that number would double to fourteen Catherine G. Brown made much of her Mrs. Cyprian Chouteau recalled a Listed in the 1867 City Directory. Living by teaching various instru- ball held by the French residents of Certainly a great deal of ments at his studios. Kansas City just prior to the Civi 1 printed music and a variety of Music as a whole was War. The revelers were eagerly musical instruments were available thriving in Kansas City. If (heaven consuming cakes, creams, and wines, to those teachers, students, and forbid) music had died before the when the musicians suddenly struck other musicians who desired them. Civil War, its grave would have been up "La Marseillaise." Everyone Two st. Louis firms--W. M. Harlow's well marked--because R. T. Wilson, a stopped chatting and sang along, Fashionable Furniture and Piano shrewd businessman who did not place with tears of emotion running down Rooms, and Balmer and Weber, pub- all his eggs in one basket, also their faces. Indeed, Banta must lishers of music and dealers in operated a marble yard that sold have been an ardent Lover of Italian instruments--advertised prominently tombstones! It is perhaps unfor- music as well, for he named his son, in the first Kansas City Directory tunate that Wilson did not offer a Verdi, after the composer whose in 1859. By the fall of 1860, Balis modern "pre-need" plan, or he could music, as noted above, was otherwise and Hicks had an establishment on have sold a stone to Daniel W. not unknown in Kansas City. Main Street, between second end Banta, Kansas City's first band On 27 February 1981, Banta Third Streets, and sold stationary, director, whose 1905 grave is still and his band drove through the "Yankee notions," fire insurance, without a marker in Forest Hill streets of the town in their new musical instruments, and printed Cemetery. "music wagon,'' which had been built music. Their suppliers--as nearly Banta's Kansas City Band to their specifications. The press as can be determined from the was doubtless Kansas City's most took ample opportunity to praise the imprints of and markings on the successful and popular instrumental band and the role it played in the music they sold--surely included ensemble prior to the Civil War. community and to promote a concert Midwest Note-Book, v. 1, no. 1 May 1992 page 5

at Long's Hall that coming Friday but equally uncertain, environment. faded--their obituaries frequently evening, 1 March. The proceeds were A trend around the turn of revealed biographical and cultural designed to assist the band to pay the century to produce giant, fact- information difficult, if not im- for their new wagon. stuffed local histories, with exten- possible, to retrieve anywhere else. I sive biographical appendices, found Birth and death records in caurt- THE CIVIL WAR AND BEYOND outlet in Kansas City in an "anany- houses and city halls are of Banta's prosperity and mous" Gersan-Language Kansas City enormous help. Many churches Kansas City's were soon cut short by und sein Deutschtum in 19. Jahr- (especially the more traditional the Civil War. The town became an hundert (1900) and in Carrie denominations) still preserve early armed camp as conflict raged between Westlake Whitney's Kansas City, records of births, baptisms, Union and Confederate elements on Missouri: Its History and Its weddings, deaths, and other the Missouri-Kansas border. Banta People, 1808-1908 (3 vols., 1908). sacraments. An astonishing amount l and his band enlisted as a body in Among primary materials, of information can be gleaned by the Union Army and, for four years, early newspapers (both in their news walking through a city's nineteenth- served as part of an Illinois regi- stories and in their advertisement) century cemeteries; don't forget to ment. At the front, Banta was are valuable for facts and check with the office personnel if wounded in the head, but recovered attitudes. The solid but provincial you are Looking for specific from his injuries and held the rank Kansas City Journal of Commerce information (they can be most of major by War's end. In began publication on 15 June 1858 helpful). Early city maps, September, 1865, Banta--together and continued through this period., especially pictorial or aerial with his family who had been living Of potentially more interest would representations, can provide in Lafayette, Indiana, during the have been the Gerrnan-Language accurate detail and place you, the conflict--returned to Kansas City. Missouri Post, begun by August Wuerz researcher, "right in the picture." With the arrival of the railroad in on 1 January 1859. Often edited by Likewise do no neglect pictorial Kansas City, the town grew at an intellectual "48-ers,' German files in Local historical societies, unprecedented rate, and "Bantie's journals were much more diligent, museums, and public Libraries. Band," which now numbered ten detailed, accurate, and ap- Local genealogical societies may players, became more popular than preciative in reporting cultural also be of assistance. Various ever. events than were their English- societies and museums often have Music's development had Language counterparts. The Post's small, limited-access Libraries that been retarded during the War, but files, however, have been lost or are well worth the researcher's time took flight in the Late sixties. By destroyed. (Many German newspaper to "poke around in." 1867, Banta had also founded the runs survived for decades in the The Kansas City Public Kansas City Striog Band, an offices of their successors--only to Library has a Missouri Valley Room orchestra which surely played Light be destroyed in response to anti- with a staff who can be most helpful concert music in addition to the new German sentiment during World War once they get to know a researcher dances and songs demanded by social I.) In the case of several and hislher subject interests. For occasions. The orchestra, which newspapers, whatever the Language, this study, they provided many of rehearsed in the newly built Turner all that survives are sporadic the primary materials listed above-- Hall, soon came under the direction issues, clippings (often incom- plus the Callie Balis volume of of German-born Phillip Johns and pletely identified), or quotes in bound music, a three-page holograph developed a more serious repertoire. Later stories. If used with judge- entitled "Music in Kansas City" by The year 1867 also witnessed the ment, these, too, however, can prove Henry E. Schultze (1908), and the founding of the Philharmonic valuable--even if their full context scrapbooks of the Native Sons Society, an ambitious chorus with is Lacking. Archive. Not all college and uni- attorney Henry A. White as music ?he first Kansas City versity Libraries have attempted to director. The German element Direc- tory