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Vol. 10 DECEMBER, I g I g No. g

Pending Railroad Legislation BY RICHARD WATERMAN Secretary, Railroad Committee Chamber of Commerce of the

Two general railroad bills are now before Requirement that the Commission shall Congress-the Cumnlins bill, S. 3288, drafted divide the country into rate districts and by the Senate Committee on Interstate Com- the railway carriers into rate groups as merce and introduced October 22, 1919, and an aid in cleterming the adequacy of rates the E.sch bill drafted by the House Com- in producing revenues. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce Regulation of all rates that affect inter- and introduced November 8, 1919. The two state commerce, of maximum and minimum bills differ in many important particulars. rates and joint rates and of the division of The Esch bill was passed by the House of joint rates, by the Interstate Commerce Representatives November 17, 1919, but the Commission under a statutory rule provid- Cummins blll is still on the Senate cdendar. ing that the railway carriers as a whole in It will probably be taken up for considcra- each rate-malcing district shall be allowed tion as soon as the regular session of Con- to earn an aggregate annual net railway gress opens , 1919. operating income equal as nearly as may be to 51h 11er cent upon the aggregate value of SENATE COMMITTEE RAILROAD BILL their property; and that they may be al- lowed to retain in addition ?h of l per cent The Cumlnins bill provides for: to pay for non-prod~rctivc improvements Return of all railroad and transportation 1923 systems to corporate ownership and opera- that cannot be capitalized. In and at tion on the last day of the month in which intervals of 5 years thereafter the Inter- the act is approved. state Commerce Commission shall have Consolidation of all railroad properties in authority to increase or decrease the 6% per accordance with a plan previously adopted cent basls. by the Federal Transportation Board and Valuation by the Comlnission of the rnil- approved by the Interstate Commerce Com- way property used for transportation pur- mission into 20 to 35 separate competing poses in each ratomalcing district. systems each owned and opcrated by a dis- Creation by each road of an individw~lre- tinct federal corporation-consolidation to serve fund, drawn from its excess earnings be voluniary if accomplished within 7 years to support its own credit; and creation by and thereafter to he compulsory. a11 lirosperous roads d a general contingent Federal incorporation of all railroads with fund drawn Lrom thew excess earnings to a requirement that each corporation shall support the credit of the railroads of the include in its Board of Directors 2 represen- country as a whole. tatives of classified employes and 2 repre- Provision that the company reserve fuacl sentatives of the Government. may be drawn upon by the carricr whenever Exclusive regulation and control by the its annual net operating income falls below Transportation Board of the issuance of 6 per cent of the value of the property. The stocks or bonds by railway or water com- general railroad contingent fund may be mon carriers; and of the purposes to ~~hichused by the Transgortatioll Board in further- the proceeds of the sale of such securities ing the public service rendered by the car- may be applled. riers either by way of purchase, lease or Continuation of rates that are in effect rental of transportation e~uip,mentand ia- at the termination of federal control umtil cilities to be used by the carriers, or by way changed by competent authority. of loans to the carriers. Provision that new rate schedules flled Cousolidation of all railroads into 20 to with the Commmssion within 60 days after 36 systems (whose capitalization in each in- federal control ceases shall become effective stance shall not exceed the value of the within 4 months after they are so filed if property) so organized that, with uniform agproved by the Commission. rates and under efIicient management, ench SPECIAL LIBRARIES can earn suhtantially the same rate of re- (3) to represent the public interest in turn on the value of its property. hearings before the Commission; Guarantee to all railroads, for 6 months (4) to recommend to Congress from time after federal control ends, of an operating to time such measures and policies as in its income equal to the standard return for the * opinlon will promote and protect the pub- same period paid during federal control. Hc interests; Btension of carrier indebtedness for cap- ital expenditures made by the Government (5) to exercise certain executive and ad- during federal control for a period of 10 ministrative functions now exercised by the years with interest at 6 per cent. Commission including the administration of Creation of 3 Regional Boards of Adjust- (a) the car service act; (b) the safely ap- ment, each composed of 6 members-3 repre- pliance acts; (c) the hours of service act; senting labor and 3 the railway carriers-to (d) the locomotive boiler inspection act, and hear and determine all complaints, griev- others of like character; ances and disputes other than controversies (6) to provide when necessary for the re- relating to wages and working conditions; distribution of traffic and the joint use of with appeal to the Committee of Wages and terminal or other facilities; Working Conditions in case of a deadlock. (7) to exercise exclusive and plenary pow- Creation of a Committee of Wages and er over the issuance of securities by car. Working Conditions composed of 8 members riers; -4 representing labor and 4 the milmy (8) to serve as a Board of final appeal in carriers-to have jurisdiction over contro- hbor controversies; versies respecting wages and working condi- (9) to prepare and publish for the infor- tions of employes; with appeal to the Tmns- lnation of shippers the substance of all portation Board in case of a deadlock. schedules of ocean going common carriers In determining the fairness, justice and showing routes, sailing dates and rates reasonableness of wages and salaries the charged by each carrier; and Board shall take into consideration (a) the scales of wages paid for similar kinds of (10) to exercise other important regula- work in other industries, (b) the relation tory powers belonging to the Federal Gov- between wages and the cost of living, (c) ernment. the hazards of employment, (d) the train- ing and skill required, (e) the degree of HOUSE RAILROAD BILL responsibility, and (f) the character and regularity of the employment. The Esch bill provides for: Declaration that decisions of the Trans- Return of all railroads and systems of portatlon Board, i e., of the Government, transportation to private ownership and shall be final; and that railroad strikes operation on the last day of the month in and lockouts are unlawful. which the act is approved. Consolidation, unification or merger by Maintenance of the Interstate Commerce purchase, lease, stock control or in any Commission with authority other way of any two or more carriers, or (1) to flx interstate rates that shall be the pooling of their tramc's earnings or fa- just, reasonable and adequate; cilities to the extent that the Commission in- (2) to determine the valuation of rail- dicates will be in the public interest. road properties; Federal incorporation opposed because it (3) to prescribe uniform accounting sys- may be unconstitutional and would probably tems for all carriers; entail large expense, litigation and delay. (4) to approve consolidations, and Exclusive and plenary jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission over the (5) to exercise all of the other regula- issuance oC stocks, bonds and other securi- tory fnnctions now exercised by the Com- ties by any common carrier, the purpose of mission excepting those transferred to the any proposed issue and the use of the pro- new Transportation Board. ceeds thereof. Creation of a Transportation Board com- Contmuation of rates that are in effectWat posed or 6 members appointed by the Presi- the termination of federal control until dent: changed by competent authority. (10) to prepare and adopt a complete plan Creation of regions for incorporation, ad- for consolidation subject to the approval of ininistratlon and rate making parposes op- the Commission; posed because it would limit competition (2) to make inquiry continuously con- and would make rate making based on aver. cerning (a) the transportation facilities and age conditions of carriers within a .given service of the whole country and when and region an impossible task. how they should be improved; (b) the state Regulation of all rates that affect inter- of the cred~tof all common carriers; and state cosmmerce, of maximum and minimum (c) the new capital which the public inter- rates and joint rates, and of the division of est may require any carrier to secure; joint rates, by the Interstate Commerce SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Co~nnlissionunder the provisions of section portation needs, facilities and services of 16 of the Act to Regulate 'Commerce as thus the carriers; amended, without defining a new rule of (2) to authorize the unification, consolida- rate-making. tion or merger of 2 or more carriers when- Valuation by the Commission of all prop ever the Commission flnds such consolida- erty owned or used by every common car- tions to be in the public interest, and also rier (as provided in Section 19a of the Act to authorize the pooling of trafic earnings to qegulate Commerce) and facilities; Cration by the Government of a $250,000,- (3) to exercise jurisdiction over the use, 000 revolving fund from which carriers may control and supply as well as the rnoveueu, obtain, during the flrst two years of re- distribution and interchange of locomotives sumed private operation, loans bearing 6 per and cars and also the supply, movement and cent interest and maturing in 6 years. operation of trains; Consolidation of two or more railroads (4) to prohibit the extension of present permitted whenever the Commission decides lines or the construction or acquisition of that it will be in the interest of better serv- new lines by any carrier until it has obtained ice or economy of operation. from the Commission a certificate of public Guarantee to all railroads, including short necessity and convenience; lines and express companies, for 6 months (5) to require the construction of docks after federal control ends, of an operating and rail connect~onsbetween rail and water income equal to the standard return for the carriers; same period paid during federal control on (G) td provide when necessary for the re- condition that carriers claiming the guaran- distribution of trafllc; and for the joint use ty shall make application for any general of terminals; rate increase desired within 60 days after (7) to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over the return of the carriers to private control. the issuance of securities by carriera; Extension of carrier indebtedness to the (8) to order a carrier to install automatic Governm~nt,after the rental owned by the train stop or train control devices; and Government has been settled, for a period (9) to exercise other important regulatory of 16 years at 6 per cent interest. powers belonging to the Federal Govern- Creation of three boards of adjustment, ment. each authorized to hear and decide all con- troversies between the railroads and certain VIEWS OF BUSINESS ME'N classes of their employes with regard to wages, hours of service and conditions of The preparation of the Esch and the Cum- employment; and three commissions on la- mins bills has involved an enormous amount bor disputes to make final decisions on all of labor on the part of the Interstate Com- mattars referred to them by the three boards merce Committees of both branches of of adjustment- Congress. For months at a time these Committees hzve held daily hearings and Board of Adjustment No. I, composed of listened to advocates of almost every con- eight members, four representing the engi- ceivable plan for the future disposal of the neers, firemen, conductors and trainmen, and railroads. The Chamber of Commerce of the four representing the railroad executives. United States has been able to be of direct Com,mission on Labor Disputes No. 1, com- assistance to the two Congressional Com- posed of eight members similarly chosen. mittees in this work, flrst by formulating Board of Adjustment No. 2, composed of certain definite principles of railroad legis- twelve members, six representing the ma- lation, and then by submitting these princi- chinists, boiler-makers, blacksmithe, carmen, pled to a referendum vote of the business sheet-raetal workers and electrical workers, men of the country. and six representing the executives. The following is a summary of the nine Commission on Labor Disputes No. 2, com- principles approved by the business men in posed of twelve members similarly chosen. Referendum 28 of the Chamber of Com- Board of Adjustment No. 3, composed of merce. All of these nine principles have eight members, four representing the teleg- been incorporated in the Senate bill and raphers, switchmen, clerks, and way and six of the nine in the House bill. The nine shop laborers, and four representing the ex- principles are: ecutives. (1) Adherence to the policy of corporate Commission on Labor Disputes No. 3, com- ownership and operation with comprehen- posed of eight members similarly chosen. sive government regulation. (Senate and Maintenance of the Interstnte Commerce IIouse bills.) Commission, with 11 instead of 9 members, (2) Return of the roads to corporare and with authority to exercise all of its pres- operation as soon as remedial legislation can ent functions and in addition be enacted. (Senate and House bills.) (1) to keep itself infornlcd as to the trans- (3) No extension of the period of fedcsal SPECIAL LIBRARIES control as now Axed. (Senate and House vision for notice and hearings for state au- bills.) thorities (Senate and House bills.) (4) Permission for consolidation in the (7) ~eaeralregulation of interstate rates public interest, with prior approval ,by gov- affecting interstate commerce. (Senate and ernment authority (Senate and House bills) House bills.) in a limited nunlber of strong competing sys- (8) Adoption of a statutory rule providing tems. (Senate bill.) that rates in each tramc section shall yield (5) Requirement that railroad comwnies an adequate return on a fair value of the engaging in interstate commerce become property as determined by public authority. federal corporations with rights of taxation (Senate bill.) and police regulation reserved for the states. (9) Creation of a Federal Transportation (Senate bill.) Board to promote the development of a ((5) Exclusive federal regulation of capital national system of rail, water and highway expenditures and security issues of railroads transportation and the articulation of all engaged in interstate commerce with pro- transportation facilities. (Senate bill.)

The Handling of Troops During the Great War

The Troop Movement Section, Division another camp to meet the needs of the of Operation, United States Railroad Admin- service. istrat~onhas had exclusive charge of this 5. The movement of men from the camps to work since the beginning of Pedernl control Ports of Embarkation. and, under the different designations, han- dled it for the railroads prior to that time. 6. The movement of the discharged men, The prompt, emcient and safe movement who had not been sent abroad, to their of troops has been a first consideration home stations, after the s~gningof the throughout and nothing has been permitted armistice to interfere with it. 7. The movement of the men from the To September 30th, 1919, there have been Ports upon their return to this coun- moved a total of 15,559,918 men, involving try to their camps for discharge and the equivalent of nearly seven billion miles after discharge to their home stations. of travel by one passenger. 8. The movement of the sick and wounded The average is 636,549 men per month; froin the Ports to the val*ious hospitals the monthly maximum was reached in July, throughout the country. 1918, when 1,147,013 men were moved. In addition to these there has been a con. There have been 25,676 special trains stant stream of recrwts moving from depots pperated-the monthly~maxin~,um was 2,065 to camps and continuous movements of trains in July, 1918. bodies of organized troops to camps or ports. These special trains averaged: On April lst, 1917, the Regular Army num- 426 men per train bered 133,000 men, with possible war 761 miles traveled per train strength of 250,000. 21 mlles per hour (time over all) The National Guard numbered approxi- 12 cars per train. mately 150,000 but after recruiting the num- A total of 293,770 passenger cars (includ- ber actually moved was 343,223 men. ing sleeping cars), 22,956 baggage cars and There were called to the colors approxi- 25,719 special height cars for troop impedi- mately 4,000,000 men (including the draft menta, total 342,446 cars have been used, men sent to Colleges for technical training ) The movement of the Regular Army to In- Classification of Troop Movements crement camps was performed with great ease by reason of the relatively small num- The movement of troops with their impedi- ber of men involved and their experience in menta and of selective draft men and re- travel. cruits may be generally divided as fallows: Immediately after the declaration of War, 1. The lnovement of the Regular Army to quite a large number of National Guard its Increnlent camps. were moved to guard the railroad bridges, 2. The movement of the Nahonal Guard to tunnels, ammunition plants and large indus. its camps. tries engaged in war work. There were established sixteen canton- 3. The movement of the National Army ments at which the National Guard were fi- from their homes to their canton- nally assembled, in some cases necessitating ments. long journeys, as fot illustration, from the 4. The movement of men from one camp to States of North Dakota and Minnesota, on SPECIAL the Canadian border, to Camp Cody, Deming. New Mexico, on the Mexican border; also from Washington and Oregon to Camp Greene, Charlotte, North Carolina. In moving the National Guard to their cantonments, it necessitated elaborate sched- ules and train movements being planned to flrst bring a regiment together, before de- parting on its long journey to the Southern Ahost lnlm

charged from the camps at which they were There are four complete hospital trains of located, being given cash allowance for their seven cars each, with a kitchen car with ca-. travel home. pacity to prepare special meals required for Daily lists were prepared in advance of as many as 250 men. the men to be discharged showing their des- In addition there are prodded twenty new tinations, ticket oftices were established in unit cars each with kitchen facilities to feed the camps and all necessary arrangements 260 people, and which are used in connection were made for extra equipment on regular with trains made up of Pullman cars. trains and special trains for their prompt There are also seventeen Pullman private and comfortable movement. cars with kitchens, and 160 Pullman sleeping Plans were also made for the early return cars, making a total of 216 specially assigned of troops from overseas. The overseas re- cars for this service. turn movement up to September 30th, 1919, Every possible consideration is given thd was 1,965,676, the largest number having been movement of these sick and wounded men. reached in the month of June, 1919, 342,686, Solid trains have been run from New and which exceeds by practically 36,000 the York as far as Camp Kearny, California, greatest number sent overseas in any one and Camp Lewis, Washington, which move- month. ments were given publicity through the Upon the arrival of these returned men at press and on the picture screens. the American Ports, they are immediately The maximum amount of equipment sent to the camps in the vicinity thereof, and which has been available or required for after proper sanitary conditions are applied, troop movements at any one time is ag medical examinations 'and proper records proximately as follows: made, they are promptly transported to the 1500 Pullman sleeping cars camps nearest their homes for demobiliza- 2500 coaches tion. 600 baggage and express cars In the movements from the Port camps, On September 30th, 1919, approximately arrangements are frequently made for pa- 90 per cent or 3,675,000 men have been re rade enroute, which naturally slows up the leased from service and returned to their transportation movements. homes. Of the sick and wounded, there have been There were still in Europe or on the sea a -total of 160,000 men moved from the ports enroute home approximately 35,000 men. to the various hospitals, etc., throughout the There have been on the sea enroute home country, and for which most careful prepa- over 170,000 at one time. rations and the best possible service have Total number still in service approximate. been arranged. ly 360,000 men.

