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Opioid epidemic: Fred Flati, a cop in East Liverpool, Ohio, shows a photo he took of a Sept. 7 overdose case that later went viral Photograph by Ben Lowy for TIME

2 | Conversation The View The Features Time Of 4 | For the Record Ideas, opinion, What to watch, read, The Brief innovations  Uncivil War see and do News from the U.S. and 13 | Rana Foroohar The Republican nominee takes 85 | Christopher around the world on the culture that aim at his party Guest’s latest faux 5 | enables the 1% to By Alex Altman and Philip Elliott20 documentary, U.S.-Russia shield wealth from Mascots relations reach new fair taxation low 88 | Kevin Hart’s 14 | How table concert movie 6 | Meet the new The Issues manners serve up A voter’s guide to the domestic AmericanCardinals life lessons 89 | Ava DuVernay’s and foreign policy challenges that 7| 13th: a doc on the Violence escalates 15 | Glow-in-the- America’s next President must amendment that in Yemen Aug. 22, 2016 dark bike paths address. Featuring commentary abolished slavery 8 | from Barack Obama on closing Ian Bremmer on 15 | Tips for being 92 | YouTube’s what Brexit means more creative the wage gap; John Legend Miranda Sings for the E.U. market on combatting institutional makes its TV debut 16 | 9 First uterus racism; Melinda Gates on paid | Why sending 95 | transplants from leave for child and elder care; Kristin van humans to Mars by living donors Ogtrop begs her son 2030 is unlikely performed in U.S. Vivek Murthy on the opioid to register to vote 10 | crisis; Nicholas Rasmussen on Hurricane 18 | Joe Klein on 96 | 10 Questions for terrorism; and Hillary Clinton on Oct. 24, 2016 Matthew destroys the emails about Labour Party leader Haiti American exceptionalism 28 Clinton made public Jeremy Corbyn ON THE COVER: by WikiLeaks Illustration by Edel Rodriguez for TIME

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SYRIA’S FIRST RESPONDERS Jared Malsin’s Oct. 17 cover story was a “wonderful” por- trait of the “humanitarian eforts” of the White Helmets in Syria, wrote Paul Williams of New Windsor, N.Y., and Bob Rosenberger of Spring Hill, Fla., agreed: “The ar- ticle should have ‘May the BEHIND THE LENS In a new video series from TIME’s photo been available when White department, some of the world’s best photographers relect on the Nobel Commit- Helmets what it’s like to capture iconic images. First up: Elliott Erwitt, who tee was deciding the of Syria, snapped the shot above in New York City in 1974. For more, visit peace prize.” Many and TIME, time.com/lightbox were especially continue moved by the Quran their good verse on our cover, BONUS with some readers works.’ TIME MOTTO pointing out that a ARI HAHN, similar verse appears Cedarhurst, N.Y. in earlier Jewish rab- Subscribe to TIME’s free Motto AUF MARLA POWER: GIRL PHOTOS; ERWITT—MAGNUM ELLIOTT LENS: THE BEHIND binic texts as well. newsletter and get Jehan Jaleel, a Muslim reader from South weekly advice from Plainield, N.J., applauded TIME’s use of prominent thinkers the verse for highlighting “the true teach- and provocative ings of Islam—how believers are called on to GIRL POWER Second Lady Dr. Jill Biden storytellers. recently traveled to Malawi, where she For more, visit aid in the preservation of human life and to time.com/email have the sincerest of love, compassion and met with women like Memory Banda, 19, above, who pushed to raise the legal age care for all people.” of marriage, allowing girls to stay in school. SETTING THE Read her report attime.com/biden-malawi RECORD STRAIGHT TRUTH AND DARE TIME’s Oct. 17 exploration ▶ In our Oct. 17 article of the question of truth in this year’s presidential- on Next Generation election season struck a chord with readers like Leaders, we inaccu- Pam Taylor of Zeeland, Mich., who felt it should have SOUND OF JUSTICE rately described the been the cover story. “This is such an important, Linguists have studied person Molly Crabapple time sensitive issue, that [the article] deserved recordings of Supreme Court is working with on her next book. He is a jour- to be front and center,” Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg to show how accents can nalist who uses Marwan she wrote. David Wallach Hisham as his pseud- of McMurray, Pa., agreed adapt to surroundings. Hear onym, and he is based ‘Superb but lamented that writers them at time.com/rbg in Turkey. IMAGES WILSON—GETTY MARK JUSTICE: OF SOUND MUTH—TED; article. Charlotte Alter and Michael Scherer might well be TALK TO US The writers “preaching to the choir.” ▽ ▽ SEND AN EMAIL: FOLLOW US: have Still others felt focusing [email protected] facebook.com/time summed up on falsehoods that are Please do not send attachments @time (Twitter and Instagram) believed by some of Donald precisely Trump’s supporters was what this unfair. “Hillary Clinton Letters should include the writer’s full name, address and home election has is also guilty of being telephone and may be edited for purposes of clarity and space dishonest,” wrote Lee become.’ Kushner of Angelus Oaks, Back Issues Contact us at [email protected] or call 1-800-274-6800. Reprints and Permissions Information C.M. NOAKES, Calif., a self-described is available at time.com/reprints. To request custom reprints, Democrat, “and yet this is Advertising Roswell, Ga. visit timereprints.com. For advertising rates and Please recycle this not brought forth.” our editorial calendar, visit timemediakit.com. Syndication magazine and remove For international licensing and syndication requests, visit inserts or samples timeinc.com/syndication or call 1-212-522-5868. before recycling ADVERTISEMENT power through your workout MAKE POM YOUR WORKOUT PARTNER. In a preliminary 2014 UT study on 45 Certain types of polyphenol antioxidants, like recreationally active young men, the post- Find out how the those found in pomegranate juice, may help exercise arm and leg strength was signifi cantly polyphenols found increase nitric oxide bioavailability by protecting higher in men drinking 8oz of pomegranate it from breaking down in the body. 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HARRISON BROWNE, 23-year-old player for the National Women’s Hockey League’s Buffalo Beauts, explaining why he is coming out as transgender; he is believed to be the irst openly transgender athlete on a U.S. professional hockey team ‘He owes our country Ken Bone ‘THE PLACE The Illinois energy worker an apology.’ became a viral star after the HILLARY CLINTON, Democratic presidential nominee, HAS BEEN debate criticizing Trump for what she characterized as repeated sexist, racist TURNED and Islamophobic statements leading up to the Oct. 9 debate

GOOD WEEK INTO A BAD WEEK $2.3 million LAKE OF CDONALD TRUMP, Republican presidential penalty assigned MURAD TAWFIQ, rescuer, nominee, to Clinton in the debate, after describing Sana‘a, the capital of fact, the viral saying that if elected, he would assign to a cable operator Yemen, after Saudi-led airstrikes star a special prosecutor to investigate and by the FCC hit a funeral hall on Oct. 8, imprison his opponent; the assertion killing at least 100 people and drew comparisons to a dictatorship wounding more than 500 ILLUSTRATIONS BY BROWN BIRD DESIGN FOR TIME; GETTY IMAGES (2) IMAGES GETTY TIME; FOR DESIGN BIRD BROWN BY ILLUSTRATIONS ‘I just inally thought, 13 “Darn it, let’s do it. I’m Number of American Music Award nominations received tired of putting it of.”’ by Drake, breaking Michael Jackson’s TIMOTHY DOLAN, Cardinal and Archbishop of New York, unveiling a compensation program for victims 32-year-old record for of sex abuse by clergy members; some critics say his timing suggests an attempt to stymie lobbying most AMA nominations efforts for legislation that would allow more victims to sue the archdiocese in a single year

4 TIME October 24, 2016 SOURCES: GREAT PUMPKIN COMMONWEALTH; NEW YORK TIMES; VICE ‘A PRESIDENTIAL PLEDGE TO GO TO MARS IS EXCITING, BUT IT’S NOT ALL OBAMA’S CALL.’ —PAGE 9

NATIONAL SECURITY U.S.-Russia tensions reach dangerous new level By Massimo Calabresi

EVERY DAY AMERICAN PILOTS ly scores of sorties against terror- ist targets in Syria. And on every mission, the pilots watch their in- struments for signs that one of the Syrian government’s thousands of surface-to-air missiles, includ- ing Russian batteries possibly manned by Russian military ad- visers, is preparing to blow them out of the sky. The pilots aren’t the only ones worrying. The dangerous consequences of an accidental U.S.-Russian confrontation in Syria are front of mind for senior American oicials right now— over the past two weeks, rela- tions with Moscow have taken a sharp and accelerating turn for the worse around the world. Rus- sia has deployed nuclear-capable forces to the Mediterranean and to the Baltic exclave of Kalinin- grad, a Russian province sepa- rated since 1945 from the moth- erland by Poland and Lithuania, △ duous diplomacy, Secre- but the Pentagon didn’t two NATO allies. The U.S. has Russian tary of State John Kerry and trust Moscow. President publicly accused Russia of med- President Russian Foreign Minister Barack Obama and his se- dling in the upcoming U.S. presi- Vladimir Putin Sergei Lavrov announced nior national-security team dential election and the White wants to make a cease-ire in the 5½-year had to overrule repeated House is threatening unspeciied his country a Syrian civil war. But the Pentagon objections to the global player retaliation. Relations are now at once more deal was strained from the deal, according to a senior their lowest since the end of the start. Russia insisted on Administration oicial. The Cold War, and Washington and creating a Joint Implemen- Pentagon saluted and read- Moscow are worrying about how tation Center (JIC) where ied for its role in the JIC, much worse things can get. American and Russian oi- but its displeasure leaked to The recent unraveling began cers would sit together and the media. with a moment of hope. On share targeting data on ISIS Five days after the Sept. 9, after seven months of ar- and al-Qaeda. Kerry agreed, deal went into efect, the GETTY IMAGES PHOTOGRAPH BY MIKHAIL SVETLOV 5 TheBrief

U.S. accidentally bombed Syrian government RELIGION forces in the east of the country, killing at least America’s 60 Syrian troops. The U.S. apologized for the TICKER error, but Russia said the U.S. was intentionally new Cardinals undermining the cease-ire. Two days later, Syrian Pope Francis recently named 17 new air forces—and likely Russian ones too, according Ethiopia declares Cardinals, including three Americans, who to Washington—attacked a U.N. aid convoy to the a six-month state will serve as his primary advisers after their of emergency Nov. 19 induction. Like Francis, the trio come besieged and beleaguered city of Aleppo, killing at from the church’s progressive wing, having least 20 people. The Oct. 9 spoken for immigrants, women and LGBT On Oct. 3, with the Syrian and Russian slaugh- proclamation, from Catholics, and their appointment signals a ter of civilians in Aleppo accelerating, the U.S. de- Prime Minister shift toward (relative) liberalism among the —Tara John clared the bilateral diplomatic efort with Russia Hailemariam Desalegn, U.S. Catholic leadership. dead. The same day, Russian President Vladimir followed waves of violent antigovernment Putin announced he was suspending a 16-year-old protests from the BLASE CUPICH nuclear agreement with the U.S., and over the fol- country’s two largest The Chicago Archbishop lowing week he shelved two more. On Oct. 5, Rus- ethnic groups (the supports gun-control sia sent two warships armed with nuclear-capable Oromos and the laws and called for more outreach to the Catholic Kalibr cruise missiles to the Mediterranean, and Amharas), who claim they are being LGBT community, which three days after that, Rus- politically repressed by feels alienated from the sia deployed its nuclear- the ruling Tigrayans. church. Like the Pope, he has pushed other ‘Putin is capable ballistic missile Archbishops to be a voice for migrants and writing o the system Iskander to Kalin- Chicago averts a is open to the possibility of divorced or remarried Catholics’ receiving Communion. past 15 years ingrad. On Oct. 7, Russia teachers’ strike of [relations]. said it might reopen spy The Chicago Teachers Everything’s and military bases in Cuba Union and the nation’s JOSEPH TOBIN and Vietnam. third largest school The Indianapolis Archbishop back on openly opposed Indiana At the same time, Rus- district reached a the table.’ tentative agreement Governor Mike Pence’s efforts sian meddling in the U.S. Oct. 10, after more to bar Syrian refugees from TOM GRAHAM , top election accelerated, with than a year of being resettled in the state Russia adviser to in 2015. He also defended George W. Bush new leaks of emails stolen negotiations over budgets and pensions. American nuns after the Vatican, under then by agents of Russian mili- Pope Benedict XVI, launched an investigation tary intelligence emerging Hungarians fear a against them in 2010, partly because of their almost daily via WikiLeaks and other sources. On media clampdown support of LGBT equality. Oct. 7, the U.S. intelligence chief announced that The abrupt Oct. 8 Russia was to blame for the leaks, and on Oct. 11 KEVIN FARRELL closure of Hungary’s the White House threatened a “proportional” re- While in Texas, the former largest independent sponse. Washington believes Putin wanted the bishop of Dallas—he was newspaper prompted promoted in September to Syrian cease-ire, and the direct military coopera- fears of government head of the Vatican’s new tion with the U.S. that he demanded, as a way to censorship. Although ofice on laity, family and life the paper’s publisher signal Russia’s return as a global player. Now he issues—banned guns in city says it was shuttered is taking back multiple concessions made during churches, advocated for immigrants and said because of inancial his reign. “Putin is writing of the past 15 years of gays and lesbians should be treated with losses, opposition compassion, even though he thinks the church U.S.-Russian relations,” says Tom Graham, former parties blamed Prime will never accept same-sex marriage. President George W. Bush’s top Russia aide. “Ev- Minister Viktor Orban. erything’s back on the table.” The State Department is trying to restart diplo- WHO urges countries to tax macy through other channels: on Oct. 12, the U.S. sugary drinks DIGITS announced upcoming multilateral Syria talks that include Russia. The most important remaining The World Health contact, however, may be the line of communica- Organization’s Oct. 11 tion the two sides keep open to prevent accidental recommendation came 550 in a lengthy report conlict between U.S. and Russian forces in Syria. about the need to Amid the chaos, that could be a lash point for a reduce consumption MILLION wider confrontation. “They haven’t crossed the of drinks like soda in point of no return,” says Graham, but “who knows order to ight obesity, Time, in hours spent every day globally by girls ages 5 to 14 on household chores where it stops once you’re shooting at each other?” diabetes and tooth decay. like caring for family members or cleaning, —With reporting by SIMON SHUSTER/BERLIN and according to a report from UNICEF; boys, by MARK THOMPSON/WASHINGTON □ comparison, spend 440 million hours

6 TIME October 24, 2016 DATA

THE COST OF STIFLING THE INTERNET

When 19 governments shut down portions of the Internet in their countries over the past year, it cost the global economy $2.4 billion, says the Brookings Institution. A sampling:

–$968,080,702 India

SOUTH AFRICA FEE MELEE A police oficer holds his gun on protesters huddled in Johannesburg’s Braamfontein district on Oct. 10. Their demonstration was part of the Fees Must Fall movement, started by students to protest rising tuition fees at South African universities. The government says hikes should affect only those who can afford them, but protesters counter that poor black students will be hit hardest. Photograph by John Wessels—AFP/Getty Images –$465,280,632 Saudi Arabia

MIDDLE EAST Yemen’s tragic civil war reaches a new –$320,456,034 level of violence Morocco

THE CONFLICT IN YEMEN—NOW a year and a half old—is called with P

POLIS; reason the “forgotten war.” But an air strike on a funeral hall in Sana‘a –$116,038,230 that killed at least 140 people on Brazil Oct. 8 is drawing renewed attention to the trauma of the Arab world’s poorest country.

WHO’S TO BLAME The attack was △ Iran, have backed opposing sides, using The strike on –$69,769,394 blamed on a U.S.-backed international the ighting there as part of their in- Pakistan military coalition led by Saudi Arabia— the wedding creasingly dangerous competition for and it’s far from the irst attack on hall was the regional supremacy. bystanders. In August the U.N. said the deadliest since conlict had killed an estimated 10,000 the war began in U.S. RESPONSE The attack may force March 2015 civilians since the intervention began. Washington to reconsider its support for the Saudi campaign in Yemen, but –$8,539,355 PROXY WAR Yemen began as a civil war, even so, there is no sign the killing is Ethiopia FARRELL: THE CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF DALLAS; MIDDLE EAST: HANI MOHAMMED—A CUPICH: SCOTT OLSON—GETTY IMAGES; TOBIN: THE ARCHDIOCESE OF INDIANA but Saudi Arabia and its main rival, anywhere near over. —JARED MALSIN 7 TheBrief

