DOCSLIB.ORG

Wall Street from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Wall Street (Disambiguation)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wall Street from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Wall Street (Disambiguation) Wall Street From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Wall Street (disambiguation). Wall Street Length 0.7 mi (1.1 km) West end Broadway East end South Street The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, the world's largest stock exchangeper total market capitalization of its listed companies.[1] Map of Wall Street as it runs today [show]New Netherland series Wall Street is a 0.7 miles (1.1 km), eight-block-long, street running west to east from Broadway to South Street on the East River inLower Manhattan in the financial district of New York City.[2] Over time, the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, the American financial sector (even if financial firms are not physically located there), or signifying New York-based financial interests.[3] Wall Street is the home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of its listed companies.[1] Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange. Anchored by Wall Street, New York City has been called the world's principal financial center.[4][5][6][7] Contents [hide] 1 History o 1.1 Early years o 1.2 19th century o 1.3 20th century o 1.4 Regulation o 1.5 21st-century 2 Architecture 3 Personalities associated with the street 4 Wall Street's importance o 4.1 As an economic engine . 4.1.1 In the New York economy . 4.1.2 Versus Midtown Manhattan . 4.1.3 In the New Jersey economy o 4.2 As a neighborhood o 4.3 As a tourist destination o 4.4 Versus Main Street o 4.5 In the public imagination o 4.6 As a culture o 4.7 In popular culture 5 Competitors to Wall Street 6 Transportation 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links History[edit] Early years[edit] The original city map called theCastello Plan from 1660, showing the wall on the right side Depiction of the wall of New Amsterdam on a tile in Wall Streetsubway station (4 5 trains) Wall Street in 1797 Conjectural view of Wall Street, as it probably looked at the time of Washington's 1789 inauguration 1847 map showing the street layout and ferry routes for lower Manhattan. View of Wall Street from corner of Broad Street, 1867: The building on the left was the U.S. Customs House. Today it's the home of the Federal Hall National Memorial. Lower Manhattan around 1914. Wall Street in the stock market crash of 1929 Brooklyn Museum - Wall Street Manhattan - George Bradford Brainerd There are varying accounts about how the Dutch-named "de Waal Straat"[8] got its name. A generally accepted version is that the name of the street was derived from an earthen wall on the northern boundary of the New Amsterdam settlement, perhaps to protect against English colonial encroachment or incursions by native Americans. A conflicting explanation is that Wall Street was named after Walloons— the Dutch name for Walloon is Waal.[9] Among the first settlers that embarked on the ship "Nieu Nederlandt" in 1624 were 30 Walloon families. The Dutch word 'wal' can be translated as palisade. However, even some English maps show the name as Waal Straat, and not as Wal Straat.[8] One version of the story is worth quoting: "The red people from Manhattan Island crossed to the mainland, where a treaty was made with the Dutch, and the place was therefore called the Pipe of Peace, in their language, Hoboken. But soon after that, the Dutch governor, Kieft, sent his men out there one night and massacred the entire population. Few of them escaped, but they spread the story of what had been done, and this did much to antagonize all the remaining tribes against all the white settlers. Shortly after, Nieuw Amsterdam erected a double palisade for defense against its now enraged red neighbors, and this remained for some time the northern limit of the Dutch city. The space between the former walls is now called Wall Street, and its spirit is still that of a bulwark against the people." [10] In the 1640s, basic picket and plank fences denoted plots and residences in the colony.[11] Later, on behalf of the Dutch West India Company, Peter Stuyvesant, using both African slaves[12] and white colonists, collaborated with the city government in the construction of a more substantial fortification, a strengthened 12-foot (4 m) wall.[13] In 1685, surveyors laid out Wall Street along the lines of the original stockade.[13] The wall started at Pearl Street, which was the shoreline at that time, crossing the Indian path Broadway and ending at the other shoreline (today's Trinity Place), where it took a turn south and ran along the shore until it ended at the old fort. In these early days, local merchants and traders would gather at disparate spots to buy and sell shares and bonds, and over time divided themselves into two classes—auctioneers and dealers.[14] Wall Street was also the marketplace where owners could hire out their slaves by the day or week.[15]The rampart was removed in 1699.[9] On December 13, 1711, the New York City Common Council made Wall Street the city's first official slave market for the sale and rental of enslaved Africans and Indians.[16][17] In the late 18th century, there was a buttonwood tree at the foot of Wall Street under which traders and speculators would gather to trade securities.[18] The benefit was being in proximity to each other.[18] In 1792, traders formalized their association with the Buttonwood Agreement which was the origin of the New York Stock Exchange.