appeared in 1859 and collect Local and regional founded the Liederkreis mixed chorus continued as an annual series (with materials, but, when they have (as in 1868; its conductor was thirty- a few breaks) thereafter through the in the case of the University of four-year old Carl E. Kollmnn, who pre- sent day. These volumes and Missouri-Kansas City and witnessed had been a member of Banta's band their counterparts all over the by the fascinating presentations by and the Orpheus Mannerchor before United States contain names, Peter Munstedt and Chuck Haddix at the War. addresses, and occupations of the our Midwest Chapter meeting), the By 1870, when the Coates heads of families and sometimes results can be extraordinary. Opera House opened, attracting a other employed members of the Among my own works that flood of touring musical theatrical, family. More important perhaps have used these techniques are: and variety companies as they (even if the coverage is incon- "Julius Weiss: Scott Joplin's First traversed the continent, Kansas City sistent) is information about Piano Teacher," College Music already had its own musical estab- churches and other social and cul- Symposium 19 (fall 1979): 89-105; lishment, including two bands, a tural institutions: Location, date "101 Years of Symphonic Music in San string orchestra, and several of founding, meeting times, Antonio." Southwestern community choruses--a proud officers, membership, and so on. MusicianlTexas Music Educator 43 accomplishment for a city only Business Listings are also chock- (March 1975): 18-19, and (November seventeen years old! full of information that, when com- 1975): 22-23; and "The Music bined with other details and fol- Libraries of the German Singing BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE lowed over a course of years, create Societies in Texas, 1850-1855," "A Investigation into the a colorful portrait of a city. Notes 31 (March 1975): 517-29. In musical history of frontier towns is Milestones in the lives of addieion, my students have surveyed apt to require more the tools of the inhabitants may be traced in (micro- the Kansas City Star's files from local historian and genealogist than filmed) U.S. Census Lists from 1850, its first decade and compiled an those of the analysis-laden musicol- 1860, 1870, and beyond. Each indexed chronology of Music and the ogist of most recent vintage. While decade's forms asked different Arts in Kansas City, 1880-1890 these materials will never produce a questions and much can be gleaned (1982, ca. 150 pages), copies of Schenkerian reduction of "Old Folks from the information not only about which are on deposit in a dozen area at Home," they will, nonetheless, an individual, but also about the libraries thanks to a grant from the yield a serviceable--somet~mes even environment in which he was Living. Kansas City Regional Council for vibrant--picture of vigorous When pioneers passed away--often Higher Education. There is James cultural development in a healthy, years after their importance had Milford Crabb's fine dissertation, Midwest Note-Book, v. 1, -no..I May 1992

I ''A History of Music in Kansas City, chose 123 of the 173 patrolmen ap- and Paseo, the Panama, Lucille s 1900-1965'' (D.M.A. dissertation, pointed to the Kansas City police and 01' Kentucky-- BBQ (the Las: r- University of Missouri-Kansas City, department. He also appointed his which is now known as Gates 833 1967). which carries the thread to brother Tom street commissioner. He Andy Kirk held court at the -VL more recent times. expanded the party's patronage sys- -Fair. On the county strip, 1- --!- [NOTE: The sample author tem and created jobs for his is now Wornall, there was cited at the beginning of the cronies. Mavfair, owned by a ex-policerrs- article, who has difficulty compre- There were two factions in named Tootie Clarkin. In addir'r hending the multi-national musical the Democratic Party. The Goats, there were a number of ballrw-: activity on the American frontier, headed by Jim and Later Tom including the million-dollar is H. Wiley Hitchcock, in his Music Pendergast, were named after the ballroom, the on Main, ---:- in the United States: A Historical goats that were kept by the families could hold 3,000 dancers on its Introduction, 2d ed. (Englewood Living on the West bluffs. The spring-loaded dance floor. Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974), Rabbits, led by Joe Shannon, were Downtown, between Cherr? pp. 53-54, 86.1 named after the rabbits that Lived and Locust on 12th Street, there -z- near the OK Creek that ran through the Reno Club, the "Queen of KC the southeast section of the city clubs," which was owned by Papa S?- RA6S TO BE-BOP : THE SOUNDS OF where Shannon's supporters Lived. Epstein. The Reno would admit bz- KANSAS CITY, 189W1945 The two factions fought each other races, but had a divided dance f:zc- Chuck Haddix, Saud Archivist, for votes, but, when they were and bar. There was prostitution University of Hisuuri-Ka- City threatened by Republicans, refor- upstairs and a balcony above the mers, and William Rockhill Nelson bandstand that was Charlie Parker E [Note: A further extension of this and his Kansas City Star, the Goats favorite roost. He could sit in :-? topic can be found in the author's and the Rabbits formed an uneasy balcony--where the marijuana smoke "18th and Vine: street of Dreams," alliance. was heavy from the band downstairs- Artloaue 13, no. 1 (Jan.-Feb Jim died in 1911. A statue and listen to his idol, Lester 1992).--Ed.] of him, which was paid for by Young, blowing with the Count Bas's popular subscription in 1913, still Band. An alley in the back was t'e INTRODUCTION stands in Mulkey Park overlooking place where musicians and prosti- The story of the birth of his beloved West Bottoms. Ton as- tutes would gather. A Lunchwagon jazz is similar to the theory of the sumed the helm of the Demcratic would come around that sold "brairr cradle of civilization. Civilization machine and dominated both Kansas sandwiches and short thighs." did not develop only in the Nile City and Missouri politics until he The EL Torrean at 31st ano valley; it also developed at the was indicted on federal income tax Broadway opened in 1928 and sporte same time in the Yellow River and charges in 1939. Harry Truman was a a Spanish mission motif. Coon- Tigris-Euphrates River valleys. protege of Pendergast. He was Sanders Original Nighthawk Similarly, jazz developed simul- appointed judge and then elected to Orchestra, Phil Baxter and his Tere- taneously in New Orleans, New York, the Senate. Tommies. and Bennie Moten's Kansas Memphis, Chicago, and here in Kansas Under the control of the City Orchestra frequently played tL* City. Pendergast machine, Kansas City was El Torrean. Present-day Kansas City is an unrestrained