THE RISK REPORT loss of E.U. market access won’t badly The harsh reality of damage Britain’s economy. Or perhaps May’s TICKER government can still strike the sort of trade Brexit sets in deal that the E.U. has negotiated over many By Ian Bremmer years with Canada. Yet Canada’s agreement Samsung kills only partly covers services, which account for Galaxy Note 7 more than 75% of the U.K.’s economy, and a THE MORNING AFTER BRITONS VOTED TO similar deal for the The decision came on Oct. 11, a day after the leave the E.U., there was considerable Markets U.K. would not allow company halted global apprehension across the U.K. Even some who look set to British inancial- sales of the devices had voted for Brexit did so with conidence punish the services irms the amid reports that some that choosing Leave was merely a protest U.K. Investors E.U. market access were spontaneously vote and that Remain would carry the day. they’ve enjoyed in catching ire; attempts don’t like bad to rectify the issue Obviously they were wrong, but there was news, and the past. It would were undermined when considerable relief when the immediate also make it much replacement devices economic fallout from the vote appeared less they hate more diicult for also malfunctioned. damaging than feared. International markets uncertainty U.K.-based banks Report links came to understand that negotiations over to get so-called forest res to the terms of exit and Britain’s future relations passporting rights within the E.U. These are climate change with the E.U. would take at least two years, and losses that would have serious long-term probably longer. Many hoped that their fears impacts on Britain’s future. Man-made climate about Brexit had been exaggerated. Markets look set to punish the U.K. change has played a role in doubling In the weeks following the vote, Investors don’t like bad news, and they hate the area burned speculation centered on how Britain might uncertainty. May says Britain will formally by forest ires in cut a deal that would preserve its access to the begin exit negotiations in March 2017. But the Western U.S. European single market. Yet newly minted substantive talks are unlikely to take place over the past three Prime Minister Theresa May understands until after next fall, when Germany holds decades, according to a new study. It has what the optimists refuse to see—that no national elections. European leaders will also lengthened the Conservative Party leader can survive by make the negotiations as lengthy and painful ire season. publicly considering a deal that leaves British as possible to discourage any notion among borders open to the free movement of E.U. voters in other E.U. member countries Hong Kong citizens or Britain subject to E.U. laws. At a that exit is easy. May, who has no mandate lawmakers defy China party conference this month in Birmingham, from the broader British public, will have May made clear that she understands what to keep things quiet on her side, because Three of Hong Kong’s her constituents expect: to reclaim control rumors of key concessions will undermine newly elected pro- of borders and laws. All else is secondary. her strength at home and the lexibility of democracy lawmakers Brexit means Brexit. her bargaining position. were barred from the legislature on Perhaps the lack of an immediate crisis In the meantime, Britain and all who invest Oct. 12 for intentionally has created a complacent sense that the in its future can expect a very rocky ride. □ modifying their oaths of ofice in deiance of Beijing. They will have to be sworn in ANIMALS WALLABIES JAGUARS BIG-HORN SHEEP again later. In 2009, a group The large Amazonian Some have been spotted Under the was found snacking feline has been acting ill or loony after McDonald’s on opium poppies in documented eating the eating psychoactive benches Ronald inuence Australia, legally grown hallucinogenic yagé lichen in the Canadian McDonald A lock of starlings to make medicine. vine—used to make Rockies—and even recently made headlines Lara Giddings, who the psychoactive drug straying from their herd The decision, which by mysteriously lying was attorney general ayahuasca—and to get more, which is temporary, came into trucks and cars on of Tasmania, told a behaving like a is highly unusual amid a series of an Austrian motorway, parliamentary hearing kitten on catnip. behavior. reports (many unsub- causing miles-long that the wallabies would stantiated) about trafic jams. Turns out it get “high as a creepy clown sightings was because they were kite” and hop in the U.S., which made drunk—speciically, on in circles. the fast-food titan wary

fermented berries. Here (3) IMAGES GETTY of prominently using are other animals known its clown mascot. to enjoy natural highs. —Tara John SCIENCE Obama says NASA Milestones

will put a human WON on Mars ‘by the Nobel Peace Prize, by Colombian President 2030s.’ Can it? Juan Manuel Santos, for his “resolute” efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end. Santos said he would donate the almost $1 million in prize FEW THINGS MAKE A POST-1950S PRESIDENT APPEAR AS money to the victims of visionary as talking about going to Mars. At one point or an- the conlict. The status of other, almost all Presidents seem to do it. On Oct. 11, Obama Colombia’s peace effort joined the chorus, promising a public-private partnership is in limbo after voters to send humans to the Red Planet by the 2030s. That’s stir- narrowly rejected on Oct. 2 ring stuf—provided there’s anything to it. Which there may a treaty to end the war. ▷ Nobel Prize for well be. Or not. Economic Sciences, by Let’s start with the public-private part, an ostensible sea Oliver Hart and Bengt change in the space program the President has been touting 1,000+ Holmström, for their ever since private companies began making uncrewed cargo contributions to contract theory, the study of how runs to the International Space Station in 2012. As early as Number of companies people and companies next year, they will begin carrying astronauts too. across the country make legal agreements. Private companies, however, have always been the space now working on private program’s manufacturing backbone. Even in its glory years space initiatives RETIRED throughout the ’60s and ’70s, NASA never built any of its David Ortiz, 40, after 14 seasons with the Boston spacecraft, instead contracting the work out across the Red Sox. Affectionately aerospace industry. What was diferent then was that those ▽ known as Big Papi, he contracts were essentially work made to order, like planning Someday, Obama wrote was a 10-time All-Star and the house you want and hiring an architect to build it for in an op-ed for CNN, was on three World Series you. Now it’s more like buying into a development: private American astronauts champion rosters. companies build products on their own, then compete to will go to space “not just DIED sell them to NASA. to visit, but to stay—and Andrzej Wajda, 90, That does cut costs, which are always a challenge with in doing so, to make acclaimed Polish space travel. But a portion of the multibillion-dollar contract our lives better here on ilmmaker. The director Earth” of Katyn won an honorary NASA signed with SpaceX and Orbital Sciences for cargo Oscar for lifetime runs to the space station included money for research and de- achievement in 2000. velopment, blurring the public-private divide. He has been hailed as a Then there’s the deadline: “by the 2030s.” Across govern- “symbol of courage and ment, 15 years away is a safe target for ambitious programs hope for millions of people in postwar Europe.” that may or may not happen. It’s close enough that it suggests ▷ Reginald Brack Jr., 79, accountability but far enough that it’s possible to promise al- a former top executive most anything. Notice, too, that aiming merely for anytime in at Time Inc. who is the 2030s allows for a large margin of error, especially when credited with helping contrasted with President John F. Kennedy’s 1961 lunar chal- usher the company into a multimedia era. He joined lenge: the U.S. would have boots on the moon “before the end Time Inc. in 1962 as an of this decade.” In other words: we get there by Dec. 31, 1969, advertising salesman at or we fail. We didn’t fail. TIME magazine and was Of course, the entire moon program spanned four named chief executive presidencies and seven Congresses. They argued about oficer of the company funding and deadlines, and they faced signiicant setbacks. in 1990. The same holds true now. A presidential pledge to go to Mars is exciting, even if the timing is vague. But it’s not all Obama’s or the next President’s call. It will be up to the whole brawling, partisan, often dysfunctional lot in Washington to see it through. The exploration of a world—the red one—depends on it.

MARS: GETTY IMAGES/PICTURE PRESS; OBAMA: RICH FURY—INVISION/AP RM —JEFFREY KLUGER 9 LightBox Wind- wrecked A family stands in the remains of their destroyed home in Roche-à-Bateau, southwestern Haiti, on Oct. 8. More than 1,000 people were reported killed by Hurricane Matthew, the worst storm to hit the island in more than 50 years.

Photograph by Andrew McConnell—Panos

▶ For more of our best photography, visit lightbox.time.com

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ECONOMY The inancial world’s rotten culture is still a threat—to all of us By Rana Foroohar

SOMETIMES IT TAKES A GROUP of economists to conirm reality. Last year, a team of German academics released a study on the efects of major inancial crises on politics, examining 800 elections over 140 years in 20 advanced economies. They found that after such crises, right-wing populist parties and politicians typically increase their vote share by about 30%. (The same isn’t true in the wake of more mild recessions.) If that sounds familiar, it’s because we are living through a season of the very same: persistent economic malaise since the 2008 crisis—punctuated by scandal after scandal—has laid bare the ways in which elites collude to create a system that mostly beneits elites. Since 2010, there have been major scandals at banks on nearly every continent for every reason: malfeasance, incompetence, com- placency. Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf resigned on Oct. 12 after revelations that his bank faked 2 million accounts in order to charge customers more in fees. Meanwhile, the Panama Papers leak earlier this year conirmed what many already assumed: that world leaders, celebrities and bil- lionaires are adept at shielding their wealth from fair taxation. In the U.S., Republican presiden- tial candidate Donald Trump has even tried to make a virtue of his Anti-austerity protesters started the ire, burning fake money in the shadow of the tax avoidance. No wonder surveys Deutsche Bank towers in Frankfurt in March 2015 PICTURE-ALLIANCE/DPA/AP PHOTOGRAPH BY FREDRIK VON ERICHSEN 13 The View

show that the trust gap between the 1% and the BOOK IN BRIEF 99% has never been greater. VERBATIM Why table manners In all of these cases, elites enabled by a fun- ‘I think it’s still matter damentally lawed global inance culture ly over dumb and the nation-state system. That voters in countries disrespectful.’ TABLE MANNERS ARE OFTEN VIEWED around the world want to punish leaders at the as an out-of-date, classist set of rules polls for all of this isn’t surprising. But the efects RUTH BADER that have no place in the 21st century. GINSBURG, on civil society are more corrosive than one elec- Supreme Court Justice, But in his new book, Table Manners: tion return. If nothing changes, the building blocks criticizing San Francisco How to Behave in of developed countries are at risk. 49ers quarterback the Modern World Colin Kaepernick for Take the trouble at Deutsche Bank, which re- refusing to stand during and Why Bother, cently saw its share price plunge after the threat the national anthem, chef Jeremiah Tower of a $14 billion ine for dicey derivatives trades. though she supports his argues that know- right to protest The case is a reminder of how Europe managed ing how to comport its debt crisis in the interest of banks, rather yourself over a meal than citizens. German banks were encouraged can still help you get by the government, which is entangled with the ahead. In some cul- inancial system in a way that makes the Wall tures, for example, Street–Washington conniving look puritanical it’s considered im- by comparison, to lend to weak governments and proper to gesture companies all over Europe before 2008. As in the while you eat. Although the rule itself U.S. when things went bad, banks got bailed out might seem arbitrary, obeying it signals and taxpayers took the hit. “Sick banks, some to your dining companion that you re- still owned by governments, are all over Europe,” spect his culture, an invaluable skill in says Stanford professor Anat Admati, co-author business dealings. Similarly, knowing of The Bankers’ New Clothes: What’s Wrong With how to properly set red and white wine- Banking and What to Do About It. “They refuse glasses (both on the right side, with the to let them die but rather do backdoor bailouts red wineglass closer to the center of the [claiming they are in the interest of preserving table) could be an easy way to impress E.U. unity, rather than bank solvency] that per- a boss who’s a wine buf. “I have found petuate the situation.” that when people approve of your table Cases like this foster the message that insti- manners they think you know how to tutions and rich individuals can loat above the do everything else properly as well,” system—and that has serious ramiications. Italy, Tower writes. “That is how you enlist for example, has the largest “unoicial economy” them to your side.” (read: level of tax evasion) in Europe. Studies show —SARAH BEGLEY that the black market in Italy makes up around 27% of the nation’s total economy. Greece, Spain and Portugal aren’t far behind. Citizens of countries like these tend to lose faith in the system and stop doing CHARTOON their civic duty, like paying taxes, iling for business Old Testament click bait permits, obeying the rule of law in general. This only widens the gap between haves and have-nots. In this sense, Trump may be a canary in the coal mine for the U.S. This election cycle has brought the public-approval rating of government to new lows. The GOP nominee has gone from obscuring how little he pays in tax to arguing that it qualiies him to ix the system. (When you look at the way in which Trump avoided paying taxes, you see a business model similar to Deutsche’s: loads of tax- code-incentivized debt, which can be written of in ways that favor the investor while leaving others on the hook.) If his argument works, it is likely to

make things worse, not better. GINSBURG: AP People will never love paying taxes. But when they stop trusting the system altogether, the foun- dations of a country begin to crumble. □ JOHN ATKINSON, WRONG HANDS

14 TIME October 24, 2016 ▶ For more on these stories, visit time.com/ideas

BIG IDEA A glow-in-the-dark bike path To keep themselves and pedestrians safe, bikers need to see where they’re going—especially at night. But DATA powering lights for a path can be complicated and expensive. One solution: this new 328-ft. (100-m) stretch THIS in northern Poland, built by TPA Sp. z o.o. Its surface is embedded with special synthetic luminophores that JUST IN absorb energy from sunlight and can glow for up to 10 hours afterward. The idea, explains Dr. Igor Ruttmar, who was in part inspired by stars in his daughter’s bedroom, is to “make the night sky down on the earth.” A roundup of new and Although the technology is still nascent (it’s unclear how well the luminophores will hold up in winter), Ruttmar noteworthy insights says it could apply to a range of surfaces, like landing pads for small aircraft. —Julia Zorthian from the week’s most talked-about studies:

1 BIRTH CONTROL MAY BE LINKED TO DEPRESSION A study in JAMA Psychiatry found that women using hormonal birth control had an increased risk of receiving treatment for depression. Those on progestin-only pills or IUDs were 34% and 40% more likely, respectively, to begin using antidepressants than women not on birth control.

2 HUMAN LIFE SPAN MIGHT BE CAPPED A study in Nature suggests that the oldest ages reported each year will continue to hover around 115 years and that it may not be possible for anyone to live past VIEWPOINT 125, because of the wide range of genetic How thinking like a kid can spur creativity processes that lead By Peter Himmelman to decline. IT’S COMMON FOR ADULTS TO FEEL LIKE mulling—we can become more creative. 3 we’re drowning in judgment—“You’re not How can we, as adults, adopt this mind- PARENTING IS MORE famous enough,” “You’re not smart enough,” set? Before undertaking a daunting task, STRESSFUL FOR “You’re not thin enough.” The weight of these spend a few minutes writing a detailed de- MOMS THAN DADS appraisals, from others and from ourselves, scription of what your idea could be in its A study in American Sociological Review can prevent us from looking at the world as most beneicial form; that way, you’re primed found that moms a child might, as a place of wonder and new to think positively, as kids do. Then set a were more stressed, possibilities. This, in turn, keeps us from ac- timer and begin one small piece of the task, fatigued and unhappy cessing the state of mind that stands at the which forces you to act rather than ruminate. than dads during time root of creativity: playfulness. To be sure, you may have to assess the kinds with children, likely because that time When a child is engaged in play, she is tak- of risks that children do not. But more often included more chores ing material from her inner reality, or dream- than not, we tend to stress over imagined and management world, and placing it into what we might call threats, not real ones. The more we’re aware activities (vs. dads, the real world. Very young children don’t of that trap, the easier it is to avoid. who had more “fun”). think about the consequences or how they —J.Z. might be perceived; they just play. Studies Himmelman is the founder of Big Muse and the have shown that when we fully immerse our- author of Let Me Out: Unlock Your Creative

BIG IDEA: TPA IDEA: BIG selves in joyous doing—as opposed to anxious Mind and Bring Your Ideas to Life The View Medicine

FRONTIERS This new surgery could change pregnancy forever By Alexandra Siferlin

IT’S NOT WIDELY KNOWN, BUT EACH year, hundreds of women in the U.S. are born without the ability to carry a child—because they don’t have uteruses. Now, thanks to a groundbreaking series of experimental surgeries, doctors are hoping to change these women’s fate. In late September, four American women received womb transplants from liv- ing donors at Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TIME reported exclu- sively. The surgeries marked the irst time living-donor womb transplants were performed in the U.S. △ Uterus transplants from live Surgeons perform a uterus transplant room for even more surgeries in the fu- donors have a precedent for success. at Baylor University Medical Center ture. “I am totally amazed by that,” says on Sept. 14 In Sweden, where the surgery was Testa. “These women are phenomenal.” pioneered, ive of the nine women who received womb transplants have given discount the desire of a woman to have THIS IS THE SECOND TIME uterus birth to healthy babies, and one woman a normal pregnancy, bear her own child transplants have been done in the U.S. is pregnant with and deliver.” The four women, who, re- For the irst, in February, the organ was ‘You cannot her second. questing privacy, have not been iden- from a deceased donor. Less than two discount Among the tiied, all wanted to have children but weeks after the operation, the recipi- the desire four women were born without uteruses due to a rare ent, Lindsey McFarland, 27, acquired an of a woman treated at Bay- condition called Mayer-Rokitansky- infection and the transplant had to be to ... bear her lor, three of the Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. removed. The Cleveland Clinic, which own child.’ transplanted The women received their trans- performed the surgery, has since put its wombs were re- plants from so-called altruistic donors, program on pause. DR. GIULIANO TESTA, moved after tests meaning the women who donated their Uterus transplants aren’t cheap. lead surgeon for the recent Baylor determined the uteruses did so only to ofer a stranger a They’re estimated to cost between University transplants organs were not chance at trying to get pregnant. None $150,000 and more than $500,000, receiving normal are related to the recipients, and the do- and since they are experimental, they blood low—an unfortunate but com- nors and recipients do not know each are not usually covered by insurance; in mon occurrence in experimental organ other. About 50 women ultimately vol- the cases so far in the U.S., the hospitals transplants. The fourth, however, has unteered to donate a womb, making have footed the bill, since their doctors shown no signs of trouble so far, and if are essentially performing research on that continues, the recipient could begin these willing recipients. Baylor plans to trying to get pregnant via in vitro fertil- 20 perform six more womb transplants be- The number of uterus transplants that ization within the year. (Since the ovaries have been performed worldwide. Five fore the end of 2016. are not connected to the uterus during have resulted in healthy births. The Baylor team says that it is assess- AT DALLAS CENTER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY BAYLOR surgery, IVF is required for pregnancy.) ing the results of the irst four surgeries Dr. Giuliano Testa, the lead surgeon before moving forward with the next at Baylor, acknowledges that these re- 10 HOURS six, and that even in the irst four, there The approximate amount of time it sults, while disappointing, still show takes to remove a donor’s uterus and were course corrections and tweaks tremendous progress. “It’s something transplant it into a recipient. with every new procedure. “This is we’ve learned a lot from, and we have the way we advance,” says Testa. “I am a patient who is doing well,” he says. $150,000 TO $500,000+ going to make this work. I believe from “This is the beginning of hopefully a The estimated cost of a uterus an ethical and clinical and research great history for medicine.” transplant in the U.S. The procedure is point of view, we have our heart in the Testa continues, “You cannot not yet covered by health insurance. right place.” □