[19] The idea of the agreement was to make the market more "structured" and "without the manipulative auctions", with a commission structure.[14] Persons signing the agreement agreed to charge each other a standard commission rate; persons not signing could still participate but would be charged a higher commission for dealing.[14] In 1789, Wall Street was the scene of the United States' first presidential inauguration when George Washington took the oath of office on the balcony of Federal Hall on April 30, 1789. This was also the location of the passing of the Bill Of Rights. In the cemetery of Trinity Church, Alexander Hamilton, who was the first Treasury secretary and "architect of the early United States financial system," is buried.[20] 19th century[edit] In the first few decades, both residences and businesses occupied the area, but increasingly business predominated. "There are old stories of people's houses being surrounded by the clamor of business and trade and the owners complaining that they can't get anything done," according to a historian named Burrows.[21] The opening of the Erie Canal in the early 19th century meant a huge boom in business for New York City, since it was the only major eastern seaport which had direct access by inland waterways to ports on the Great Lakes. Wall Street became the "money capital of America".[18] Historian Charles R. Geisst suggested that there has constantly been a "tug-of-war" between business interests on Wall Street and authorities in Washington, D.C..[14] Generally during the 19th century Wall Street developed its own "unique personality and institutions" with little outside interference.[14] In the 1840s and 1850s, most residents moved north to midtown because of the increased business use at the lower tip of the island.[21]The Civil War had the effect of causing the northern economy to boom, bringing greater prosperity to cities like New York which "came into its own as the nation's banking center" connecting "Old World capital and New World ambition", according to one account.[20] J. P. Morgancreated giant trusts; John D. Rockefeller‘s Standard Oil moved to New York.[20] Between 1860 and 1920, the economy changed from "agricultural to industrial to financial" and New York maintained its leadership position despite these changes, according to historian Thomas Kessner.[20] New York was second only to London as the world's financial capital.[20] In 1884, Charles H. Dow began tracking stocks, initially beginning with 11 stocks, mostly railroads, and looked at average prices for these eleven.[22] When the average "peaks and troughs" went up consistently, he deemed it a bull market condition; if averages dropped, it was a bear market. He added up prices, and divided by the number of stocks to get his Dow Jones average. Dow's numbers were a "convenient benchmark" for analyzing the market and became an accepted way to look at the entire stock market. In 1889, the original stock report,Customers' Afternoon Letter, became The Wall Street Journal. Named in reference to the actual street, it became an influential international daily business newspaper published in New York City.[23] After October 7, 1896, it began publishing Dow's expanded list of stocks.[22] A century later, there were 30 stocks in the average. 20th century[edit] Business writer [John Brooks] in his book Once in Golconda considered the start of the 20th century period to have been Wall Street'sheyday.[20] The address of 23 Wall Street where the headquarters of J. P. Morgan & Company, known as The Corner, was "the precise center, geographical as well as metaphorical, of financial America and even of the financial world."[20] Wall Street has had changing relationships with government authorities.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historic Lower Manhattan
    Historic Lower Manhattan To many people Lower Manhattan means financial district, where the large buildings are designed to facilitate the exchange of money. The buildings, streets and open spaces, however, recall events that gave birth to a nation and have helped shape the destiny of western civilization. Places such as St. Paul's Chapel and Federal Hall National Memorial exemplify a number of sites which have been awarded special status by the Federal Government. The sites appearing in this guide are included in the following programs which have given them public recognition and helped to assure their survival. National Park Service Since its inauguration in 1916, the National Park Service has been dedicated to the preservation and management of our country's unique national, historical and recreational areas. The first national park in the world—Yellowstone—has been followed by the addition of over 300 sites in the 50 states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. National Park areas near and in Manhattan are: Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, Fire Island National Seashore, Gateway National Recreation Area, Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, Hamilton Grange National Memorial, and General Grant National Memorial. National Historic Landmarks National Park Service historians study and evaluate historic properties throughout the country. Acting upon their findings the Secretary of the Interior may declare the properties eligible for designation as National National Parks are staffed by Park Rangers who can provide information As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Historic Landmarks. The owner of such a property is offered a certif­ to facilitate your visit to Lower Manhattan.