Cooperation Among Railroads HAROLD A. MATTICE Reference Librarian, Bureau of Railway Economics

When the Railroad Administration en- The early roads were not in competition tered upon its duties it fwnd the railroads and paid little attention to each other. Each of the country already operating practically served a limited territory and there were as one system, and its activities have been few junction points. When lines began to malnly along lines forbidden by law to the meet there were at flrst no arrangements carriers themselves. How over 850 com- for the through routing of freight or passen- panies operating 250,000 miles of line came gers, and no line was under any obligation to b,e so united that it is possible to ship to do anything for any other. For example, through freight or buy a through ticket from in the early fifties there were ten lines be- almost any point in the country to any tween Albany and Buffalo. Conductors were other, according to a rate set forth in print, changed at each junction, and in some cases is the story of cooperation among business it was impossble to buy a through ticket. rivals. The result was not accomplished in The evils of unrestricted competition were a day. and has cost much money and effort, not long in appearing, and all the familiar but the roads were forced to it by the ruin- symptoms were evident at once A perusal ous result of competition wherever it was of the eight days' deliberations of the rep- unchecked, and by the proven value of co- resentatives of nineteen New Ebgland roads operation. If railroad men had not learned in Eloston, Dec. 1850-Jan. 1851, leaves Httle this lesson nothing like our present system to be learned about the subject from later coilld ever have come into existence. records. The familiar charges of rebating SPECIAL LIBRARIES were exchanged; secret rebating to small country was Poor and over-supplied with shippers in. the form of free drayage, open railroads. In consequence there was ruin- rebating to large shipgers, with the added ous comPetiti0,n and the roads became prac- information that the practice had been tically valueless to their owners. There was brought from . The familiar reme universal rebating and ratecutting in spite dies were proposed, rate agreements and the of some a.Wenlents between managers, pooling of traffic and proflts. made, it has bee,n said, “with the purpose There were other conventions that dis- merely of Practicing deception upon each cussed other matters of common interest. other." After several attempts at a general On Aug. 24-26, 1862, there was a general plan, a working agreement was reached in railroad conliention at Springfield, Masa., to 1873 by the lines competing between consider uniforni train rules, exchange of and the seaboard. This was the Southern reports, timetables, and like matters. The Railway and Steamship Association, soon to Ohio railroad convention met annually in include about thirty companies. Its leader the early flfties and was deeply interested was Mr. Albert Fink, one of the greatest of in the abuse of passes. Several important our railroad men. The example of this or- conventions met in 1863 in cities of New ganization strongly influenced the whole York state, which resulted in improved ar- movement in t'his country. Its success was rangements for through tickets among forty- due to an adequate structure and to the fact eight roads, and in the establishment of that its officers had authority to enforce the what was, probably the flrst union ticket rules. omce, ht,the corner of Broad and Spring The object of the association was so to streets,, New York, on May flrst, 1863. A control competition as to stop rebates and conyention waa held at on Nov. rate-cutting with their disasterous results. 28, 1864,,by the representatives of thirty-one Traffic was in the hands of the executive roads. Joint tariffs and classifications were committee, and there were sub-committees made .puplic, together with an interesting for special lines of work. For involved dis- plea for an advance in rates. putes there was a board of three perma- The next really important step was the nent arbitrators. Each carrier had a flxed coahtion of many small roads into systems proportion of business assigned to it. Any during the early fifties. The New York Cen- execess of receipts was turned into the gen- tral consolidated eleven lines in 1863, and eral fund after a small deduction for serv- the Pennsylvania followed a similar devel- ices This fund was divided proportionally. opment. As was to be expected, the inter- so that those roads profited who had not re- ests of these large lines soon came into col- ceived thcir share of traffic. Healthy com- Ilsion, and the situation became accute when petition continued in the matter of getting the New York Cehtral; the Pennsylvania, business by fair methods, since a line mak- the Erie and the t Omhio obtained ing an advance one year could claim a larger through lines from the middle west to the share the next. The trend of rates was gen- Atlantic seaboard, and. began to compete erally downward, and in this, as in improved for the vast ne-w business. In 1864, accord- service, the public was the gainer. An early ing to President Thomson of the Pennsyl- o,ffshoot was the Southern Passenger Asso- vania, "a fre'e interchange of opinions took ciation, wliich has always been closely as- place" with a view to "preventing rr~inous sociated with the older organization. Not competition." In 1858 he reported that an the least of the accomglishments of the agreement had been signed by the presi- Southern Railway and Steamship Associa- dents of the four trunk lines tion mas the Southern Classification, uni- In these agreements is to be seen the form for the territory south of the Potomac origin of the modern traffic association, but and Ohio and east of the Mississippi. it was not until 1870 that a successful one In the seventies and eighties there mas a was established. This was the so-called great extension of the traffic associations, Omaha pool, formed by the Northwestern, and practically every road was drawn into the Rock Island and the Burlington. These one or more of them. This period is also evenly-matched rivals found themselves in the stormy one in onr transportation his- c~m~petitionfor the trafRc between Chicago tory. Ratewars were frequent and disas- and Omaha, and realizing that a rate war terous. nnd rebating a common evil. From would be disasterous, decided to divide the all of this it might be deduced that the business. A money-pool was formed; the traffic associations were a failure, but the traffic was divided as evenly as possible, influence of the associalions were always each road retaining about half the proceeds. against these things, and as they grew The remainder went into the general fund stronger the evils decreased. How much for equal distri~bution. This organization worse thinqs might have been but for the continued until 1882, when it became part of restraint from coooerative effort no one the Western F'reight Association. ]mows. During all this period of turmoil the The next development was in the sonth railroad men were learning the advantages Progress was slow after the Civil War; the of consulting the common interest. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

With the passage of the Interstate Com- Commission insists that every distinction merce Act in 1887 the traffic associations must be for a dsfin~tereason based on the were forced to enter upon an entirely new service required. The interstate traffic of course. The Anti-Trust Law ant1 decisions the whole country is under three clagsifica- of the courts compelled still further changes. tions, the Official, the Southern and the All pools and rate-agreements became ille Western. As a service to carriers and shlp- gal practices, but the usefulness of the asso- pers there is hardly a more valuable result ciations increased rather than diminished. of cooperation. It may be asked why co- The alinost incredible amount of railroad operation is not carried a step further and law on the statute, boolrs, together with the the three reduced to one. The answer 1s supervisory activities ol: the Interstate Com- found in the fact that products and the merce Commission and the numerous state practices of shippers in the three sections commissions, has brought about a situation are so different that unification would serve too complex for the railroads to cope with no useful purpose, though the subject has its individuals. The associations have un- been carefully considered dergone complete reorganization, but their The technical associntions have had an activities have broadened to include practi- influence that is hard to measure. Officials cally everything that has to do with rail- interested in every important specimalty have roads. formed societies which hold meetings, ex- The modern associations fall into four change views, and publish the,ir proceedings main classes: freight and passenger, classi- and technical papers. In this way the heat fication, car-service, ,and technical. ideas are constantly being made public and The freight and passenger associations circulated. A strong influence is always at are classed together because they function work toward the best and most economical in a similar manner. The members bind practices. The American Railway Associa- the,muelves to notify each other through the tion, the best known of these societies, has association of any contemplated change in recently amalgamated with seven technical rates or rules. and to give opportunity for organizations to form the new American exchlange of opinion. Each road is abso- Railroad Association. It is expected that by lutely free to make any changes it sees fit, thus unifying efforts greater cooperation and there is no authority to compel agree- may be obtained. ment on any subject. Besides serving as a clearing-house for the exchange of opinion, It is hoped that in this very .supe~flcial the offlcers of the association compile and consideration of the large subject of railroad publish the joint-tariff books. These are cooperation some idea has been given of distributed to the members and to shippers. the results so far obtained, and of their im- The classification associations compile and portance to one of the most vital of our in- publish lists showing every conceivable ar- dustries. We seem to be a.bout to begin a ticle that can be shipped, each in its proper new chapter of our rallroad histoy, and all class. Continual revision and enlargement depends on legislation now pending in Con- is necessary, and the Interstate Commerce gress.

The Progress of Transportation by Rail As Shown in Contemporary Documents COMPILED BY ELIZABETH 0. CULLEN Of the Bureau of Railway Economics Library The first railroads were built to facilitate One and three-ouarters centuries later tho hauling of coal from mines to the River occl~rredthe first discussion or the railroad Tyne in England. prohlem in Amer~ca. 1630. ". . .The manner of carriage is, by 1805 ". . .It has, however, occurred to laying rails of timber from the colliery down me, that a few remarlis upon rail roads might to the river exactly straight and parallel, not be unacceptable to you, especially as the and bulky carts are made with four rowlets public attention has heen often called to this fitting these rails, whereby the carriaye is so sort of imln-ovenlent, and the public mind easy that one horse will draw some four or filled with very imperfect conceptions of its flve chaldron of coals, and is an immense utility. . . .The astonishing loads drawn upon benefit to the coal merchants. . . " rail roads by sinole horses in England, have From Roger North's L~feof induced many oP our citizens to hope for Lord Keeper G~~llford,1676 their early application to the use of our SPECIAL LIBRARIES

country. I fear this hope is vain, excepting arteries of such a system of conimunication on a very small scale, and that chiefly in the would by no means be a work of time.. . coal country near Richmond. For it is evi- Rewiring no suiiply of water-no precision dent that upon a rail road no other carriage and accuracy in leveling, the work could be but that which is expressly constructed for cominenced and carrled on in various parts; the purpose can be employed,-and that to it8 progress would be rapid and its comple. render a rail road suftlciently saving of the t1on could be ascertained with certainty.. . expense of common carriage, to justify the The celerlly of coinnlunication it mould cost of its erection, there must be a very afford with the distant sections of our wide great demand for its dse. But the sort of extended empire, is a iaonsideration of the produce which is carried to our marlrets is utmmost moment. To the rapidity of the mo. collected from such scattered poinls, and tion crf a steam carriage on these railways comes by such a diversity of routes, that rail no deflnite limit can be set.. I can see roads are out oP the question as to the car- nothing to hinder a steam carriage from riage of common articles. Rail roads lead- ~novingon these mays with R velocity of ing from the coal mines to the margin of the one hundred miles an hour.. . It is probable James River, might answer their expense, or that it may not in practice be convenient to others from the marhle quarries near Phila- esceled twenty or thirty miles per hour. Ac. delphia to the Schuyllrill. But these are the tual experiments, however, can alone deter- only instances within my knowledge, in mine the matter, and I should not be sur- which they at present might be employed. prised at seeing steam-carri'ages probelled There is, however, a use for rail roads as at the rate of forty or fifty miles an hour . . a temporary means of overconling the most In s military point of view, the advantages difficult parts of artificial navigation, and resulting from the e~tab~lishmentof these for this use they are invaluable, and in many railways and steam carriages would be in- instances offer the means of accomplishing calculable. It would render at once our distant lines of communication which might frontiers on exery side invulnerable Arrnlas otherwise remain impracticable, even to our could be conveyed in twenty-four hours a national resources, for centuries to come." greater distance than it mould now take B. H. Latrobe, in postcript to a them weeks, or perhaps months, to march. . . letter to Albert Gallatin, Secre- Whatever Constftulional doubts may he taiy of the Treasury, U. S. A., entertained res~ectingthe power of Con- March 16, 1808. Letter printed gress to cut and form canals, there can be in gall at in'^ Report on internal nono about the power to lay out and make imqrovements, April 12, 1808. roads.. ." A gentlen~anfrom Hoboken argues for the John Stevens, in Documents adoption of steam railroads in the improve- Tending to Prove the Superior ment of internal communications in America. Advantages of Railways and 1812. ". . .So many and so important Steam Carriages Over Canal are the advantages which these states would Navigation. New York, 1812. derivs from the general adol~tionof the pro- The first American railroad llroject mecta posed railways, that they ought, in my hurn- with success. ble opinion, to become an object of grimary 1827-1830. ". . .The government of I he attention to the national government. The United States justly appreciating the lm- insignificant sun1 of two or three thousand portance of this enterprise, have extended dollars would be adecluate. to give the project t.o it a. most liberal patronage. Several able a fair trial. . . imd eficient ~nembersoi the Topographical But the attention of the general govern- Corps have been rletaclied to the services Of ment is urged moae impesatively to this ob- the company. Thesc oficers have examined ject, from the consideration of its great na- various routes from the city of Baltinlore to tional importance in a fiscal point of view. the valley of the Potonlac, and along that If any reliance can be placed on the calcu- ravine ns far as Cumberland. They are now lations T have made, the revenue which this engaged in a general reconnaissance of the mode of transportation, when brought into country between the Potomac and Ohio general use, would be capable of produchg, rivers, and are expected to return ill a few would far exceed the aggregate amount of weeks, prepared to lay before the board the duties on foreign importations. . result of their labors. Should a chief engi- The far greater part or dornestic corn-' Ileer by that time have been engaged, the merce consists of bulky articles, many oP board entertain the hope, that they will soon which now pay fifty per cent, on transportn- after, be ready to commence the actual 10~9- tion to market. By the introduction of the tion and construction of the road proposed railways, nine-tenths at least of The directors take great pIeasure in ac- this enormous tax would in many instances knowledging the general approbalion and be saved. and the expense of transportation good will with which this enterprise is re- redaced from flfty to flve per cent. garded throughout the country . . They The extension and completion of the main have received comn~unicationsfrom almost- 246 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

.every district between this city and Ohio, Among the earliest advocates of "Safety as well as. from many parts of that flo,urish- Firet" on railroads was the Quarter- ing state, giving assurances of a cordial de ly review. sire to afford the company every aid and 1826. "What can be more palpably support; and of a general willingness on the absurd and ridiculous than the prosg~ctheld part of landholders, to relinquish the ground out of locomotives travelling twice as fast necessary for the road, free of cost. as stage-coaches! We should as soon ex- In conclusion, the board feel a high satis- pect the people of Woolwich to suffer them- faction in stating, as the result of all the selves to be fired off upon one of Congreve's information and experience they have yet ricochet rockets, as trust the~nselvesto the acquired, that their confidence in the prac- mercy of such a machine, going at such a ticability of the Rail Road, 'einains unabated, rate . . . . . We trust that Parliament will, and that they believe the most sanguine cal- in all railways it may sanction, limit the culations of its importance and utility, speed to eight or nilbe miles an hour, which whether the object be regarded with refer- we entlrely agree with Mr. Sylvester is as ence to its national anrl local advantages, great as can he ventured on with wfety." or, its profits to the stoclcholdcrs, will be Quarterly review, March, 1826. reaheecl " Despite the Quarterly's scepticism as to From First Annual Report of their utility, Chief Engineer Knight of the the Directors to the Stoclchold- B. & 0 t~dol~teclsteam engines as the lnotive ers of the Baltimore and Ohlo power of that road. Railroad Company, October 1, 1830 "Experience, with regard to the 1827. celerity of the conveyance of passengers during the preceding four months on the ". ..At the time of their flrst and second first 13 miles of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail annual reports, the Board were engaged in Road, is of the inost cheering and convmcing obtaining preparatory information, and malr. character The practicability of maintain- ing the necessary arrangements for com- ing a speed of 10 miles per hour with hosses mencing tho conslruc,tion of the road. The has been exhibited.. .The load for a horse third annual re~~ortfound them employed on the Rail Way, will be one car carrying 25 in overcoming tlie great, and, in the opinion passengers, w~tha relay every six or seven of many, insnrmountaMe obstacles which miles had occurred upon the sections between the ...... city of Baltimore and the Patapsco rirer. Within the last few months, the Improve- The present veport will convey to the Stock- nienls in Locomotive Steam Engines have holders the gratilying information, that all been such as to insure their general use on these difficulties have been subdued; and ali Rail Ways of sultable grnduation.. . . that the company, as well as the community, With locomotives, the transportation of are now in the enjovment of the profitable c.ommodities may proceed with the same and useful results which have followed the veloc~tyas the conveyance of persons with conlpletion of the firfit division of the road. very little, if any increased expense.-This It is. therefore, with feelings of highest sat- arrangement will add immensely to the isfaction. that the Board submit their capacity of the road, while it will greatly 1Pourth Annual Report...... lessen the number of engines, wagons, and The flrst division oC tlie road was opened men, necessary to be employed. The move- for the trnnsportatlon of passengers on the ment lnay be from 10 to 15 lniles per hour. 22d 01 May 1830...... but the preparation so as to average 10 miles including all stop of the necessary Cars was not effected until pages...... " the early part of June following, from From Engineer's Report (Jona- which time, the travelling upon this division, than Knight, Chief Engineer) including a distance of about 13 miles, has included in Fourth Annual Re- been constnnt and uninterrupted; and, on port. . .of the Baltimore and the Arst of October there had been received Ohio Rail Road Company, 1830. twenty thousand and twelve dollars and Early railroad operation and Improve- thirty-six cents, although but a single track ments in New York State. was completed, and the company were not 1832. "Yesterday evening the passen- in a situation, until within a short time gers on this road were brought down the past, to undertake the transportation of any Inclined plane to Franklin street, and during merchandise or produce, and are still unable the remainder of the season, they will start to convey one-te:th part of the quantity that from that place. The inclined plane is about is offered...... three-fourths of a mile long, and the cars From the Fourth Annual Re- pass it in about four minutes. The corn- port of the President and pany has erected a large house to shelter Directors to the Stoclrholders the cars, and an omce at the termination, of the Baltimore and Ohio and made a good road to that point for hacks Railroad Company, October 11, aud coaches. The English Engine is doing 1830. all the business, the American has not yet SPECIAL LIBRARIES