16 TIME October 24, 2016 WHEN WE HAVE THE TOOLS TO PREDICT IT’S AMAZING WHAT WE CAN PREVENT

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Why the Russian hacks of Clinton and her advisers believe that Sanders is being too simplistic, that they Hillary Clinton’s campaign have an equally tough but more nuanced should reassure us all position—as indeed they did—and they worry about how to communicate that By Joe Klein diference. Watching the deliberations unfold, I found myself thinking, Boy, IN THE MIDST OF OUR BOUNTIFUL OCTOBER HARVEST OF Assange has done a public service. It’s Trump grotesqueries, the Russians and Julian Assange good to know how policy develops in a organized a WikiLeaks dump of private emails from the RESPONSES political campaign. TO THE Clinton campaign. These revealed a shocking and scandalous HACKS Another so-called embarrassment fact about the former Secretary of State: she is a politician. is the contretemps between Chelsea Indeed, the documents represent one of the most reassuring Clinton and her father’s former top moments of this calamitous campaign. The overwhelming aide, Doug Band, who writes that impression is of the candidate’s and her staf’s competence she’s acting like a “spoiled brat.” Band and sanity—and something more: a refreshing sense of reality left the Clinton fold and formed a about the vagaries of politics. private “consulting” irm called Teneo The headline revelation came from one of Clinton’s paid John Holdings. Bill Clinton agreed to be a speeches. Clinton said it was necessary for politicians to have Podesta, member of its advisory board, a very a “public and private position” on many issues. Gotcha! And Clinton’s questionable position for a former campaign even though Clinton had diiculty defending herself on this chairman President to take. Chelsea inds out in the second debate, she’s absolutely right. In one of his rare “This in England that at least one Teneo moments of candor earlier this year, Donald Trump agreed. deinitely is employee is lobbying Members of He said his ludicrous tax-cut plan was an opening position the irst Parliament “on behalf of President that would be compromised—he might even back higher campaign Clinton” to take positions favorable taxes—when negotiations began with Congress. This was that I’ve been to Teneo clients “without my father’s deemed disastrous by conservative ideologues, and Trump involved knowledge ... which would horrify my with in which quickly retreated from it. But he was, momentarily, speaking I’ve had to father.” Bill Clinton soon cuts of his the truth. tangle with relationship with Band, a wise move. Here’s how Clinton put it in that 2013 speech, and be Russian (Too bad Chelsea wasn’t vetting the prepared, I’m going to quote her at length: “Politics is like intelligence recently revealed, too-close-for-comfort sausage being made. It is unsavory, and it always has been that agencies.” emails between the State Department way, but we usually end up where we need to be. But if every- and the Clinton Foundation after the body’s watching ... all of the backroom discussions and the Haiti earthquake.) deals ... then people get a little nervous, to say the least. So, PODESTA: TOM WILLIAMS—CQ ROLL CALL/GETTY IMAGES; TRUMP: CARLO ALLEGRI—REUTERS you need both a public and a private position. And inally, I SOME ON THE LEFT will ind Clinton’s think—I believe in evidence-based decisionmaking. I want attempts to latter and ind common to know what the facts are.” Clinton is speaking an essential, ground with her Wall Street audiences uncontroversial truth about how things work in a democracy. Donald ofensive—her willingness to take And yet, for much of the public—and too much of our media— Trump money for these speeches was a big her sentiments are perceived as shifty, further evidence that “I love mistake—but if you look at the content WikiLeaks.” she can’t be trusted, as if a willingness to compromise were a of the talks, Clinton is essentially sign of weakness, not a necessary strength. warning the bankers about the public’s belief that they have behaved badly, AS FOR THE REST OF THE EMAILS, there are the occasional while calling for more “transparency” screw-ups and embarrassing moments of candor, but—as with and reform, a message her audiences the WikiLeaks dump of the State Department’s diplomatic may not have wanted to hear. cables—the most striking thing about them is the careful, Here’s a inal outrage: Clinton told intelligent way in which the Clinton staf goes about the executives at Xerox that she wanted a business of politics. There is substantive consternation about “moderate” Democratic Party. Indeed, how to deal with Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren on Wall she wanted “two sensible, moderate, Street, a careful massaging of where to come down on Warren’s pragmatic political parties.” Wow. How proposal for a new Glass-Steagall law to regulate banking. crazy is that? □

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—JOHN MCCAIN, 2008 GOP presidential nominee TRU GOES T

‘DISLOYAL R’S ARE FAR MORE DIFFICULT THAN CROOKED HILLARY. THEY COME AT YOU FROM ALL SIDES. THEY DON’T KNOW HOW TO WIN—I WILL TEACH THEM!’ Trump rallies supporters in a Detroit —DONALD TRUMP, suburb on Sept. 30, GOP presidential nominee before a fresh crisis prompted the GOP and its nominee to turn on each other

PHOTOGRAPH BY JONATHAN ERNST ‘The state of the GOP is confused. I don’t think the state of the people is that confused.’ C5HSXEOLFDQV

—BEN CARSON, former GOP ZKHQWKHUH V presidential candidate DODUJHORXG QRLVHDUHVRUW RIOLNHGHHUZKR VFDWWHU —NEWT GINGRICH, UMP former House Speaker TO WAR BY ALEX ALTMAN AND PHILIP ELLIOTT ‘YOU ALL NEED TO DO WHAT’S BEST FOR YOU AND YOUR DISTRICT.’

—PAUL RYAN, House Speaker As the 2016 campaign moved into its inal weeks, Trump had put the whole country on the rack alongside the Christian conservatives, stretch- ing the sinews of American politics to the break- ing point. While some voters were tugged toward the wincing sophistry of the conference call, a larger number pulled disgustedly into the ranks of #nevertrump. The candidate himself was consumed by petty grudges. The furor over the leaked record- ing seemed to liberate him. Free of the “shackles”— his own tweeted word—Trump reduced his cam- paign to a primal grunt. It sounded, at times, like the last gasp of the T angry white man. Trump threatened to throw his opponent in jail, bragged of avoiding income taxes THE CALL TO GATHER WENT OUT SUNDAY MORN- and peddled an empty conspiracy theory about ing, arriving on cell phones before many of the pas- undocumented immigrants’ being given voter- tors had left their congregations. These 23 men registration cards. He insisted he was right to stoke and three women, all members of Donald Trump’s the racial tensions of New York City during the evangelical advisory council, had long ago signed Central Park jogger drama in the 1990s, refusing to on to pray for his vision for the nation. But now a accept the DNA proof that he had the case wrong. scandalous recording from Access Hollywood was He promoted a iction that Muslim friends of the threatening to blow up the prayer circle. From Cal- San Bernardino, Calif., terrorists knew their plans ifornia to Florida, members of the group joined a but failed to alert authorities, and he injected a late-afternoon emergency conference call on Oct. 9 ‘IT IS crude Russian propaganda efort into one of his to ponder the ugly spectacle of a 59-year-old man rallies without a care about its inaccuracy. Another boasting about trying to seduce a married woman, SO NICE tape (it wasn’t easy keeping track) caught him forcing himself on others and getting away with THAT THE agreeing as a radio shock jock labeled his daughter it all because he was “a star.” It had to be an awk- Ivanka “a piece of ass.” Having congratulated ward moment for the faithful: Trump was bragging SHACKLES himself for keeping the irst presidential debate about sexual assault. “Grab them by the p-ssy,” the HAVE BEEN slightly above the muck, in Round 2 he plunged Republican nominee for President, now 70, was TAKEN into the wallow, delecting attention from his own heard saying. “You can do anything.” vulgarity by saddling Clinton with the alleged Seeking guidance in Scripture, they found a Bible OFF ME.’ sexual sins of her husband and trying to seat Bill abounding in useful scoundrels. One participant on —DONALD TRUMP, Clinton’s accusers in the front row. the call noted that Jesus had befriended tax collectors in an Oct. 11 tweet Trump once said on the campaign trail that he and sinners. Another invoked the Old Testament would approve of torture as President, “even if it igure Nehemiah, who served a pagan king, Cyrus of doesn’t work.” With four weeks left to Election Day, Persia, but leveraged the relationship to accomplish he seemed to be testing the proposition on the pub- the holy mission of rebuilding the ancient walls of lic. Unshackled, he lirted with unhinged and erased Jerusalem. Even an imperfect ruler might be the the emollient line between a campaign aimed at the means to a righteous end. base and one intended to debase. And so the panel overwhelmingly stuck with While his followers reveled, his more reluctant the sinner, according to four people on the call. It allies squirmed. Speaker of the House Paul Ryan, was Hillary Clinton, not Trump, who worried them. Washington’s highest-ranking Republican, came “Can anybody say she is morally superior to Donald within a whisker of withdrawing his endorsement Trump? I don’t think so,” said Dallas megachurch of the party’s nominee, urged on by his wife, pastor Robert Jefress, days later. “This election who marched for women’s rights while a student is not about Donald Trump’s past, it is about at Wellesley. Trump’s running mate, Indiana America’s future.” Governor Mike Pence, considered quitting the This cold calculation induced cringes among ticket. Then, attempting a straddle, Pence released many of their fellow church leaders. The editors of a stinging rebuke of Trump’s Access excesses before Christianity Today, a leading voice of evangelicals resuming his role as chief cheerleader. “I don’t ind founded by Billy Graham, weighed whether it would myself thinking a whole lot about party right now,” proit the movement to gain the world at the cost of he said on Oct. 11. its soul. “Trump has been, his whole adult life, an But others could no longer stay silent. “Enough!” idolater,” the magazine intoned, “and a singularly insisted former Secretary of State Condoleezza unrepentant one.” Rice, calling on Trump to withdraw. “Ofensive and

22 TIME October 24, 2016 despicable,” declared Utah Governor Gary Herbert. △ headquarters on Capitol Hill, the organizer turned “I cannot and will not vote for Donald Trump,” said Trump out to be Trump’s Virginia campaign chairman. Governor Robert Bentley of Alabama. supporters gather One sign waved at the RNC oices read, BETTER TO The Trump campaign, party insiders admit, outside party GRAB A P-SSY THAN TO BE ONE. could do irreparable damage to a generation of headquarters on And there was no reason to think that the GOP prospects by rendering them enablers. Rivals for Oct. 10 to protest was done tearing itself apart. Purging the party the GOP’s alleged the nomination, like Texas Senator Ted Cruz, had abandonment of of moderates has long been the dream of alt-right cozied up to him until they realized it was too late. its nominee provocateurs like the gang at Breitbart News. With Elected oicials had hesitated to oppose him lest Breitbart chairman Stephen Bannon now in league they rouse his army of pitchfork populists. Many of with the rampaging Trump, the revolt may only be the leaders of the religious right repeatedly blessed a beginning. Election Day “could be the start of the real candidate who bats 0 for 3 on the biblical injunction civil war,” warns Kevin Sheridan, a GOP consultant to do justice, love mercy and walk humbly. Barring and former adviser to Ryan. “Not the end of it.” a last-minute surprise, Trump is on track to lose his A veteran party oicial who has watched the race. The question now is whether he’ll destroy the party go from conservative to crazy during Trump’s party’s congressional majorities as well. rise says the saddest part of the conlict is how “It’s us against the world,” declared a digital ad predictable it was. “We have been warning the party from the Trump campaign on the morning after the that this was the likely outcome. You can’t ix what is debate. But it wasn’t clear whether his main foe in at the core of a person’s character,” says the oicial, the inal month would be Clinton or Republican who opposed Trump from the beginning. “This is oicials. After his incendiary debate performance, who he is. And now it’s who we as Republicans are, he turned on Ryan and company with a gas can because we went along with it.” and lighter in hand. “Disloyal R’s are far more diicult than Crooked Hillary,” Trump tweeted of THE DAY AFTER the nastiest presidential debate the leeing Republicans. “They come at you from in modern memory, Trump traveled to Wilkes- all sides. They don’t know how to win—I will teach Barre, Pa., for one of his trademark rallies. At them!” Almost immediately, his fans took up the events like this, Trump’s excesses are celebrated chorus: Trump loyalists circulated a rumor that or forgiven, and his provocations are championed Establishment Republicans were behind the leak to as bravery. In the year of the irst female major- the Washington Post of the disastrous tape. When party nominee, T-shirts are emblazoned with vul-

PREVIOUS PAGES: REUTERS; THIS PAGE: CAROLYN KASTER—AP protesters gathered outside the party’s white brick gar words for the female anatomy. Vendors hawk 23 HILLARY FOR PRISON buttons. The rhetoric is even more acidic. “She’s a murderer, she’s a liar. You name it, she’s done it,” says Neil McNamara, who drove from New York to join the thousands throng- ing the arena. Trump is happy to indulge their fever. “‘Lock her up’ is right!” Trump hollered from his podium as the crowd chanted a favorite refrain. Trump’s stump speech is a sort of jazz rif, and one of his favorite themes involves reciting the lyrics of an old soul anthem, “The Snake,” a parable about the dangers of showing too much compassion to strangers. To the delight of his Wilkes-Barre audience, he wove it into this rally. “Oh shut up, silly woman,” Trump quoted. “You knew damn well I was a snake before you took me in.” Trump uses the tune to illustrate the dangers of welcoming Syrian refugees. But it can also be read as a rebuke to the GOP for letting Trump into the tent. He hid nothing of himself as he stormed through the primaries; the man on the Access tape was entirely consistent with the crude and bullying Trump of last autumn and spring. He had long been a proud womanizer whose afairs have often made tabloid headlines—he frequently leaked the details himself—and he had no problem boast- ing about his manhood at a presidential debate. Could anyone truly be surprised that he privately bragged about groping strangers and trying to bed married women, and explained it away as “locker-room talk”? △ too far. On an Oct. 10 conference call, Ryan told Which is why the statements of outrage from The embattled House Republicans they were free to cut them- leeing Republicans struck Trump allies as entirely candidate greets selves loose from the nominee. GOP caucus cam- supporters outside disingenuous. The tape was catalytic not because paign chief Greg Walden told lobbyists the same Trump Tower it showed a new Trump but because it made clear in New York day that Trump could be a drag in every race that the old Trump is the only Trump this election City on Oct. 8, around the country. They were in uncharted wa- is going to see. (Trump’s initial response to the tape’s a day after the ters, he told the group, and it was every candi- release was not a full-throated apology but a hedged vulgar videotape date for himself or herself. “You gotta do what’s “I apologize if anyone was ofended.”) The Access surfaced best for you,” explained an aide to one Republican tape snufed the wan but cherished hopes of GOP Congressman who withdrew his Trump endorse- mainstreamers that a more sober and responsible ment. “Every member is going to have to make version of the candidate would emerge in the inal their own decision.” act of the tragedy. So few truly competitive seats remain that there In this gerrymandered age, most elected Re- may not be enough for Democrats to retake the publicans hail from districts where victory is pos- House in a single election cycle. And as of September, sible without the support of Muslims or Mexicans Republicans had some $65 million at the ready to or African Americans or any of the other ethnic and defend vulnerable incumbents. But the Senate is cultural groups named by Trump as part of the na- another story. There, the Democrats need to lip tion’s problem. But the GOP cannot survive without just four of the 24 seats the GOP is defending this white married women, who are reliable members of year if Clinton wins. In most of those contests, their coalition. Tagged by Democrats with waging Democrats are pouring money into advertisements a “war on women,” endangered Republicans heard yoking the local Republican to Trump. The GOP’s in Trump’s lewd rhetoric an existential threat. Of Senate campaign arm urged its candidates to stay all the candidate’s combustible comments, “clearly calm and wait a week until polls could measure the this one crossed a certain kind of a line,” says Debbie depth of Trump’s fall. But there is a danger in that Walsh, director of the Center for American Women wait-and-see approach, one party strategist noted: and Politics at Rutgers University. “It smacked of a with early balloting under way in many states, voters predatory aggressiveness.” are already sealing their decisions. Certainly party leaders knew Trump had gone At the same time, the party must deal with the

24 TIME October 24, 2016 the Trump meltdown, Clinton would have endured a rough week of her own. As the nation gawked at Trump’s crass words, Clinton’s own private ad- missions were laid bare by WikiLeaks’ release of a top adviser’s correspondence. Among the disclo- sures were partial transcripts of past paid speeches, which suggested that her public agenda deviated from her private opinions and revealed her dream of “a hemispheric common market, with open trade and open borders.” Her senior advisers have no choice but to bet that more—and maybe worse—is on its way. And they know that Clinton is frequently her own worst enemy. Her penchant for secrecy fueled the scandal of her private email server and led her to hide a pneumonia diagnosis, only to stagger on camera while leaving a 9/11 memorial service. “Never under- estimate Hillary Clinton’s ability to make this harder than it has to be,” one top Clinton aide says of the boss. She never takes the easy route. “If the path is from New York to Washington, D.C., it’s even odds that her trip will go through Utah.” Democrats remain haunted by Trump’s unique resilience. In roughly a year’s time, he had attacked women, Muslims, minorities, POWs and the dis- abled, and, like the familiar old clown toy, bounced back each time he fell. “We’ve lived through too many incidents where things should have been extinction-level events for his campaign and did anger in Trump’s ranks. Ryan got an earful on his not materialize that way,” another top Clinton oi- conference call from the congressional faction cial muses. Even after the video exposed Trump’s that wanted a full-throated defense of Trump. crass comments, polls remain stubbornly close in “Democrats, when attacked, become musk ox. several must-win states. They all rally together and stand there looking stubbornly out, refusing to move,” says former AS HIS CHANCES NARROWED, Trump holed up in- House Speaker Newt Gingrich, a close ally of ‘THIS HAS side his apartment on the 66th loor of his Manhat- Trump’s. “Republicans, when there’s a large, loud tan tower. He spent much of the weekend alone, noise, are sort of like deer who scatter. There are BEEN watching the tape loop on cable news and working just diferent party cultures.” the phones to solicit advice. Among the billionaire’s Trump left no easy way out. Party boss Reince TRAUMATIC tight inner circle, some of the most inluential ig- Priebus continued to nurse his uneasy alliance with ures are insurgents who have spent years more fo- the nominee, aware that the party’s fundraising and FOR THE cused on tearing apart what is left of the Repub- turnout operation both hinge on enthusiasm for the lican Party than on getting the GOP back to the top of the ticket. Not that Trump was cooperating. White House. According to one senior Trump adviser, enthusiasm REPUBLIC.’ One of them is Bannon, the Trump campaign’s is no longer a part of his strategy. He has largely —RUSSELL MOORE, CEO. The former Goldman Sachs banker and con- given up on broadening the electorate. “We have no evangelical leader servative ilmmaker has waged a long, often lonely problems going deeper into the mud,” the adviser crusade against Republican leaders through his on- said. “A low-turnout election is better for us.” line news outlet Breitbart. Ryan has been a recurring For the Clinton campaign, the danger was pre- target. “Long game is him gone by spring,” Bannon mature gloating. The former Secretary of State, wrote last December to a Breitbart stafer, accord- Senator and First Lady remains a wooden candi- ing to an email obtained by the newspaper The Hill. date whom many Americans say they don’t trust. It didn’t happen, but not for lack of trying: Hackers, believed by U.S. intelligence experts to be Breitbart campaigned relentlessly against Ryan, linked to Vladimir Putin, have tapped the email ac- propping up his primary challenger. In one stunt counts of top Clinton aides, and there’s no telling that Breitbart covered breathlessly, Ryan’s chal- when the low of stolen documents and embarrass- lenger gathered a group of women whose children