town. Even during Pas, Hall, at 15th and known as a Liveable place. Between prohibition, it was business as Paseo, was the scene of many 1890 and 1945, however, Kansas City usual; many of the clubs never "battles of the bands," as was was a uide-open, prosperous, swing- closed. Gambling, bootlegging, Roseland, an Troost. During the ing town. Syndicated columnist prostitution, and narcotics were summer, crowds of dancers flocked rr Westbrook Pegler advised the readers Lucrative businesses. Garnblino the outdoor pav~ll~onsat Fairylar: of his column: "If you want to see generated $100 million and narcotics Park and Wlnwood Beach to dance ?c sin, forget Paris; go to Kansas 11 million per year. A Prince the rnus7c of Harlan Leonard and H-s City." This 'Paris of the Plains" Albert can of reefer went for $3-5. Kansas c~tyRockets, Andy Kirk, a-= was the commercial and entertainment A shot of whiskey was a dime and a Jay Ncshann's blg band. center for points north, west, and beer chaser a nickel. south. It was in this permissive THE ROOTS OF KANSAS CITY JAZZ At the turn of the century, atmosphere that Kansas City jazz The roots of the Kansas Kansas City tolerated 600 saloons flourished. Mary Lou Williams city jazz style can be found in t-= and 147 houses of prostitution. The recalled fifty clubs featuring live types of nusic that were equally good times and apparent prosperity music in a six-block area between popular between the late 1800s arc were made possible by political boss 12th and 18th Streets. The Panama the early 1920s--band music and Tom Pendergast and his brother Jim Club at 18th and Forest featured ragtime. who dominated Kansas City politics Bennie Moten. The Twin Cities Club Band music was dominated 3. from 1892 to 1940. The Pendergast sat astride the State Line: when the John Phillip Sousa. The former political dynasty began in the Late police from one state would raid the director of the Marine Corps Band, 1800s when Jim hit it big on the club, patrons would simply run to Sousa Led a one hundred piece bar.: ponies. He bought a rooming house the other side. that toured the world. His and saloon in the West Bottoms and The Sunset Club at 18th and compositions like EL Capitan and 2 named it after the horse that Highland, managed by Piney Brown, Stars and Stripes Forever are st'.. brought him his wealth--Climax. had a two-piece band--Pete Johnson favored by marching bands. Jim was known as the "King and Baby Lovett--and a singing bar- Arthur Pryor, a protege cL of the First" because of his tender named Joe Turner. It was the Sousa, was born in St. Joseph, popularity in the "bloody first sight of more jam sessions than any Missouri. As a boy he Listened ?: ward," which was located in the West other club. The Sunset had an out- "raggy' pre-ragtime piano players. Bottoms. Jim was the working man's door public address system; Joe While still a young man, Pryur was 5 friend: his saloon would cash pay- Turner, however, didn't really need star with and assistant conductor :- roll checks, and no one in his ward it because he was such a strong the Sousa Band. He was well knoi- went hungry. In return he received vocalist. for his flashy trombone style and votes from his constituents. Jim was The Subway Club was at 18th composing abilities. His band, elected alderman in 1892 and re- and Vine; near 12th and Paseo were which was more popular than Sousa s elected in 1894 and 1896. When the Boulevard Lounge, Cherry in the midwest, had a much mre James A. Reed was elected mayor, Jim w, and the -; at 18th diversified repertoire that incluc- \lidwest Note-Book, v. 1, no. 1 May 1992 pa~e7 I cakewalks, ragtime, and other popu- Devils used a modern rhythm section Rockets, who recorded on the Victor I tar music of the day. He frequently that featured the strong bass work Label, was one of Kansas City's I played at Electric Park, an Edison of Walter Page together with piano favorite groups.) i wonderland that was Located near and drums. Vocalist Jimmy Rushing, When Moten hired Ben what is now 47th and Paseo. known as "Mister Five by Five," Webster and Eddie Barefield in 1932 A reporter who was covering contributed strong vocals in a the modern- ization of the band was the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, popular blues style. They were complete. Moten recorded Mofen's described a "new" syncopated piano musical combatants and victors in swing that same year. This was the music as "ragtime;" the name stuck. many battles of the bands, and they one of the first recordings to use a The most famous ragtime composer and frequently battled one of Kansas riff, which was the basis of Kansas 1 performer--and the man who more than City's top bands, Bennie Moten's City jazz. (A "riff" is a melodic any other shaped it's course--was, Kansas City Orchestra. idea usually contained in the first of course, Scott Joplin. Joplin two bars that is stated in forceful worked and composed in Sedalia, BENNIE MOTEN rhythmic terns, repeated in the Chicago, St. Louis, and New York. Bennie Moten, with the help second eight-bar section, and In 1899, his OriqinaL Raqs was of the Blue Devils whbm he recruited concluded with a return to the published by Carl Hoffman of Kansas in the Late twenties, established original idea.) I City. and defined Kansas City jazz style. The Last three years of the Kansas City was home to Moten was born in Kansas City in Moten Band were not well documented many other ragtime composers and 1894. At the age of 12 he played because the depression devastated performers, including Euday Bowman, baritone horn in Lacy Backburn's the entertainment industry. U.S. Charles L. Johnson, and James Scott. Juvenile Band. Shortly after World record sales declined from an all- Euday Bowman immortalized 12th War I, Moten formed the 8.0. and D time high of 104 million in 1927 to Street with his composition Trio. The "first edition" of the an all-time low of 6 million in m, which was published by Jenkins Moten Band, formed a Little Later, 1932. Sales of Victor phonographs Music Co. in 1914. Charles L. was a five-piece unit. In September dropped from 987,000 units to 40,000 Johnson, a white ragtime composer, of 1923, the Hoten Band accompanied over the same period. Dancehalls was born in Kansas City in 1877. He Ada Brown on what is considered the and clubs across the country closed. began publishing in 1899 and first recording of Kansas City Jazz, Because of the Pendergast-generated composed hundreds of popular songs, Evil Mama Blues. Shortly after prosperity, however, many musicians ballads, and waltzes throughout his this, Moten began his recording came to Kansas City. Moten died in lona career. His biaaest sellers career as a band Leader: durina- his 1935. and. out of the ashes of the wer; Sweet and Low an2 Dill Pickles. recording career he recorded