    [Show full text]
  • New York CITY
    New York CITY the 123rd Annual Meeting American Historical Association NONPROFIT ORG. 400 A Street, S.E. U.S. Postage Washington, D.C. 20003-3889 PAID WALDORF, MD PERMIT No. 56 ASHGATENew History Titles from Ashgate Publishing… The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir The Long Morning of Medieval Europe for the Crusading Period New Directions in Early Medieval Studies Edited by Jennifer R. Davis, California Institute from al-Kamil fi’l-Ta’rikh. Part 3 of Technology and Michael McCormick, The Years 589–629/1193–1231: The Ayyubids Harvard University after Saladin and the Mongol Menace Includes 25 b&w illustrations Translated by D.S. Richards, University of Oxford, UK June 2008. 366 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-6254-9 Crusade Texts in Translation: 17 June 2008. 344 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-4079-0 The Art, Science, and Technology of Medieval Travel The Portfolio of Villard de Honnecourt Edited by Robert Bork, University of Iowa (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale and Andrea Kann AVISTA Studies in the History de France, MS Fr 19093) of Medieval Technology, Science and Art: 6 A New Critical Edition and Color Facsimile Includes 23 b&w illustrations with a glossary by Stacey L. Hahn October 2008. 240 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-6307-2 Carl F. Barnes, Jr., Oakland University Includes 72 color and 48 b&w illustrations November 2008. 350 pages. Hbk. 978-0-7546-5102-4 The Medieval Account Books of the Mercers of London Patents, Pictures and Patronage An Edition and Translation John Day and the Tudor Book Trade Lisa Jefferson Elizabeth Evenden, Newnham College, November 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Hedgefundtradealert
    HedgeFundTradeAlert www.hedgefundtradealert.com Presents…. By Robert Dorfman Hedge Fund Manager: (Genie One, Silverhawk) Author: (Hedge Fund Trading Secrets Revealed) YOU SHOULD PRINT THIS BOOK OUT FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.. 80 pages! Copyright 2009-Pristine Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved Hi,.. Robert Dorfman here……First of all, thanks for your interest in this ebook and wanting to learn how to trade/invest more effectively, or for just wanting to learn more about how the market itself really works. You may or may not know me…that‘s ok…this book will teach some key tips about what it really takes to money in the stock market…I am a 20+ year veteran trader…Wall Street trained, bred, and sometimes disgusted by,…so……I can absolutely promise one thing here….. You are about to learn the truth about how it all works….. so lets‘ get started….. First a Little History…. The history of the New York Stock Exchange basically begins with the signing of the Buttonwood Agreement by twenty-four New York City stockbrokers and merchants on May 17, 1792, outside at 68 Wall Street under a buttonwood tree (above). The agreement was only two sentences long, and was simply a promise to only trade with each other and abide by a .25% commission. In the beginning there were five instruments being traded, three of which were government bonds created to finance the Revolutionary War as well as the first listed company … the Bank of New York. The exchange began to grow and in 1817 a constitution with rules and regulations was developed and trading was moved indoors.