MIKE SEGAR—REUTERSMIKE ing revelations will dry up. Indeed, were it not for had been victims of criminals who were in the U.S. 25 illegally to protest outside Ryan’s Wisconsin home, National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference, demanding he tear down the property’s fence if he says Trump has exposed the disconnect between would not support Trump’s border wall. evangelicals’ words and their political deeds. Russell Bannon found a home with Trump through Moore, the president of the Southern Baptist Con- Robert and Rebekah Mercer, a father-daughter vention’s public-policy arm, says church leaders donor duo who have funneled tens of millions lost credibility when they cast their lot with Trump. of dollars toward conservative causes, includ- “This has been traumatic for the Republic, and trau- ing eforts to defeat Establishment Republicans. matic for the church,” says Moore, one of the top After Trump’s tape went public, the Mercers were evangelicals to oppose Trump from the beginning. among the only voices to express no interest in his “It is going to take years and years and years to re- transgressions.“We are completely indiferent to cover and rebuild.” Mr. Trump’s locker-room braggadocio,” the family Perhaps most notable is how Trump’s antics have said in a statement to the Washington Post. “Amer- overshadowed the real arguments he brought to the ica is inally fed up and disgusted with its political table. With his tart tongue, Trump has exposed elite. Trump is channeling this disgust ... We have something real: a populist fury at the decades of bi- a country to save and there is only one person can partisan consensus for a more globalized world; frus- save it.” Trump is a powerful instrument for the tration over 15 years of slow economic growth; im- Mercers’ shared campaign to create a purer Repub- patience with an immigration system that depends, lican Party, even if he loses in a wipeout in Novem- ‘There’s because of bureaucratic dysfunction, on ignoring or ber. Such a result might only hasten the transforma- not enforcing written laws; a rejection of the govern- tion. “A Clinton presidency will drive the country going ment’s apparent helplessness in the face of conun- further to the right,” explains Gingrich, architect of to be a drums like homegrown terrorism. the last Republican revolution a generation ago.“It Win or lose, Trump’s rise has forced the Republi- will make us angrier, more alienated.” schism.’ can Party to rethink its identity in a way that hasn’t Trump is already laying the exculpatory ground- —BILL WELD, former been done since the civil rights era. The GOP’s in- work for defeat. “Without the media, Hillary Clin- Massachusetts trospection after Mitt Romney’s 2012 loss will seem GOP governor and ton couldn’t be elected dogcatcher,” Trump told his the Libertarian vice- quaint by comparison. A report commissioned then Pennsylvania audience. For months he has claimed presidential nominee by party bosses, dubbed the Autopsy, called for a that the political system, along with national insti- gentler, more inclusive Republican Party that could tutions that have gone unquestioned for decades— expand its appeal beyond its aging white base. The from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to the FBI—are suggestions were sensible. They were also dead on rigged against him. That includes Republican lead- arrival long before Trump hit the scene. ers. “I wouldn’t want to be in a foxhole with a lot Will a post-Trump GOP now turn back toward of these people,” he told Fox News’ Bill O’Reilly on conservative orthodoxy? Or, egged on by alt-right Oct. 11, “especially Ryan.” news outlets and talk radio, fully embrace a new It all points to a Republican civil war that is, if brand of populist nationalism? Trump is unlikely anything, just getting under way. “The ight you’re to recede from the spotlight. This campaign has ce- seeing now is a preview of what you’re going to see mented him as a star. GOP insiders from all points on steroids after the election,” says Alex Conant, a on the party’s ideological spectrum predict he may Republican strategist and former adviser to Marco use his notoriety to launch a branded news outlet Rubio. “The real debate is about what the Repub- for his fervent fans. lican Party represents and what its values are.” Bill Certainly those believers show no signs of Weld, the former Republican governor of Massa- abandoning him. After the tape’s release, crowds chusetts who is now campaigning against Trump clogged the sidewalk outside his apartment, hop- from his perch as the vice-presidential nominee ing to catch a glimpse of their under-ire candidate. on the Libertarian Party ticket, is even more di- As the cable networks continued the second day of rect. “There’s going to be a schism,” he says. Al- wall-to-wall coverage, Trump put down the remote ready Trump has torn apart the conservative control and decided to face his supporters. Shortly movement. A generation of rising stars, such as before 5 p.m. he walked from the marbled lobby Ryan and Rubio, may ind their futures tainted by to greet the throng. The crowd went wild, shout- Trump—from their failure to enlist in his army, or ing his name and waving signs. For ive minutes perhaps from their failure to take up arms against Trump worked the crowd, smiling and thanking him. Or both. supporters. Then the Republican nominee hoisted Religious conservatives, who for decades deined his right ist into the air, clapped his hands and dis- themselves as “values voters,” will now have to ex- appeared back inside his tower. —With reporting plain why they lined up behind a thrice-married by ELIZABETH DIAS, TESSA BERENSON and SAM playboy who once said he had never asked God for FRIZELL/WASHINGTON; CHARLOTTE ALTER/NEW forgiveness. Samuel Rodriguez Jr., president of the YORK and ZEKE J. MILLER/WILKES-BARRE, PA. □

26 TIME October 24, 2016 To Investors Who Want to Retire Comfortably

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©2016 Fisher Investments. 5525 NW Fisher Creek Drive, Camas, WA 98607. Inestments in securities involve the risk of loss. Past performance is no guarantee of future returns. *As of 6/30/2016. ELECTION 2016 Let’s talk about the issues THECLASHOFTHETITANSSHOULDN’T DISTRACT FROM WHAT’S AT STAKE: THE FUTURE OF OUR COUNTRY

ILLUSTRATION BY HARRY CAMPBELL FOR TIME

FROM THE EDITOR

likes to say, “I have this old-fashioned idea. When you run for President, you ought to tell people what you want to do as their President.” Her website ofers a policy encyclopedia that runs to 112,735 In the year words and counting: debt-free college, tax clawbacks for companies that outsource jobs, half a billion solar panels installed in her irst term, roadway sensors that warn of character, drivers when there’s an icy patch ahead. “She’s got people that sit in cubicles writing policy all day,” Donald Trump told TIME in June. “Nothing’s ever going to issues still happen. It’s just a waste of paper.” He is arguing the much larger issue: that the system is so broken that the irst priority of the next President should be to burn the matter whole enterprise down. And then what? Trump’s platform is an inkblot, inviting BY NANCY GIBBS voters to see whatever they want in the smudgy contours of his iscal plans and foreign policy. The seminal focus of the ISSUES IN A PRESIDENTIAL-ELECTION year are Trump campaign—his promise to build often like the fat books that we’re glad to own but a beautiful wall, a glorious wall, on the don’t plan to read. Voters say they crave substance, southern border—brings roars from his a campaign focused less on the cartoon-character crowds, even if he has failed to make clear smackdown and more on the small-print spread- how long it will stretch or what it will cost. sheets of serious policy positions. Candidates ofer The Issue isn’t the issue; the attitude is. “platforms,” a metaphor reinforcing the myth that He will stick it to Mexico. He will make their proposals are the structural foundation on America great. He sells his candidacy the which their presidency will be built. And most voters way he advised his sales force for Trump say that policy matters more than personality when University: “You don’t sell products, they cast their ballots. beneits or solutions,” the training manual But watch what we do, not what we say. The read. “You sell feelings.” least substantive campaign in modern history has drawn the most massive audience. A Pew survey in TRUMP’S SUCCESS during the primary July found that more than three-quarters of voters season exposed just how profoundly found the race interesting, the highest level in two Republican leaders misunderstood the decades, even as 65% said it has not focused on pol- mood of rank-and-ile voters. A formerly icy debates. It’s not that issues no longer matter, just pro-abortion-rights, thrice-married, that the drama of this campaign has been so much Big Government, neoisolationist candi- more memorable than the ideas. date could depart from Republican A new TIME/SurveyMonkey poll inds that by orthodoxy because base voters agreed a 2-to-1 ratio, voters think Hillary Clinton has done with him that immigrants pose a threat a better job explaining her policy positions. As she and crime is out of control and global markets are rigged against the working man. His voters’ unwavering faith, The drama of this campaign has been despite each new outrage, is the very opposite of traditional small-government more memorable than the ideas. But conservatism. He is selling a historic vision of central, singular government: whoever wins eventually has to govern “I alone can ix it.” Or as he put it during

30 TIME October 24, 2016 VOTER POLL

the primaries, “Folks, I’m a conservative. In the end, elections are about elevating the But at this point, who cares?” MORE THAN popular. This year, though, the process has Perhaps Trump voters don’t mind the been an exercise in frustration and dismay. In A FEELING a TIME/SurveyMonkey poll, fewer than 1 in 10 apostasy because so little of the Republi- registered voters said they felt satisied by the can agenda has come to pass: Obamacare TIME/SURVEYMONKEY campaign, while nearly half called themselves was not repealed, taxes were not slashed, disappointed or scared. One reason: the Roe v. Wade was not overturned. Which ideological divisions among voters run deep. is partly how Trump can make the case that he is the only issue that matters. His MOOD OF REGISTERED VOTERS strength, his gut, his wealth, his political incorrectness, which extends far beyond his rhetoric. As a politician, he is incorrect in every way, with his tax returns secret, his Twitter stream radioactive, his treat- 48% 46% 23% 15% 9% ment of facts appalling. DISAPPOINTED SCARED SAD EXCITED SATISFIED Which is why, for all the protein in her policy menu, Clinton too is not really run- PRIORITIES U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY ning on her expertise, except to the ex- tent that having any contrasts sharply Listed as a Is good because it Is bad because it top-3 concern provides new markets lowers wages and with Trump. At heart her pitch is about of voters... and opportunities for costs Americans personality as well, or more precisely tem- growth jobs perament and itness for oice: that he’s a 61% scary, sexist, racist rookie with no desire Economy and jobs 69% 38% 28% 60% to even learn what he doesn’t know, while she is skilled, schooled and pragmatic 58% Clinton Trump Clinton Trump enough to both take positions and change Terrorism supporters supporters supporters supporters them, as she has on the Trans-Paciic Part- and national agree agree agree agree security nership and the minimum wage and other issues that united Bernie Sanders voters OBAMA’S POLICIES behind yet another barn burner. CHARACTER HAS ALWAYS mattered, as 38% % % Health care 62 70 it should, since no one can predict what of Democrats say of Republicans say new challenge, what unforeseen crisis, a the policies made the policies made President will have to confront. But when 28% life better for them life harder for them have we ever seen a race like this one, with Immigration one candidate so deeply devoted to pol- THE CANDIDATES icy detail and the other so allergic to it? Which candidate has How much will the Whoever wins in November will eventu- 22% done a better job presidential election ally have to govern. The issues this coun- Budget deicit explaining their policy outcome affect your own try faces, from decrepit bridges and fail- 21% positions to voters? safety and security? ing schools to cyberthreats and spiraling Gun control debt, will require muscular action, not magical thinking. 19% 23% 31% In the pages that follow, we explore Social Security 46% Trump Some Clinton 50% those challenges, including contributions 15% A lot from President Obama, Clinton and top Climate change 30% Neither 10% thinkers in both parties. Trump’s cam- 12% 7% A little paign said he would write as well, but Government None the piece never arrived. Perhaps that’s it- regulation THE TIME/SURVEY MONKEY POLL OF 5,478 REGISTERED VOTERS TAKEN ON SEPT. 28 AND 29 HAS A BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF ±2 PERCENTAGE POINTS FOR THE FULL POLLING SAMPLE. ting. A vote for him is a vote for Trump. YOU CAN READ MORE ABOUT THE METHODOLOGY AT TIME.COM/ISSUESPOLL He makes it up as he goes. □ 31 WAR AND PEACE

Beating ISIS—and saving Iraq BY MARK THOMPSON

ISIS’S CROWN JEWEL in Iraq for more than two years is all but guaranteed to fall soon to a major military ofensive led by Iraqi security forces and bolstered by U.S. advisers and airpower. Retaking Mosul, a city of 1 million that has been a keystone to ISIS’s claims as a caliphate, isn’t going to be the problem for the new U.S. President. It’s the morning after the Iraqi their putative Kurdish allies. Plans for hundreds of lag begins lying anew over Iraq’s second largest city thousands of refugees leeing Mosul are scant, as is that’s the real challenge. The U.S. has never lacked a blueprint for how power will be shared among the the irepower to win the war. But it doesn’t seem to three factions once ISIS is kicked out. have the strategy, or the willpower, to win the peace. Neither Hillary Clinton nor Donald Trump has The U.S. took Mosul once, kicking out Saddam issued a detailed plan for handling ISIS. Clinton’s Hussein’s forces in 2003, before the U.S.-trained Iraq approach echoes President Obama’s go-slow strategy, army led the city when ISIS invaded in 2014. Centu- though she wants a no-ly zone over Syria to protect ries of rivalries among the Shi‘ites, Sunnis and Kurds civilians. Trump has pledged to “bomb the sh-t” out complicate any prospects for stability. “There are of ISIS’s oil operations to choke of revenue but says many long-standing disputes over territory, resources he wants to keep his war plans secret to keep ISIS, and governmental power,” says retired Army general and American voters, guessing. David Petraeus, who calmed Mosul as commander At the top of the must-do list after Iraq and the TIME FOR FINE ALEX BY ILLUSTRATION TIME; FOR KOZYREV—NOOR YURI of the 101st Airborne Division shortly after the U.S. U.S. drive ISIS from Mosul is making sure the Shi‘ites, invasion. “We can anticipate endless arguments.” Sunnis and Kurds share in the nation’s power and re- Unfortunately, there is no secret post-Obama U.S. sources, a vexing problem that has thwarted progress plan to restore a semblance of stability to lands re- ever since the U.S. invaded. Anthony Zinni, a retired gained from the shrinking caliphate. “Everybody four-star Marine general who oversaw the region as thinks there is something on the shelf—some State head of U.S. Central Command, says the tight hold Department lyaway team or some magic formula— on power by the Shi‘ites was more to blame for the but there isn’t,” says James Jefrey, a veteran diplo- rise of ISIS in Iraq than the U.S. troop pullout in 2011. mat who served as Washington’s man in Baghdad “The big question,” Zinni says, “is can Iraq ever be a from 2010 to 2012. In fact, most plans are still lack- truly inclusive country again?” Only if power is truly ing. Iraq doesn’t have a strategy to secure and gov- shared, he continues, may success be possible. ern Mosul once it falls. The central government is But while the U.S. can push for such comity, it signing up Shi‘ite militia forces, linked to Iran, that can’t order it to happen. The next President may be have abused civilians, seized land and fought with forced to tell Baghdad to shape up or see the U.S.

32 TIME October 24, 2016 THE IRAN PARADOX BY ADMIRAL JAMES STAVRIDIS

Roughly 2,500 years ago, the irst great Persian Empire, led by Cyrus the Great, was founded. Over the next several centuries, it grew to dominate a signiicant portion of the world’s extant population and stretched from western India to the Mediterranean Sea. The inheritors of that imperial Persian tradition are today’s Shi‘ite Iranians, and their present-day ambitions for the Middle East—to deepen their inuence across the area—will roil the already tense region deeply over the next few years. While Iran’s path to nuclear armament has been temporarily stalled by a diplomatic agreement, the sanctions relief it negotiated as a result is pouring billions of dollars into its economy. A major part of that money will be used to increase Iranian control over Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Afghanistan and other fragile regional nations. They will put increasing pressure on our principal ally, Israel, and An Iraq military continue to collide with our Sunni allies, notably outpost south Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states. The Iranians of Mosul near will also increase their ability to use asymmetric Makhmour, where weapons such as cyber and terrorism to inuence Iraqi forces have public opinion and increase their freedom to a training and maneuver. And over time, the Iranian relationship operations base with Vladimir Putin’s Russia will deepen. The next President of the United States must take a proactive approach to the Iranian challenge. Simply hoping that our allies and friends in the walk away from the table. “Most Americans now ac- region will be able to resist Iran on their own, or cept, even if they will not admit, that the U.S. does with minimal levels of assistance, will lead to not have the capacity to restore stability to a region Iranian domination of the region. We should irst that we did so much to destabilize,” says military and foremost provide military assistance, training and technology to both Israel and our Sunni Arab scholar and retired Army oicer Andrew Bacevich. partners in the region—much of which can be Power sharing alone, while required, won’t be self-funded by the nations there. Second, we suicient. And if the State Department lacks a se- need to use our own assets in the cybersphere to cret plan for the mission, at least one Army oicer is defend ourselves (and our allies) more effectively pondering how to do better this time. “We need to and also prepare to respond offensively to deter Iranian adventurism in cyberspace. Third, our ind the right levers to achieve a sustainable peace,” intelligence community must aggressively focus says Major Jonathan Bate, a veteran of three tours on understanding Iranian moves and advising in Afghanistan who now lectures in economics at U.S. leaders on how to counter them. And fourth, West Point. The U.S., he believes, pumped too much somewhat counterintuitively, we also need to keep money into too-big projects in Afghanistan and Iraq. an open dialogue with Iran—to include commercial, academic and diplomatic engagement. He likens it to a 21st century Marshall Plan that did The paradox of Iran is that over time, by little to change the lives of those living amid the ruins. interacting with the Iranians, we have the best “We tried the top-down approach, spending chance of bringing their young and dynamic $60 billion in Iraq and $114 billion in Afghanistan, population into a more responsible global position, and it fell apart,” Bate says. “We built schools and against the desires of the aging theocracy. In the meantime, we will need a robust military and hospitals and massive electric plants, but the peo- cyber deterrent posture alongside our allies in this ple might not see those beneits for years, when they turbulent region. That combination of deterrence need income and security now.” The emphasis should and dialogue is our best hope for improving relations be on items that clearly and quickly make life bet- over time. ter, like food, clothing, shelter, school supplies and Stavridis is dean of the Fletcher School of Law and irst-aid kits, he says. There’s evidence that such in- Diplomacy at Tufts University and a former Supreme vestments do more than bigger projects to dampen Allied Commander at NATO. He is a regular violence. contributor to TIME. 33 Of course, a new U.S. Administration could also double down to try to end the ive-year-old Syrian NATIONAL SECURITY civil war, which has helped fuel ISIS’s rise. “The cost of stabilizing Mosul and [Syrian ISIS stronghold] Raqqa at this point exceeds what just about any American is now willing to pay, so some version of containment is what we’re going to be living with in Battling lone-wolf Syria for a long time,” says Stephen Biddle, a former professor at the Army War College who is now at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Unless Trump wins, terrorists at home in which case all bets are of.” BY NICHOLAS RASMUSSEN Senator John McCain, the Arizona Republican who chairs the Armed Services Committee, wants a more muscular approach too. While the U.S. and Iraq THE ARRAY OF terrorist actors is broader, wider and deeper tend to the Iraqi half of ISIS’s self-declared caliphate, than it has been at any time since Sept. 11, 2001. While I have the U.S. military must do more in Syria, he argues. It great conidence in the U.S. counterterrorism architecture should create safe zones for Syrian civilians and shoot built in the past 15 years and the professionals we have trained, down President Bashar Assad’s aircraft, which have this is certainly a sobering state of afairs. been bombing civilians in rebel-held neighborhoods In the current environment, terrorist threats to the home- around Aleppo, the country’s largest city. Russian land typically take two forms. On one end of the spectrum, warplanes, McCain adds, should face the same fate. Americans face complex plots driven by known terrorist But there is no silver bullet to kill the caliphate groups—including ISIS—that can take months or years to ma- outright, and its death throes could last for decades. terialize. In my view, the U.S. is well postured to defend against “The U.S. government hasn’t leveled with the Ameri- these kinds of attacks. can people and told them this is going to be like the On the other end of the spectrum, we face a growing number Cold War,” says Daniel Bolger, a retired Army lieuten- of potential attacks by what we call homegrown violent ant general who commanded in Iraq and Afghanistan extremists. These individuals are frequently lone actors who and teaches military history at North Carolina State are inspired by, but have no signiicant connection to, groups University. “It’s going to run for 50, 60 or 100 years.” such as ISIS and al-Qaeda. They are harder to detect and more That’s one reason Bate has been working to igure challenging to disrupt. ISIS leaders believe they can advance out how to bring security to war-torn lands. “My little their cause by motivating these individuals to carry out attacks brother is deployed to Iraq now,” he says. And while around the globe, even if such attacks do not generate as much he and his wife have no kids yet, they’re thinking of death and destruction as 9/11. starting a family. “My concern,”he adds, “is how do We are making signiicant progress in both shrinking the we make sure my kids don’t end up there too.” □ territory ISIS controls in Iraq and Syria, and denying it access