over ~otenBand, the Count Basie Band Until his death in 1950, he 110 sides. rose. maintained an office in Kansas City Maten's first recording at 806 Grand. contract was for the race Label GEORGE E. LEE James Scott was born in Okeh. (Race Labels were record The George E. Lee Novelty Neosho, Missouri, in 1886 and moved Labels by and for the black race. Singing Orchestra was one of the to Kansas City in 1914. A serious Others included Black Swan, most popular bands in Kansas City man who was short in stature, he was Vocalian, and Paramount. The from 1916 to 1933. George E. Lee called the "Little Professor." Depression drove the race Labels out was born in Booneville, Missouri, on Scott was the music director of the of business.) Moten began recording 28 April 1896. His family moved to Eblon, Lincoln, and Panama Theatres. far Victor in 1926. One of Moten's Kansas City when he was a child. In 1921. he com~osedthe ~ro~hetic strong points was that he was a good His father played violin and led a Don't JLZMe Raq (I'm Misic\: jazz businessman. string trio; his sister, Julia, had eclipsed ragtime in popularity. The band, by this time, had played piano. James Scott died in Kansas City, expanded to eleven pieces, including Lee began his musical Kansas, in 1938 Moten who was featured on piano and career in 1917 while he was in the Territorial bands were directed the band and a young reed army. In 1918, he formed a trio another major influence on the player named Harlan Leonard. He with his sister and worked primarily evolution of Kansas City jazz. They had been raised in Kansas City and at the Novelty Club and Lyric Hall, were called territorial bands attended Lincoln Academy, which had at 1739 Lydia. The George E. Lee because they played a circuit exten- an outstanding music program. Novelty Singing Orchestra made their ding south to the Mexican border, (There is a common rnyth that Kansas first recordings for the Merrit north to Canada, and as far west as City musicians were not well Label in 1927. (Merrit Recordings Denver. Many of the greatest schooled in music. Bandmaster N. was owned by the Winston Holmes territorial bands were based in Clark Smith trained many of Kan- sas Music Company which was Located at Texas and Oklahoma, such as those of City's finest players, including 1704 E. 18th Street.) In 1929, the Troy Floyd, Jesse Stone, Terence Walter Page. Study included four band recorded six sides for Holder, and Milton Larkin. hours of music theory and four hours Brunswick. Their strong vocals and The most infamous of practice.) showmanship gave the Novelty Singing :erritorial band and the one that When Moten's band was Orchestra the edge over Moten's band z~ntributedthe most to the bested by the Blue Devils in a during the twenties, but the Moten Ievelopment of Kansas City jazz was battle of the bands, Moten began and Lee bands merged temporarily in :he Blue Devils. The Blue Devils hiring members of the Blue Devils. 1933-34. ?and was formed in 1925 in Oklahoma Basie joined in 1929; Walter Page, In 1934, Julia split with :/ bassist Walter Page. Walter Led Jimmy Rushing, "Hot Lips" Page, and her brother and began her solo :?e band until 1931. After Page Eddie Durham followed soon after. career. She recorded for Mercury .eft the Blue Devils, they continued Durham brought his fine trombone and Capitol Records and continued :-as the Original BLue Devils. The style and great arrangements to the playing in Kansas City until her .??ter version of the Blue Devils band. (The acquisition of the death in 1958. In 1937 George Lee ed -eluded many of the musicians who members of the Blue Devils caused a band at a resort in Eldon, .zild Later become the architects of the exodus of Long-time Moten Band Missouri, that featured a young alto :-a Kansas City sound and the members Thamon Hayes and Harlan saxophonist named Charlie Parker. -.:leus of the Count Basie Band: Leonard, who formed the first Lee retired from music in the early Izint Basie, Lester Young, Jimmy edition of the Kansas City Rockets. forties and died in San Diego in i :.sLling, "Hot Lips" Page, Eddie Hayes eventually left the group and 1958. I :.-barn, and Buster Smith. The Blue Leonard became the sole Leader. The Midwest Note-Book, v. 1, no. 1 May 1992 pape X

ANDY KIRK AND MARY LOU WILLIAMS Washington, and Claude Williams on Atlantic Label in 1955. Andy Kirk's Twelve Clouds guitar and violin. Eddie Durham ! of Joy was the first Kansas City contributed many compositions and JAY MCSHANN AND CHARLIE PARKER 2 band--after Moten's--to achieve arrangements. Jay McShann's band was one /I national recognition. Kirk was born They played a two-year of the Last great big bands to come il engagement at the Reno Club with out of Kansas City. It was a young 'I in Newport, Kentucky, in 1898. His I. family moved to Denver when he was a very feu out-of-town engagements. band, the oldest member being only child. As a youth he played alto The band played from 9:00 P.M. to twenty-six years old. They were His first profes- 5:W A.M. nightly. WXBY broadcast firmly rooted in the Kansas City I sax and piano. I sional job was with violinist George the Basie band nightly between 11:15 jump band tradition; yet they Morrison's band in which he was and midnight. Record producer John expanded that tradition with their featured on bass saxophone and tuba. Hammond heard the broadcasts and modern playing and arrangements. It Kirk joined Terrence Holder's Band came to Kansas City especially to was as a member of the Jay McShann I in Dallas, Texas, and was elected hear the band in live performance. band that the young Charlie Parker 1 Leader after Holder's departure in Hammond, together with Dave E. achieved national recognition. I 1928. Around this time, they Dexter, Jr., a Kansas City native McShann was born in established their base of operation and writer and editor for Downbeat, Ruskogee, Oklahoma. He taught him- in Kansas City. became the champions of Kansas City self piano despite his parents dis- II/ 1 Their first recordings were jazz. They used Dawnbeat and their approval. He began his professional for the Brunswick Label in Kansas contacts in the record industry to career with the AL Dennis Band, City on 7 November 1929. The Kirk help the careers of many Kansas City which was based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. band played music for dancing; vo- jazz musicians. While an a trip to Iowa to visit calist Pha Terrel was a big attrac- Basie signed a recording relatives, he stopped in Kansas tion. The Twelve Clouds of Joy's contract with Decca. The thirteen- City--and stayed. McShann played at first big national hit was Until the piece band was paid $750.00 for the Monroe Inn on Independence Real Thing Comes Along, recorded 2 twenty-four songs--with no Avenue and then led a small group April 