    [Show full text]
  • Office of the Attorney General of the State of New York Real Estate Finance Bureau ------X
    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK REAL ESTATE FINANCE BUREAU --------------------------------------------------------------------X In the Matter of the Investigation by ERIC T. SCHNEIDERMAN, Attorney General of the State of New York, of AOD No. 15-240 15 BROAD STREET, LLC; 15 BROAD STREET MANAGERS, LLC; 20 PINE STREET, LLC; 20 PINE STREET MANAGERS, LLC; 85 ADAMS STREET, LLC; AND 85 ADAMS STREET MANAGERS, LLC; AI PROPERTIES AND DEVELOPMENTS (USA) CORP.; and AI HOLDINGS (USA) CORP., Respondents. --------------------------------------------------------------------X ASSURANCE OF DISCONTINUANCE Pursuant to the Martin Act, New York General Business Law (“GBL”) § 352 et seq., and New York Executive Law (“Executive Law”) § 63(12), ERIC T. SCHNEIDERMAN, Attorney General of the State of New York (the “NYAG”) investigated the conduct of 15 Broad Street, LLC; 15 Broad Street Managers, LLC; 20 Pine Street, LLC; 20 Pine Street Managers, LLC; 85 Adams Street, LLC; and 85 Adams Street Managers, LLC; AI Properties and Developments (USA) Corp.; and AI Holdings (USA) Corp. (collectively “Respondents”), in connection with an offering of real estate securities in New York State. This Assurance of Discontinuance (“Assurance”) contains the findings of the NYAG’s investigation and the relief agreed to by the NYAG and Respondents. FINDINGS I. The Respondents 1. Respondent 15 Broad Street, LLC (“15 Broad”), a Delaware limited liability company, is the named sponsor of an offering of condominiums located at 15 Broad Street in Manhattan. 2. Respondent 15 Broad Managers, LLC (“15 Broad Managers”), a Delaware limited liability company, is the sole member of 15 Broad. 3. Respondent 20 Pine Street LLC (“20 Pine”), a Delaware limited liability company, is the named sponsor of an offering of condominiums located at 20 Pine Street in Manhattan.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Data Services New York Board of Trade (NYBOT)
    Prepared Statement of Jack Sabo Vice President – Market Data Services New York Board of Trade (NYBOT) Before the Senate Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information, and International Security Field Hearing on “Ensuring Protection of American Intellectual Property Rights for American Industries in China.” November 21, 2005 Chairman Coburn, I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss the challenges faced by the U.S. financial community – and, in particular, the New York Board of Trade -- due to piracy of real time market data in China. While the issue of piracy in China is often dominated by high profile industries such as motion pictures, recordings, software and publishing, Chinese piracy also affects the financial industry by robbing exchanges of fees from the sale of market data and by robbing customers from licensed market data vendors, such as Bloomberg, e-Signal, and others. Market data provided by derivative exchanges is vital information used by the global financial industry which includes brokerage houses, banks, fund managers, cotton, coffee, sugar, cattle, corn, orange juice brokers, and many more. They depend on reliable information, whose integrity can be undermined through unauthorized access and piracy of this data. Revenue from market data fees can be as much as 25% of total exchange revenue. As New York’s original futures exchange, the New York Board of Trade (commonly referred to as “NYBOT”) is an historic part of the financial community. It is a traditional futures exchange where traders buy and sell futures on Coffee, Sugar, Cocoa, Cotton, Orange Juice, wood pulp and a variety of financial instruments such as the US Dollar Index.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary
    Communicating the Benefits of Transit Oriented Development The Hudson Bergen Light Rail Transit System and the City of Evanston’s Transit-Oriented Redevelopment Executive Summary, January 2005 Prepared for the Development, Community and Environment Division, EPA By Gloria Ohland and Cali Gorewitz, Reconnecting America’s Center for Transit Oriented Development This is a tale of three cities -- Jersey City and neighboring Hoboken in New Jersey, and Evanston, Illinois – that have experienced an enormous amount of development since the late 1980s, reversing three decades of decline brought on by the great suburban exodus of the 1950s. The result is that in North & Visitors Bureau Convention Shore 2006 all three cities are prospering, posting significant increases in property values and sales taxes and other revenues due to the building boom and resulting increases in business activity. The amount of high-density development that has occurred could never have occurred this quickly if these cities did not have rich transit networks providing very high-quality connections to the abundant jobs, culture and destinations in their big city neighbors: Manhattan is across the Hudson from Hoboken and Jersey City; Chicago and Evanston share a border. Not every project that has been built in these cities is truly transit-oriented, Evanston, IL pedestrian-friendly or human-scaled – station areas in and expensive TOD components like structured parking. But Jersey City lack a good mix of retail, and a number of whereas Evanston’s extensive multimodal transit system Evanston’s commuter and urban rail stations, ironically, was already in place, New Jersey built a new 20-mile light are located along a very wide thoroughfare that used to be rail line through brownfields and abandoned industrial Auto Row.