been used, but will be in a few days. The possible fncillty should be afforded to their passengers are taken across the road for commercial interests. . . ." five shillings each, and they average four to From Annual report of the Di- five hundred a day.-This rate will give rection of the Soubh Carolina about fourteen per cent. on the capital." Canal and Rail Road C'o~npany, Article in Amerlcan Railroad May 6th, 1834. Journal, for May 19, 1832, dated And "down in the Boutb" two years later, Albany, May 15.-Mohawk Rail- influential citizens argued: Build a railroad road [i. e. Mohawk and Hud- through to the Northwest and preserve son railroad 1 slaves! "Down in the South" was built the first 1836. ". ..The charter declares, that it American railroad thnt actually began oper- shall run through South Carolina, North ations with steam locomotives. Carolina, Tennessee and Kentucky, having 1834. ". . .In the motive power of the ~tssouthern termillus on the ocean at Company, the stockholders recommended a Charleston, and the northern point, before it branches, between the Cumberland moun- gradual increase; and the Direction have in tains and Kentucky river; and thence ex- conformity, ordered four English Steam tending to Maysville, Cincinnati and Loufs- Cars, in addition to those last reported, mak- ville...... , . , ing in all eight English Engines, received . ..At Cincinnati, we shall unite with a under contract. Of those contracted for at Rail Road leading to S,pringfield, and thence thnt time all have been received, except two to Sanduslry, anti thus-there will be in this En~lishEngines, constructed by Mr. E. direction a continuous line OF Rail Road from Berry, and they may #beexpected shortly as the Atlantic Ocean to Lalre Erie. On the they were to have been shipped on the 10th road from Lexington to Louisville, a lateral of April. . . branch of 20 miles to Madison would con- The Road having been completed in nect ours with the Rail Road from that place to Lalre Michigan...... The two great Lalres November last, and none of the new steam and the extensive regions around them, al- cars having been then received, the Direc- though one thousand miles from the south- tion were under the painful necessity of de- ern Atlantic, will thus be connected with it clining the rich harvest of freight, which at Charlcston...... was urged on them at that time. Even the The striking peculiarity of our road is still more profitable transportation of Pas- that, unlike all those which unite the East sengers was lost in a great degree by the and West, it will embrace every variety of same circumstance, and by the unflnished, climate and production (except sugar,) and unfurnished condition of Public Houses which blesses our wide oxtended country. along the line of Road. . . It is, therefore, capable of sustaining a vast In August last, a letter was written to the internal trade, in agricultural exchanges, Post Office Department, in WBshington, offer- and in time of war, would be more produc- ing to transport the mails. . No answer was tive than in. time of peace. It would then returned to this offer, and on the 5th of also possess this additional advantage, that April another letter was written recalling when the Northwest has become an exten- that offer. In consequence of this, an appli- sively manufacturing country, to which it is cation from the Post ,Oflice Department, has fast advancing, our road would be the chan- been received, calling for proposals, and al- nel of exclusive supply to the South of these though, the tenor of that communication, is articles, when a hostile fleet might prevent not in/accordance with the character and their importation from the North and advantages of the conveyance tendered; still East ...... the confident belief is entertained that an I have thus far conflned myself to the arrangement must ere long be efeected commercial advantages of this road. A which will be alike advantageous to the more enlarged view would embrace its Company, to the government, and to the social and golitical relations. Rut want of community. The Company now sends an tinie compels rue to leave these to the sug- express daily from one commercial city to gestion of your own minds, except in one another, distant 136 miles, in 12 hours, and particular...... It Is the influence thls road that in the day time. The daily papers of will have in securing the stability of the this city, are sent by this conveyance, but institutions peculiar to the South. The merchants' letters of the utmost importance Northwest can have no foreign commerce, to them in business, are not less than two but through other parts of the union:.and days going under contract. Letters are from her peculiar situation and the char- sometimes lost, and the mail robbed in its acter of her climate and soil, she must be present course. No such losses can be pos- dependent for her prosperity and wealth sible, when the mail is carried by a steam chiefly on her agriculture...... The Bouth- car, guarded by a host of passengers and ern States, Prom the character of their labor attendants. The community have a right and the nature of their great staple produc- to expect from the government, that every tions must continue planting States, in SPECIAL LIBRARIES

which it will be more for their interests as on reference to the said act will more ...... to buy them provisions, than to raise fully appear. them. It is in the Southern States, there- And whereas, negotiations have hereto- fore, that the Northwest will always flnd fore been entered into by and between the her best and often her only market...... said several companies, for the purpose of This is known and felt throughout the whole effecting their consolidation into a single region of the .Northwest. Dvery farmer corporation as authorized by the said act of there understands that his prosperity de- the Legislature, and the same has been pends on finding an outlet to the South for agreed upon, on the terms and conditions the produce of his farm. And he feels and hereinafter mentioned and contained. knows, that when abolitionism has swept Now, therefore, this agreement made by over this region...... the sources of his and between the several companies above wealth, will be dried up. The people of tho named, under and in virtue of the authority Northwest are too well informed to doubt conferred upon them by the act of the Leg. on the subject. Any attempt to disturb the islature aforesaid, Witnesseth, That the said present state of things, whether it 1s to end several companies herein before named, do as it most likely will, in a severance of the agree, and each for itself severally doth union, or in emancipation, mill give the hereby agree, that the several companies or death-blow to their prosperity...... bodies shall be consolidated into and form It is to the Northwest, therefore that the one corporation, under the name of .South must look for steady support when the hour of trial comes, and there she may THE NEW YORK CENTRAL RAIL ROAD look wit.1 confidence...... COMPANY, The M~ssissippialready, opens a channel Which shall continue ,for the term of five of mutual exchanges between the Northwest hundred years from its commencement. and the South, which has done much to bind From Agreement between the the two people together and render more Albany and Schenectady Rail secure our peculiar inst~tntions. But "to Road, the Schenectady and Troy make the assurance doubly sure" our road Rail Road, [and others] where. is wanted...... Make it...... and you have by said companies are consoli- bound the Northwest still stronger to you, dated into one corporation, and may rest assured, that your institution6 under the name of '"The New are secure, your property safe, and that your York Central Rail Road Com- repose will not be disturbed.. pany. . . ." Albany, Joel Munsell, . . . ." 1863. From Address of Dol, A. Bland- ing, to the citizens of Cliarles- Railroads in the Civil War 1861-1865. "...The recent war, whilst ton convened in town meeting, it taxed to the utmost. the cauacities of the on the Louisville, Cincinnati railroads in the united stat&, interposed and Charleston Rail Road. obstructions very naturally to the opening Columbia, S. C., May 14t11, 1836 of new routes, and suspended action upon Enter-the era of consolidation. many that were in the course of conetruc- 1853. "Agreement made this seven- tion,. . . teenth day of Nay, in the year one thousand The Southern roads were worlied with eight hundred and fifty-three, Between the prodigious energy, and without them the Albany and Schenectady Rail Road Company, war, on the scale that it was conducted, the Schenectady and Troy Rail Road Conl- woudd have been ixnpradticable. But two or pany, the Utica and Schenectady Rail Road three short routes were opened during the Company, tbe Mohawk Valley Rail Road Com- pressure of hostilities, and, in the conflict pany, the Syracuse and Utica Rail Road Com- of the armies, most of the roads were more pany, the Syracuse and Utica Direct Rail Road or less torn up or destroyed, and all of them Company. tho Rochester and Syracuse Rail came out 01 the struggle with greatly im- Road Company, the Buffalo and Rochester paired means, with deficient tracks and Rail Road Company, the Rochester, Locl~port worn out iron, with exhaustion of locomo- and Niagaw Falls Rail Road Company, and tives and cars. The wonder is, that the the Buffalo and Lockport Rail Road Com- roads were enabled to work so long, cut pany, all bodies corporate existing under the off as the country was from all external laws of the State of New Yorlr. means of repalr and supply. The energy Whereas, by an act of the Legislature of which kept them at work amld the Hercul- the said State of New York, passed on the ean discouragements that existed, is one of second day of April, gne thou~sand eight the miracles of . That energy was hundred and fifty-three, entitled "an act to not exhausted with the war. It is mani- authorixe the consolidation of certain rail festing itself in a thousand forms today, road companies," tho several companies and from Virginia to Texas every road is IL~OV~!named or any two or more of them being rapidly restored, and repaying the were thereby authorized at any time to con- efforts of the Companies with the most solidate such companies into a single cor- splendid results.. . ." poration, In the manner therein mentioned, DeB'ow's review, vol. 1, March, 1866. SPECIAL LIBRARlES

A few chapters on Pacific Railroads. The few difficult points, such as the Pass of 1848. 'I. . .I believe it is pretty gener- the Guadalupe and Hueco mountains, and ally known that I have devoted four years the passes between the Rio Grande and Gila, exclusively to the subject of a railroad from mould delay the work but an inconsiderable Lake Michigan to the Pacific Ocean. . . That ueriod. I have explored and examined more than 800 This peculiarity of the ground presents miles of the route. . . and that a great part another advantage in the fact that tempo- of the country over which I passed had rary tracks could be laid upon the natural never before been traversed except by sav- sulrfacc of the earth to almost any extent, ages. . .and now Mr. Benton says that niy to serve for the transportation of materials 'surveys have extended only from one end of and supplies. this Capitol to the other.'. . . The climate on this route is such ae to I have shown to the people the plan and cause less interruption to the worlc than on simplo way this great work might be a* any other route. complished; have explained its great im- Not only is this the shortest and least portance and vast results; and now it ap- costly route to the Paciflc, but it is the short- pears that there are members of Congress, est and cheapest route to , the who have not even read the bill. It is evl- greatest commercial city on our western dent Mr. Benton has not from his violent coast; wh'ile the aggregate length of railroad opposition to that which is not proposed in lines connecting it at its eastern terminus the bill. . . with the Atlantic and Gulf seaports ia less . . .With the failure of this bill, Oregon, than the aggregate connection with any California, and all the Nora Paciflc Coast, other route. . . . ." must ,be a separate, independent nation. But Jefferson Davis, secretary of could our intcrests be united by drawing war, in Report of the Secretary the commerce and intercourse of Europe Of War communicating the sev- with Asia across our continent, dividing the eral Paciflc railroad explora- vast beneflts, participating in each other's tions. . . 33d Cong., 1st session, local advantages and position, then a union H. Doc. 129. would have been formed, which time wo$d 1862. ". . .The last action of the Rouse but strengthen and make more lasting.. . on tho Paciflc Railroail, was upon a motion Asa Whitney, in a letter to of Mr. Sargent, to print 2,500 copies of the Freeman Hunt, Editor of hunt'^ bill, which was agreed to. Merchants' Magazine, October The bill was signed by the President, and 16, 1848. became a law on July lut, 18G2. 1866. ". . .A comparison of the results The bill having paused, I immediately pre- stated above, and of those exhibited in the pared a map and designation of our route as tables referred to, conclusively shows that required by Section 7 of the act, which says the route of the 32d parallel is, of those sur- that 'Whenever said companies shall desig- veyed, 'the most practicable aud economical nate the general route of their road, and Ale route for a railroad fro]: the Mississippi a map of the same in the office of the Secre- river to the Pacific ocean. tary of the Interior, he shall cause the land~l - This is the shortest route; and not only for hiteen miles on each side of said route is its estimated cost less than a third than or routes, to be withdrawn from private en- that of any other of the lines, but the char- terprise, emption and sale."...... acter of the work required is such that it I left Washington, Friday, June 27th, for can be execu~tedin a vastly shorter period. New Yorli, for the purpose of making aeces- It is obvious that a road on any of these sary inquirica, and securlng provisional con- routes, with the exception perhaps of the tracts, if possible, for the Iron Equipment, 47th parallel, must be built continuous- olc., for the flrst fifty miles of our road. ly from the two extremities, and an ob- My dasire being to make such contracts, if stacle that arrests its progress at any possible, for Government Bonds-and so point defers the commencement of all the that, if necessary, the flrst flfty miles could worlc In advance. The tunnels and much of be completed by the fall of 1863. the other work on the more northerly Finding that Iron was rapidly advancing routes in the most desolate regions are such in price, and mills beginning to refuso to as could not be commenced until a road was take orders, . . . . I placed matters in the constructed up to those points, and would hands of G. T. M. Davis, Esq., with instruc- then require a long period for their comple- tions to immediately close some kind of tion. arrangement wit11 iron, locomotive and car On the southernmost route, on the contra- men, upon the best terms he could get, be- ry, the progress of the work will be regulated fore further advances took place...... chiefly by the speed with which cross-ties Mr. Davis succeeded in making a contract and rails can be delivered and laid, the nature with Norris & Co., of , for eight of the country being such that throughout locomotives, deliverable in January, to be the whole line the road-bed can easily be paid for entirely in Government bonds, when prepared in advance of the superstructure. issued ...... SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Having successfully accomplished the ob- well. At the same time, after the lesson jects of my mission, I sailed from New York has been paid for, it should not be forgotten. . ..July 21, 1862, arriving in San Francisco, In a moral and political point of view. August 17, 1862. there is nothing more dangerous than this Theodore D. Judah, in Report of fostering of special interests; for the legis- the Chief Engine& of the Cen- lation which effects It inevitably becomes tral Pacific Railroad Co. of Cal., a precedent, to the application of which on his operations in the Atlantic there is no limit...... States, September 1, 1862. .:.'The United States government may 1869. "The administration of President now fairly be considered as committed to Grant and the sessions of the Forty-first the policy of lending encouragement, Congress opened on the 4th of March, 1869. through direct material aid, to an indefinite The houses of Congress remained in session expansion of railways. It is many years only until the 9th of April. . .During those since the precedent was established of twenty-six working-days, no less than twen- granting tracts of public land in aid of rail- ty-three bills were introduced into the road construction. While the demands of Senate, providing for the construction of the companies were limited to this, little ob- 14,050 miles of railway which unaided pri- jection could be made to them.. .The assist- vate capital could not be induced to build, ance asked for was not, however, long con- and appropriating to the furtherance of the fined within these limits. In the case of the work 224,245,620 acres of the national do- Pacific Railway, for the first time, a money main, or nearly one-half of the whole amount as well as a land subsidy was granted to a of territory now remaining unoccupied.. . railroad enterprise. The record of the flrst In certain cases liberal subsidies in money few weeks of the Forty-First Congress gives also were asked, and, under the provisions the country, if it only heeds it, a very clear of three bills alone, the government was to intimation of the use which is to be made of become responsible for nearly seven millions the precedent thus established...... " of annual interest on more than one hundred Charles F'rancis Adam, in Rail- and fifteen millions of capital indebted- way problems in 1869, North ness... . . American Review, v. 110: 116- . . .Bills which have 'money in them' are 150; January, 1870 the bane of representative government. It is currently supposed-whether correctly or James J Hill prophesies:.- not is of no consequence, so far as the ef- 1907. " ..The country must have, as fect on legislation is concerned-that the rapidly as it can be built, additional tracks constructors of the Union Pacific Railway, and terminal facilities, of which it stands and the stockholders of the Credit Mobilier in such need today. Suppose that only made on the 'job,' if it may .be so called, some seven hundred and fifty per cent on twenty-flve per cent additional track with the amount of capital embarked, Doubtless necessary terminals and equipment is to be the persons severally interested in the en- built during the next flve years; for with actment by Congress of the twentythree less the country cannot escape severe dis- bills introduced into the Senate between the tress and business depression, cannot con- 6th of March and the 9th of April last are duct promptly the volume of business even fully persuaded, each, that tho passage of now in sight. . . . his particular bill involves for him a no less No practical man would accept a contract profltable return for furnishing the facilities required, includ- Tho people of this country should have ing additional equipment and terminal facil- obtained two things, almost equally valu- ities, for less than $76,000 per mile.. .The able, from the completion of the Paciflc new work, then, would amount to $5,600,000,- Railway,-the first a trans-continental road, 000 in round numbers, or a yearly average and the second, the wisdom which comes of $1,100,000,000. That is the sum which from dearly purchased experience. Very should be spent before the commerce of the likely the money cost of the Paciflc Railway, country can be moved pmpe,rly. . ." [Mr. Hill great as it was, and lavish as the method estimated that it mould be necessary to of construction is understood to have been, build 11,000 miles of track each year for was not excessive. The country demanded flve years.] the thoroughfare, and was willing to pay James J. 1-1111 in letter to the for it; it made its own contract for the work Governor of Minnesota, dated of construction, and yet retains the power January 14, 1907. to enforce the terms of that contract. It has therefore little right to complain if the dar- Government control. ing and energetic men, who risked their 1917. ". . .And whereas it has now be- whole fortunes in the work of forcing come necessary in the national defense to through a novel enterprise to a splendid suc- take possession and assume control of cer- cess, now claim to t,he uttermoat farthing tain systems of transportation and to utilize the great stakes for wsch they played so the same, to the exclusion, as far as may be necessary, of other than war traffic thereon, for the transportation of troops, Railways-use in War war material, and equipment therefor, and 1833. for other needful and desirable purposes :'The first definite proposals for the use of connected with the prosecution of the war; rallwa~sfor strategical purposes were ad- Now, therefore, I, , Pres- vanced, as early as 1833, by Friedrich ident of the United States, under and by vir- helln Harkort, a Westphalian worthy who* tue of the powers vested in me, by the fore- came to be better known in hls native land going resolutions and statute. . .do hereby "3 'Der alte Harkort.' . . Harkort's ProPo- . ..take possession and assume control at sals gave rise to much vigorous controversy 12 o'clock noon' on the 28th day of Decem- in . The official classes condemned ber, 1917, of each and every system of trans- as 'nonsensical fancies' his ideas, not only portation and the appurtenances thereof as to the usefulness of railways for the con- located wholly 01' in part within the bounda- VWmce of troops, but, also, as to the utility ries of the continental United States. . ." of railways for any practical purposes what- U. S. President, Proclamation ever, and contemporaq nelvspapers and Pa- on , 1917. ri~dicals,in turn, made him the butt at their One suggestion as to railroads of the fu- ridicule . . ture: - 1919. ". . .The grouping or consolida- tion of the railroads in the United States, 1847. within a reasonable time, into a limited "In 1847 one of the leading military writers in Germany published a pamphlet In which+ number, possibly twenty to thirty, strong he sought to prove that the best-organizes competing systems, is essential; because railway could not carry 10,000 infantry a dis- railroad rates must be the same for similar tance equal to sixty English mlles in twenty- service, whether performed by the weak, four hours. As for the conveyance of Cav- necessitous railroad, or by the strong and alry and Artillery by train, he declared that prosperous one. It is in the interest of the this Would be sheer impossibility."