1936. Around this time, royalties. These recordings and the that featured Charlie Parker I Kirk's band was playing an extended subsequent recordings for Columbia, ("Bird',) at Martin's on the Plaza. !I engagement at Winwood Beach, a however, made the Basie's band a Charlie Parker was born in ii summer resort north of the River. national success. Basie continued Kansas City, Kansas, on 29 August Perhaps the most important to tour and record until his death 1920. During the Late twenties component of the Kirk band was their in 1984. Charlie's parents separated, and arranger, composer, and pianist, Parker and his mother moved to Mary Lou Williams, the "Lady Who PETE JOHNSON AND JOE TURNER Kansas City, Missouri. Their house Swings the Band." Born Mary The blues and boogie woogie on Olive Street was just a short Elfrieda Scrugs in Atlanta, Georgia, were important components of the walk from Kansas City's unruly on 8 May 1910, she began playing music of Kansas City pianist, Pete entertainment district. His mother, piano as a child. In 1931, she Johnson, and of blues shouter, Joe -- Addie, worked nights; after she left became a full-time member of the Turner. Both were born in Kansas for work, Parker would begin his band, providing many compositions City: Johnson on 24 March 1904 and nightly rounds. His musical and arrangements. She also provided Turner on 18 May 1911. education began in the alleyways be- arrangements for other bands, in- Pete Johnson left school at hind the clubs where Kansas City cluding those of Benny Goodman, the age of twelve and Learned to jazz was flowering. Louis Armstrong, Earl Hines, Tommy play the drums. He had Learned to When he was thirteen, Dorsey, and Glen Gray. When she Left play the piano from his uncle, Parker expressed interest in Kirk's band in 1942, it declined Charles "Smash" Johnson. He started learning to play the saxophone. His musically and in popularity. playing piano professionally with doting mother bought him a beat-up Throughout her Long career, Clarence Love's band and Later with alto for 545. In the ninth grade, Williams was on the cutting edge of Herman Walder's Rocket Swing Unit at he joined the marching band at all new developments in the evolu- the Spinning Wheel at 12th and Lincoln High, which was under the tion of jazz. After her departure Troost. Between 1922 and 1926 he leadership of Alanzo Lewis. Bird in 1942, Kirk reorganized and ex- worked with Louis "Good Bootie" became obsessed with music and panded the band to seventeen pieces. Johnson. practiced diligently. He joined a This edition of the Band included Joe's father died in a car group that played at Lincoln Hall many modern players, such as Howard crash when Joe was fifteen years and was fronted by Laurence Keyes, McGhee and Fats Navarro on trumpets. old. At an early age he began his the Deans of Swing; they frequently Kirk gave up his band in 1948. career as a singing bartender. One earning as much as 510 to $15 of his first jobs was at the dollars a man each night. COUNT BASIE the Wall, on Independence Avenue. Parker was not very Perhaps the band that is Pete and Joe's long proficient musically at this time most closely associated with Kansas association began when they met at a but that didn't discourage him from City jazz is the Count Basie speakeasy in the north end called attempting to participate in the Orchestra. Basie first came to the Back- biters Club. Together, legendary jam sessions that occurred Kansas City on the T.O.B.A. (Theater they played an extended engagement in Kansas City during the mid- Owners Booking Association) circuit. at the Sunset Club. The club's thirties. In the spring of 1936, he After a stint with the Blue Devils, manager, Piney Brown, was sat in on a jam session conducted by he joined Moten's band. After immortalized in their first bia Jo Jones. He faltered musically, Moten's death, Basie co-Led an national hit, Piney Brown slue;. and Jones showed his displeasure by eight-piece group with Buster Smith They participated in John Hammond's throwing his cymbal at Parker's called the Barons of Swing; they "Spirituals to Swing" concert in feet. He was humiliated and vowed opened at the Reno Club. (The 1938, which brought them national to return. bandstand at the Reno Club was so recognition. The following summer Parker small that it couldn't hold any more Pete Johnson formed the played an extended engagement with a than eight players.) The band Boogie Woogie Trio with Meade Lux band led by Tomrny Douglas and George included many former members of the and Albert Ammons. Joe Turner went E. Lee at a resort in Eldon, Blue Devils and the Moten band: on to become one of the "fathers" of Missouri. Bird did a considerable Walter page, Lester Young, Buster rock and roll when he recorded amount of "woodshedding" during this Smith, "Hot Lips" Page, Jack Shake, Rattle and Roll for the period and returned to Kansas City a 1 Midwest Note-Book, v. 1, ,no.1 May 1992 page 9 changed man musically. Bird met out during the author's doctoral Europe. After his coronation, the Mcshann in 1937 and began a short studies at the University of collection was mved from the Villa professional alliance and a Lifelong Illinois and resulted in a detailed ViGosa to the royal palace in Lisbon friendship. Around this time, paper nearly 500 pages Long. This where the King had special rooms McShann expanded his band and played version can be Little more than a outfitted as a music Library and a residency at the Century Room. few highlights from the original where he engaged the services of a The band began touring and signed a study: the aim is to provide some priest names Jozo Alvares Frouvo as recording contract with Decca historical background on Joao and chief librarian. As king, Joso had records. Dave Kapp, the "A and R his music library, present a free access to the national treasury man" in charge of the session for necessarily brief overview of the and appears to have viewed the Decca, decided to emphasize the extent of the collection, and sum- exchequer Largely as a means of blues side of the band. Confessing marize the outcome of the recon- financing his passion for collecting the Blues, featuring Walter Brown on struction. Along the way some music. Agents were sent to all the vocals, was an instant hit. evidence of the progress made in printing centers of Europe to The flip side of Confessing recent years in the bibliography of acquire copies of musical works and the the Hootie Blues, sixteenth- and seventeenth-century send them to Lisbon. Within the featured Charlie Parker's first solo music will become apparent, and the sixteen years of his reign, Joao had that was recorded on a commercial paper closes with an assessment of built what Albert Luper called "the recording. Bird's twelve-bar solo the effect of the Loss