    [Show full text]
  • May 5, 1936 J. P. Morgan & Company 23 Wall Street New York, New York
    May 5, 1936 J. P. Morgan & Company 23 Wall Street New York, New York Gentlemen: This is to thank you for the courteous reception your Mr. Lamont accorded our Mr. Goldschmidt on April 29, when he took up with you the matter of supplying us with daily reports on purchases and sales of American stocks for foreign account, going through your office, which were to be reported on a form similar to the enclosed. In view of the wide variations of prices, we have added a column for market price, which is to give the aggregate market price corresponding to the number of shares. If this can be conveniently done by you, it will be appreciated. We hope to furnish you a supply of printed forms and franked envelopes within a few days. In the meantime you may follow the outline of the enclosed form in reporting to us on your own stationery. You understand that, in order that these data have the maximum tuility to us, we should like that one copy be sent as early as possible after the close of the market to Ernest Angell, Regional Administrator, Securities and Exchange Commission, 120 Broadway, New York City, and another copy by evening mail to Paul P. Gourrich, Securities and Exchange Commission, 1778 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C., the envelopes to be marked “Confidential Report”, to avoid the reports being opened except by Mr. Angell or myself. In order that your name does not appear, we have assigned to your firm the following number: 22. This will also acknowledge your letter of April 30, addressed to Chairman Landis, for which I wish to thank you on his behalf.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study for Accounting Information Systems
    Review of Business Information Systems – June 2014 Volume 18, Number 1 A Case Study For Accounting Information Systems – A Business Continuity Plan For Protecting Critical Financial Information In The NYC Financial Services Industry Mark D. Law, Bloomsburg University, USA Gary Robson, Bloomsburg University, USA ABSTRACT This case study outlines a project launched by the Wall Street West organization, a data redundancy system in Northeastern Pennsylvania which provides backdrop for financial institutions located in New York City. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, the history on the importance of business continuity plans in a post 9/11 world is explored. Second, the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Securities and Exchange Commission recommendations regarding Disaster Recover, in addition to the requirements of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, are reviewed. Lastly, an overview of Wall Street West’s effort is provided, looking at some of the strategic advantages to locate in Northeastern Pennsylvania and demonstrating the important resources provided by Wall Street West to protect the nation’s national security. Conclusions and case use recommendations are presented as this case is ideally suited for use in an Accounting Information Systems course at either the undergraduate or graduate level creating an awareness of the importance of business continuity planning. Keywords: Backup Plans; Disaster Recovery; Accounting Information Systems INTRODUCTION he United States’ financial services industry has and will continue to face many challenges over the prior and next decades. One of the most important challenges to be confronted will be planning for T and responding to terrorism and natural disasters.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to 14 Wall Street
    NNYYSSSSCCPPAA HHeeaaddqquuaarrtteerrss 1144 WWaallll SSttrreeeett 19th Floor New York, NY 10005 GGuuiiddee ffoorr CCoommmmiitttteeee MMeemmbbeerrss (Transportation, Lodging, Dining, Building Security, New Features for Committee Rooms) Gryffindor ejm 7/12/13 Public Transportation to 14 Wall Street 19th floor Within New York City More than a half dozen subway lines converge at or near 14 Wall St., as well as MTA bus service, PATH and ferry service. Subway Lines: to the Rector St. Station to the Wall St. Station to the Wall St. Station to the Fulton St. Station to the World Trade Center Station to the Broad St. Station to the Rector St. Station MTA Bus: M5 with a stop on Broadway at Wall St. Also M20, M9, M103, M15 MTA ExpressBus: There are several Express Bus lines from Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx and Staten Island to lower Manhattan. Visit MTA’s for the best route from your address to 14 Wall St. PATH: Port Authority Trans Hudson to the World Trade Center Station Ferry Service: Staten Island Ferry , New York WaterWay , New York WaterTaxi 1 Directions via Public Transportation From Long Island LIRR to Penn Station. Take the or subway to Wall St. and walk west 1 block (toward Trinity Church), a two minute walk to 14 Wall. Or the to Rector Street and walk east two blocks toward Broadway and Wall, then right across from the NYSE, a three minute walk. Alternative is LIRR to Atlantic Ave. Terminal and take the , or the , subways to respective Wall St. stations. From Westchester and Connecticut Take Metro-North to Grand Central Station.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Information – Glossary of Terms Centrifuge. a Perforated
    Market Information – Glossary of Terms Centrifuge. A perforated appliance which spins inside a casing to separate sugar crystals from molasses. Sugar that has come through a centrifuge is centrifugal sugar. Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). Established in 1848, it is the oldest financial futures and options exchange in the world and situated in Chicago, Illinois. In 2007, the Chicago Board of Trade merged with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to form the CME Group. Some its commodity futures prices (such as wheat, soya beans and maize) form the principal world price benchmarks. Contract expiry. The date at which trading a particular futures contract ends and becomes either physically or cash settled. For the New York No. 11 raw sugar contract this is the last trading day of the month prior to the delivery month. For the London No. 5 white sugar contract it is sixteen calendar days before the first day of the delivery month. Free on Board (FOB). A term requiring the seller to deliver goods on board a vessel designated by the buyer. The seller fulfils their obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship's rail. Generally, a seller has an obligation to deliver goods, and assume the costs of delivery to a named place for transfer to a carrier, such as a ship. EU sugar regime. In 2006 a major reform achieved simplification and greater market orientation of the EU's sugar policy. The total EU production quota of 13.5 million tonnes of sugar is divided between nineteen Member States, of which the UK’s share is 1.056mt.