public that railroad charges shall be neither TRTD- - so high as to cause the strong roads to profit 1861-1865. unduly, nor so low as to force the weak lines, "what, in effect, the Civil War in Arnerl- upon which large sections of the country can did in furthe,riug the development of the may be vitally dependent, into bankruptcy rail-power principle in warfare was to ahow or into such a permanently enfeebled condi- that, by the use of railways, (1) the fighting tion as to prevent them from serving the Bower of armies is, increased; (2) strategical' public adequately and effectively. All sec- advantages unattainable but far the early (ions of the country ought in the future to arrival of .reinforcements at threatened be served by railroad systems managed by points may be assured; and (3) expeditions conlpauies strong enough to serve the public may be undertaken at distances from the base of supplies which would be prohibitive with progressive efficiency and economy. but for the control of lines of railway com- It will be necessary for the government munication." to return the railroads to the companies IBID. from which they were taken, but the ob- 1879. stacles to the grouping or consolidation of "It is now upwards of a quarter of a cen- railroads, under conditions approved by the tury since the chairman of the Sind railway government, should be removed, and pro- conlmenced to broach the idea of connecting vision should be made for bringing all of the, IZhyber and Bolan passes with the raiL- the railroads in the country within a reason- way system of . For more than a quar- able time into such a number of strong com- ter of a century he has unsparingly advocat- peting systems as it nlay be found desirable ed these views. . . . . Had the views so or necessary to perpetuate in order to se- persistently advocated by Mr. Andrew, and cure for each principal district of the co,un- so repeatedly brought forward by us, been adopted at the commencement of the strug- try the service of more than one system. gle last October, as me then ventured to The grouping or consolidation should be insist upon, vast sums would have been about the present strong systems, that is spared in the hire of transport, and we along commercial lines, and not by arbi- sllould have been spared the ignominy of trary ty~itorialsub-divisions of the coun- feeling that a British Army, nominally on try.. . . active sewice, has occupied Ave weeks in Prom The Conference plan for covering less than seventy miles." remedial railroad legislation, The TIMES, London, Oct. 13, 1879. An Explanatory statement by Harry A. Wheeler, chairman, Note: It has been stated that the number National transportation confer- of camels employed during the expeditions ence, Washington, D C. of 1878-1880 for transport purposes in de-- 262 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

fault of better rail comnnanication, was so beneficent purposes served by ambulance great as almost to exhaust the supp,ly of the and hospital trdns, whether constructed for frontier provinces of Bind and Punjab, while the purpose or adapted 'from existing rail- from 30,000 to 40,000 of them died owing to way stock. the excessive toils and trials of the work It proved, that however apparently inse- they were required to perform, the financial cure a line of rail communication may be, loss resulting therefrom to the Treasury be- and however active and destructivo the at- ing estimated at £200,000 tacks made on it by a pel-tinaceous enemy, El. A. PUTT: Rlse of rnll power in war yet, with a strong and well organized force und con~uest. of Railway T'roops following close on the ad- "Railways have become, in our time, one vancing army, and supplemented by an em- of the most essential instruments for the cient system of line protection, repairs and conduct of wnr. The transport of large construction can be carried out with such bodies of troops to a given point is an ex- speed that comparatively little material de- tremely ceniplicated and comprehensive lay will be caused, the final result of the piece of work, to which continuous attention campaign will net necessarily be affected, must be paid. Every fresh railway junc- and the value of rail-power as an instrument tion makes a difference, while, although we of war will suffer no actual rbduction." may not want to make use of every railway mil. A. PRA'lT: Rlse of rnil power in war line that has been constructed, we may still wnr nnd conquest. want to make use of the whole of the rolling 1914. stock that is available . . ." "The Battle of the Marne was won by the VON MOLTKI to the German Horrenhnur, railways of . . . . This is a rall- Dec. 18, 1879. way war." Mnrshnl JOFFRPJ. "Our Great General Staff [of the German 1919. Army] ,is so much persuaded of the advan- ". . .The prompt, efficient and safe move- tages to be derived from obtaidng the init- ment of troops has been a first consideration iative at the outset of a war that it prefers throughout and nothing has been permitted to construct railways rather than forts. An to interfere wit31 it. To May 31st, 1919, there additional ra~lway,crossing the whole coun- have been moved a total of 12,976,347 men, try, makes a difference of two days in the involving the equivalent of nearly six bil- assembling oil the army, and advances oper- lion miles of travel by one passenger. The ations proportionately . . ." 619,064 YON bf0I~'PIiIi: Lo the Relchstng, 1879. average is men per month; the monthly maximum was reached in July, 1918, 1899-1902. when 1,147,013 men were moved . . "In one way or another the South African A total of 261,126 passenger cars (includ- War . . . was concerned in many of the ing sleeping cars), 21,181 baggage cars an.$ moet complicated of the pmblems that arise 24,166 special freight cars for troop impedi- in connection wJth the use bf railways for menta, total 306,471 cars have been used. military purposes . . . It confirmed under During the period there were but seven- especially remarkable conditions a fact teen train accidents involving either death which the American War of Secession had or injury of enlisted men . . ." already established, namely that even singIe TROOP MOVElhflNT SECTION,USRA. lines of railway, passing through country oc- cupied or belonging to the enemy. may al- ". . .Without railroads, the United S,tates low of campaigns being conducted at such to-day would, in all probability, not be radi- distances from the base of supplies, cis but cally different from the United States of a for this means of communication, would l~undredyears ago. All the large towns and render war impracticable. cities would still be clustered upon the coast It offered further evidence as to the pos- and waterways, and back of them would sibility, in favorable circwnstances, of em- still rest many square miles of undeveloped ploying railways for the carrying out of im- country; the nation would have remained portant tactical movements a sprawling, helpless thing, weakened by its It re-established the essential need of or- very size, and subject both to internal con- ganization for the attainment of efficiency flict and to attacks of foreign invaders. It in military transport and especially inso far has been repeatedly said that if there had as such organization. deals with questions of been a thorough railroad development in the control and co-ordination of the military and South during the fifties, there would have technical elements. been no Civil War. . . . ." It placed on a recognized and clearly de- Edward Hungerford, in the fined basis the uses of asnloured trains an8 Modern Railroad. the best methods to be adopted for their con- at,ruction and operation. 'I...Railroading i8 the art of overcrowding It showed still more clearly, perhaps, than the law of gravitation." any previous war had done, the useful and James J. Hill SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Outlining the aims and supposedly express- Special- Libraries ing the views of all librarians, not mereb' of any particular group or section. Published &Iontlily except July nnd August Nothingcould therefore have a larger out- Editorid Oflice look or nurpose. 120 Puterl)o~w~gI~St., Tho Fenrvay, , Nann. Program as announced at present is tentative. The avowed object of the corn- Entered at the Poet OBlcc nt Boston, Alass., ns sccoiid clt~ssuinttcr under thc Act of m!ttee is to secure criticism of this report hfnrch 3, 18iD. With the llope of improving it and maklng it the most worthy product of modern librarian- Those on the Enlarged Program Com- Subscriptions (10 iesues) ...... $4.00 a yenr .$0.60 mittee h~eWorked hard to evolve a satis- dingle coples ...... factoryProgram. Of that there can be no Correspondence with reference to contribullons TO be sure they were handicapped, to .'iprci'r/ L~Prarzrrshould be addresaed to the Editor-in-chief. but their handicap was one from which anY Subscriptions, nppllcntions for membership in Other committee or person similarly chosen the Specinl Librnries Assoclntion, nnd remittnncea not have been free. To look at the should be sent to the Secretnry-Treasurer. whole of library work was and is a large task. when the committee of the National SPECIAL IJLlRARIES ASSOCIATION Education Association charged with a simi- PreslCent ...... hfnud A. Cnrnbln lar task as the Committee on Enlarged Pro- Detroit ldison Co., Detroit, hlich. gram was appointed its work was rleflnecl in Vice-Prcsident ...... Edwnrd H. Redstone similar terms except that its field was to be Mass. Stntc Libr~ry,Boston, hiass. education. But there was this significant fiecrctnry-Trensurcr...... Estelle L. Liobmnnn difference-the committee of the N. E. A. Ilon~ldPress Co., 20 Vescy St., New York, N. Y. was so constituted that every important BXECUTIYI BOARD section of educational endeavor was repre- Tlic PresiAcnt The Vice-Presl~lent The Secretary-Wensurer sented by at least one expert. This was not and the case with the A L. A. Its Committee J. 13. Friedel, Boston, Mnss. On Enlarged Program is a committee of five. P. I-I. NcClellancl, Pittsburgh, Pn a committee chosen and eminently capable Guy 1, Mnrion, New York. of loolrlng at the whole of library work. vxre that .lcork composed only 01 public W- SPUCIAL LIBRARIEE brar?l work. But this is not the case. There Editor-In-Chief...... J. H. FRIEDEL fore we cannot say that the Enlarged Pro- ASSOCIATE EDITORS gram is representative of American librariau- Agiiculturnl nnd Government Librnries ship. Whether it is representative of public Olnribel R. Bernctt libraries 1s for the public librarians ta de- Business and Comrnercinl Librnries. .Mary B. Day termine. Frankly we doubt whether it is. Finnncinl Librnries...... Ells M. Qennng The wide-spread criticism that has come Tecllnologicnl nut1 Engineering Llbrnries Bclwnrd I). Groenmnn from many quarters only bears thls out Theologicnl nnd Binc Arts Librnries The report lacks the large view which Maw A. Plllsburv might Properly be exgected in such a pro- Lnm Librnries...... Edwnrd TT. Radstone gram. It is a slapjack affair and bears every evidence of haste and patchwork The several items in the program bear no The material for this issue was gathered relation to each other. They indicate an under the direction of Mr. Richard H. John- isolated conception of Library work; cer- ston, Librarian of the Bureau of Railway tainly they do not produce the broad view Economics and a former President of the or the largo conception which we have a Special Libraries Association We are in- right to expect in a document that pretends debted to his good judgment in the selection to present an enlarged view and a broader of contributors and to his loyalty to the As- program as compared with present or past sociation in taking the time out of a busy activities. If this is to be an enlarged pro- career to secure the articles. gram then it must rest on a broader basis than any present program; and moreover its EDITORIAL must represent an enlarged view- point. We do not intimate that the committee Some Unconsidered Features of the bas llot done its best. Bnt it was so con- stituted that its viempoint never was and Enlarged Program of the never could be that of the whole of Ameri- A. L, A. can Li brarianship. Every librarian should read and study the Special librarians from the first made this report of the Enlarged Program Conlmittee clear. As far back as June, 1919, we indi- of the A. 1;. A. It is a program ostensibly cated the danger in the Present methods of SPECIAL LIBRARIES

The American Library Association and the another 6000 on coast guard cutters-and menace to the other existing library associa- factories owned by the Government, about tions by an endowment for the A. L. A. The two-score in number. Here is a whole following principle then started may bear country to serve, millions that might be repetition. "If the American Library Asso- reached, and yet we ask $2,000,000 to serve ciation is to be regarded by all of us as a handfull. representative of all librarians in the We make no comment on the industrial United States then it must include in its service which the A L A. is in a position to counsels and in its activities representatives render. We make no comment on the vari- of the special libraries." In the mine way ous other items which have tentatively been the matter was made clear to the Committee incorporated into this program These may on Enlarged Program. The Committee well be considered by every librarian. stated from the first that it was open- But this we can say safely The Enlarged minded. Certainly it was open-eared; it Program in its present stage represqnts listened to all that was said. But its answer neither broad view nor concrete plan. It was evasive and such that the Executive has little in it to command support, and that Board of the Special Libraries Association, little is more than negated by the item considering the welfare of the special which deserve outright condemnation. The libraries, could not, notwithstanding its views of our own association are not re111.e- eagerness to support any large library pro- sented in this program despite the fact that gram, accept. Hence, more correspondence, the program, would appear so to inrlic,~te. more speechmaking, more parleys. And The Committee is certain to fail not only curiously enough, those who were appointed because its work laclrs breadth of appeal Iwt by the Committee on Enlarged Program to dso because it has not the support of the see whether an understanding with the majority of librarians, the special librarlr~ns Special Libraries Association could not be among them. And no library progt.3m that effected.-each, after hearing ouis case, lacks the support of the business libraries stated definitely his con~plete accord with of the country can hope to secure the re- our attitnde. Could anything be more con- quired funds from business men who are vincing of the justlce of our position? Rut always the great givers. the strategic movos still continue. Every Our own positlon has been made suf- day brings new promises. ficlently clear in these colun~nsand to the Meanwhile let us loolc at the En1arl:ed Committee on Enlarged Program. We stand Program itself. One of thc sections provides ready to co-operate on a basis of fairness for the raising of a fund of $25,000 for the and goodwill. Rut the club ant1 juggernaut afliliatecl associations. The afiliated asso- do not move us. Every well-directed effort ciations arc the National Associat~on of of mankind gives proof that right will State Libraries, the American Association of triumph. We have never doubted our gosi- Law Libraries, and our own, the Special tion. We know that we are right and we Libraries Assoc~rztion. To our liest knowl- know the right wlll win. And while on the edge not one of these was consulted regard- one side we are marking time, on the other ing this $26.000 fund. Not a single one was we are going forward with our own program. aslrecl whether a dollar was needed by it, J. H. FRTDIDEL. whether 935.000 was sufficient. too much or too little;' not a single one at the time the Arthur D. Little, Tnc., Chemists and decision was nlade had any sorl. of plan for Chemical Engineers, , Mass. the use of this money To incorporate such through its Inforination Department, is plan- an item is to perpetrate little short of a ning a series of Bibliographic Studies, to be mistake: certainly we should like to know circulated among the Public, Universtty and what any fair-minded librarian would call it. Special Libraries of the United States, and Yet it is with such a program that we are the flrms and individuals interested in the aslred to go before the public. Never to our various studiefi Those in course of prepara- Imowleclge in the history of American in- tion are: Chemimcal Warfare; Alcohol from stitutions has an association gone out to Waste Sulfite Liquors; Industrial Research; raise funds for another association without The Automobile and Tractor at the Front; the knowledge or consent of that associa- The Electric Furnace; Industrial Labora- tion. Shall the A. L. A, be the flrst to so go tories; Rlolasses, The Chemical Action of down? Is this the type of enlarged program Light; Woods & Fibers used as Paper Mak- to which we are to be led? Surely here is ing Ilaterials. something to consider. As we loolr over the whole Drogram and see the various items we, llesitatk ðer to The General Motors Corporation has pity or condemn. Here we have a countrY started a special library bf its own and has of over 100,000,000 persons. How many of selected hIr. Frank K. Walter, Vice-Director this multitude does the Enlarged Program of the New York State Library School to be plan to serve? -4 paltry 9000 in light houses; its librarian. SPECIAL LIBRARIES List of References on the Right to Strike COMPILED BY MARY B. LADD Cataloguer, Bureau of Railway Economics Library