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES

BEIJING LONDON ISTANBUL TIME’s foreign Donald Trump bashes China. There is Trumpism in Britain: People across the Middle East are correspondents So why does the Global Times, a T-shirts bearing his face and perplexed, fearful and repulsed by Communist party-linked Chinese “Make Britain Great Again” Trump, who has at times called on how the daily, contend that many Chinese baseball caps were worn openly for a ban on Muslims entering world sees the prefer Trump? “Just like some at September’s conference of the U.S. But what also stings is American voters, the Chinese the right-wing U.K. Independence Trump’s praise for Middle Eastern U.S. election public likes the idea of a new face Party. But while most Britons dictators: he lauded Saddam Hus- in politics who is not a traditional are repelled by Trump, Clinton’s sein and called Egypt’s autocratic politician,” says Wang Yiwei, a candidacy seems less than President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi “a professor of international politics historic to a nation already on its fantastic guy.” Clinton has her own at Renmin University. Besides, second female Prime Minister. fraught history with the region, Hillary Clinton has long stood The overwhelming feeling in including her vote for the Iraq War. up to the Chinese government. Britain is amusement at how But Trump’s apparent hostility “She is always criticizing China,” its U.S. cousin’s political system to Arabs and Muslims has led says Wang, “for human rights or has come so spectacularly many to regard Clinton as a lesser something else.” —Hannah Beech unglued. —Dan Stewart evil. —Jared Malsin

34 TIME October 24, 2016 EVEN PRESIDENT TRUMP COULDN’T TURN RUSSIA INTOA to additional manpower. However, as the so-called caliphate FRIEND OF THE U.S. crumbles, we expect that militants will stream out of the region and may create new security threats in areas where they resettle. BY MASHA GESSEN As a result, we believe there will be a lag between the time when we achieve territorial success and when we ultimately succeed There have been a lot of column inches devoted to the danger of Donald Trump, if elected, becoming in constraining ISIS’s ability to attack overseas. a puppet of Russian President Vladimir Putin. Whatever challenge we face, our strongest defense is a whole- The Kremlin itself has peddled this vision of the of-government approach where federal agencies expand their future in its propaganda, both domestically and in sharing of intelligence with state and local authorities, who Ukraine. In this scenario, President Trump lifts U.S. are the irst line of defense against attacks in the U.S. And sanctions on Russia and recognizes the annexation of Crimea, and the U.S. all but drops out of NATO. given the agility that terrorists have shown, we are looking to It’s a frightening prospect: two world-class bullies move beyond a primarily name-based watch-listing system to becoming best buddies across the ocean. a biometric one that would use things like facial recognition, But that is not going to happen—it’ll be worse. ingerprints, iris scans and DNA. Why? First, Russia is effectively in a state of war But ultimately our greatest hope for enduring security with the U.S. Its military doctrine, adopted in December 2014, identiies NATO as Russia’s against terrorism rests in our ability to counter the appeal enemy No. 1. Russian propaganda makes of groups like ISIS and dissuade individuals from joining clear that by NATO, they mean the U.S. Turn on them in the irst place. We have seen a steady expansion of Russian TV day or night and you will hear preventive strategies and more active awareness eforts across that America is waging war against the U.S., with the goal of giving communities the information Russia. Ukraine and Syria are mere proxies, where Russians are ighting and tools they need to see violent extremism in their midst imagined U.S. aggression. and do something about it before it manifests itself. The This anti-American act will not be more informed and resilient the community, the less likely its dropped if a friendly politician comes to power members are to join a terrorist group or carry out an attack, in the U.S. Putin’s authority rests on an ongoing and the more decisive America’s advantage over our terrorist mobilization of Russian society, and the vision of America as an all-powerful enemy is the basis of this adversaries becomes. mobilization. There is no substitute. Second, Trump is similar to Putin in a key way: he Rasmussen heads the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center dreams of the sort of popularity that can be secured only by conjuring enemies and waging wars. If elected, he will rattle sabers all the way, and he will quickly realize that he has the ultimate saber at his disposal: a nuclear one. Here Putin, who regularly reminds his audiences that he has the nuclear option, will be his role model—and his opponent. We will quickly come to the brink of nuclear war. The Russian military doctrine reserves the right of nuclear strike in case of aggression—including non-nuclear aggression—against Russia or its BERLIN CAPE TOWN allies. The term allies is not deined by any treaty. The U.S. elections would be South Africa has a recent history In other words, Russia simply reserves the right of over if Germans had a vote. of outlandish characters seeking irst strike. One survey found that 90% of political ofice, so for South U.S. policy toward Putin under President Obama them support Clinton while only Africans the outright insanity of is best described as strategic nonengagement. First 3% back Trump. But there is the U.S. election has come as the U.S. tried to empower nominal Russian President worry that Germany itself could something of a relief. “For us the Dmitri Medvedev. Later, with the invasion of Ukraine, be ripe for disruption from a U.S. elections are awesome,” says the U.S. imposed sanctions on Russia and has since Trumpian populist. Referring to radio DJ and social commentator tried to limit engagement over Syria. It would be a this threat as a rising “behemoth Darren Simpson. “Sitting here stretch to call these policies successful, but they of nationalism,” Foreign Minister in South Africa, you think things might be the best strategy against an unhinged bully. Frank-Walter Steinmeier had are a complete mess. But now Confrontation will certainly be more dangerous for this advice for his countrymen: we realize that things are a mess the U.S., Russia and the world. “This irebomb can, indeed it in most parts of the world, and Gessen is a Russian-American journalist and the must, be snuffed out in the voting now in the most powerful country author of booth.” But Germans won’t get to of the world, things are an even The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise vote. —Simon Shuster bigger mess.” —Aryn Baker of Vladimir Putin ILLUSTRATIONS BY ALEX FINE FOR TIME

35 INCOME INEQUALITY 5ISSUES THAT DESERVE MORE Shrinking the gap is LOVE—OR HATE key for democracy BY NATE HOPPER SHIPPING BY BARACK OBAMA Ninety percent of all we use—shirts, phones, disposable coffee cups and ONE OF THE REASONS the beans therein—have traveled I ran for President was because, for decades, the around the world on ships burning economy had been changing, and Washington hadn’t done enough to one of the dirtiest fuels by the ton. make it work for working Americans. Everywhere I went, it seemed like According to Edward Humes, author our economy’s basic bargain—if you work hard, you can get ahead— of Door to Door, 160 of these ships had frayed. create the same amount of smog and particulate pollution as all the cars in The good news is, policy proves we can make a diference. In 2015, the world. The eet is 6,000 large. the typical household saw its income rise by $2,800. That’s a 5% gain— the fastest rate on record. And 3.5 million Americans climbed out of CHARTER SCHOOLS poverty—the most in one year since the 1960s. Changes to tax policy A recent Brookings Institute study under my Administration helped ensure the 1% pay a fairer share. But of Massachusetts lottery charter programs found that urban schools they also increased the share of income going to everyone else by more cut the racial achievement gap by than the tax changes of any other Administration since at least 1960. a third in a year and, as is the trend Along with the coverage provisions of the Afordable Care Act, these in cities nationwide, raised the test tax changes will boost incomes next year for families in the bottom one- scores and college-attendance rates ifth by the equivalent of over a decade of average income gains. But it of disadvantaged students (though only them). will take more than eight years to reverse trends going back decades. Here’s the problem with inequality: As the gap between the wealthy GERRYMANDERING and everyone else widens, so does the distance between rungs on the In 2012, Democrats received ladder. The consequences of starting at the bottom become more seri- 1.4 million more votes than ous. Research shows that in countries with more inequality, growth is Republicans for the House of Representatives. Yet the GOP won more fragile and recessions are more frequent, potentially because the control of the House by a wide margin, middle class has less to spend. When people feel like the game is rigged, in part because districts tend to be distrust grows. But we are not powerless to push back on inequality—as drawn up not to beneit communities long as we make the right choices and set the right priorities. with shared needs, but to ensure that First, we have to accelerate economic growth. Investing more in in- the party designing the districts will have its power overrepresented. frastructure, reforming our business tax system and expanding trade while ensuring a level playing ield would boost demand, productivity THE WILDERNESS and competitiveness. Second, we must ensure that every American can Since 1993, 1.3 million sq. mi. of share in that growth. That means strengthening collective bargaining, wilderness—10% of what’s left on raising the minimum wage, securing beneits like paid leave and giv- earth—has disappeared, mostly plundered by lumbering or oil and gas ing more tax cuts to working families—and paying for them by asking exploration. Scientists recently found the wealthy to pay their fair share. With increasing corporate consol- that in less than a century, there idation, it also means doing more to encourage true competition in could be no wilderness left—nowhere the marketplace and ofering more choices to consumers. Third, we for untouched evolution or natural must prepare every child and worker with education that lasts a life- carbon storage, or human escape. time—from pre-K to afordable higher education to job-driven training. PUBLIC-SECTOR JOBS TIME FOR FINE ALEX BY ILLUSTRATION Eight years after the worst economic crisis of our lifetimes, more Government jobs are being cut. As of Americans are working and more have health insurance; incomes 2013, over half of workers left—in are rising, and poverty is falling. Almost every economic trend line is infrastructure, police, transit—were heading in the right direction. The choices we make now will determine ages 45 to 64. Meanwhile, a 2013 poll found that not even 6% of college- whether or not that continues. And I’m as optimistic as ever that our age millennials planned to enter the best days are ahead. sector right after college. Together, critical functions for everyday life may Obama is the 44th President of the United States soon be even more undermanned.

36 TIME October 24, 2016 TAXES

A new report from the Tax Policy Center projects how the candidates’ A tale of two tax plans tax plans would play out. The indings, which factor in proposed tax BY EMILY BARONE rates and breaks, show sharply diverging results.

Taxpayers would OWE this much Taxpayers would SAVE more next year on average this much more next year

Less than $25K $110 TRUMP $100 CLINTON

CLINTON’S $25K–$48K $400 TRUMP’S TAX PLAN $140 TAX PLAN Hillary $48K–$83K $1,010 Donald Trump’s Clinton plans plan cuts taxes to expand $110 across the board. middle-class As a percentage tax breaks, like $83K–$143K $2,030 of income, the doubling the changes would child tax credit. $40 most beneit top But taxes on earners. Some top earners $143K–$208K $3,270 proposals, like would jump. $100 repealing head-of- Those making household iling $1 million status, would

HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD $208K–$292K would pay a $5,350 increase taxes on minimum 30% $750 larger families and rate; income single parents.* over $5 million $292K–$699K $18,490 would incur a * Trump’s campaign 4% surcharge. $4,690 rejects this analysis, without offering an alternative. $699K–$3.75M $214,690 $117,760

More than $3.75M $1,066,460 $805,250

THE FALLOUT $7.2T $8T 26.2% Nearly every year, tax $5.4T revenue fails to cover 7T $5.6B 21.1% national expenses. 6T 0% This has fueled the 5T Cumulative change national debt to 4T $2.3T $14 trillion, or 76% in debt, in dollars 10.5% 3T and relative to GDP of GDP. Looking at the 2T tax proposals alone (and not accounting 1T TRUMP for spending plans), 0 CLINTON Trump’s plan would –1T –$379.7B increase the debt in –$8.2B –2T –1.7% –$1.1T –$1.6 T the coming decade. 0% –4.3% Clinton’s would –5.7% shrink it. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 CLINTON, TRUMP: DREW ANGERER—GETTY DREW TRUMP: IMAGES CLINTON,

NOTE: THE TAX POLICY CENTER MADE MANY ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE UNSPECIFIED DETAILS OF TRUMP’S PLAN AFTER REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION WERE NOT ANSWERED BY HIS CAMPAIGN. 37 CHILD CARE

The terrible, horrible, no good, very bad child-care problem BY ELIZABETH DIAS

MEREDITH AND PAUL TWEED did their best to plan for parenting. They had suc- cessfully timed the birth of their irst son, now 5, for the beginning of summer, since Meredith’s job as a university instructor did not ofer paid maternity leave. When fall came, the Longwood, Fla., couple found an in-home child-care provider who charged $500 a month, half the cost of the nearby day-care center. But two years later, their monthly tab doubled when their second child was born. So they sold their town house and moved in with her parents for a year to save money. Mer- edith left teaching for an administration job with more earning potential. They bought a ixer-upper and canceled their PHOTOGRAPHS BY SARA NAOMI LEWKOWICZ FOR TIME For Nathaniel, 5, who is on the autism spectrum, the space under 3-year-old brother Parker’s mattress is comforting 39 cable—and they decided to have no more children. fordable child care and paid family and medical leave. Child care was just too expensive. As a result, the politics of child care is undergo- Now, every month, the Tweeds spend $1,100 out ing a rapid transformation, moving quickly to the of pocket for care for their kids while they work, just front of the debate for both Republicans and Demo- $28 less than they spend on their mortgage. Despite crats. Americans support free child-care and pre-K dual incomes, their child care costs nearly 17% of programs by more than 2 to 1, according to Gallup, their $72,000 take-home income—more than twice and red and blue states alike are beginning to ex- as much as a year of tuition and fees at Florida State periment with solutions. On the presidential cam- University. If the basic cost were not overwhelming paign trail, both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump enough, their older son Nathaniel was diagnosed as have game-changing plans to get the government to being on the autism spectrum. He needs specialist subsidize more of the cost, with prescriptions rang- care that costs an additional $25 an hour, too much The Tweeds lived ing from tax breaks to federal paid leave to universal given his therapies and their health bills and car pay- with Meredith’s pre-K education. parents for a year ments. They decided to postpone their student loans to save money That doesn’t mean Congress is likely to pass a for the year and face higher interest rates later. “We when child-care new law anytime soon. Both proposals are expected can’t aford to do all these things all at the same time,” expenses grew to cost hundreds of billions of dollars over the next Meredith says. “Everything with a need comes irst.” burdensome; decade. But some change is likely coming. “The de- Across the U.S., families are struggling with this now they’re on bate has fundamentally altered,” says Neera Tanden, their own and everyday need. Nearly two-thirds of mothers with the family enjoys president of the Center for American Progress and children under age 6 work, and families with a work- most meals at a Clinton supporter. “I’m more optimistic than I’ve ing mother spend nearly twice as much on child care home—with ever been on this topic.” as they did 30 years ago, according to the U.S. Census. cooking duties In 33 states and Washington, D.C., it costs more to evenly split THIS ISN’T THE FIRST TIME lawmakers have tried between put an infant in day care than it does to pay in-state Meredith and to respond to the needs of the changing workforce. college tuition and fees at a four-year public school. Paul—to When women looded the domestic labor pool dur- It isn’t much cheaper for a 4-year-old. In every state, cut costs ing World War II, the federal government heavily a month of child care for two kids costs more than the and nearly universally subsidized day-care centers, median rent. The U.S. remains the only nation in the which cost parents less than $10 in today’s dollars for 35-member Organisation for Economic Co-operation 12 hours of child care. That disappeared once the war and Development that does not guarantee paid mater- ended. Congress approved a similar program during nity leave, forcing many parents to forgo income. Ac- the feminist boom of the early 1970s, but President cording to one study by the liberal Center for Ameri- Richard Nixon vetoed it. The biggest lasting advance can Progress, parents give up $28.9 billion a year in came in 1993 when President Bill Clinton signed the wages to care for their children because of a lack of af- Family and Medical Leave Act, which guarantees em-

