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The Celtic Names of Dinckley and Sankey in Lancashire
The Celtic Names of Dinckley and Sankey in Lancashire Andrew Breeze Dinckley is in Lancashire; so was Sankey Brook until local govern ment reform in 1974 divided it between Lancashire and Cheshire. Both have Celtic names of obscure origin. This note suggests etymologies for them, perhaps shedding light on the region’s landscape and society before the Anglo-Saxon occupation.1 Dinckley, near Blackburn Dinckley (SD 6836) is a small parish (about a mile square) with no village, on the south side of the Ribble five miles north of Blackburn. It is recorded as Dunkythele and Dinkedelay in 1246 and Dinkedelegh in 1257, forms explained as perhaps from Celtic din ‘fort’ and coed ‘wood’ (meaning ‘fort by a wood’) plus Old English leah ‘wood’.2 But what follows challenges this, suggesting another interpretation. There is no problem here with Celtic din ‘fort’. Yet the rest of the name is hardly Celtic coed ‘wood’ + English leah ‘wood’, as this does not explain the final e in the second element -kythe-, -kede-, and -kede-. So much was pointed out by the anonymous referee of this paper’s first draft. He or she thus suggested a parallel between -kythele and Kidwelly ‘land of Cadwal’ in Carmarthenshire (though admitting that the absence of w in the Lancashire name is 1 The author records his warm appreciation of the comments of an anonymous referee on an earlier version of this paper. 2 Eilert Ekwall, The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (4th edn, Oxford, i960), p. 145; Richard Coates and Andrew Breeze, Celtic voices, English places (Stamford, 2000), pp. -
Old English Newsletter
OLD ENGLISH NEWSLETTER Published for The Old English Division of the Modern Language Association of America by The Department of English, University of Tennessee, Knoxville VOLUME 42 NUMBER 3 & 4 2010 ISSN 0030-1973 Old English Newsletter Volume 42 Number 3 & 4 2010 Editor R. M. Liuzza, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Associate Editors Year’s Work in Old English Studies: Daniel Donoghue, Harvard University Bibliography: Bob Hasenfratz, University of Connecticut Contributing Editors Research in Progress: Heide Estes, Monmouth University Conference Abstracts: Dana Oswald, University of Wisconsin, Parkside Editorial Board Patrick W. Conner, West Virginia University Antonette diPaolo Healey, Dictionary of Old English David F. Johnson, Florida State University Catherine Karkov, University of Leeds Ursula Lenker, University of Munich Mary Swan, University of Leeds Assistant to the Editor: R. Scott Bevill The Old English Newsletter (ISSN 0030-1973) is published for the Old English Division of the Modern Language As- sociation by the Department of English, University of Tennessee, 301 McClung Tower, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0430; email [email protected]. The generous support of the Department of English at The University of Tennessee is gratefully acknowledged. Subscriptions: The rate for institutions is $20 US per volume; the rate for individuals is $15 per volume, but in order to reduce administrative costs the editors ask individuals to pay for two volumes at once at the discounted rate of $25. Individual back issues can be ordered for $5 each. All payments must be made in US dollars. A subscription form is online at http://www.oenewsletter.org/OEN/subscription_form.pdf. Correspondence: General correspondence regarding OEN, including changes of address, should be sent to the Editor; correspondence regarding the Year’s Work, Bibliography, Research in Progress or Abstracts should be sent to the re- spective Associate or Contributing Editors. -
The Housman Society Journal (2018)
The Housman Society Journal Volume Forty-Four2018 Editor: Derek Littlewood The Housman Society 80 New Road Bromsgrove WorcestershireB 60 2LA England CharityNumber 100107 ISSN 0305-926X Website: http://www.housman-society.co.uk E-mail: [email protected] TheReproduced illustration by on courtesy the cover of the is Nationalfromthe drawingPortrait ofGallery, A. E. Housman London by Francis Dodd, 1926 The Housman Society Founders John Pugh and Joe Hunt President Sir Christopher Ricks, MA, BLitt., FBA Vice-Presidents Prof. Archie Burnett MA, DPhil Peter Clague MA, MBA Prof. Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV Sir Andrew Motion FRSL P.G. Naiditch MA, MLS Jim Page MBE, MA Prof. Norman Page MA, PhD, FRSCan. Sir Tom Stoppard OM, OBE Gerald Symons Chairman Peter Waine BSc. Vice-Chairman Andrew Maund MA, MPhil General Secretary Max Hunt MA, Dip.Ed. Treasurer Richard Aust OBE, M.Ed., MSc, Dip.Sp.Ed. Editor of the Journal Derek Littlewood BA, MA, PhD Editor of the Newsletter Julian Hunt FSA Committee Jane Allsopp BMus. Jennie McGregor-Smith Jo Slade BA (Hons) Econ. Pat Tansell Housman Society Journal Volume Forty-Four December 2018 Laurence Housman as Literary Executor Julian Hunt of A.E. Housman 1 Letters from Laurence and Clemence Housman Julian Hunt 10 to Ida Stafford Northcote Rutupinaque litora and Lucan vi 67 Andrew Breeze 27 Orcadas and Juvenal ii 161 Andrew Breeze 36 And Thick on Severn Snow the Leaves Andrew Breeze 46 ‘Grasp the Nettle’: Some Thoughts on ASL XVI Darrell Sutton 59 Review of Edgar Vincent, A. E. Housman: Hero of the Hidden Life Andrew Maund 69 Biographies of Contributors 76 The Housman Society and Journal 77 Laurence Housman as Literary Executor of A.E. -
Celtic Whispers: Revisiting the Problems of the Relation Between Brittonic and Old English1 Richard Coates
Celtic whispers: revisiting the problems of the relation between Brittonic and Old English1 Richard Coates I have had an interest in the subject matter of this paper for well over half a century. I had a primary-school teacher, an inspiring Welshman with a 1500- year-old ethnic chip on his shoulder. He took the view that the English had cheated the ancestors of the Welsh out of their rightful heritage, namely the whole of England. In this paper, as an Englishman, I intend to atone for any sins of my illegal-immigrant forefathers by reconsidering questions concerning what happened between the Britons and the English, especially in south and east England, in the middle of the first millennium of our era. Naïve observation tells us that light may come from many different direc- tions. Its different sources may all illuminate an object. But depending on the relative strength of the sources, strong light from one direction will overwhelm the contribution of a weaker one from a different direction, and maybe give the impression that the weaker one contributes hardly more than a shadow. If it is the birth of England which is to be illuminated, then the light to be considered comes from three sources: history (including archaeology), genetics and lin- guistics. We all know that history used to be about using evidence to ascertain what the facts were – “wie es eigentlich gewesen”, in the often-quoted words of Leopold von Ranke. Since that is the case, written sources purporting to supply historical facts have, for understandable reasons, been given a privileged posi- tion as regards the amount of light cast on their subject. -
The Housman Society Journal Vol.40 (Dec 2014)
The Housman Society Journal Volume Forty 2014 !Editor: David Butterfield TheHousman Society 80 New Road Bromsgrove WorcestershireB 60 2LA England Cha.riryNumber 100107 ISSN 0305-926X Website: http://www.housman-society.co.uk E-mail: info@h ousman-society.co.uk The illustrationon the cover is fromthe dravring of A. E. Housman by Francis Dodd, 1926 Reproduced by courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London The Housman Society Founders John Pugh and Joe Hunt President Sir Christopher Ricks, MA, BLitt., FBA Vice-Presidents Professor Archie Burnett, MA, DPhil. Peter Clague, MA, MBA Colin Dexter OBE Christopher Edwards, MA Professor Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV Sir Geoffrey Hill, DLitt., FRSL Paul Naiditch, MA, MLS Professor Norman Page, MA, PhD, FRSCan. Sir Tom Stoppard, OM, OBE Gerald Symons Chairman Jim C. Page, MBE, MA 80 New Road, Bromsgrove, B60 2LA Vice-Chairman Robin Shaw, BSc. General Secretary Peter Sisley Ladywood Cottage, Baveney Wood, Cleobury Mortimer, DY14 8HZ Honorary Treasurer Max Hunt, MA, Dip. Ed. 7 Dowles Road, Bewdley, DY12 8HZ Membership Secretary Max Hunt Minuting Secretary Ann Fitzgerald, BA (Hons) Editor of the Journal David Butterield, MA, MPhilέ, PhD Queens’ College, Cambridge, CB3 9ET Editor of the Newsletter Andrew J.M. Maund, MA, MPhil. 57 Marlborough Avenue, Bromsgrove, B60 2PH Committee Sonia French, BA, Dip. Lib. Soc. Sci. Jennie McGregor-Smith Elizabeth Oakley, MA, LRAM, Dip.RSA Valerie Richardson Daniel Williams BA, PGCE 2 Housman Society Journal Volume Forty December 2014 Chairman’s Notes Jim Page 4 The Housman Lecture David Edgar 8 ‘Where we should never be’: Housman and the Unattainable Scott Pettitt 38 Two unpublished Housman Letters in Cape Town Jeffrey Murray 61 A Dinner by Housman David Damant 65 Delight it is in Youth and May Andrew Breeze 74 Housman’s Continental Life Jeffrey Scott 79 Five Housman Notes and Queries David Butterfield 86 Some Thoughts on the Language of More Poems XXIV Darrell Sutton 97 Mr. -
Leeds Studies in English