Tlns list hns 1)ocn complled fro111 mnteril~lin the Lil~rargof Congress, in the Librnry of the 1900. Depnrl~uentof tnbor and In tllc Lihrnrs of the Gompers, Samuel Rnrerlu of Rnllwns Economics. ICev letters (LC. Address before the Arbitration conference, Lnb, B) hnvc been cn~ployrdas ~II-indicntionif wllerc the itemv 111 the li~thnve been secu, but held at Chicago, Ill., , 1900, their use should not be tillten Lo lncnn nrl nttemut under the auspices of the Natlonnl civic to indicate the entire contcnts of nny of the federation Washington, American fed- librnries on this subject. The lcey letters are not employcd in the cnse of nrticlcfl which hnve up- eration of labor [19151. 12 p. LC. uenred in the genrrnl pcrlodicnls. Lil~rnryof lieprl~~lrtlin 1.'. S. Congress IIoose. Corn- Oongreas grir~teil cnrd nnmbers nr6 furnisl~cd nitt tee on interstnte und foreign com- when possible. merce. Return of the rnilronBe to prirnte Bntrlc~nre grouped by yenr, nlg111~l)eticnllg ownersl~ip. IIenrLng~. . . 181D, pt. 10, under ench yenr, nnd nu Index of nnmcs follown p, 3141-4s. the---- Iiut. Any material which rnny huve been cnlletl forth Kenna, E. 13. by the Indlnnnpolis injunction in the CUSC of the Public concern in respect to strilres. strilcinp con1 miners ~118not nvnllnble when .the (Railway and engineering review, v. 40: llst wnu rornpll(~l i\'ov. 7, 1919. 718-19; Dec. 22, 1900) B. ktracta from un nddress delivered beforo PRIOR TO 1900. the Nntlonnl co~ifcrcr~ccon concilint~on Aiken, W~lliamP. untl nrbitrntlon ur~tlwthe nusnlcea of the Nntional civic fwlerntion, Clilcngo. 1)c.r. Legal restraint of labor strikes. 17, 10UO. 1~;ditorial commcnt: p. 720 (Yale law journal, v. 4: 13-26; Oct. 1894). Railway and engineering review [Edlto- DBsveaux, Ludovk. rial 1. IAPS gr>ves de chemins de l'er en France et The resiionsibility of railroads and their ;I ;I 1' Btranger PBTIS,Marcha1 & Rlllard, employees to the public. 1899. 223 1). So. B. "Uibliogrnphle:" p. 214-218. (Railway and engineering review, v. 40: Moseley, E'dward Augxstus. 650; Nov. 17, 1900). B. Arbitration as applied to railway cor. porations and their employees. Wash- Gompers, Samuel ~ngton,D. C., Press of W. I?. Roberts, The right "to strike at will." 1893. 29 n. So B. 11-34109. Deb. 1i~1)rlntrtlfro111 "Trnnsportation" for Sept (American federationi~t,v.8; 48-49; I k!,a 1901). lieprint14 in I~oco~notivecnginecrs' ~~lolltllly journnl, r. 27: 1000-05; Xos. 1803 U. S. Dept. of labor. Railroad ga~ette[Editorial] Sixteenth annual report of the Commis- Public rights in labor disputes. sioner of labor. 1901. Strikes and lock- (Railroad gazette, v. 19 : 130; Feb. 25, outs. Washington, Govt. print. off.. 1901. 1887). 1053 p 8'. Decisions of courts nn(1 lnwu relnting to Reeve, C. H. atrllrcs, combir~ntlons,conflpIrnciea, hoy. The ethics of strikes and lockouts. cotts, etc.: p. 873-1030. (American journal of politics, v. 2: 76-86; U. S Industrial commission. Jan. 1893). Reports of the Industrial commission on Taft, Williani Howard. labor organizations, labor disputes, and Decision of Judge Taft [and others, in arbitration [by Charles E. Edgarton and cases Involving rights and duties of rail- 'E. Dana Durand] and on railway labor road emp2oyecsl [Washington, 1893.1 . . . [by Samuel McCune Lindsay] Waah- 36 p. S (53d Cong. special sess. Jngton, Govt. print. off., 1901. Senate. Mis. doc. 47). B, LC. cxxxvii, 1172 p. 8" (Tho commission's Declsiona of Judgca Tuft, Speer nnd Ricks. Reports, vol. XVII) 4-18103/8. Comment in Rnilrond gnzette, v. 15; 205, Legnllty of strlkes in themaelvea: p. 600-65. Aprll 7, 1803. Rnllwny atrlkee an-d boycotts: p. 602402. The hlncklistin~of rnilwns emPloYee8- U. S. Dept. of labor. tho common n

Domergue, J. Louis, Paul. Le droit de grhve. Le droit de la grgve. (La reforme Bconomique, 11th yr.: 1723- (Revue politique et litteraire; revue bleue, 25; Dec. 21, 1902). LC. ser. 5, v. 7' 237-40; Feb 23, 1907) LC. Fundamental principles. (Outlook, v. 71: 534-35; June 14, 1902). 1908 Strilies in vitnl indl~stries Cook, W. L. Handiboe, John Wars and labor wars. Strikes and the public welfare. (International journal of ethics, v. 18: 323- (North American review, v. 175: 91-98; 42; Apr, 1908) LC. July, 1902). Reviewed in Alnerlcan review of reviews v. 37: 740-47; June, 1008, under title; New York (State) Dept. of labor. State intervention in Inl~orwnrs. Decisions of the courts. The right to Leo, Victor. strike. (In its Bulletin, v. 4: 133-45; June, 1902). Die frage des streikrechts in offentlichen LC, Lab. betrieben. (Archiv fhr sozialwissenschaft und sozial- 1903. politik, V. 27: 136-71;July, 1908) LC. Sailhac. LBon de. Les &hvesb 2. Bd. , V. Lecoffre, 1903. Rahling, 256 p. 12 . Ausliindische gesetze und verordnun~en "Lo droit de grcve": p. 70-110. zur bekiim~fungvon ausstiinden &~d zur schlichtung von arbeitsstreitiglceiten 1904. irn eisenbahnbetriebe. Hubert-Valleroux, (Archiv fiir eisenbahnwesen, 31st yr: 1043- Le droit de greve. 1113; Sept.-Oct. 1908) B. (L' Economiste franqais, 32d yr. 347-49, Refers to strikes in Frnnce Grent Britnln 423-26; Mar. 12, 26, 1904) B, LC. Itnly the Netlierlnnds ~ungnry~uasla: ~widerlnncl,Spaln, united ~tntee:Cnnnda, 1905. Argentinn nnd Victorin, nnd contnine np- Railroad gazette [Editorial] pendlces with ertrncts from the lnwe. [Strike in to prevent passage of bill designed to prevent strikes]. 1909 (Railroad gazette, v. 38: 693; June 2, Boissard, A. 1906). Le fait et le droit de grhve. Lyon Vftte, 1909. 31 p. 8" Not seen. 1906 Butler, Nicholas Murray. Qaffney, Fannie H. When government employees go on strike. Liberty, law and labor. (Congressional record, v. 47: 1496-96;May (Arena, v. 36: 286-88; Sept., 1906). 23, 1911) U. 8. Dept, of labor. Reprinted from the New York sun Ma 18,. Twenty-flrst annual report of the Com- low. mxtrncts reprinted in ~odtonhan- missioner. . .lgO6. Strikes and lockouts. script, Oct. 14, 1010, under tltle: qervantr Washington, Govt print. off, 1907. 979 p. of the state. so. Le droit de g-rhve; lecons profess6es & The lnw relnting to stnlces, blnckliating, boy- 1'Ecole des hautes Btudes sociales par cotts, etc.: p. 017-00. hT M. Ch. Gide, H. BerthBlemy, P. Bureau, 1907. A. Keufer, C. Perreau, Ch. Picquenard, A. Dominguez, C. E. Sayous, F. Fagnot, E. Vande~elde. De la situation matBrielle et de la condi- Paris, I?. Alcan, 1909. 270 p. 8" (Biblio- tion ju~ricliqnedes employes des chemins thbque gBn6rale des sciences eociales: de fer du reseau de 1'6tat. Rennes, Impr. 31) LC. 14-4190. des arts et manufactures, 1907. 412 p. Independent [Editorial] So. B. LC. 8-27342.. Strikes of public employees. "~pendlce. Lea groupements professionnels et l'ngitntion grevlste dnne les chemins (Independent, v. 66: 1143-44;May 27,1909) de fer en Frnnce et 6 1'4trnnger": p. [ZS?'] -406. Outlook [Editorial] Strikes in the public service. Germain, Ch. (Outlook, v. 92: 339-40; June 12, 1909) Le droit de syndicat et le droit de grEve des fonctionnaires publics. Paris, Impr. 1910 Bonvalot-Jouve, 1907 200 p. 8". LC. Bouloc, Enbe. 19-13128. Le "droit cle gr&ve" et lee grhves; une des These--Unlv. de Pnrls. plus grandes erreurs juridiques et soci- Independent [Editorial] ales de ce temps. Principes et solu- May public employees strike? tions. Paris, A. Rousseau, 1910. 197 p. 16' (Independent, v. 62: 979-80;Apr 25, 1907) LC. 17-14624. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Brouilhet, Charles Rollancl, Louis La grisve et le droit. La grhe des agents d'un service public (Questions pratiques de IBgislation ouvri concid6. ere et d'dconomie soc~ale,v. 11: 329-36; (Revue du droit public et de la science Dec. 1910) Lab. politique, v. 27: 504-24; Sept. 1910) LC. Crosby, Oscar T. Sullivan, .I. W. Strikes, when to strike, how to strike; a Can government elnnloves strike? book of suggestion for the buyers and (~mericanfede~ati&&t, v. 17: 126-29; sellers of labour. N. Y. & London, Put- Feb. 1910) nam, 1910. 202 p. 12' LC "Mornlity of tho strike. Is the strike legnl?" World's work [Editorial] P. 6-28. Strilces and the powers of government. (World's work, v. 21: 13711-12; Dec. 1910) Feely, Joseph J. The right to strike: its limitations. Zimmermann, Waldemar. (North American review, v. 191: 644-61; Gesetzliche streikverhiitung auf den fran- May, 1910) zijsischen eisenjbahnen. Extrncts in Railwny nge gnaette, v. 49: 103; (Soziale praxis, 20th yr.: 390-96; Dec. 29, .Tuly 20, 1010. 1910) LC. Tranelntlon in Journnl den &?conomistee, ser. 6, v. !27: 38-40, July 16, 1010. 1911 France. Law, statutes, etc. CratPs, Projet de loi sur le statut des employ48 Le droit de grEve menad. des chemins de fer dlintBret general et (Vie ourril:re, March 1911, p. 267-67) sur le rhglement pacifique dea differends Not seen.. d'ordre collectif relatifs aux interets pro- LDevine, Edward T.1 fessionnels de ces agents . . pre- The desertion of the street cleaners. sent6 . . . par M. ~ristideBriancle (Survey, v. 27: 1193-94; Nov. 18, 1911) . . . et par RI. Louis Puech. Engineering (London) [Editorial] [Paris, 19101 26 p. 4" (Chambre des The responsibilities of workmen. dBput4s. 10. 16gislature, 1910. no. 626) (Engineering, v. 92: 229-30; Aug. 18, 1911) LC.' Ganzoni, Ed. T Gompers, Samuel. Le droit de grhe et le contrat de travail. Labor's right not to sell. Paris E, Larose, 1911. 232 p. 8' LC. (American federationist, v. 17: 988-89; 11-34674.- Nov. 1910) These-Gnw, dc! P~lrls Guyot, YVGS. Goblet cl'Alv~ella,Fdlix. Le droit de grhve et la grWe des chemins Le droit de grh3 et les services publics. de fer. (Revue cle Belgique, 43d yr.: 271-88; Mar (Journal des Bconomistes, 6th ser., v. 28: 15. 19311 LC. 177-96;.Nov. 1910) LC Guyot, Yves. . . . Les cheinins de fer et la grCve. Independent [Editorial] Avant la grave; la 16gislation n6cessaire Compulsory arbitration in France. et les projets de 1910; les retraites des (Independent, v. 69: 1467-68; Dec. 29, 1910) chemins de fer; les 16gislations Btsan- To prevent strikes of public service enl- gEres et les greves de transport; la dB- ployees. mocratie financiPre; les rBint6grations. Le Grom de Maret, Paris, I?. Alcan, 1911. 329 p. 12" B. Du statut des fonctionnaires dam son rap- A 11-2392. port avec les droits . de grave. Rcvie~vcdby Bf. Peschaud in Revue gGn6rnle Paris, Larose et Thin, 139 p. 8' des chen~insde fer et do8 tmniwnys, Y. 35: lkd. 47-67, Jnn. 1012. Not seen. Hale, Robert L. Merritt, Walter Gordon. Strikes in public service. Strilres and public utilities: a remedy . . . (Survey, v. 27: 1388-90; Dec. 16. 7911) Pub, for circulation by the American anti-boycott association New York Leo, V. [19101 31 p. 8" B, LC. 10-8170. Die frage des stl-eikrechts in iiffentlichen "A condensed vereion of tills monograph np- betrieben. pears in "The Outloolr" for Jnn. 8, 1910 (Industrie und handelsprobleme, 193 1: [v. 04 : 83-89]". 293-322) Not seen. Olphe-Galliard, G. Leroy, Maxime. Les syiidicats de fonctionaaires et lee Du droit de grave dans les chemins de fer grEves dans les services publics. (h propos des recents projets de 1oi du. (Questions pratiques de legislation ouvri- gouvernement) Pre et cl'8conomie sociale, v. 11: 36-49; (Grande revue, 16th yr: 631-38; Feb. 1911)1 1910) LC. LC. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Munk, Hans. Flise, LBon. Die ethische berechtigung des streiks. De la grhe dans les services publics Paris, Rwsseau, 1912. 228 p. 8' Not seen. (Deutsche.- ~-~-~ industriebeamten-zeitung, 7th yr: 182-85; June 16, 1911) Lab. Gegen das streikrecht der eisenbahner in Xa ion [Editorial] Bayern. $mikes by publib employees. (Correspondenzblatt der Eeneralkommis. (Nation, v. 92: 29-30; Jan. 12. 1911) sion der gewerlrschaften Deutschlands, Co~nnient on the strlke of the New York 22d yr.: 637-40, Oct., 26, 193 2) LC. municipnl ferry englncerP Planques, J. Great Britain. Boarcl of trade. Les grhves & coalitions dans le personnel Strikes and lockouts; memoranda . . . des chemins de fer (moyens prBventifs) relatihg to the text and operation of Toulouse, 1911. 184 p 8' LC. 17-11368. certain laws in the British dominions Thcfx-Univ de Toulouse. and foreign countries affecting strikes The prevention of strikes by law. and lock-outs with especial reference to (Economist, v. 73: 567-58; Sept. 16, 1911) public utility services. London, H. M. Das recht zu streiken. Stationery off., 1912. (Soziale- praxis, 21st yr: 18; Oct. 5, 1911) 162 D. fa (Cd. 6081) LC. LC.- ~eviiwedby W. T: Lnyton in Elconomlc Rolland, Louis. journal, v. 22: 602-03, Sept. 1012. LC. Les projets du gouvernement, relatifs am Iloffmann, Louis. grhves dans le service public des che- La grgvo dans les services publics et les mins de fer. industries n6cessaires. Paris, Bloud & (Revue du droit public et de la science cie, 1912. 62 p. 12' (Questions de politique, v. 28: 99-128 ; Jan -Mar. 1911) sociologie) LC. 13.10915. LC. Journal of commerce [Editoriall Strike and lockorlt legislation Shall enginemen suspend interstate traf- (In Railway library, 1911. Chicago, 1912, flc? p. 301-306) B, LC. (Journal of commerce, Mar. 28, 1912, p. 4, Brorn Engineering. (London). Abatrnct in c01. 2-3) B, LC. Dd~ineerlngmn~azlne, v. 43. 33-65, May, 1012. Joyce, Howard C. 1912.- .- Strikes-right as to and conduct of. Bellet, Daniel. (Central law journal, v. 74: 209-12; Mar. Grhe et droit de grBve 22, 1912) Not seen. (Moniteur des int6rets materiels, 62d yr.: Louis, Paul. 3369-70, 3737-38, 4273-74, 4465-66, 4617-19, Das franzBsische gewerkschafts-- und 63d yr: 417-18, 585-86, 861-62, 1145-46, streikrecht. 1249-50; Sept. 22, 1912-Apr 6, 1913) LC. (Archiv ftlr sozialwissenschaft und Board of arbitration in the controversy be- sozialpolitik, v. 34: 121-44; Jan. 1912) tween the eastern railroads and the LC. Brotherhood of locomotive engineers, Pic, P. 1912. Les enseignements de quelques grBves Report of the Board of arbitration in the r6centes. matter of the controversy between the (Revue d'dconotnie golitique, 26th yr.: eastern railroads and the Brotherhood of 1-33; Jan.-Feb. 1912) LC. locomotive engineers, appointed in con- formity with an agreement of the parties La question de la greve. made at under date of (La RBforme Bconomique, 21st yr.: 453-55; April 30th, 1912. . . . . [Washington? Apr. 12, 1912) LC. D. C.1 1913. Signed : Un d6put0. 123 p: 8' B, LC. 13-8241. Roux, Paul. Le droit de grhve. (La Science sociale, 27th yr.: 34-46; Apr. 1912) LC. Strike legislation; reviews of the laws of the British dominions and other coun- tries. Duff, Robert A. (Engineering magazine, v. 43: 263-65; May The rlght to strike and lock-out. 1912) LC. (Hibbert journal, v. 10: 613-32; Apr. 1912) LC. 1913 Reply by H. 0. bfontngue in Hihbert Journnl, Bellom, Maurice. v. 10: 21-28. July 1012. LC. La grew et l'btat; les services publics et Reviewed in dherlcnn revlew of reviews v. les travaux publics. 46: 747-48, June, 1012 under the: Fnllncles concerning the right to resort to (GBnie civil, v. 63: 151-53; June 21, 1913) the etrike nnd lockout LC. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Brown, Joseph M. Stockmar, ,T. Compulsory labor arbitration; interest of Les grPves des, cliemins de fer et le9 public in strikes by employes of public coalitions cle fonctionnaires service corporations; duty of state. (Bibliot.hi?quo universelle et revue suisse, ,(American employer, v. 2: 163-58; Oct. V. 71: 6-35; Jul. 1913) LC. 1913) Lab. A threat to outlaw a strike. Brown, Joseph M. (Literary digest, v. 47: 666-G7; Oct 18. Supremacy of law, duty of state: a gov- 1913) enor's conception of public right an8 Threat of Governor Fos~to prnl~lblt nll status of trade union during railroad strikes of rllilway etuplogces. strike. Washington post [Editorial] (American employer, v. 2: 29-34; Aug Railroads and operatives. 1913)-, Lab.- (Washington [D. C.1 post, Jul. 9, 1913) Ihln Ins Governor's rnesunge to the Gcnerul Worthington, B. A. r~svemblyof Qeorgln June 26 1013 Itc.prlnted In 13emnn L.' T. ~eleltednrticlrs Organized labor. on thc comgnlaokg flrbltratlon of 111duh- (n&thly official railway lkt. v. 32: 70-72; Ir1:ll ilifiputes. 21 etl. Whlte Plnlns rind Nov. 1913) B. Sw York. 1935.. p. 110-27. U, LC. 15-401d 1914 The employees of the public. Constable, W. G. (Spectator, v. 111: 1078-73; Dec. 20, 1913) The compulsory settlement of industrial Engineemg news [Editorial] disputes. Legislation to avoid railway strikes. (Edinburgh review, v, 219. 185-211, Jan. (~Ggineeringnews, v 69: i33-34; Apr. 30, 1914) 1913) R, LC. Erkelenz, Anton. Compers. Samuel. Streikrecht oder arbeitsrecht fiir die Boss Foss' threat. The new white slave staatsarbeiterT lam. (Soziale praxis, 23d yr.: col. 385-90 ; Jan. (American federationist, v. 20: 923-26; 1, 1914) LC. Nov 1913) Journal of commerce [Editorinl] *Gompers, Samuel. The railroad hold-up outrage. Compulsory arbitration in the railroad (Journal of commerce, Jan. 20, 1914, g. 4, engineers' award. COI.1-2) B, LC. (American federationist, v. 20 : 17-3 L ; Jan. 1913) Mabie, Edward Charles, ed. Hrprinted 1x1 U S Congress. Scnnte. Coni- Compulsory arbitration of labor disputes mittee on iuterstate commerce. Goreln- on interstate railroads, constructive and lnent investlgntion of rnilwnv disputes rebuttal speeches in the New England Hedrlufis, ,< Jnn. 2, 1917. Wnshington, 1017. p. La, 0.2 13, LC. triangular league debates, hlarch 12. 1914, by the reoresentalives of Dart- Peschaud, Marcel. mouth college, Brown university, Wil- The question of conlpulsory arb~trationin liams college, ed by Edward C. Mahe the railway service, before the "Soci8t8 and Leonard D. White. . White Plains. d'8tudes l6gislntives" of Paris N. Y., and New York clty, The W. (Bulletin of the International railway H. Wilson company, 1914. XVIII, 114 p. 12" congress association. English ed. v. 27: B, LC. 15-707. 300-14, Apr. 1913) On rover: Ninth nnnunl Intcr-cnllc~lntede- Sumnlnrp of n rcport Countries wher~ bnteu of tlw New Erwlnnd trln~laular- clc- strike8 tire prohibited: p. 301. R. 111ttlnplengue. "Sclect bibliogrnpl~yon Colnpulsory nrbitrn- Railway business association, New York. tion of lubor cllrrputes on jnterstnte rnil- . . . The national menace of railway ro~tds": p [xi]-xviii. strikes. Immediate legislation impera- tive, federal arbitration law no long- The right of the community to exist. er auequate, more wage controversies (,Spectator, v. 112: 80; Jan. 17, 1914) threaten disastrous tie-up; extra session 1915 the time for action. March 21, 1913. [New York, 19131 Beman, Lamar T., comp. Selected articles on the compulsory arbi- 6, [I] p. 8" (Its Bulletin no. 12) B, LC. 2d A 14-195. tration of industrial disputes . . . . Reprinted in Rnllwny nge gnaette, v. W: ed., rev. and enl. Whfte Plains, N. Y., 73-34 Mat. 21, 1013. and New York City, The H. W. Wilson Edltorlnl comment in Englneerlng news, v. company, 1916. 147 11. 8" (Debaters' O!) ; 7XL.34, April 10, lD13. I3 halxlbool~series) 13, LC. 16-4098. SchrGder,-Wilhelm Strikes, from the workman's point of view. Streikrecht der eisenbahner. (Quarterly review, v. 223: 485-506; Apr. (Sozialistische monatshefte, v. 2: 599-604; 1916) May 27, 1913) LC. Slgried . A skilled Inbourer. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Victoria, . Chief inspector of fac- Elliott, Howard tories. The case for the railroads; the significance9 Report . . . on anti-strike legislation in of the surrender of Congress to the operation throughout the Australasian brotherhoods as seen by a railroad pres- st,ates; and recommendations regarding ident. [New Yorlr, 19161 16 1). 8" B, LC. such le~islationfor Victoria. Melbourne A 16.1387- [I9151 -30 p. f0 Lab. From .tho New York times ~nagnnlne,Scpt. 10, 1010, 1). 1-2. T~~hleof nntl-strike legislntion throughout Also prlnted in thc Philn(1elphin ~u1)hcled- the world: p. 22-24. ger Scpt. 30, 1030; in the Bconomlc Parros, Victor S. woh, Sept. 18, lnlcl, p 306-GO. Strikes and the public: three stages. Garretson, A. D. (Open court, v. 29: 446-48; July, 1915). Garretson warns oi' revolutloll if military 1916 law to prevent rail strikes is l~assedby Aclnnd, Frederick ~lbbrt Congress. Canadian legislation concerning industrial (New Yorlc evening mail, Dec. 12, 1916) disputes. The enactment and operation From address before BTconomlc club, Dec. 11. of Domidon statutes discussed by the Gompers, Samuel. deputy minister of labor. [n. p., 19161 Compulsory service must go. Bp. 4'. LAb. (American federationist, v. 23: 123-24; Diecusses nnti-strike lnwa of other countriea. Feb. 1916) Reprlst from the Labour gazette, v. 18 no. Compultlory servlce of civil servlcc ern: 0. Apr. 1010. From the Canndinn 'hw ployees. t~mes,>Iarch, 1910. Gompers, Samuel American legislation against railway strikes Compulsory service or freedom-which? Railway gazette, v. 26: 292; Sept. 16, (American federationist, v 23: 929-36; Oct. 1916: LC. 1916) Bench and bar [Editorial] Gomper~Samuel. Has railway labor any quasi-public char- Strike "un" from unfreedom. acter? (American federationist, v. 23: 285-87; (Bench and bar, v. 11: 185-87; Sept. 1916). Apr. 1916) B, LC. Stnke of post-offlce employcee of Fnlrmont, Brown, Paul W. W. Vn. Strikes and the public. Journal ol corwnerce [Editorial] (Outlook, v. 114: 147-48, Sept. 20, 1916) "Compulsory" arbitration. (Journal of commercc, Dec. 13, 1916, p. 8)' Chamber of commerce of the United Strtas n 7" D, LIU. of America. Railroad committee. In rnilronrl controveraiee. . . .On the report of the Railroad Committee Lee, Ellisha. on the prevention of strikes and loclr- rAddress before the Economic club, Deb outs. Washington [1916] 12 p. 4". cember 11, 19161 13 typew. p. B. (Referendum, no. 19). ~h$ntt~tudc of the railwny brotherhood0 to- Civic & commerce association, ElauClaire, wnrd compulsory nrbitrntion and nrbitra- -7, - tion in general. w1s. [Relative to prevention of national railway Let the public starve. strikes] I typew, p. B. (Wall Street journal, Sept. 27, 1916, p. 1) Editorial comment in Chicago tribune, B, LC. Nov. 14, 1916, p. 8, col. 1. Merchants' association of New York. , . For prevention of railroad strikes. Clements, Judson C. keport of Committee on gublic util- Address . . . before the convention of ities and law; and, Railroad strikes: the Grain dealers national association. their menace and their lesson: by Henry Baltimore, Maryland, Sept. 26, 1916. 19 R. Towne. September, 1916. [New typew. p. 4". B. Yorlr, 19161 19 p. 8" 13. k 16-1344. Recommends Inw to prevent strikes by cm- 646; PlOYceB of p!lbllc utilities. Abstract In Abatract in Railway nge gnzette, v. 81: Railwuy renew v. 50: 724-25 Nov 25, Sept. 29 1010. 1816; in Trofflc 'world, v. 18: f33-35, Oct. Reprlnted in Qrcnter Ncw York, v. 6: Sept. " ..-.,a 25 1010. B I, 1IJlU. R. Extrncts minted in U. S Concress 'Iouse ~ailr6adatrikes by Henry Towne re- Committee on interstate nnii forelgn com- printed in th EfEiciency society jo;rnnl, merce Return of the railroacla to prwnte v. 5: 528-37, 8ct. 1010. Lnb. ownership. Henrlngs . . . 1019 pt. 10, p. Outlook [Editorial] 9076-80. B,LC. Can strikes be prevented? Colorado state federation of labor. (Outlook, v. 114:121-22; Sept. 20, 1916) Resolution no. 1, Repeal of the Industrial Railroad strikes. commission law. (New Republic, v 8: 54-56; Au~.19, 1916) (In Proceedings of the 21st annual con- Railway age gazette [Editorial] vention, 1916. Denver [1916] p. 56-59) "Involuntary servitude" and railroad! Lab. strikes. SPECIAL LIBRARIES 261