40 TIME October 24, 2016 ployees of larger businesses 12 weeks of unpaid leave WORKING FAMILIES publican interest elsewhere is growing. Florida Sen- for medical circumstances like childbirth or an ill WANT MORE HELP ator Marco Rubio put forth a family-leave plan and family member. Small-government conservatives a child tax credit in the primaries. In August, the have often opposed child care as another entitle- BEING THERE conservative-leaning American Action Forum pro- ment, and much of the political capital on education posed a targeted beneit, modeled on the earned- has been spent on the high cost of college. 50% income tax credit, that would provide up to 12 weeks But this suite of family issues has been a pillar of paid leave for workers who make under $28,000 of progressive policies. Hillary Clinton has long ad- Percentage of full- a year. The conservative Independent Women’s vocated for leave reforms and early-childhood pro- time working moms Forum—from whose board Trump’s campaign man- who “wish they could grams. On the campaign trail, she has proposed be doing more” to be ager Kellyanne Conway took a leave of absence to capping a family’s child-care expenses at 10% of involved with their join his campaign—has been holding brieings for its income, guaranteeing 12 weeks of paid leave if a kids’ education. The Republican members on Capitol Hill and is releas- worker has a new child or ill family member, ofer- percentage is lower ing child-care and paid-leave messaging kits this fall. ing universal preschool for 4-year-olds, expanding among part-time “I think universal paid leave is a terrible idea, but I working moms (32%) the child tax credit’s value for young children, and than among those recognize that most women are working not because raising pay for child-care workers. Her eforts fol- who aren’t employed they have some intellectual itch to satisfy. It is be- low President Barack Obama’s proposal for univer- (40%) cause they have bills to pay,” says Sabrina Schaef- sal preschool three years ago and his repeated calls fer, the group’s executive director. “We need to really for a tax credit of up to $3,000 per child per year, PARENTAL LEAVE take that seriously and come up with alternatives.” which would triple the maximum child-care credit for middle-class families. 74% AGREEING ON THE PROBLEM IS ONE THING, but The rise of Trump has helped elevate the issue. Percentage deciding how to pay for it is another. The Depart- With his daughter Ivanka by his side in Septem- of registered ment of Health and Human Services considers 10% ber, Trump announced that he would promote six voters—83% of of family income the appropriate cap for afordable weeks of paid leave for birth and adoptive mothers, Democrats and 71% child care, but only families in two states are able a tax credit for child care and a new Dependent Care of Republicans—who to stay under that threshold. Child-care costs also support mandating Savings Account whose balance could roll over year paid parental leave vary greatly by region, adding diferent burdens to over year, even accounting for unborn children. Soon states. In Nevada, infant care in a center costs $9,800 SOURCES: PEW; FORTUNE- after, Ivanka met with Republican Congresswomen, MORNING CONSULT a year—35% of the median income for a single par- including the highest-ranking female GOP leader in ent, according to Child Care Aware of America. In the House, Cathy McMorris Rodgers, to discuss child Massachusetts, care for an infant and a 4-year-old is care, equal pay and workplace lexibility. nearly $30,000 a year, or 110% of the median income It is an unusual move for a politician whose party for a single parent. platform does not even mention the topic, but Re- If the costs are a drain for the middle class, they 41 are often an impossibility for the poor. The typical cost of a full-time nanny tops $28,000, which for a minimum-wage worker is 188% of income, according to analysis from New America and Care.com. South Dakota, where the average income is the sixth lowest in the nation, has the highest share of families where all parents work, but it ranks near the bottom in care availability. It does not help that child-care workers are among the lowest paid in the country. States and cities have been stepping in to ill the gaps, though only ive states have partial paid-leave programs. California expanded its six-week paid- leave program in April to ensure that low-wage workers receive 70% of their income, while higher- wage workers get 60%. San Francisco will begin to ofer six weeks of full paid time of for new parents in 2017. New York will ofer 12 weeks’ paid leave, capped at two-thirds of the state’s average weekly pay. Washington, D.C., where the cost of child care is more expensive than in the 50 states according to Child Care Aware, has proposed the most generous paid family-leave program in the country—16 weeks funded through a 1% payroll tax on employers. Other parts of the country have opted for more tar- geted programs. The Texas state legislature approved Republican governor Greg Abbott’s $118 million in- vestment in high-quality pre-K last year. In June, Philadelphia passed a new soda tax to raise millions of dollars to expand early-childhood education pro- grams. Chicago launched a $17 million Pay for Suc- cess program in 2014 to expand early-childhood ed- ucation via private-investment social-impact bonds, whereby the city would pay back investors if goals, like kindergarten readiness, are achieved. Salt Lake County did something like that in 2013 to expand a high-quality preschool program, and Georgia re- cently launched a similar program for early-child health home visits. “There is much more creativity and initiative on the state level. This is bipartisan,” says Mark Shriver, president of Save the Children Action Network. “What you don’t have is the fed- eral commitment.” For voters in November, the issue will go beyond DETAILS FOR TRUMP’S AND CLINTON’S proposals the top of the ticket. In Dayton, Ohio, there’s a pro- remain murky. Clinton has yet to articulate exactly posal on the ballot to raise the income tax by 0.25% how she would pay for the beneits. It is also unclear to fund a citywide universal pre-K. In nearby Cin- whether Trump’s plan applies to fathers or same-sex cinnati, the school board has for the irst time put couples or how he plans to have a savings account for a tax on the ballot that would include expansion of During a quiet unborn children. Critics are concerned that Trump’s pre-K programs for low-income children. An Oregon moment at home, plan would increase incentives to hire men over the family stops measure would raise the state’s corporate earning tax to observe a women if it ofers maternity but not paternity leave. to expand state services including early-childhood grasshopper on Critics have also charged that a tax credit focuses too education funding. A coalition of groups—including the move outside much of the beneit on aluent families, not those Child Care Aware of America and unions like the with low incomes who already pay no income taxes. American Federation for Teachers and the Service Meredith Tweed is skeptical that a tax credit would Employees International Union—have planned town help her pay her immediate bills. “The tax credit in halls and rallies in states and cities to discuss key the long run—” she says of paycheck-to-paycheck child-care and early-education issues before voters families, “they can’t even pay to get there.” head to the polls. In the meantime, the Tweeds, like so many

42 TIME October 24, 2016 SOCIETY NEEDSTO CARE FORALL OUR CAREGIVERS BY MELINDA GATES

Americans are famous for working hard. Some- times, though, life needs to take priority over work, and the U.S. is notoriously lacking in policies that support employees who need to take time off when it does. We are the only developed country in the world that doesn’t provide paid leave for new parents, but childbirth is just one of many reasons Americans might need to take leave. More than 25 million American workers care for an aging friend or relative. Our own health isn’t always perfect either, no matter what age we are. But if fulilling our obligations to ourselves and our loved ones requires an extended absence from work, we’re often on our own. We save up vacation days to stay home with a new baby. We lean on friends and neighbors to check in on ailing family members. We plead with employers for understanding when we get sick. But when these makeshift solutions don’t work, people are sometimes forced to quit their jobs, use up their savings and go into debt. Fortunately, business and government leaders are inally starting to pay attention to this problem. More employers are choosing to provide paid parental leave—increasingly for mothers and fathers. Some businesses, like Discovery Communications, are also starting to offer paid leave to employees caring for family members. These companies are inding that giving employees these beneits makes them more attractive places to work and can help the bottom line. For example, other families, look for ways to get by. Meredith since Accenture improved its parental-leave policy is part of an invite-only Facebook group that has last year, the number of mothers who come back to grown to 14,000 mothers who brainstorm about work has gone up by 30%. This year both presidential candidates have everything from how to pay for child care to how to talked about their support for paid leave. There are handle diaper rashes. Her parents both still work, some differences in the details of their proposals, and while they rarely can help with child care, and I encourage you to read up on them. My own they pay for extras like gymnastics classes. Her view is that we need a comprehensive policy for son Nathaniel was able to join Early Steps, a state- men and women that covers the range of scenarios that actually apply in modern life: a sick relative, run early-intervention program for children with a new baby or an individual’s own illness. No developmental delays, which allowed him to attend matter what happens, though, I’m thankful that a free preschool for children with special needs. we’re inally at the point where the question is not Eventually, he was mainstreamed for kindergarten. “Should we give Americans the ability to care for “In essence, I benefited from preschool, a themselves and their families?” but rather “How are we going to do it?” universal sort of preschool,” Meredith says. “That intervention, and that system, really provided so Gates is a co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates much for our family.” □ Foundation 43 ECONOMY

Has the world reached peak trade? BY RANA FOROOHAR

GLOBALIZATION IS USUALLY DEFINED as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important economic force of modernity. Until the inancial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. Yet, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is changing fast. Statistics tell the story: According to the World Trade Organization, average global trade lows grew machine-to-machine interactions—has around 10% a year from 1949 to 2008. But those num- grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is bers slumped to 1.3% from 2009 to 2015 and show projected to grow much faster than the Digital no signs of picking up, even as the global economy global economy over the next few years. globalization may has partially recovered from recession. Meanwhile, The real questions are whether that activ- yet offer a new paradigm for lows of inancial capital have become balkanized— ity will buoy the global economy as much global trade which is to say that after decades of coming closer as trade in physical goods once did, and together, global markets and banking systems are whether a more inclusive kind of global- pulling apart. While cross-border goods, services and ization could help counter protectionism, inancial lows represented 53% of the world econ- nationalism and xenophobia. omy in 2007, they are a mere 39% now. And there is There’s no doubt globalization has a drastic political pushback against the free low of increased wealth at both global and na- people across national borders—globalization at its tional levels. According to the U.S. Coun- most human. cil of Economic Advisers, the reduction The question is: Have we reached peak trade? “If of trade barriers alone raised U.S. GDP you think about globalization in traditional terms, in by 7.3% from the end of World War II terms of old-line trade in goods, for example, then through 2014. But free trade can also yes,” says McKinsey Global Institute research direc- widen the wealth divide within coun-

tor Susan Lund. “But if you think of it in terms of the tries, in part by creating concentrated WAGNER JAKOB low of digital data and ideas, then no—it’s actually groups of economic losers. Free trade increasing.” Indeed, the cross-border low of digi- has made goods and services cheaper for tal data—e-commerce, web searches, online video, Americans—think of all the inexpensive

44 TIME October 24, 2016 high-end jobs—in research and develop- PERCEPTIONS OF ment or product design—closer to lower- TRADE DEPEND ON end factory and logistics jobs. The aim is EDUCATION LEVEL to better satisfy consumers who, for ex- ample, want product selection in stores NEW to change every few weeks rather than OPPORTUNITIES once every three to six months. Firms like American Apparel, Zara, L Brands and 69% many others now create multiple prod- uct hubs in regions, rather than building Percentage of people with a college degree complex global supply chains based on or higher who think where each element of a product can be U.S. involvement in sourced most cheaply. This “localization” the global economy is is now being touted by companies from “good” because it pro- GE to Caterpillar and IBM. vides access to new markets and growth. And what about the free low of peo- Only 41% of those ple? Thanks in large part to the Syrian with a high school crisis, global lows of migrants, particu- diploma or less hold larly asylum seekers to OECD countries, the same view. have increased dramatically over the past LOSING JOBS few years. They haven’t been welcomed AND WAGES with open arms. Intense political pres- sure against migration threatens to top- ple Chancellor Angela Merkel in Ger- 55% many and has become a deining issue in Percentage of those the U.S. election. According to the latest with a high school OECD migration-outlook report, more diploma or less who agree that U.S. people than ever before in the developed involvement in a world hold anti-immigration views. global economy is There is one reason to be optimis- “bad” because it tic about the future of globalization—at lowers wages and least, the new information-based kind. eliminates jobs in the U.S. Just 28% of Chinese-made goods at Walmart—but it hasn’t al- McKinsey data project that the compa- those with a college ways helped their job prospects. From 1990 to 2008, nies responsible for the jump in lows of degree feel the same. the areas most exposed to foreign competition saw digital goods, services and information almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason will include a much higher proportion of STAYING COMPETITIVE the new generation of Americans is on track to be small businesses than in the past. An es- poorer than their parents. timated 86% of tech-based startups sur- Conventional economic wisdom argues that these veyed by McKinsey now do some cross- 48% forces should simply push Western workers into more border business—impossible before the Percentage of productive areas of the economy like white-collar Internet, when globalization was domi- Clinton supporters work and services. But many studies—including an nated by behemoths. That means that who think the U.S. inluential one by economists David Autor, David more of the wealth generated by global- is making progress overall, compared Dorn and Gordon Hanson—have shown that’s not ization could trickle down to the 80% of with 4% of Trump always the case. The gains of free trade do not always the population that hasn’t beneited as supporters. 72% of outweigh the losses. Their study shows that sagging much as it should have. Trump supporters wages in U.S. labor markets exposed to Chinese com- If those individuals feel they are being think the U.S. is petition reduced adult earnings by $213 per year. empowered by open borders and freer falling behind, vs. 23% of Clinton The realization that the tide of globalization trade, it could help swing the political supporters. doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free- pendulum back toward globalization in trade movement. And companies themselves are some form. Despite its laws, it has been SOURCE: TIME/SURVEYMONKEY POLL backing away from globalization. For several years, an economic force that has lifted more there’s been a growing trend in business toward so- people out of poverty than anything else called vertical integration, in which companies put the world has ever known. □ INFRASTRUCTURE

Rebuilding our While most politicians speak favorably about infrastructure projects, funding them is a different story. That’s why cash-strapped cities and foundations BY EMILY BARONE states are struggling to maintain the bridges, tunnels and roads that

MORE DIRE INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING Transportation and water projects accounted for 2.7% of total federal spending in recent years—less than half of its peak of almost 6% in 1965 6% LEVEES AIRPORTS DRINKING WATER

Many levees The country’s air- The drinking- 4 2.7% originally designed trafic control water crisis in to protect farmland primarily relies on a Flint, Mich., raised are now used to 1960s radar system, awareness of protect residential rather than more America’s aging 2 areas that are home modern satellite pipelines. About to some 14 million technology. This 90% of the people.The risk of limits eficiency into country depends INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING AS % OF FEDERAL SPENDING ooding is a concern and out of airports. on public water 0 as water levels rise. systems. While the 1960 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 2014 Nearly 85% of the conditions of many nation’s levees 798M of these systems are locally owned Passengers are unknown, it’s The U.S. ranked and operated. 600M likely that many will deteriorate in the coming decades. 19TH 64% 300 0 in transport infrastructure spending as 29% 1985 2015 a percentage of GDP in 2014 among 9,000 Olympic-size 28 advanced countries 7% swimming pools of In addition to drinking water are Acceptable upgrading air-trafic lost daily from leaks Minimally control, airports CANDIDATES’ PLANS acceptable need to make Unacceptable Water networks improvements to generally last handle the influx 75 to 120 years. About 1 in 3 of the of travelers. To Most pipes were nation’s levees is cope, Boeing is installed in the years in “unacceptable planning to roll out a after World War II, condition,” which massive airliner that though some of the means that one or can fold its wings oldest systems, like more inspection Hillary Clinton is Donald Trump has in order to it at Philadelphia’s, date points would prevent proposing to spend repeatedly said smaller gates. back to the Civil War. the system from $275 billion over that infrastructure working. ive years to rebuild is a problem, and modernize though he has THE FIX THE FIX infrastructure, provided few The EPA estimated funded through details on how to THE FIX The FAA has been rolling out a new in 2011 that business tax address it. In an State and local maintaining or reform. She also August interview air-trafic control governments will system since 2007. replacing pipes, plans to establish with Fox Business, need to fund the treatment plants, a national he said he would The project, which majority of levee will continue over storage tanks and infrastructure bank spend “at least repairs, which, other assets over to provide loans, double” the the next 10 years, altogether, could will cost an the next 20 years loan guarantees amount in Clinton’s exceed will cost and other forms plan. Funding would estimated of credit for public- come from issuing works projects. bonds, he added. $100 BILLION $32 BILLION $384 BILLION CLINTON, TRUMP: DREW ANGERER—GETTY IMAGES

46 TIME October 24, 2016 citizens count on. Federal funds are shrinking too. Take the federal major investments like the transcontinental railroad and interstate Highway Trust Fund. It routinely runs dry because its primary funding—a highways stemmed from obvious public need. But today’s vital need is tax on gasoline—hasn’t kept up with inlation since 1994. Historically, routine upkeep, which is easy to ignore—until something goes wrong.

LESS DIRE

HIGHWAYS ELECTRIC GRID BRIDGES RAIL SOLID WASTE

A third of the Electricity is getting If all the country’s Having enough The U.S. has made nation’s major a makeover as smart deicient bridges track capacity for huge strides in roads are in poor or meters, which better were linked from both passenger and recycling since the mediocre condition. manage power, end to end, they freight is one of the 1990s. Still, when it City highways are become common. would run from biggest challenges comes to reducing the worst off.The But the grid is Washington, D.C., to facing U.S. rails, the 167 million tons resulting congestion still vulnerable to Denver. About 75% particularly in urban of annual landill costs drivers time physical and cyber of them were built areas, where public- waste, there’s and fuel. Commuters attacks. A security- more than 50 years transit needs considerable room in the largest cities advisory irm found ago. Most were not are greatest. for improvement: now spend 63 hours that half of the 1,000 designed for today’s a year in trafic utility substations it trafic loads. Where trash goes on average. inspected last year 48 HOURS were secured by only Time it takes a load 53% a padlock. of freight to travel Discarded THE FIX from L.A. to Chicago THE FIX The Federal Highway To improve roads, 34% THE FIX Administration 30 HOURS Recycled the FHA has Upgrades and estimated in 2010 Time it takes recommended repairs to the grid that ixing all the that load to pass 13% raising yearly between now and nation’s deicient through Chicago Combusted investment 2025 will cost bridges would cost for energy by 87%, to Chicago is one of the country’s worst bottlenecks, with a Despite recycling $934 BILLION $106 BILLION materials like plastic quarter of all rail traf- $170 BILLION ic moving in and out and paper regularly, of the city. Construc- Americans continue tion is under way to to toss the majority address the prob- of their food waste PERCENTAGE OF HIGHWAY BRIDGE AREA lem. The project will (which emits THAT IS STRUCTURALLY DEFICIENT cost $4.4 billion, but gases in landills) only $1.3 billion has and electronics (which leak toxic WASH. been funded so far. WYO. o15%+ IOWA substances). MONT. 13.3% N.H.MAINE N.D. 10.8% VT. ORE. MINN. MASS. IDAHO S.D. WIS. N.Y. THE FIX CONN. MICH. Investments to THE FIX PA. HI NEB. N.J. GH NEV. OHIO meet future demand To keep up IND. DEL. ILL. MD. R.I. on the busy rails CALIF. COLO. facilities through L W.VA. OW KANS. MO. VA. 20.9% between Boston and 2020, hazardous- KY. UTAH, Washington, D.C., and solid-waste N.C. TEXAS TENN. OKLA. will cost site maintenance % N.M. ARK. ARIZ. 1.3 S.C. will run GA. MISS. ALA. LA. FLA. $10 BILLION 2.4% $56 BILLION ALASKA

SOURCES: OECD; CBO; GAO; ASCE; EPA; FAA; DOT; U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS; HAWAII BOEING; WSJ; AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION; CENTER FOR NEIGHBORHOOD TECHNOLOGY; CIRCLE OF BLUE; NEW YORK TIMES; TEXAS A&M TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE; TRANSPORTATION FOR AMERICA; WASHINGTON POST; CREATE PROGRAM; CATO INSTITUTE 47 HEALTH CARE

A new paradigm for opioid addiction: more drugs BY ALICE PARK

THE PHOTO WAS so startling that it al- most seemed staged. In the driver’s seat, the man’s head is dropped back, his eyes closed, mouth agape, one hand draped on the steering wheel in front of him and the other in his lap. In the passenger seat, a woman is slumped toward him, the straps of her tank top of her shoulders. Both ap- pear to be out cold. In the backseat, a young boy, the wom- an’s grandson, dressed in a blue T-shirt with a brightly colored dinosaur on it, looks blankly at the camera. The photo, taken by Ohio police oi- cer Fred Flati, went viral when his chief and the mayor posted it on the city’s Face- book page. Flati said he decided to take the photo because it wasn’t the irst time he’d seen something like this, and he knew it wouldn’t be the last. He is one of 18 of- icers in the East Liverpool police force, and in the past year, the opioid epidemic has ambushed his town and other small cities like it along the Ohio River. “Some nights the entire shift is tied PHOTOGRAPHS BY BEN LOWY FOR TIME A police oficer searches occupants of a car after they stopped on one of the most drug-traficked streets in East Liverpool, Ohio 49 A SOCIAL SCOURGE up with just overdoses,” says the police ON SOCIAL MEDIA chief, John Lane. “If we have any other calls, they just have to wait. We just don’t have enough people to be dealing with this problem.” More people died of drug overdoses in 2014 in the U.S. than in any other year, and 60% of them were because of pain- killers. Over the past 17 years, rates of opioid-overdose deaths have quadrupled, fueled by overprescription of painkillers and the proliferation of cheaper forms of heroin and synthetic opioids. The Flati photo captured the depths to which the opioid epidemic has pene- trated U.S. communities, and just as the oicer hoped, it has sparked a diicult de- bate over what created the problem and what’s making it worse. Policymakers are increasingly siding with doctors in em- bracing one way to rescue people with addiction from the overwhelming crav- Photo of OD’d care- ings of their habit. Suboxone mimics the givers posted by an narcotic efects of heroin and painkilling Ohio city on Facebook opiates without the addictive high. The medication can lower addicts’ risk of overdose death by more than 50% and their risk of relapse by more than 50% as well. After four years on the medica- tion, a third were not abusing opioids and no longer needed suboxone to maintain their sobriety. Opponents, including those from leading national drug-rehabilitation pro- grams, maintain that suboxone and its predecessor, methadone, which is used to treat heroin addiction, are also habit- forming. Chief Lane is among them. “We YouTube video of an have people here abusing methadone and OD’d Massachusetts suboxone,” he says. “They just trade one mom with her toddler drug for another.” Such concerns have led to restrictive policies governing which physicians can prescribe suboxone and how many pa- tients they can treat at any one time—far fewer than the more than 2 million people nationwide who abuse opioids and stand to beneit from the medication. With- with addictions and allow nurse practi- DEPARTMENT; POLICE LAWRENCE MASSACHUSETTS: TENNESSEE: FACEBOOK—COURTLAND GARNER TENNESSEE: FACEBOOK—COURTLAND out treatment, addicts in search of their tioners and physician assistants, as well DEPARTMENT; POLICE LIVERPOOL EAST OHIO: next hit turn instead to the black market, as doctors, to receive the proper training which is increasingly responding to the to prescribe the drug. surging demand with dangerous counter- The idea of using drugs to help addic- A Tennessee couple feit opioids that are contributing to even tion recovery has already caught on out- ilmed on Facebook more deaths. side the U.S.; both in Switzerland and Live after overdosing To break the cycle, the Obama Ad- in England, health authorities actually ministration unveiled a bold $1.1 billion dispense small amounts of heroin to ad- proposal that would encourage the use of dicts as a way to wean them of if they medicine like suboxone to treat people haven’t been successful using methadone