Leeds Studies in English Article: Andrew Breeze, 'Bede's Civitas Domnoc and Dunwich, Suffolk', Leeds Studies in English, n.s. 36 (2005), 1-4 Permanent URL: https://ludos.leeds.ac.uk:443/R/-?func=dbin-jump- full&object_id=123784&silo_library=GEN01 Leeds Studies in English School of English University of Leeds http://www.leeds.ac.uk/lse Bede's Civitas Domnoc and Dunwich, Suffolk Andrew Breeze Bede's civitas Domnoc, where Felix of Burgundy established his see and converted the people of Suffolk, is a problem for both philologists and historians. Although many identify it as Dunwich (TM 4770), where the sea has washed away the medieval town, others prefer Walton Castle (TM 3235), a Saxon Shore fort (now also under water) near Felixstowe. If the location is uncertain, so is the form. Most read civitas Dommoc, but some argue for Domnoc. As for the meaning of Domnoc (or Dommoc), this is obscure as well. It must be Celtic, yet there is no agreement on whether it is from British or Irish, or on what it signifies. But no confidence is inspired by John Morris's astonishing suggestion of a link with St Dyfnog, son of Medraut, and hence perhaps grandnephew of King Arthur. Location, form, and etymology are thus all unclear. Nevertheless, a vital breakthrough has been made by Professor Richard Coates of the University of Sussex, who backs up earlier archaeological arguments with his own linguistic ones.2 What follows differs from his conclusions in one point only, though that a significant one. Let us look at what he says. -
Scandinavian Loanwords in English in the 15Th Century
Studia Celtica Posnaniensia, Vol 1 (1), 2016 doi: 10.1515/scp-2016-0001 THE EARLY WELSH CULT OF ARTHUR: SOME POINTS AT ISSUE ANDREW BREEZE University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain ABSTRACT A recent discussion of Arthur and Wales prompts a reply, using up-to-date research. It offers these surprising conclusions. Arthur really existed: he is not a myth or a legend, but historical. He will not have been Welsh, but a North Briton, and perhaps a Strathclyder. His battles, fought against other Britons and not the English, can all be located in southern Scotland and the Borders. Camlan, where Arthur fell, can be securely dated to 537 (after the Welsh annals) and situated north of Carlisle on Hadrian’s Wall (as proposed in 1935 by O. S. G. Crawford). The battle of Mount Badon in 493 will, however, have nothing to do with Arthur or North Britain. It was a British victory over the English, fought near Swindon and perhaps at the hillfort of Ringsbury overlooking Braydon Forest. Proponents of a Northern Arthur, like Rachel Bromwich (1915- 2010) and Charles Thomas (1928-2016) can thus be vindicated against those rejecting a Northern Arthur, like Professor Kenneth Jackson (1909-91) of Edinburgh. Keywords: Arthur, North Britain, Camlan, Mount Badon, Geoffrey of Monmouth A recent article by Dr Gerald Morgan provides an interesting survey of Arthurian tradition as seen in Wales (cf. Morgan 2014). Its Welsh focus is defined by the fourteen items in its bibliography. Nine are books published by University of Wales Press; others are an Aberystwyth MPhil thesis of 2009, a paper by the Aberystwyth professor Thomas Jones (1910-72), and a chapter by Dr Morgan, also of Aberystwyth. -
The Arthurian Battle List of the Historia
THE ‘ARTHURIAN BATTLE LIST’ OF THE HISTORIA BRITTONUM Keith J Fitzpatrick-Matthews Introduction Perhaps the most widely discussed and most contested aspect of the early ninth-century Cambro-Latin Historia Brittonum is the evidence it contains for the figure of Arthur. The character is central to a vast body of later literature and the most important of insular literary creations. It is the earliest certain record of the name of a British hero who was to develop into a larger-than-life individual known throughout medieval Europe and subsequently much of the rest of the world; potentially earlier mentions in the poetic cycle Y Gododdin and in Marwnad Cynddylan are not accepted by all. The controversy at the core of the ‘Arthurian problem’, at least in so far as it involves the history of fifth- and sixth-century Britain, derives from the lack of contemporary or even near-contemporary evidence for the person bearing this name, who is supposed in these later sources to have lived around AD 500. Supporters of an ‘historical Arthur’ have generally seen the Historia as the most persuasive confirmation of the existence of a person who led the British resistance to the Anglo-Saxon settlement of eastern Britain (e.g. Alcock 1971, 88). Others have seen the document as a carefully crafted political statement, reflecting the concerns of early ninth-century Gwynedd and containing little or nothing of value to the history of earlier ages (e.g. Higham 2002, 169). For most twenty-first century historians, the character of Arthur inhabits the realm of folklore, not history (e.g.