of this col- Largest and most sumptuous music on Hootie Blues was a Landmark in lection has had on posterity, an as- library of its time in private jazz history that electrified all sessment that is--I think--mare hands." those musicians who heard it. In accurate than previous studies have After the King's death in January of 1942, the band opened at ben able to draw. 1656, the collection continued to the Savoy Ballrmm, the "Home of Joy0 was the eighth Duke of reside in the palace. Jo%08s will Happy Feet." The evening's show- Bragansa in 1640 when Portuguese specified a number of conditions to stopper was Bird's solo on his forces broke the Spanish military be met in order to assure its I favorite tune, Cherokee. The dan- occupation in effect since 1580. As preservation, including excommun- cers at the Savoy, cavorted with the head of PortugaL's wealthiest ication for anyone who pilfered the wild abandon while Bird pulled trick and nost influential family, the collection or soiled its pages with after trick out of his musical hat. thirty-six-year-old Duke was unwashed hands. But not even royal Bird Left the McShann band declared the Restorer and crowned decrees could protect the library in New York during the summer of Joao Cuarto, the first Portuguese from the fate that awaited it. 1942. (McShann continued to lead king in sixty years. At 9:30 on the morning of the band until he was drafted Late Jo% is interesting in Saturday, 1 November 1755, Lisbon in 1943. After he was discharged musicological terms because he was a was struck by an earthquake so from the Army in 1945, McShann trained composer and writer on powerful it was felt throughout reformed his big band with Jimmy music. His grandfather and father, Europe. There were three separate Witherspoon featured on vocals. In the sixth and seventh Dukes of shocks, each about a minute apart. rhe fifties and sixties, McShann Braganga, had been active in The farce of these shocks destroyed korked around Kansas City, which he supporting and promoting musical nearly every building in the city. made his home. Since then he has life in Portugal. Both had avidly The Tagus River was thrown from its concentrated on festival work and collected musical works as part of bed and driven inland in three tours of Europe, while still main- the Library at the ducal estate, surging waves, each fifteen to taining his home base in Kansas Villa Vi~osa. Jo%'s father main- twentv feet hiah. Finallv, fire City.) By the time he Left tained a chapel choir there and brokeout and i;urned thrciubhout the McShann4s band, Bird was a fully engaged an Englishman named Robert city for nearly a week. Of a developed composer and musician. He Tornar as chapel master and music population of 275,000 inhabitants, went on to establish the be-bop instructor to his son. Late the it is Likely that 10,WO to 15,000 revolution, creating many future king also studied with the perished. compositions that became be-bop Portuguese composer JO%O Soares The royal palace was standards. RebelLo. obliterated. The quake's shock While all this was A small number of musical waves collapsed the structure. As happening, however, Tom Pendergast works attributed to the King the palace had been built directly was indicted on income tax charges survive--settings of Crux Fideles, on the bank of the Tagus, the river in 1939. With both of the Dixit Dominus, Laudate Daminurn, flooded the rubble at full force Pendergasts off the scene, reform Adiuva Nos Deus, and a Magnificat. three times. At last, the plaza on elements closed the clubs that had In addition, passions on texts of which the palace sat caught fire,and provided work for so many musicians. Matthew and John--traditionally sung burned for days. Along with the The flame of Kansas City jazz was in Lisbon churches at Eastertide-- palace went the entire music Library cooled--but never extinguished. are said to be his. Two treatises JOTOhad taken such Dains to build on music written by JoZo have also and preserve. RECM(STRUET1MI OF THE PRIUED MUSIC come down to us. The first is a The destruction of Jozo's IN THE LIBRARY OF JOAO IV defense of modern music printed in music Library robbed Portugal of a I Spanish in 1649, and the second a great national treasure and many Calvin Elliker (University of defense of Palestrina, also in writers over the intervening cen- Michigan) Spanish and printed in 1654. In turies have Lamented its loss. For- these writings Joao declares his tunately, most of the collection did [Ed. note: The following paper was admiration for Palestrina and firmly not go completely undocumented. The delivered at the Music Bibliography allies himself with the rtile Lisbon printed Paulo Craesbeck pro- Roundtable meeting during the MLA antiche. duced an Index to part of the col- Annual meeting. Mr. Elliker has Perhaps Joao., is most inter- lection in 1649. Two copies of this generously offered to share it.] preting in terms of music bibli- index survived to the nineteenth ography. Building upon the music century and were studied by various This paper is about an at- collection inherited from his father scholars includina Jose~h~eiis, tempt to reconstruct the printed and grandfather, Jozo became a Robert Eitner, an; ~dmundvander music h~ldingsin the library of driven collector of musical works, Straeten. King Joao Cuarto of Portugal. The buying manuscripts, printed works, However, the very character actual reconstruction was carried and books on music from all over of the Index made assessment of this Midwest Note-Book, v. 1, lo. 1 May 1992 page 10

document--and thus the collection it I took up my study of to reveal if 3020 owned both parts represented--pmblemtic. Entries JoZoSs Index twenty-four years after or only one. are given without any system of Ribeiro's death with the decision The citations cause other ordering, mixing sacred and secular that Iwould not continue from the difficulties as well. Haw is one to works by Italian, Austrian, Spanish, torso he left, but rather that I determine the specific work intended Danish, English, French, Dutch, would begin the work from a fresh from an entry that reads "Tablatures Flemish, and Portuguese composers start. Iwas--as we all are--the for Lute," or 'Madrigals by Anony- randomly throughout its pages, fre- grateful beneficiary of the efforts mous and others?" Despite advances quently separating two works by the of individual scholars and inter- in the study of this music, it seems same composer by hundreds of unre- national joint ventures in the docu- unlikely that items referred to by lated entries, thus forcing the mentation of music, as the following such vague descriptions can ever be reader to scan the entire volume to points and the figures in table 2 identified. locate references to specific works will demonstrate. There are other