50 TIME October 24, 2016 or suboxone. “We tend to look at addic- blood sugar in check. People with addic- tion treatment in a black-and-white way,” tion may be dependent on the drugs to says Dr. Joji Suzuki, director of addiction East Liverpool, Ohio, Oct. 7 and 8 keep them clean, experts say, but they are psychiatry at Brigham and Women’s Hos- (clockwise from top left): A police not addicted to them, since addiction, as oficer searches a car for drugs; pital. “These drug-based treatments are Green Lane, site of much of the city’s deined in the psychiatric manual, in- efective, but overall the medical culture drug-related crime; an intoxicated man volves severe disruption of daily activi- has not embraced them.” is searched for drug paraphernalia; ties as the craving for the next high takes The key is to think of these measures drugs being processed for evidence precedence over all else. more as necessary medical treatments, “People tend to confuse the diference similar to the way people take statins to between dependence and addiction,” says lower cholesterol or insulin to keep their Suzuki. “Physiologic dependence can 51 occur because you are taking medication on a regular basis, whether it’s an opioid like [suboxone] or blood-pressure med- ications. The body becomes reliant on them. So are addicts who take buprenor- phine [suboxone’s chemical name] phys- iologically dependent on another drug? Absolutely. But addicted? Absolutely not.” Study after study supports the efec- tiveness of drug-based therapies for opi- ate addiction. People who take metha- done and suboxone are better able to keep a job, avoid relapses and gradually reduce their need to continue using her- oin or opioids. That’s key to recovery, because opi- oids can have lasting efects on the brain, often rewiring reward circuits and perma- nently altering the way people perceive satisfaction. “Once the brain is changed by addic- tion, that mechanism of choice is dam- aged,” says Dr. Sarah Wakeield, medical director of the substance-use-disorder initiative at Massachusetts General Hos- pital. “It’s almost like a stroke in that part of the brain. Someone with addiction can no sooner choose not to be addicted than someone with diabetes can choose not to have diabetes.” Still, there remains considerable stigma around the idea of using drugs to treat drug addiction. People with addic- tion who are recovering with the help of medications like suboxone are stigma- tized by members of popular rehab groups like Narcotics Anonymous, discouraging them from taking advantage of the social support that is so critical to journeying from addiction to sobriety. Even the good intentions of doctors are stymied by such old-fashioned resis- tance. Once they are authorized, physi- cians are restricted in how many patients they can treat with suboxone. Initially, federal regulations required that each suboxone. About 90% of the prescrip- addiction, no medication alone can be the doctor could treat only 30 patients at a tions for it are written by just 6,000 of answer to this epidemic. What it would time with the drug because of still en- the 32,000 doctors in the U.S. certiied do, however, is increase the options avail- trenched concerns about addicts’ swap- to administer the drug. The certiication, able to people with addiction—and re- ping addiction to heroin or painkillers issued by the Drug Enforcement Agency, duce the stigma of looking for help. for addiction to suboxone. That regula- involves eight hours of training on both The boy in the East Liverpool photo is tion has since been changed twice, and in medical and legal issues, including how now living in another state with a great- 2016, the U.S. Department of Health and the drug works to blunt the narcotic ef- aunt and -uncle who have temporary cus- Human Services expanded the number to fects of opiates, which patients should use tody; it’s his third home in his 4 years. 275 patients per doctor and allowed nurse it and its status as a controlled substance. After his mother, who was also a drug user, practitioners and physician assistants to Even if more physicians, public-health left him when he was 8 days old, his great- prescribe the drug as well. advocates and addiction-recovery groups grandparents were awarded custody, and Still, many doctors don’t prescribe embrace the idea of using drugs to treat when they could no longer care for him,

52 TIME October 24, 2016 OURADDICTION CRISIS CAN BE SOLVED—WITH HARDWORK BY VIVEK MURTHY

The prescription-opioid epidemic is one of the most urgent public-health challenges of our time. Since 1999, overdose deaths have quadrupled, which parallels the quantity of opioids prescribed. The majority of prescription opioids that are being misused are coming not from people buying them off the street but from legally written prescriptions. In 2012, enough prescriptions were written for every American adult to have a bottle of pills. The addiction to prescription opioids is also leading to increased use of heroin and the spread of HIV and hepatitis C. Despite these grim statistics, there are many reasons to be hopeful. Communities across the country are taking steps to turn the tide. In Seattle I met with police oficers who are part of a bike unit and have recently started carrying naloxone—a lifesaving antidote to opioid overdose. They told me that the day before I arrived they had saved their 10th life by administering naloxone. We know what strategies work and what we need to do to end this epidemic: we need to expand treatment. Of the 2 million people in America with an opioid-use disorder, just a small percentage can get the treatment they need. We need to close that gap. We need to get naloxone in the hands of more irst responders and family members. We need to not only train health care providers on how to treat pain, but also ensure that alternatives to pain management are covered by insurance. We need to make sure everyone understands that opioids are addictive. As simple as that may sound, many people—including many physicians—don’t recognize that some commonly prescribed medications are actually highly his grandmother. Now she is serving 180 addictive. This does not mean that opioids should days in jail and her partner is serving 360 not be used for legitimate pain. Twenty years days for child endangerment, public intox- A homeless addict trying to ago, the medical community acknowledged ication and driving under the inluence. get clean in East Liverpool, that we were not adequately treating pain, but Ohio, says her addiction While incarcerated, neither will re- the pendulum swung too far in the direction of has exhausted the patience prescribing opioids. As we confront this epidemic, ceive treatment for drug abuse; cities like and resources of family and we don’t want the pendulum to swing too far in East Liverpool don’t have the resources or friends who tried to help the other direction. the training to provide it. “When they get Finally, we need to stop seeing addiction as a out, they will probably go right back to moral failing and start treating it as the chronic what they were doing, is my guess,” says illness it is, one that demands our skill, urgency and compassion. Once we stop judging, we can Lane. “That’s the problem.” But if percep- start helping. tions about addiction treatments change,

ILLUSTRATION BY ALEX FINE FOR TIME it doesn’t have to be. □ Murthy is the Surgeon General of the U.S. 53 HEALTH CARE

WHEN POLITICIANS DECRIED the drug company Mylan’s decision to increase the price of an EpiPen by 500% in less than six years, their indignation rang 4 ways to familiar. After all, Congress had just wrapped up a series of hearings examining Valeant Pharmaceuticals’ decision to raise the price of a single vial of its heart shoot down medication Isuprel from $180 to $1,472. A few months earlier, Turing Pharmaceuticals CEO Martin Shkreli had been deemed the “most hated man in America” after increasing the price of the anti- skyrocketing parasitic drug Daraprim by 5,000% in one month, from $13.50 per pill to $750. Shkreli showed little remorse for the hike and smirked his way through drug prices congressional testimony in February. No wonder 3 in 4 Americans believe that drug companies put BY HALEY SWEETLAND EDWARDS proit before people, according to a recent Kaiser Family Foundation poll. The cycle of outrage turns reliably: a drug com- pany jacks up the price of medication, the public reb- els, politicians line up to excoriate the drugmakers’ CEOs, and pharma executives, in turn, promise it will never happen again.

54 TIME October 24, 2016 Until it does. In 2015 drugmakers increased brand-name drug prices in the U.S. by an average of 16.2%, nearly 10 times the average inlation rate, ac- cording to Express Scripts’ Prescription Price Index. Spending on prescriptions rose by 12.6% in 2014, (the latest year for which data are available), accord- ing to federal health oicials, and it is expected to rise by an additional 7.3% every year through 2018. The THE HIGH MIDDLE GROUND drug industry, meanwhile, remains among the most ON SOCIAL SECURITY lucrative, with annual proit margins of nearly 20%. An end to this cycle remains elusive. The pharma- BY FRANK LUNTZ ceutical industry does not operate according to normal market rules: consumers neither shop for nor We sometimes forget that America’s character has been pay for a cancer drug in the same way they purchase forged by calamitous conict. Subjects against kings. a sweater or a smartphone. Changing that will likely Southerners vs. Northerners. Blue and red. Our most challenging moments—and some of our most regrettable require fundamentally rethinking the economics of ones—have united us as a people and propelled America the pharmaceutical market, either by limiting how toward a renewed commitment to progress. drugmakers turn a proit or by changing how patients While the narrative of this mad, bad campaign swings access drugs. Here’s a look at four potential solutions from border walls to locker rooms, serious issues like that policy wonks across the ideological spectrum Social Security have been ung into the too-hard-to-tackle basket. Whether you are paying into it or receiving it, it’s an have put forward. issue that impacts just about everyone, so why is nobody talking about it? CREATE A FEDERAL I recently convened a focus group of undecided voters in Virginia on behalf of AARP, a group that supports quick 1 WATCHDOG COMMITTEE action to shore up Social Security. The program matters to these voters—they know it’s in trouble. We tested clip Hillary Clinton rolled out a plan in after clip of each candidate’s sound bites, and it became early September that would create a team of federal painfully clear to the focus group that neither candidate oicials tasked with monitoring drug-price hikes. is offering a real plan with meaningful substance. Then If the group determined that a certain hike was I asked the undecided voters to “dial test” me. I took the excessive, it would have the power to intervene best the Republicans have to offer (raising the retirement age for those under 50) and the best the Democrats have directly by imposing penalties on the ofending drug to offer (increasing the payroll-tax cap so that the wealthiest company or funding competitors’ eforts to create workers pay a little more). I coupled this with a bipartisan rival products at lower prices. The plan borrows from commitment to prevent Congress from raiding the Social a slew of state-based bills, many of which require Security Trust Fund. The result? Applause. drugmakers to justify price increases by providing The lesson? If we’re to solve massive challenges like Social Security, we need to rediscover an approach that hard data about research-and-development costs or prioritizes meaningful progress over ideological rigidity and a drug’s performance in human trials. “Consumers marching orders, and do it fast. need to know what they’re paying for—why a drug So how does a politician survive the third rail of Social costs what it does,” says John Rother, who leads the Security? The focus groups offer four essential principles: National Coalition on Health Care, a nonproit group 1) Today’s recipients should not be impacted. They paid into the system and deserve to beneit from it. aimed at lowering drug prices that has endorsed 2) It must be an all-in approach. All Americans—young STRATION BY ALEX FINE FOR TIME national drug-pricing-transparency legislation. and old, rich and poor—have to give a little in order to gain a lot for their retirement future. The very deinition of Social ALLOW AMERICANS Security is an insurance policy for all of society. 3) The solution must be permanent. Americans don’t 2 TO IMPORT DRUGS want to make changes now only to make even more changes later. Both Clinton and Donald Trump, as well 4) It must be bipartisan. That sentiment needs to be as a growing number of state and federal lawmakers, honed and harnessed. Consider how a joint commitment have backed the idea of allowing Americans to im- to genuinely reforming Social Security,ixing Medicare or port drugs from abroad, so long as they meet Food addressing any number of serious issues would instantly change the mood and outlook of the American electorate. and Drug Administration standards. “In a lot of these Even if just one candidate took the political risk, the change cases, you have the same drug available at a Canadian would be palpable. It is high time in this low season to infuse pharmacy for a fraction of the cost,” Republican Sen- a little more substance into a destructive and depressing ator Susan Collins of Maine told TIME. The pharma- race—not just because it is the right thing to do, but because ceutical industry opposes the idea on the grounds it might be a deciding factor in November. Imagine that—an election outcome actually determined by the issues. that it could increase the risk of Americans’ taking counterfeit medications and undercut drugmakers’ Luntz is a Republican news analyst and pollster for

OPPOSITE PAGE: ILLUSTRATION BY HARRY CAMPBELL FOR TIME; THIS PAGE: ILLU ability to spend on developing new cures. CBS and Fox 55 REFORM THE 3 PATENT PROCESS Pharmaceutical patents are supposed to reward drug companies for doing something good—namely, for investing tens of millions of dollars in potentially risky R&D to come up with new medications. Patents allow companies to recoup their investment by selling new drugs competition-free— and therefore at higher prices—for a number of years. But this model is increasingly under scrutiny, in part because many people believe drug companies are gaming the system. Instead of focusing on developing new cures, they are spending millions tweaking the way existing drugs are administered or changing their inactive ingredients. Those moves have the efect of extending a drug’s patent and upping the amount of time it can be sold at monopoly prices, but they don’t necessarily help consumers. Many major drug companies also spend more on marketing, advertising and executive pay than on R&D. One potential ix: changing how patents are ad- ministered so that the government rewards com- panies with patent protections only when they can demonstrate that they’ve invested in developing or improving a drug with high therapeutic value. Many drug companies spend more on marketing than OBAMACARE researching new cures Obamacare: HELP REGULATORS 4 FAST-TRACK GENERICS In need of When there is no alternative for a drug, patients and insurance companies have no choice intensive care, or but to pay whatever price a drugmaker sets. That dynamic, says Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, creates “market failures and a terminally ill? recipe for disaster.” To ix the problem, lawmakers BY HALEY SWEETLAND EDWARDS in 2012 allowed the FDA to collect fees from generic- drug manufacturers to expedite the approval of new drugs. FDA oicials say that efort is beginning to pay IN A PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE conspicuously devoid of. Earlier this year the agency reported that it had of substantive policy or civil agreement, there was collected $1.5 billion in fees, hired 1,000 additional one notable exception. By the end of the town-hall employees and was making headway on the backlog showdown on Oct. 9, it was clear both Donald Trump of roughly 4,000 generic medications. But with and Hillary Clinton agreed that President Obama’s thousands of new applications pouring in every year, signature health care law, the Afordable Care Act, the process is much slower than many advocates is lawed. Their subsequent scule was not over would like. In the meantime, any company selling a whether the law is broken; it was over whether it’s drug with no competitor can, and does, charge pretty too broken to be ixed. much whatever it wants. □ Trump, following the dog-eared Republican play-

56 TIME October 24, 2016 The reasons for Obamacare’s struc- tural problems are not contested. This year, premiums for the most common in- dividual plans are expected to increase by as much as 27%, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. The average deduct- ible in 2016 was nearly $6,000. The public exchanges were supposed to work by forcing everyone to get cover- age, subsidizing those with low incomes SOLVING and compelling insurance companies to HEALTHCARE extend coverage to anyone who asked for REMAINS it. But the subsidies were too small, leav- ing many lower-middle-class Americans DIVISIVE with unafordable premiums and narrow PRESCRIPTION coverage, and the penalty for not buying PAIN insurance in the irst place was not nearly draconian enough. As a result, roughly 28.5 million Americans, many of whom 77% are young and healthy, are still without Percentage of insurance. This has distorted the public people who say marketplace, which is now dominated by prescription- drug costs are poorer and sicker customers, who are the unreasonable most expensive to cover—leading insur- ers like UnitedHealthcare and Aetna to OBAMACARE’S lee. Some policy experts estimate that, UNPOPULARITY by 2020, one-third of the exchanges will have just one insurer in them. 47% Clinton has said she would address Percentage of these issues by keeping costs in check. Americans who view book, made the case for its terminal fail- She has advocated for capping families’ it unfavorably; 44% ings. “Obamacare is a disaster. You know out-of-pocket premium costs at 8.5% had a positive opinion it. We all know it,” he said, adding that of income and backed a refundable tax of Obamacare in it must be repealed and replaced with credit of up to $5,000 per family for any September “something that works.” costs that exceed that limit. She has also PARTY Clinton struck a more nuanced note. promised to increase federal support for POLITICS The law, she acknowledged, was not what states that expand Medicaid by covering she would have created if beginning from the full costs of newly eligible enrollees 78% scratch today. But if we repeal it out- for three years and to lower the age right, she went on, we risk doing more eligibility for Medicare from 65 to 55. Percentage harm than good. Thanks to its provisions, Her plan would cost somewhere in the of Democrats who approved 20 million more Americans now have neighborhood of $300 billion over 10 of Obamacare, health insurance, a record 90% of the years, according to the Committee for a compared with just country is covered, and those with pre- Responsible Federal Budget—a sum her 9% of Republicans, existing conditions get treated equally campaign says it would pay for largely as of this April; by insurers. According to a recent study, with tax increases on the wealthy. Independents weighed in at 39% Americans in states that expanded Med- Of course, any change to Obamacare approval icaid under Obamacare are now, on aver- would require that Congress get on board. SOURCES: KAISER FAMILY age, less likely to have medical debt and So in the end, the fate of the law will likely FOUNDATION; PEW more likely to receive preventive services come down to the next President’s ability that lower costs in the long run. to cut a bipartisan deal. □

Some 28.5 million Americans are still opting out of health insurance, a portion of whom

ILLUSTRATION BY HARRY CAMPBELL FOR TIME say it’s because they can’t aord it

57 HEALTH CARE

WHEN THE MOSQUITO-BORNE Zika virus began burning A grounds- How Zika through Latin America early this keeper in Miami year, the women of the region spreads a were left with a choice that was pesticide to kill no choice. Zika infections in potentially could Zika-carrying pregnancy can result in children mosquitoes born with a neurological defect called microcephaly, which causes severe brain change the damage and dooms some babies born with it to die in their irst year. Abortion is either illegal or severely restricted in nearly all Latin American countries— politics of according to the Guttmacher Institute, fewer than 3% of women in Latin America and the Caribbean have broad legal access to abortion. That means most infected pregnant women have little choice— abortion legally—but to bring their pregnancies to term. There was evidence that many Latin American BY BRYAN WALSH women, fearful of Zika, would have wanted to explore the option of abortion if they could. Recent research published in the New England Journal of