(Railway age gazette, v. 61: 1027; Dec. 8, merce to investigate the conditions re- 1916) lating to interstate and foreign conl- The right of public service enlployees to merce, and the necessity of further leg- strike. islation relating thereto, and deflning (Railway age gazette, v. 61: 1084, Dec 15, the powers and duties of such subcom- 1916) mittee. November 20, 1916 [-Dec. 18, Abstrurt~of the nddre.wes of C. R. VnnI-Iiae 19171 Washington, Govt. print. off., 1916- A. 13. Cnrrctvon oud Eliahn Lee,before thd 18. 2448, LXI p. 8' B, LC. 17-15164 Econou~icclub of New Pork. Dcc. 11. 1010. Frnncis G. Xewlnnds, clialrrnnn. The right to strike. Iiigl~t01' rnilroncl elngloyeeu to strike dis- cosset1 by R. S Lorett, p 070-80; by J. N. (Sunset, v. 37; Oct. 1916: 39) LC. G~llelte,p. 1502-a. The right to strike. Public interest para- U. S. Congress. Senate Committee on in- nlount. terstate commerce. (National city bank of New Yorlr, Bul- Threatened strike of ra~lwayemployees. letin. Oct. 1916. p. 8.) B. Hearing . . . on proposed bills in con- Seawell, Molly Elliott. nection with legislation relative to the Railroads and labor. threatened strilre of railway emalovees (New York evening post, Sept. 23, 1916, . . . . Washington, ~ovt.-print -off., p. 10, col. 3-4) B, LC. 1916. 157 p. 8" B. Euiployec~1nuy not be forced to work. . . . . Another issue. 371 p. 8' (64th Con- Shonts, Theodore P. gress, 1st sess. senate. DOC. 549) B. Bdltorinl comment on the stntenient of Salrl- The public service corporation and the uel Go~ngera p. 30-69 in Cliicngo dnily working man. December, 1916 [n. p., tl.illllnc, NOT: 24 1010,'p. 3, col,., 2, under 191G?l B. title: "The pubhe lie dnmned. B Address bcforc the Illliiol~ mnnufncturera' Walsh, Frank P. nsaocinlion Dec 7 1010, nt Chlcngo. Abstract in ~'lectrlbihlwny journnl, V. 48; Walsh nails big lie. Says that government 1537 ; Dec. 10, 1910. B,LC. ern~lovesshould have the right to strilce. Stowe, H. E. (public -ownership [Balto., Md.], Mar. 4. To prevent strikes. High statesmanship 191G, P. 3) B. needed for compulsory arbitration law. 1917 (New Yorlr times, Sept. 21, 1916, p. 10, col. Academy of political science, New York. 8) B, LC. . . . . Labor disputes and public service To end great strikes forever. A return to corporations; a series of nddresses and the proposal of compulsory arbitration papars presented at the annual meeting as a means of averting great industrial Nov. 22-23, 1916; ed. by Henry Raymond crises need not involve surrender of the Mussey. New Yorlc, The Academy of freedom of individual workers. ~oliticalscience. 1917. (Annalist, v. 8. 260, Aug. 28, 1916) B, LC. 196 p. 8" (Its ~roceerlings . . . . vol. U. S. Board of mediation and conciliation. VII, no. 1) B, LC. 17-26392 Rallway strikes and loclrouts: a study of Ballantine, Arthur A arbitration and conciliation laws of the Railway strilces and the Constitution. principal countries of the world provid- (Columbia law review, v. 17: 602.22; June ing n~achineryfor the peaceable adjust- 1917.) B, LC. ment of flispntes between railroads and The Canadian disputes act. A symposiunl their employees, and laws of certain (Survey, v. 37; 754-59, 764-65; Mar. 31, countries for the prevention of strikes. 1917) Novemlier 1, 1916. Washington, Govt. c'bn~~;lcntson tllc nrtlcle by I3. TV. Scleltrunn print off., 1916. 367 p. 4" B, LC. 17-26143. In snme issue of Surrcy. . . . Another cd. Washington, 1917. 367 p. Co~nrncntsbv .ToIin R. Commons, Charles W Eliot. J. E. Wlllinn~s.Wlll~nrn 0. Thonln- 8" (64th Cong, 2nd sess, I-Iouse. Doc. son, J~mr~sO'ContlclI Jnmrs 0 Wntteis 2117) Lab. 1-1 11. Townc, 13nrhs Welnstorlt nnci Extroctr and comments In Lnbour gnzette, Bli~l~nLee. I-. 17: 210-17; Mar. 1017. U, LC, Lnb. De I'iinp6rieuse n6cessit6 de prendre des U. S. Congress Joint colnn~itteeon inter- inesures sp8ciales contre les grbves state and forelgn commerce. dans les chemins de fer. Interstate and foreign transportation. (Journal des transports, 40th yr.: 281; Rearinga before the Joint conmittee on Dec. 1, 1917) 13. interstate and foreign commerce, Con- Extrnct from "Los Trnnsports ferreos," gress of the United States, Sixty-fourth Scpt 8, 1917, p. 0970-71. Congress, first session, pursuant to Pub Le clroit de grPve du personllel dcs chemin~ lic J res. 25, a joint resolution craating de fer de 1'6tat su8doia. a joint snbcommittee from the memo (Journal cles transports, 40th yr.: 66; Mar. bership of the Senate Committee on in- 4 11B terstate commerce and the House Com- "D' aprc's la Zoitung des vereins D. E, clu mittee on interstate and foreign com- 33 septetnbre 1916." SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Dunn, Samuel 0. Merritt, Walter Gordon. Government prevention of railroad strikes Remedies for strikes on public utilities. (Scrlbner's magazine, v. 41: 307-14; Mar. (American industries, v. 17: Mar. 1917, 1917) p. 20-21) B,LC. Reprinted sepnrntely under title: Strlkea on Fitch, John A. public utilities; n remedy. New York, Involuntary servitude and the right to Americnn nnti-boycott nssoclntlon [1017] strike. 8 p. 8". B. (Survey, v. 37: 477-82; Jan. 27, 1917) No "right to strike." Reprlnted In Oklnhomn high 8Cl1001 dcbntlng Railway gazette [London] v. 26: 537; lcnguc. The compulsory arbitrntlon of May 11, 1917) B. lnbor disputcs on public utilities Nor- "As the result of recent lnbour troubles on mnn, 1817 p. 4-17. B. the Swedish atnte milways, the govern- Garretson, Austin B. ment hns now Inid it down thnt the stnte Both sldes of the railroad problem. A. B. is unable to recognize that rnilmny cm- ployces have tho 'right to strikc' nndcr Garretson speaks for the men. Elisha any conditions." L.ee speaks for the railroads. Oklahoma high school debating league. (Independent, v. 89; 142, 144; Jan. 22, . . . . Tile compulsory arbitration of 1917) labor disputes on public utilities. Nor- Thc rlglit to strlke, by Gnrretson. Trlol by jury, by Lee. man, Okla., Oct. 1, 1917. Reprlnted in Olilahomn high school debating 112 p. 8' (University of Oklahoma bulletin. Iengue. The corupulsory nrbitrntlon of lnbor disputes on public utilitiee. Nor- University extension ser. no. 34) B. 1917. The right to strlke, by A. B Gnrretson: p. man, 11. 31-30, 55-00 B. 52-ti0. Gompers, Samuel. "The right to strike,,is n vltnl nasct of tho Compulsory service unconstitutional. connuon people, William Jennings (American federationist, v. 24: 21-25; Jan. Bryan: p. 78. 1917) Parkinson, Thomas I. Gompers, Snmuel. Constitutional aspects of compulsory arbi- Freedom must not be surrendered. tration. (Amencan federationist, v. 24: 45-46; Jan. (Academy of political science. Proceed- 1917) ings, v. 7, Jan. 1917, p. 44-80) B, LC. Gompers, Samuel. Discussion : p. 81-87. The yoke mill not be worn. People's service league of Massachusetts. (American federationist, v. 24: 126-27; Resolutions . . . against compulsory Feb. 1917) service bill. Adopted at meeting held at Boston, Dec. 12, 1916. Hartman, Harleigh H. (Locomotive firemen and enginemen's The American industrial revolution. [n p , magazine, v. 62; ,Tan. 15, 1917: p. 15) 13. 1917?1 4 p. 4O. Sew~pngerproof Philadelphia Bourse. P~rnt~nta.-I. Government control of public Philadelphia Bourse urges strike preven- utilltles. 11 Government regulntion ex- tion legislation. tencling to lnbor. Right of employes of public service compnnies to strike denled (Railway review, v. 61: G17; Nov. 17, 1917) 111. The rensona for the change The Also in Rnilway nge gnzette, v. 03; D03; Nov. theory of regulntion. B. 10. 1917. Jouanny, ~hiladeilphia. Bourse. Statut des eniploy8s de chemins de fer Request for action to prevent, cessation of d'interet gBn6ral et reglement paciflque work by employees of public service cop des diffbrends d'omrdre collectif relatifs porations engaged in interstate com- aux int6rEts professionnels de ces merce. Resolutiona adopted . . . . agents. November 14th, 1917. (Paris. Chambre de commerce. Bulletin, 2 typew. p. B. 24th yr : 1033-41; Oct. 12, 1917) B Railroad trainman [Editorial] "Rnpport . . . dont les conclusions out 6th Compulsory investigation or arbitration adopt6es pnr In Chnmbre do commcrcc cle Pnris." means involuntary servitude. The right to strike In France and in otliez (Railroad trainman, v. 34: 125-37; Feb. countries Laws controlling employees. 1917) B. Lee, Blewett. Railway age gazette [Editorial] Legal protection from a general railroad Congress and the railroad strike menace. strike. (Railway age gazette, v. 62: 342; Mar. 2, (Traiiic- world, v. 19: 569-73; Mar. 17,1917) 1917) B. Resolute action would obviate law to pre- Lee, Blewett. vent interference with train service. The thirteenth amendment and the gen- (Commexial and financial chronicle, v. eral railway strike . . . . [Chicago? 104: 2173; June 2, 1917) B, LC. 19171 20 p. 4'. B. A 17-412. .icbtion on the Newlnnda bill to expedlte eblp- "Reprinted from the Virglnin law review for ruents nnd prevent InteIjerence with trnln Mnrch, 1017." service. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Slavery by law will not turn the trick. Van Hise, Charles R. (Railroad trainman, v. 34: 79-81; Feb. The railroad hours of labor law. 1917) B. (Annals ot the American academy of no- Straus, Oscar B. litical ahd aocial science, v.. 69, ho. 168; Arbitration of labor disputes affecting pub- 266-64; Jan. 1917) B, LC. lic service cornorations. Printed aeparntoly, Phlladelphin, 1017. D P. RO.- . -.R. (Academy of iolitical science. Proceed- Pnrtinlly reprinted with comment, in the ings, v. 7; Jan. 1917, p. 165-69) B,LC. Rnilrond trnln&nn, v. 84: p. 160-69; To prwhibit strikes. March, lDl7. B. . Reprinted in Oklnhomn high school de- (Railway conductor, v. 34: 207; Mar. 1917) bating lenguo. The compulsory arbitra- B. tion of lnbor disputes on public utllltiea. U. S. Bureau of labor statistics. h'ormnn, 1917. p. 24-31. B. . . . . Text of Canadian industrial dis- 1918 putes investig3ion act and summary of Right to strike during war time consider- industrial conciliation and antistrike leg- ered .... islation relating to public utilities of (American telephone and telegraph co. Bul- various co~~ntries.Washington, avt. letin no. 408: l; Oct. 3, 1918.) B. print. off., 1917. 21 p. 8". B, Lab. L17-10. Thomas, David Y. U. S. Congress. House. Committee on in- The next step in railway reg-t~lation. terstate and foreign commerce. (Unpopular review, v. 8: 49-57; Jan.-Mar. Interstate commerce on railroads Hear- 1918) ings before the Committee . . . on "A lnw forbiddlng strikes by rnllwny ern- 17, H. R. 19730 . . . . January 19 and ployes.". ~ 23, 1917. Washington, 1917. 242 p. 8' 1919 Thp Adnmson bill, providing for compulsory Aitchison, Clyde B. medintion in rnilwny disputes, etc. Stntemente of H. B Perbarn Snmuel Gom- Address.. . .before the National associa- pers, W. G. Lee, W. s.' Curter, L. B. tion of railway and utilities commis- Sheppnrd, W S. Stone. sioners at Indianapoli,s, Indiana, Oct. 14, U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on inter- 1919. [n. p., 19191 state co,mm.erce. 26 mime. p. B. Government investigation of railway dis- Right to strlke: p. 91-35. putes. Hearings before the Committee The anti-strike clause. Why this provision . . . .January 2, 1917. Wasldngton, Govt. in Crummdns bill is justifled. Railroad prinmt. off., 1917. 294 p. 8' legislation unlikely this session. Un- Stntclnents of I?. W. Whitcber E. P. Wheeler fortunate #aspect of refusal to increase W L. Chambers R M, hnslcy ~ndre; ~uruscth,W. N. '~oik,Snnnlel '~ompcra, rates before returning carriers to pri- etc. vate ownership.. . . U. S. Supreme court (Boston transcript, Oct. 25, 1919, pt. 1) . . . . Eight-hour day for railway em- B, LC. ployees; opinion . . . , . in the case Bodflsh, John D. W. of Francis M. Wilsgn, U. S. district at- The right to strike. Industrial war should torney for the western district of Mis- give way to a better system of social souri, appellant, vs. Alexander New and justice. Henry C. Ferris as receivers of the Mis- (Springfield Republican, Sept. 29, 1919) souri, Olrkahoma & Gulf railway co. B., LC. . . . . embracing both the cancur- ~ostonpost [Editorial] rent and dissenting opinions . . . . The right to strike. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1917. (Baston post, Sept. 26, 1919, p. 24, col. 3) 30 g. 8" (658tli Cong., 1st 'sees. Senate. B, LC- Doc, no. 20) Comment on the Cummins rnilrond bill. "Whntever would be tho right of nn em- Boston transcript [Editorial] ployee enguged in n prlvnte hustncse to demand such wnges as hc desires to The attack on the Cummins bill. lenve the employmerit if he does nod get (Boston transcript, Sept. 26, 1919,,sec 2, them and by concert of action to ngree p. 14, col. 3) B, LC. with others to lenre unon the same con- dition auch rights are hecessnri~ysubJect Call to union labor. A. F. of L. and four to li&itntion when employment is nc- railroad brotherhoods summon meeting ccnted i.11 n business charged- with n Dec. 13 in Washington to consider grave p~ibliclntercst": p. 10. Reprinted in Rnilwny review, v. 60: 432-30; danger to their rights as free men. Mwch 24, 1917. (Boston transcript, Oct. 29, 1919, p. 4, col. Editorin1 commerlt in Rnilwny ngc gazette, v. 5-6) B, LC. 02: 812; March 23, 1R17. Comment by John A. Bltch In the Survey, v. Casson, Herbert N. 37: 737-38: Mnrcll 31. 1Dl'f. under title: Results of British R. R,strike. The- . Snnrenle..~&~ - --~ - court~ . on stdlres 29, 1919, p. 14, Comment by Wllliam z Ripley in the Amerl- (Wall Street journal, Oct. can review of revlews, v. 66: 620-28; Mny, col. 4) B. LC. 1917, under title: Thc Sunrome court nnd "The so-called "right,>o strlke" Is being seri- the inilway brotherlioods~ ously questioneil. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Commercial and financial chronicle [Edito- :ndustrial conference, Washington, D. C.,1919. rial] Statement of principles which should The principle of the open shop-the riight govern the employment relation in in- to auit work. dustfy, submitted by the Employer (~&hercial and financial chronicle, v. group to the Industrial conference, . . 109; 1642-44; NOV. 1, 1919) B, LC. October 10, 1919. Boston, National in- Congress considers strikes. dustrial conference board [I9191 8p. 8". B. (Independent, v. 100: 35-37; Nov. 1, 1919) "~he&ght Lo strlke or lockout": p. 0-7. Coolidge, Calvin. Johnson, Rossiter. Telegram to Samuel Gompers, Sept. 14, Moral side of tieups. An A B C lesson on 1919. the duty of railroad employees to the (In ,his Have faith in Massachusetts; n public. collection of speeches and messages. (New York sun, Aug. 25,1919, p. 6) B, LC. Boston, 1919, p. 223) LC. "Tlicre is no right to strike npainst thc pub- Journal of commerce [Editorial] lic snfety by nnybody, nny where, nny Is there to be a labor rebellion?------