cases in or composers. Further, works are The Index is divided into which it appears that the work frequently not Listed by actuai four sections. The first Lists Listed was never printed and that title, but only by a heading listing printed music, the second nono- same entries for manuscripts were the genre with indications of the graphs, the third manuscripts, and erroneously added to the sections number of voices and book--such as the fourth completes the printed for printed music. A book of Tentos "Madrigals for five voices, book music Listings. All together, the for organ by Pere Alberch Vila, a two. " sections for printed music contain set of motets by ~stev2ode Erito, a To complicate matters 1,682 entries. Forty-two of these collection of masses by Juan de further, many composers are not re- entries are duplicates, thereby Escabar, an anthology of organ music ferred to by their commonly accepted reducing the total to 1,640. These including works by Francisco de names, but rather by sobriquets or entries represent 1,382 individual Perasa, and another by Bernardo by Portuguese or Latin works by 625 composers, plus 258 Clavijo and Diogo del Castillo, to approximations. Table 1 contains multi-compaser anthologies. The name only a feu examples, appear some examples. Thanks to advances principal tool for identification in never to have been printed. Indeed, in music bibliography, many of these my study was RISM Series A and the references to these composers all names are nos fairly easy to iden- first volume of Series8.Of the indicate that their music existed tify from Joao's entries, such as 1,640 entries for printed music, only in manuscript. In addition, Asola, Buchner, Philips, schiitz, and 1,385--or 84.5 percent--were some generic entries such as those even the "dissonant" Banchieri. The identified from information in m. mentioned earlier may also refer to entries far Dillen, Hunnius, In addition to the items manuscript compositions. If this ~edersin, and Burghe are perhaps a identified through M, another conjecture is correct, it would bit more difficult. My favorite is eighty-nine works were identified decrease the number of actual the Last an the List in table 1. through the use of various bibli- printed work still unidentified, One can easily imagine how ographies and other sources. these^^- while correspondingly increasing the enigmatic these entries must have findings increase the number of percentage of identified works. been for scholars just beginning to identified works to 1,474--or nearly Based on the identification explore the music of this period. 90 percent of the entries. of 94 percent of the printed music Thus the question of identifying I also relied on various J&O owned, it is possible to get composers and titles became essen- articles in trove for documentation some idea of what his collection was tial to gaining more information of works where all copies appear to Like, although time allows only a from the a. have been Lost. An additional quick summation. The King;s admir- From 1873 to 1876 Joaquin sixty-nine items were identified in ation of Palestrina is evident from Vasconcellos tried to answer this this manner. the first entry in the Index. In need by producing an edition of the This figure added to the all, twenty-one collections of his Index in quasi-facsimile transcrip- two stated previously brings the works are Listed, as well as a large tion. He also attempted a critical total of identified works to 1,543-- number of anthologies that include study of it, which inevitably or 94 percent of the 1,640 entries one or more items by Palestrina. suffered from the embryonic state of for printed music, with the work The Index also includes knowledge about this music. In accom- plished in Less than a year. substantial numbers of entries for fact, Vasconcellos's study was Compare this figure and the time printed works by Agostino Agazzari, seriously hampered by an inability involved to Ribeiro's identification Giammateo Asola, Adriano Banchieri, to penetrate the enigma of Joao's of Less than 25 percent of the Giovanni Croce, John Dowland, Carlo entries. For the most part, he entries in twenty-eight years, and Gesualdo, Sigismundo d'lndia, Marc merely accepted them as they appear. you have a measure of--and a tribute Antonio Ingegneri, Orlando di Lasso, The entry for Hammerschmidt that I to--advances made in this area of Claude Le Jeune, Luca Marenzio, mentioned a minute ago is listed in music bibliography over the Last Philippe de Nonte, Claudio Nonte- Vasconcellos's study under the name quarter-century. verdi, Cipriano de Rore, Orario "Mieden." There are some additional Vecchi, and Giacches de Wert. Women In preparation for the J940 considerations that could further composers are represented by works tricentennial celebration of Joao's affect the number of works iden- of Maddalena Casulana and Barbara restoration of the Portuguese crown, tified. Due to the fact that the Strozzi. Althoph Italian cornposers Mario Sampaio Ribeiro began a new citations are usually quite sketchy, predominate, Joao appears to have study of the Index that was impeded compiete, decisive identification had a special interest in English by the outbreak of war in Europe in could not always be made among music, as along with Dowland, one September 1939. After the war reiated works. The Index, for finds the works of Thomas Morley, Ribeiro resumed his work, but died example, indicates that a book of Thomas Ford, Philip Rosseter, in 1966 with only a fragment of the lute tablature by Francesco da William Byrd, Anthony Holborne, study completed. The Academia Milano was in the collection, yet Francis Pilkington, and many of Portuquesa da ~istcriapublished his Francesco's works were printed in their contemporaries. notes together with a photo-litho- fifteen different books and the In terms of printing graphic facsimile of the Index in Index gives no hint as to which one history, JO%'s collection ranged 1967. After twenty-eight years of is intended. In another instance, from books of masses by Josquin and study, Ribeira had tentatively iden- the Index Lists Jacob van Eyck's Obrecht, produced in 1502 and repre- tified Less than a quarter of the Fluyten Lust-hof, a title issued in senting some of the first efforts by printed music in the Index. two parts, but again the Index fails Petrucci to print music notation, to Midwest Note-Book h4a y 1992 page 11