    [Show full text]
  • 150 Bay Street 150 Bay Street ™ 150 Bay Street
    ™ 150 BAY STREET 150 BAY STREET ™ 150 BAY STREET 150 BAY STREET In the Powerhouse Arts District, 150 Bay Street, a landmark loft building listed on the Federal Register of Historic Places, embodies the true artist/luxury loft experience and is the ideal place to work, live and play. Built in 1908 as a warehouse by the architect Howard Chapman, the property was converted to residential, commercial and retail spaces in the 21st century. Interiors feature open floor plans, 14' high ceilings, over-sized windows offering abundant natural light, and historic, architectural detail that all distinguish 150 Bay Street as a premiere luxury loft community to work or live. Further amenities include polished concrete floors and fully equipped kitchens with granite counter tops and brand new appliances to complement spaces that are ideal for entertaining. Conveniently located just minutes from Manhattan via the PATH train or NY Waterway Ferry, and surrounded by burgeoning restaurants, bars and retailers, Jersey City has become a desirable alternative to Manhattan with 150 Bay Street offering all that is needed for a truly modern, luxurious and convenient lifestyle. www.150baystreet.com ™ 150 BAY STREET THE BUILDING Location Bay Street between Provost Road and Marin Boulevard Year Built 1908 Renovations Residential Conversion - 2005; Ground Floor Retail Conversion - 2009 Building Size 203,000 SF Floors 9 plus penthouse, mezzanine, 1 below-grade ™ 150 BAY STREET BUILDING SPECIFICATIONS Location Bay Street between Provost Road Windows Double-insulated,
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of New York City's Financial District
    INFORMATION TECHNOWGY AND WORLD CITY RESTRUCTURING: THE CASE OF NEW YORK CITY'S FINANCIAL DISTRICT by Travis R. Longcore A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Bachelor of Arts in Geography May 1993 Copyright 1993 Travis R. Longcore All Rights Reserved INFORMATION TECHNOWGY AND WORLD CITY RESTRUCTURING: THE CASE OF NEW YORK CITY'S FINANCIAL DISTRICT by Travis R. Longcore Approved: Peter W. Rees, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: Robert Warren, Ph.D. Committee Member from the College of Urban Affairs Approved: Francis X. Tannian, Ph.D. Committee Member from the University Honors Program Approved: Robert F. Brown, Ph.D. Director, University Honors Program "Staccato signals of constant information, A loose affiliation of millionaires and billionaires and baby, These are the days of miracle and wonder. This is a long distance call. " Paul Simon, Graceland iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to recognize and thank Dr. Peter Rees for his guidance on this project. Without the patient hours of discussion, insightful editorial comments, and firm schedule, this thesis would have never reached completion. The author also thanks the University Honors Program, the Undergraduate Research Program and the Department of Geography at the University of Delaware for their financial support. Many thanks are due to the Water Resources Agency for New Castle County for the use of their automated mapping system. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OFTABLES .................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABSTRACT ....................................... .. x Chapter 1 THE CITY IN A WORLD ECONOMY ...................
    [Show full text]