time."~~ ~ (Journal of commerce, Aug. 28, 1919, p The Cunlmins bill for the control of the rail- 6.1) B,LC. ways, and its cardinal weakness. Edltorinl comment on lnbor unresl through- (Engineering and contracting, v. 52: 426- out tile world nnd tho prospects of n gen- ern1 rnilroud btrike In the U.. S. 26: Oct. 15, 1919) LC. Journal of commerce [Editorial] Discusses the nnti-strilco nlul excess enrn- ings provisions Limitations on the right to strike. The Cummins cure for our railroad distress (Jaurnal of commerce; Auq. 12, 1919, p. (Literary digest, v. 62: Sept 13, 1919, p. 6:l) B, LC. 9-11) Journal of commerce [Editoriall Illustrnted with cnrtoons. Prevent public ,sel?rice strikes. Cummins rallroad bill would condemn work- (Journal of commerce, Aug. 21, 1919, p. ers to involuntary servitude. Provision 6:l) B, LC making strikes illegal is l~aramount Journal of commerce [Editorial] feature of 11roposed Congressional legis- The quasi public service strike. lation . . . (Journal of commerce, Sept. 6, 1919, p. 4: (Brotherhood of locomotive firemen and 3) B, LC. enginemen's magazine, v. 67, Oct. 1, Edftorlal comment on the rnilway shopmcu's B. strike on tilo New Torlc centrnl, the Bnl- 1919, p. 9-10) tllllore 6; Ohio nncl the Chicngo, Rurling- Efforts ,to avoid the greatest strilre of all; ton 6; Quhcy. widespread public sentiment against Labor's duty to the public. radicals who threaten general tie-up in (Literary d~gest,v. 62: Sept. 6, 1919, p. connection with proposal to pass the 13-16) Cummins railroad bill, making sudden Illuntrnte~lwith cnrtoons. lnbor disturbances illegal. Leslie's weeskly [Editomrial] (New 'Yorlr times, Nov 9, 1919, section 8, The public comes first p 1) B, LC. (Leslie's weekly, v. 129: 530; Oct. 4, 1919) BY John A. Sleichor. Gornpers, Samuel. Era of slavery has passed. Merchants' association of New York. 26 hr prevention of railroad strikes Mer- (American federationist, v. : 1046-48; chants recommend continuous service. Nov. 1919) Urges leglsbation to insure regulation of Ilsrvey's weekly [Editorial] employment in public service corpora- "The right to strike." tions with enforcement by state of con-

(Harvey's woelcly, v. 2, Nov. 8, 1919, 11. 7) tracts.~ . Harvey's meekly [Editorial] (Journal of commerce, Oct. 20,p1919, p. 4, Strikes and the law. col 3) B. ~esolutlonndoptcd by the bonrtl of dlrrc- (Harvey's weelrly, v. 2, no. 42 4, Oct. 18, tors. 1919) B, LC. Morawetz, Victor. EIearnshaw, P. J. C. Price remedy seen in gains in production Strikes : their ethical aspect. Lessened emciency of labor world over (London quarterly review, Oct. 1919: p. causes condition, says expert. Bar to 245-49) LC strikes asked. Basic economic realities Holland, gse~rd. should govern conference, Morawetz Holland's letter. All general strikes in warns. the past, if not supported by the public, (New YorB sun, Oct 2, 1919) B, LC. have failed Some famous examples. National association of manufacturers. (Wall Street journal, Sept. 26, 1919, p. 2, Statement . . . . (By Stephen C. Mason, col. 4) B, LC. president). SPECIAL LIBRARIES

(In U. S. Congress. House. Committee 16 p, B. on interstate and foreign commerce. Imvorlna a Inw forblddinu- strikes by mil- way mployeee. Return of the railroads to private own- Also in U. R. Congress. House. Cornmlttee ershio. Hearinrrs . . . . 1919. ~t.4. on interstate nnd foreign commerce. Re- Aug. 5, 1919. p.-616-18) turn of the rnllronds to prlvnto owner- lxtrncte in Wall Street joarnnl, Aug. 14,191'3 ship. Honrlnps . . . . Wnshington, 1019. p. 11, col. 1, under title: Mnnufacturer~ pt 0 . 1487-65. nek lnw to keep trnins runnlng. B, LC. ~orndenkfn New York times' Aug. 2- 1010; In New York tribune, A&. 22, 1015. New York tribune [Editorial] Abstrnct in Mutunl mngnzine, Oct 1010, Railroad strikes. p. 88. (New York tribune, Oct. 30, 1919,. .D. 10. umb plan league. col. 3) B! LC. Rail unions in ultiinatum on strike ban. New York tribune [Edltorial] Cummins law is declared to ''spell rev- The veto on railroad strikes. olution" in hot protest signed by four- (New York tribune, 0,ct. 20, 1919, p. 8) teen organizations. Right to walk out B, LC. held to Be inherent . . . . New York world [Editorial] (New Yorlc tribune, Sept. 14, 1919, p. 1) B, LC. No right to strike involved. Reprint of a statement issucd by the Plumb (New York world, Oct. 28, 1919, p. 10) plnn, lcnguc nnd signed by t,he hendu of