Giovanni Rovetta's fourth book of posed to an ordinary bibliography--its entries report extant copies only. This printed in 1649-- information allows some assessment of the effect the Loss of Joso's Library has the very year that the Index itself had. was printed. As I have stated, the Eitner, Vander StraetenLVasconcellos, Ribeim, and other writers have collection included many works by portrayed the destruction of Joaa's Library as a tragic and irreversible blow to Palestrina and other composers of the study of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century music. While there can be no the stile antiche, which Joao's doubt that the Loss of this collection is indeed a tragedy, my study found that writings defended and which he most -- in terms of printed music--the loss to posterity is far Less severe than admired, but it also included Giulio these writers believed. Caccini's Nuove Musiche, polychoral As I said earlier, among the printed music Listed in the index, 1,385 works by Giovanni and Andrea items appear in m, meaning that at Least 84.5 percent of this portion of Gabrieli, madrigals by Heinrich Joao's collection continues to survive in the form of additional copies. While Schutz, and works by many exponents it is difficult to determine if items identified in sources other than m of the stile nuove, such as Ludovico still survive, this possibility, together with new discoveries made since M's Viadana, Alessandro Grandi, Giovanni printing, may mean that as many of 1,474 items--nearly 90 percent of the printed Rigatti, and Gasparo Casati. Dance music JoSo owned--survive in additional copies. music, Lute tablatures, madrigals, The fact that between 85 and 90 prcent of this music has not been cittern music, chansons, and other entirely Lost stands as a tribute to the contribution printing has made to the secular genres are freely intermixed survival of documents through replication and dissemination. furthermore, I with entries for masses, motets, believe that this figure also Lessens somewhat the sense of tragedy vespers, Litanies, and additional traditionally associated with JO~O'Smusic Library. sacred forms. Works Listed in the Index that are presently believed Lost chart 1. make one wish all the more that the collection had survived. ALL the Saqle Entries works of Cornelius Leeuw are Listed in Grove as Lost, and a cop1 of Appears as: Means: every one of them was in Joao's 10. Matheum Assullam Veronensem Giammateo Asola Library. The same is true of a Banchieri il disonante Adriano Banchieri collection of masses and psalms for Philippo Federigo Bucnero Phi lipp Friedrich Buchner eight and nine voices, and a book of Seur de Chansi Francois de Chancy motets for eight voices by Peter Guglielso Dillen Villico Dillen Philips. I1 Ferabosco Dornenico Maria Ferrabosco In the 1950s, Sidney Beck sgideo Hsnnio Gilles Hayne of the New York Public Library's Christiano Hunnio Herbslebiensi Music Division set out to produce a Thuringo Christian Hunnius modern edition of Thomas Morley's Magno Petrm Dano Mogens Pedersln book of Consort Lessons far English Pietro Philippi Inglese Peter Philips braken consort. He delayed pro- Balthasare Ricard Hannonio Montensi Richard Balthazar duction for some time, while Francesco Rose110 Francois Roussel searching in vain for a copy of the Henrico Sagitarrio Allemano Heinrich SchUtz lute part, and was eventually forced Fr. Tiburtio Bruxell Frans van Burghe to produce anJdealized reconstruc- Andre han Mersch Meiden Andreas Hammerschmidt tion. Had Joao's Library survived, Beck would have had access to a complete set of parts to the 1611 Chart 2. printing of Consort Lessons. On the topic of music for English broken Statistics in Identification consort, the survival of JO~O'S Library would also have offered Beck (NOTE: 1,682 entries - 42 duplicates - 1,640 entries €1,382 individual works by the opportunity to see a complete 625 composers t 258 anthologies>) copy of Phi lip Rosseter's Lmok of consort lessons, which now exists RISM only as a fragment. Other sources In addition to documenting Lost (trove) 69 4.2% Lost works such as these, systematic organization and identification of IDENTIFIED 1,543 94.1% the printed music in the Index indi- cate that we may now have evidence of some apparently unknown works. The Index provides a number of ex- amples, such as a book of motets for solo voice and continuo by Iacinti Bondioli and Blagio Marini; a book of masses and motets, one of ves- pers, and another of Litanies by Adriana Banchieri: a book of osalms by Claude off in,' currently known to us only through examples in two motet anthologies; two books of masses by Giawmo Ganassi; and a setting of the Lamentations of Meet us in St. Louis, Louie! Jeremiah by Alessandro Striggio. Using RISM to identify (and everybody else toof) printed music provided my study with some additional information because, 29-31 October 1992 as a bibliographical census--as op- Midwest Note-Book, v. 1, no. 1 May 1992 page 12

RIDYEST CHAPTER ADIIINISTMTIVE STRUCTURE

EXECUTIVE COfMITEE: CHAIR: Allie Wise Goudy (Western Illinois Univ.), PAST-CHAIR: Linda Fidler (Univ. of Wisconsin--Madison), SECRETARY-TREASURER: Sue Ellen Stancu (Indiana Univ.), NEWSLETTER EDITOR: Richard E. Jones (Jones Editorial, Inc.)

Membership Committee: Anita Bealer (Minneapolis Public Library), Sue Stancu, Chair (Indiana Univ.) Kiyo Suyematsu (Mankato State Univ.), Ian Fairclough (Ball State Univ.)

Nominatinq Committee (1991-92): Bob Acker (DePaul Univ.), Bonna Boettcher (Western Kentucky Univ.), Linda Hartig, Chair (Univ. of Uisconsin--Miluaukee)

1 Publications Committee: Perry Bratcher (Northern Kentucky Univ.), Grace Fitzgerald (Univ. of Iowa), Laura Gayle Green (Indiana Univ.), Patricia Legg (Flint Public Library), Anna Sylvester (Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City), Steve Wright, Chair (Northern Illinois Univ.)

11. SPECIAL MIIMITTEES

Catalosinq Committee: Richard Surbank (Univ. of Illinois-Urbana), Paul Cauthen (Univ. of Cincinnati), Grace Fitzgerald (Univ. of Iowa), Vince Jenkins (Univ. of Kentucky), Laura Gayle Green (Indiana Univ.), Lynn Gullicksan, Co-Chair (Northwestern Univ.), Mary Huisnann, to-Chair (Univ. of Wisconsin--whitewater), Shelley Rogers (Kent State Univ.), Mark Scharff (Indiana il Univ.), Phyllis Schoonover (Butler Univ.), Anna Sylvester (Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City) ! Preservation Committee: Anita Bealer (Minneapolis Public Library), Suzanne Eggieston (Bowling Green State Univ.), Ian Fairclough (Ball State Univ.), Marlene Frackowski (Indiana Univ,), Jean Geil (univ. of Illinois- Urbane), Karen Little (Univ. of Louisville), Peter Mundstedt, Co-Chair (Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City), Steve Sundell (Univ. of Wisconsin--Madison), Metro Voloshin (Lexington Public Library), Therese Zoski, Co-Chair (Sout'hern Illinois Univ.-Eduardsville) --'- - >.... . & .~, Public Services Committee: Kathy Abromeit (Wright State ~iiiii.1; Bob Acker (DePaul Univ.), Bonna &e

MIDWEST NOTE-BOOK Richard E. Jones, editor 1904 Sandalwood Drive Greencastle, Indiana 46135

Gregory Fitzgerald Music and Dance Libram Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008