B, LC. fourteen rnllroncl employcs. ~ orgonlzn- The proposed con1 etrlke. tlons. One more sign of the times. Power to prevent strilcee. By a lawyer (Boston transcript, Oct. 21, 1919, p. 12, (New York tribune, Se~t.8, 1919, p. 8) col. 6) 13, LC. B, LC. The vote of the Sennte Committee on inter- stnte commerce n proving the anti-strlke Railroad trainman [Editorial] provision of thc Rmmius rnilrond bill. To test the right to strike. From the Chicago news. (Railroad trainman, v. 36: 820-21: Nov. Osborn, William Church. 1919) B. Public control of railroad wages. Railroads and the right to eat. (In Government versus private railroads. (Railway review, v, 65: 579-80; Oct. 18. Journal of the National institute OF 1919) 13. social sciences, v. 5, June 1, 1919, p. 129- From the Chicngo tribune. 35)--, -.R. Railway review editor if^!] Reprinted in Railwny nge v 60: 1197-08. Mny 16, 1019, with ed~idrinlcomment, p: A bill with "some mts. 1186-87. (Railway review, -v. 65: 344-45: Sept. G, Editorlnl comtnent also In Rallwng age, v. G8: 1919) B. 1070-80- hiny 2 1019. The Cumtninb bill. Extracts in ~nil&y rcvlew, v 04: 714-16. Mny 17. 1RI0: in Wnll Street journal, ~pr: Railway review [Elditorial] 20. lOlO, o. 8. col. 1. The need of anti-striko legislation. Outlook [~ditbl.ial] (Railway review, v. 66; 660-52; Nov. 1, An industrial war on the publlc. 1919) B. (Outlook, v. 121: 136, 138; Jan. 22, 1919) Republican publicity association. Palmer, A. Mitchell. . . . . Anti-strike clause approved. Wash- Palmer limits right to strike. "No gov- ington, Sept. 26, 1919. 1 mime. p.. l'O Met. ernment worthy of the name" can per- 316. B. mit some of them, he declares . (New York times, Nov. 7,1919, p. ~j B,LC. Republican publicity association. Speech nt a conference on the hlgh cout of . . . . The keynote to prosperity. Wash- living, Hnrrisburg, Pa., Nov. G. ington, Oct. -, 1919. 1 mime. p. fO Philadelphia inquirer [Editorial] Met. 319. 1029. 11 Will not give up the strike weapon. Our transportntlon system- nccesslty for Ll~e nntt-stri~ceclnuse in the cum~u~nsruil. (Philadelphia inquirer, Sept. 9, 1919, p 10, rond blll. col. 2) B, LC. Republican publicity association. Warren S. Stone's stntemrnt in regard to str~ke-forbifldlng provisions in Curnullnu . . . . The "right to quit." Washington, b111 Oct. 28, 1919. 1 mime. p. fa. Met. 326. ~hiladelphiapublic ledger [E'ditoriall 319. 1029. B. Power to nrevent strikes. The right to quit. (ingineerhg & contracting, v. 52: 427; (liailroad trainman, v. 36: 771-73; Kov Oct. 15, 1919) LC. 1919) B. Piez, Charles. The right to strike. While 'a man has an Testimony of Charles Piez, chairman, inalienable right to liberty, he cannot Transportation committee, Illinois man- turn that liberty into licenee to injure ufacturers' association, before the inler- others. No "God-given right" to strike. state and foreign commerce committ,ee, (Boston transcript, Nov. 6, 1919, p. 6) House of representatives . . . .August B,LC. 21, 1919. Chicago, 1919. From thc I~uisvlllecourier-journnl. 266 SPECIAL ' LIBRARIES

Says men would defy strike law. Shea U. 8. Congress. Senate. Committee on in- warns Congress of danger of revolution. terstate commerce. (Journal of comeme, Oct. 28, 1919, p. 5; Extensioa of tenure of government control col. 2) B, LC. of railroads. Hearings . . . . on the extension of time for relinquishment by Sherman, Lawrence Y. the government of railroads to corpor- Labor unions and the government; ad- ate ownership and control . . . . dress . . . . before the TrafB~club ot Washington, Govt. print. off, 1919. 3 v. 8O New York, Bept. 30th~1919. 4 p. 4". tol. 1 report of henrings conducted Jan. 8- (TrafRC club bulletin, Oct. 1919. [Supple ~eb.21 1910. vol. 2-3 report of hearings ment]) B, LC. before 'the iolnt sudcommittee of Con- 1, 1919. qress [Newlnnds committee], Nov. 20, Abstract in N6w York sun, Oct. 016-Dec. ID. 1017. Shopmen protest 2 railroad bills. Repre- VOI; 1 nlso lssu'ed in 12 parts. Right to strike dlscuaaed by R. C. Ful- sentatives of 400,000 threaten to walk brl ht p. 690-97, A. B. Qnrretson, p. out when Cummins measure reaches loo& D nniel Willnrd, p. 1252. second reading . . . . U. S. (New York world, Oct. 29, 1919, p. 3) Congress. Senate. Committee on in- B, LC. terstate commerce. 'Resolution unnnlmously adopted at tho . . . . Government control of railroads Pittsburgh convention protestin ngalnst . . . . Report. (To accompany S. 3288) the anti-strike proviaion of the Lmmins [Washington, 19191 bill. 17 p. 8" (66th Cong., 1st sess. Senate. Spillane, Richard. Report no. 304. Calendar no. 231) Time to call a halt to ,organized labor. Submltted by Mr. Cummlns. Nov. 10 1010.-Ordered to be printed. (Outlook, v. 123: 206-08; Oct. 1. 1919) 15-17. Reprinted from "Commerce and finance," "Lubor' provisions" : sopt. 3, 1010. U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on in- Springfield Republican [Editorial] terstate commerce. [Anti-strike provisions and private own- Prevention of strikes. Hearing . . . . ership] on S. 2906, a bill further to regulate (Sbringfleld Republican, Sept. 25, 1919, commerce among the states and with P. 8) B, LC. foreign nations and to amend an act en- Taft, William Howard. titled "An act to regulate commerce" When thugs had Saturnalia in Boston; ef- . . . . Washington, Govt. print, off., fect upon nation's behavior deflned at 1919. 146 p. 8' Stntements of Glenn E Plumb Samuel nonpartisan meeting in Malden armory Gompers, Wnrren S. stone, W.'N. Donk, last evening. S. E. Heberling, Andrew Furuaeth. (Boston trmscript, Oct. 31, 1919, p. 4) Abstrnct of Plum's stntement in Wall Streat B, LC. journal. Sept. 24 1010 p 10 col. 2. Rights n Abstract Af Gom er's' sta\em;?nt 'in Wall and Ilmitntione of labor-when Street journnl kpt. 24 101R, p. 11, col. 6. strike is illegal. Comment in ~rotectio~ist,v. 31: 420-21; Thomas, J. W. Nov. 1019. Editorial comment in Philndelphin inquirer, Mr. J. H. Thomas at Derby. The story of 25, 1910, 12, 2. the negotiations, Strikers and' the Sept. p. col. state . . . . U. S. Laws, statutes, etc. (Railway review, Oct. 24, 1919, p. 2-3) B. . . . . A bill further to regulate com- "To those people who are today talking merce among the states and with for- about preventing strikes nnd suggesting eign nations and to amend an act en- some legislntion must be introduced to mnke strlkes illegal I wlll say they nre titled "An act to regulate commerce," simply plnying with flre. . . . . The approved February 4, 1887 . . . . power and the rlght to strike ie our only [Washington, 19191 76 p. 4" (66th Cong., bargaining power, and we are going to retnin it up to the end of our dnys": 1st sess. S. 2906) p. 3, col. 8. Introd, bv Mr. Cummina Aug 23 (cnlen.dnr dny, ~ept.2) 101D. end twlce nnd re- . 5. Congress. House Committee on in- ferred to the Committee .on interstnte terstate and foreign commerce. commerce. Anti-strlke clauec: sec. 20, p. Return of the railroads to private owner- 47-48. ship. Hearings . . . . on H. R. 4378. U. S. haws, statutes, etc. July 15-Oct. 4, 1919. pt. 1-17. Washing- . . . . A bill further to regulate com- ton &v, print. off., 1919. 17 pts. go merce among the states and with foreign Right to strike cll~cusscd by W. N. Uoak, nations and to amend an act entitled pt. 2, p 801-38; G. R. Nutter, represent- ing the Boston Chamber of commerce "An act to regulate commerce," ap- Ilt. 0, . 1407-1505; G. W. Anderson, pt: proved February 4, 1887 . . . . [Wash- 9 P h3; H. Chamberlnln pt. 12. p. ington, 19191 2i40-'50; N. arb, pt. 13 p 2387-2s. w N Donk, pt. 10, p. 3016-36, 3117-10; A. ~bm: 96 p. 4' (66th Cong., 1st seas. S. 3288. Cal- pers, pt. 10, p. 3llO-41. endar no. 231) Edltorinl conmcnt on Uompers' testimony In Substituted for S. 3006 Introd. by Mr Pl~iladelpblninquirer, Oct. 0, 1019, p. 10, Cummlns Oct. 22 (calendar day, Oct col. 2. R, LC. 23) 1810; r~ndtwice and referred to the SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Commlttce on interstate commetce . Oct . Donk. W . N ...... 1017. 1919 22 (cnlendnr cloy. Oct . 23). 1010; re- Do~nergue J ...... 102 ported without amendment. Antl-strlke ~on~lngue;C ...... 1907 clnuse: sec . 30. p . 06.00 . Duff. RL A_...... -a.m1912 uann. s . u ...... ULI Wall...... Street "-lournal rEditorial1-- .... Anti-strike legislation . ~liot,c . w ...... 1917 (wall streetjournal, 10, 1919, 1, Elliott, H ...... :1916 ldrb . N ...... 1019

Wall Street journal [Editorial] Bngnot B ...... 1009 The harbor deserters. Geely. 'J . J ...... 1010 Fitch. J . A ...... 1017 (Wall Street journal. Oct. 2. 1919. p . 1. Blise LI...... 1012 co1. 2) B. LC! . ~oss'E . N ...... 1913 ~~ib;.ig~~t.R . c ...... 1010 Wall street journal [Editorial] Burusetb. A ...... 1017. 1010 Labor holding companies and trusts . Gnhey. I" . EI ...... 10W (Wall Street journal. Oct. 2. 1919. p . 1. col . Gnlllnr~l.Q . Olphe- ...... 1010 c01. 2-3) B. LC. Gnnzoni E 'I'...... 1911 ~arretsdn.h . B ...... 1010. 1017. 1910 Wall Street journal [Editorial] Q~rmnin. C ...... 1907 The "right" to paralyze Gide C ...... llfO0 . ~ill&te J N ...... 1916 (Wall Street journal. Sept. 20. 1919. p . 1. Goblet 'd' hlvielln B ...... 1911 co1. 8) B. LC . Gompcrs. s ...10. 1W1. 1010. 1913. 1910. 1911. 1910 Wall Street journal [Editorial] Guyot, Y ...... lUlO. 1011 The right to strike Hnle. R . L ...... 1011 . Hnndlboc J ...... 1002 (Wall Street journal. Nov . 3. 1919. p . 1. ~nrtnlnn'H . H ...... 1017 co1. 2) B. LC. ~enrnshiwB . J . C ...... 1018 IIcberllng 'S . El ...... 1D1D Wall Street journal [Editorial] Hoffmnnn' L ...... : ...... 1012 Unionism and the Cummins bill. ~ubert-~~llerout...... 1904 (Wall Street journal. Sept. 26. 1919. p . 1. Johnson. R ...... 1019 co1. 2) B . LC. Jounnny ...... 1017 Joyce, H ...... 1012 Washington post [Editorial] . For all the people IZcnnn. E. D ...... 1000 . Keufer, A ...... 1800 (Washington post. Oct. 28. 1919. p. 6) B. LC Lnyton. W . T...... 1912 . Lee. B ...... 1917 Woll. Matthew. Lee E ...... 1010. 1017 Compulsion destrom libertv. ~eo:W ...... 1017 Le Grom de Maret ...... 1010 (~mericanfederationist. -61 26: 166.67. Leo V ...... 1W8. 1011 Feb. 1919) ~erby,hi ...... : ...... 1011 Lindsny. 5. M ...... 1001 Louis. P ...... 1007. 1912 INDEX OF NAMES Lovett. R . S ...... 1010 (The flpures after thc nnrnes indicnte the y Mnblc E. C ...... 1914 under which references mill. bc found.) hinsod S. C ...... 1919 ~;pnp.d,?'~: ...... hlerrll't. W . 0 ...... 1010. 1017 ...... Montngue I3 . 0 ...... 1012 Aitchlson C. R ...... ~ornwetz:V ...... 1910 .4 nderson. Cr W ...... Moseley E . A ...... '1803 hIunk. h...... 1011 Ballantine. -4. A ...... Bellet D ...... el lo& M ...... g;Er;;ch.T~~...... Boaflsh. J . D . W ...... Boissnrd. A ...... Bouloc E ...... ~rinn(ie. A ...... Pnlmer. A . hi ...... 1010 Brouilliet. C ...... Pnrlclnson. I'. I ...... 1917 Brown. J . nr ...... l'erlinnl 1.1 . B ...... 1917 Brown P W ...... ~errcnu',C ...... 1900 ~rynn' J ...... Pesclluud . hf ...... 1011. 1913 ~uren;. P ...... Pic P ...... 1012 Butler. N . hI ...... ~'~chuenurd.c ...... 1009 Cnrter W . S ...... Piw. C ...... 1919 ~assoi.H . N ...... Plnnclnes . J ...... 1011 Chnmberlnln H ...... Plornb Q. E ...... I l0lD Clemcnts. j. c ...... puech. . L ...... 1910 Commons J . R ...... constnble' W . Q ...... Cook. W.' L ...... Coolidge. C ...... Crates ...... Crosby. 0. T ...... Co~nmlns. h B ...... 268 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Seilhac, L, de...... less liable to becarne soiled or di~colored Shea, Tiu~othx...... thru laboratory usage. Shep~nrd,TA. E...... Sherman L. P ...... The information given regarding the de@- Shouts, !k. P...... vation and manufacture of thme substances Slelcher, J. A...... Speer, E ...... listed is necessarily brief, and in many cases Spillnne R...... it would greatly add to the value of the work stockmdr, J ...... to have several references to sources dving Stoue, W.S...... 1017, Stone, H. 11:...... fuller information on these substances. The strnus. 0. S ...... possibilities of a work of this kind are Sullivnn, J. W.... .!...... almost unlimited. Tuft. W. H...... 1803, 1919 As a valuable handbook and time saver ~hnhosD. 1' ...... ; 1018 for the industrial and laboratory chemist Thomn~'.T. 11...... 1919 ~hompsbu,W. 0 ...... 1017 and reference librarian it is a most wel- Towne, H. R...... ,1916, 1917 comed publication and should find a place Vnlleroux, Hubert-...... 1W4 on the shelves of all technical libraries. Vnndervelde, E...... 1909 Illustrative of the information given, we Van Htse C R...... 1012, 1916, 1917 flnd the following under Saccharin: Veditx, c.' R;. A,...... 1012 Succhnriu* (Benzoylauli'ohic imide ' Bensosul- Wnlsh. F.-P., 1916 ...... A"-- Bui(le: Neosaccharln . Gln~ide*~ncchdrol- Qlyco- Wntte sine ; Sflxln ; Sykose i ~lusimicie; ~nrnntoie; Glu- Weine siclum ; Qlycophenol ; Sncchnrinol ; Bnccllndlnose ; White, L I)...... 1014 Ortho-benzoic sulfl~nide). CUI4COS02NH. Wlllnrd D...... 1919 Color and properties: White crystnlline pow- ~illinm's,S. E...... 1917 der; exCeecllngly sweet tnste (b00 times thnt of Worthlngton, l3. A...... 1013 cnne-sugnr). Ynrros, V. S...... 1915 Constmts: Meltinn ~oint:Decolnnoaea nt 220°C. Soluble in nmyl cetate, ethyl icetnte, henzol Zimmern~nnn. W...... 1910 anti nIcohoI. slightly soluble In mnter. ~crivntiod: A mixture of tolueuesulfonic ncids is converted into the sodium snlt. then 'distilled with phosphorus trichloride nnd cl~lorincto ob- tnin the ortho-compound which by menus of nm- The Condensed Chemical n~ouinis converted intb orthd-to~uenesu~fnmi(le. This is oxidized with permnngnnnte to the nlknli Dictionary salt of ortho-benzene8ulfnminlc acid nnd thc Ink- tcr trented with ncld nnd aflcchnrln crystnllizetl One of the most timely and valuable refer- "%A ,. ence aids for both chemists and general Method of nurificntlon : Recrvstnllizntion users is the new "Condensed Dictionary" ...... - ...... Co,ntnlners: T~R;dainss bottiis; recently published by the Chemical Catalog TJses : Mnnufncture of slrupe ; medicine; suh- Co of New Yorlr. This is the first work of stitute for suenr. nnrtlculnrlv in dlnbetes;. smeet- its kind in the English language and fills a &~-chnrnpnX~1eenils, soft drinks, etc. Fire hnsnrd: None. long-felt need for a handy compendium Rnilrond shipping regnlntions : None. giving in condensed form the properties and E. D. GREEINRIAN.

general characteristics of important chemi- p~ cal substances. This book should prove OF The Publications Committee of Library special value for all reference and technical Elmployees Union 16690 (463 Central Park libraries. The editors have in one volume West, New York City) has issued as collected and condensed the mass of infor- Pamphlet No. 1, A Btu&j Help om Industrial mation scattered through literature, on the Democracy. The literature cited covers the important chemicals and chemical aroductq years 1846 to 1919; short descriptive notes used In commerce or of commercial impor- accompany the titles. tance.-.--- to manufacturers. It comurises an alDhab6ti&l list - of chenlical substances giving definition, formula, color, melting and boiling points, brief description of prepara- tion and hses, properties and composition of commercial grades, containers, flre hazards and shipping regulations. In fact it is "a reference volume for all requiring quick access tb a large amount of essential data regarding chemicals and 'other substances used in mtlnufacturmg and laboratory work." It is copiously supplied with crosa- references. Iml~ortanttrade and proprietary names are listed and those products which are made in America are designated by an asterisk. The typography, paper and general "make- up" of the book are excellent. It mfght, how- ever, have we11 bem bound in a material

INDEX TO VOLUME 10 IN VOLUME 13.