58 TIME October 24, 2016 Medicine found an up to 108% increase in requests for a pregnancy is. A recent Harvard-STAT abortifacient medication in Zika-afected countries poll found that only 23% of Americans where abortion is restricted, via a nonproit that tries believed a woman should have access to to provide access to the drugs even in the face of legal an abortion after 24 weeks. restrictions. Still, there have been more than 2,000 But as the threat of Zika in the U.S. conirmed Zika-related cases of microcephaly—and hits home, those hard lines have begun to probably more—in Latin America. soften. That same poll found that support When it became clear that Zika was making its for abortion access after 24 weeks more way into Southern U.S. states like Florida, there than doubled, to 59%, if a woman is told were fears that the U.S. could see a similar wave her baby has a serious risk of microceph- of microcephalic births. The diference is that, aly. And while support was higher among in theory, U.S. women have access to legal and Democrats, 48% of Republicans surveyed safe abortion. Yet in those states that are the most were also in favor of access. vulnerable to Zika—including Texas, Florida, It wouldn’t be the irst time that THE MIXED FEELINGS ABOUT One poll found that support for abortion ABORTION access after 24 weeks more than doubled if LEGAL, a woman learned her baby was at risk of ILLEGAL having microcephaly 56% Percentage of Americans who say abortion should be Mississippi and Louisiana—access to abortion has fear of birth defects altered American legal in all or most been repeatedly cut back, and even banned later in attitudes on abortion. Like Zika, rubella cases. Forty-one pregnancy. Since microcephaly is rarely identiied is mostly harmless for adults but can percent think it in the irst trimester, those restrictions have made cause severe birth defects when pregnant should be illegal in all Zika one more battleground in the decades-long war women are infected. A major outbreak of or most cases. over abortion in the U.S.—a war whose outcome will the disease in the mid-1960s led to 2,000 AGE MATTERS depend in part on whether Donald Trump or Hillary newborn deaths and 20,000 babies born Clinton appoints the next Supreme Court Justice. with congenital rubella syndrome, which can cause deafness, brain defects, heart 62% THE CALENDAR MATTERS when it comes to both problems and more. The awareness Percentage of Zika and abortion. Although women can be tested of that risk—and the willingness of adults under age 30 early in pregnancy for the Zika virus, which is often middle-class women to talk in the who think abortion should be legal in asymptomatic, doctors have no way of knowing for media about their decision to terminate all or most cases. sure that a Zika infection will lead to birth defects pregnancy rather than risk fatal birth That percentage until the fetus has developed to about 20 weeks, defects—helped push abortion into the decreases with age; when ultrasound exams can begin to pick up on mainstream a decade before Roe v. Wade. 57% of those in their the telltale sign of microcephaly: an unusually It’s still too early to know whether 30s or 40s agree, and only 52% of those small head. The dilemma for American women is Zika will produce similar changes around over 65 say the same. that taking steps to end the pregnancy at that point the politics of abortion in the U.S., since SOURCE: PEW would be considered a late-term abortion, which 15 only a small number of U.S. women have states have outlawed. so far contracted the virus. And while That leaves pregnant women in those states with a Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump are near impossible choice should they contract or even as opposed on abortion as they are on suspect they have contracted Zika: they either abort most subjects—Clinton is against federal the fetus earlier in their pregnancy, while it is legal eforts to ban abortions after 20 weeks, but before they have evidence of microcephaly, or while Trump has said he would support roll the dice and hope for the best. repealing Roe altogether—neither If antiabortion activists have their way, those candidate was asked about the issue in late-term restrictions will eventually extend to all 50 the irst two debates. Perhaps the early states. On the surface, that’s a policy change that most lesson of Zika, in Latin America and the Americans would support. Polls have consistently U.S., is that feelings about abortion are shown that while a majority of Americans support much more conditional—and personal— the right to an abortion during the irst trimester, than advocates on either side realize or

GASTON DE CARDENAS—MIAMI HERALD/GETTY IMAGES HERALD/GETTY CARDENAS—MIAMI DE GASTON that support drops precipitously the further along want to admit. □ 59 POLICE AND RACE

Do you see me? BY JOHN LEGEND

WE’RE LIVING IN A MOMENT when the challenges through politics and policy. We have to facing black folks are becoming more visible. Thanks desegregate our schools. We must reduce to cell phones and social media, the entire nation unnecessary sentences and elect prosecu- can now see for itself what black folks have been tors who represent the true needs of their talking about for years—the pain of injustice, the communities. We need progressive hous- consequences of negative stereotypes. ing policies. We need to reckon with our These issues are critical to us, to our families and past and repair the damage. communities. But no black person wants to be seen But we also need a change of heart. It’s merely as a problem to be solved. It’s a conundrum. hard for me to understand how anyone I wasn’t even sure I wanted to agree to write this can still be racist or assume inferiority column. You want to raise these issues; you don’t and skin color are tied together. There are want to be synonymous with them. But silence too many examples of black excellence, doesn’t ix anything. And there’s plenty to ix. including the current inhabitants of the Obviously, I’m very fortunate, but the average White House. There, you will see stellar TIME FOR FINE ALEX BY ILLUSTRATION IMAGES; RHEW—AFP/GETTY ADAM ABOVE: black person still faces what you might call a “black examples of family values, the power of tax” at every turn. When police are more likely to pull education, intelligence and grace under us over, or pull the trigger. When our résumés get all sorts of adverse conditions. turned away. When we are turned away from a mort- Part of my job is to tell stories and to gage or an Airbnb rental. When we get paid less for empower diverse storytellers, to spread doing the same work. Scientiic research proves that love and light. Art has the power to build if you know someone is black, you treat them worse. connection and empathy. We need to see Too many of our communities are still battling the each other in all of our humanity. You can’t legacy of housing segregation. You see it in the wealth love your neighbor across the street or Police gather gap and the persistent problems of those living in across town if you’re constantly in fear of around poverty. These neighborhoods were created through confronting the unknown. Hopefully all of protesters after discriminatory policies and almost always sufer us will learn to open our eyes, empathize the fatal police shooting of problems with crime, conlicts with the police and and join together. Keith Scott in a lack of quality schools and other resources. Charlotte, N.C., So how do we ix it? There has been genuine Legend is a singer-songwriter and an in September progress, and there will be more. Some of it will be executive producer of Underground

60 TIME October 24, 2016 POLICING

the military. Recruits once snapped to Restoring attention when they encountered a staf member. Now they are required to make eye contact and initiate conversation. order to the The changes are an attempt to drasti- cally alter the way police approach their rule of law jobs. To Rahr, one of the most critical things a cop needs to know is how to de- BY JOSH SANBURN/BURIEN, WASH. escalate a situation without using lethal force. She believes most situations can be defused if oicers know how to commu- IT’S JUST AFTER 8 A.M. inside a drab nicate properly and stay calm. second-loor classroom two miles from “When I talk about the term guardian, the Seattle airport, and Rex Caldwell is I’m talking about a mind-set and a trying to get two dozen cops to talk about perspective and a philosophy,” Rahr says their feelings. “This is not meant to be from her oice in late September, a Seattle touchy-feely,” he insists, a plea for them to Seahawks cofee mug in hand. “When I’m let their guard down and open up. If they talking about a warrior, I’m talking about can share what keeps them awake at night, a skill set and a toughness and a tenacity. what they think about when they’re on pa- Oicers still have to have that, but that trol, it could help save their lives, he says, shouldn’t be their controlling philosophy maybe even the lives of others. Emotional about how they approach their jobs.” OPINIONS ON control, he tells them, can be just as im- The way cops do those jobs is of par- portant for a cop as physical dominance. ticular concern right now. For yet another POLICE DIVERGE Slowly, they buy in. Caldwell, a retired year, a series of fatal shootings of black BY RACE police chief and manager at the Washing- men at the hands of police has sparked ton State criminal-justice training com- outrage in cities across the nation. At least PERCEPTION mission, asks them to share the depleting 751 people have been shot and killed by OF FAIRNESS emotions they feel on a daily basis. Rage, law enforcement in 2016, according to one says. Fear, ofers another. The whole numbers compiled by the Washington 50% group commiserates over anxiety about Post. A quarter of the victims were African of white people think being sued if something goes wrong in the American, and a similar percentage were African Americans line of duty. By the time Caldwell leads a considered mentally ill. After these inci- are treated less fairly mindfulness-inspired breathing exercise dents and eforts by the Black Lives Mat- in interactions with called 16 Seconds to Clarity, it seems it- ter movement to draw attention to what the police, while 84% of black people ting. “This reminds us of why we’re doing its supporters say are decades of racial dis- believe they are the job,” says Elmer Brown, a Bothell, crimination by police, the public’s faith in treated less fairly Wash., police sergeant taking the course. law enforcement has dwindled. Just 56% Since 2012, when a former sherif of Americans say they have conidence in USE OF FORCE named Sue Rahr was put in charge of the police, according to Gallup, one of the the state’s police academy, every new lowest marks in more than two decades. 75% recruit and a number of current oicers Morale among law-enforcement rank and of whites say police have undergone training designed to turn ile, meanwhile, has plummeted, a fu- use “the right amount them into “guardians” of the community nereal national moment coming in July of force for each rather than “warriors” who see the beat when a sniper killed ive oicers in Dallas. situation,” vs. 33% as a battleield. Rahr ditched the lobby All of this has pushed race and crimi- of African-American display case stufed with nightsticks and nal justice, issues that until recently had respondents handcufs and replaced it with a mural been afterthoughts on the national stage, SOURCE: PEW featuring the preamble and Article I of to the fore of the presidential race. And the Constitution. Gone too are the posters in a campaign pitting two vastly diferent warning of threats facing oicers, as well candidates, the gulf between Hillary Clin- as the “Yes, sir!” culture borrowed from ton and Donald Trump is rarely as wide as 61 it is when they talk about crime and policing. They draw two starkly diferent portraits: one America is overrun with violence and race riots; the other is plagued by distrust between black communities and biased oicers. Trump has painted the country in Nixonian hues, pledging to bring back ironisted “law and order” and calling for greater use of the controversial policing practice called stop-and-frisk, which a federal judge found unconstitutional in New York City because it disproportionately targeted Af- rican Americans. Clinton, meanwhile, has sounded a more conciliatory note, backing Black Lives Matter activists, calling for greater accountability and pro- posing to spend $1 billion on programs addressing implicit bias within law enforcement. “We have to retrain our police oicers,” she said in April. What is clear is that one of the few ways to even start turning around an institution as large, important and change-averse as U.S. law enforcement is to begin at the beginning, in the academy. “We should take advantage of what we’re learning to make our training more efective,” Rahr says. “The irony of all this is the changes I’ve made really get us military gear to do it. As a result, the nation’s po- back to what policing was originally intended to be.” lice academies spend the largest percentage of their time on use-of-force training and the least on de- A former sheriff, EVERY FEW WEEKS, a new class of recruits begins escalation and conlict mediation. Roughly 168 hours Rahr has turned training among the pines and irs of Burien. Rahr are spent on uses of force, most of which focus on Washington State’s police speaks to each group while handing out copies of the physical skills, compared with nine on conlict me- academy into a Constitution, often joking that she knows she looks diation, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. place that trains more like a real estate agent than a sherif. “If I saw To some experts, there is a straight line between recruits to be someone who looked like me on the street,” she says, this disparity and high-proile examples of fatal “guardians” by “I would not assume that she was a cop with three encounters like the shooting of Philando Castile emphasizing conlict decades of experience.” near St. Paul, Minn., on July 6, which set of days of resolution, Rahr has bright blond hair and a sunny disposi- occasionally violent protests in the Twin Cities. Had respect and tion and likes to say she’s always been “on the edge of oicers been trained to rely more on de-escalation, emotional inside”—part of the profession but always a bit of an the thinking goes, there might never have been a need well-being outsider. She joined the King County sherif’s oice to ire a shot. in 1979 at age 22 as one of a handful of female cops, “There’s been this notion for decades that we’re initially signing up to save money for law school. But in a war on crime,” says Charles Ramsey, who served Rahr quickly found that she enjoyed the work, recall- as the top cop in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia ALE BY ILLUSTRATION PAGE: OPPOSITE TIME; FOR MIKSYS ANDREW ABOVE: ing an incident early in her career when she subdued before stepping down last year. “Us against them, a large drunk man who had punched her in the head good guys vs. bad guys. That approach occasionally by pulling his hair and kicking him in the groin. She has merits. But neighborhoods have become safer, says an oicer who arrived on the scene found her yet the same aggressive tactics are being used.” with a smile on her face and blood dripping from her hands. “He said, ‘I knew in that moment you were RAHR HAS LONG BEEN A PROPONENT of a diferent never going to be a lawyer,’” Rahr says. approach. After being elected sherif of Seattle’s Rahr came of age as a cop at a time of rising urban home county in 2005, she developed what she crime rates, the crack epidemic and the federal gov- ernment’s war on drugs. Police saw themselves as the front line in that ight, and their training empha- sized an adversarial approach, says Seth Stoughton, ‘Most people can be de-escalated. a former Tallahassee, Fla., police oicer and expert Not all of them, but unless you in police training at the University of South Carolina School of Law. Police and researchers say a warrior give them the opportunity, TIME FOR X FINE mentality was often reinforced after the 9/11 attacks, when local law enforcement was asked to guard the you’re not going to know.’ homeland like soldiers and was equipped with the —SUE RAHR, executive director, Washington State police academy

62 TIME October 24, 2016 calls the LEED model—listen and explain with equity and dignity—based on the idea that people are more likely to cooperate with police if they believe they’re being treated fairly. At the police academy, she has taken it statewide. In addition to scrapping the military trappings, Rahr instituted crisis-intervention training to help recruits identify and locate treatment for mentally ill suspects rather than throw them in jail. Breathing exercises 4 STEPS FORTHE NEXT PRESIDENT and “emotional intelligence” courses designed to help oicers handle their high-stress jobs became BY OPAL TOMETI routine. And the mock scenarios that once ended with force are now designed so that recruits can Racism should be a core concern for all Americans, in every resolve them through nonlethal means. area of our lives. Implicit bias—our subconscious associations “The message is not everything ends in an arrest,” of race—permeates everything that we do. And we must pursue systemic accountability to ix it. The next President Rahr says. “Most people can be de-escalated. Not all must apply the lens of race to all core issues, including health of them, but unless you give them the opportunity, care, immigration, jobs, criminal justice, climate change and you’re not going to know.” education, and create a Cabinet-level position dedicated to At the same time, Rahr increased the hours of racial equality and justice. training in defensive tactics and irearms in the More immediately, however, we must address the problems with race and policing. The killing of unarmed black people is belief that the greater that oicers’ conidence is the most egregious example of the dehumanization of black in their skills, the less likely they are to use verbal lives in the U.S., which has left too many black people devalued, intimidation. “Failure to comply does not necessarily disregarded and disposable. Here are four main steps the next indicate resistance,” Rahr says. “There is a very valid President must take to address this. school of thought that says if somebody doesn’t First, we must defund police departments that have shown problems with racism. Police cannot be allowed to continue comply, then you need to go to force immediately. aggressive, violent and often unconstitutional policing with And I just disagree with that.” impunity. In 2017 the federal government will give approxi- Plenty of cops difer with Rahr’s approach. “I mately $4.2 billion to local police departments. The President really don’t like the fact that people around the has control of $1.6 billion of those funds through the awarding nation think this is the end-all, be-all,” says Spokane of a discretionary grant program and must use it to make a statement about our commitment to fair policing practices. County sherif Ozzie Knezovich. “It’s a myth.” Second, we must enforce provisions of the Department Knezovich says that 20% of his recruits fail ield of Defense’s 1033 program, which transfers surplus military training after graduating from the state academy equipment to police departments. Despite President Obama’s and that too many of them are hesitant to use 2015 Executive Order limiting this process, the value of force when needed because they’re worried about distributed equipment has increased, totaling $494 million so far in 2016. Not only is the use of military equipment potential lawsuits. unnecessary, it also sends a message to communities that Police unions have also been hesitant to fully local police are at war with black and brown people. Military- embrace Rahr’s approach. “I think overreliance on grade equipment has been used across the country to violently techniques that make the oicer vulnerable to attack quell peaceful protests and has resulted in a move toward do put the oicer in greater harm’s way,” says Jim aggressive policing practices like SWAT raids, of which there was a 1,566% increase from 1980 to 2014. Pasco, executive director of the Fraternal Order of Third, we must investigate prosecutors. A study by the Police, the nation’s largest police union, which has Guardian found that police killed 1,134 civilians in the U.S. endorsed Trump’s candidacy. in 2015, yet prosecutors charged oficers with crimes in By Election Day, no matter who wins, 100 more only 18 of the cases, and those numbers do not account for recruits will have graduated from the academy in extralegal killings and daily incidents of brutality. The lack of accountability at all levels of government perpetuates Burien, making their way through the auditorium’s the problem. Across the country, local prosecutors lock up red-carpeted pews and onto a stage that was once a members of black and brown communities at alarming rates sanctuary for a megachurch. Instead of Scripture, the for low-level, often nonviolent offenses but too often refuse newly minted cops will be surrounded by quotes from to hold accountable the police oficers who are involved in Plato on the core character of a republic. the killing, harassing and abuse of those black and brown communities. Prosecutorial inaction perpetuates police “It’s a little bit ironic that this used to be a church,” violence and supports the current culture of impunity. Rahr says. “It’s much easier to get the oicers in the Finally, we must create a committee to address the long- frame of mind of ‘I’m serving a higher purpose’ here.” standing discrimination against black people in America. It’s the kind of message law enforcement may need The President should issue an Executive Order to establish a now more than ever. But there’s only so much Rahr reparatory-justice commission that will examine the lasting legacy of slavery, Jim Crow and mass criminalization. and the academy can do before Washington’s newest police oicers are out on patrol, trying to guard their Tometi is a co-founder of the #BlackLivesMatter Network and communities––and themselves. □ the executive director of Black Alliance for Just Immigration 63 GUNS

Recent mass shootings have renewed the debate over gun One nation, up in arms rights. And every day Americans are killed by accidental BY EMILY BARONE gunshots or by weapons that fell into the wrong hands. Here’s a look at gun ownership and gun deaths in the U.S.

There were GUN LAWS are most stringent in California U.S. GUN OWNERS and in the Northeast. States are ranked here Background checks, an indicator on the restrictiveness of their gun laws. of sales, have been ticking up ... 310 Background checks 9 23 MILLION MILLION MILLION irearms in the U.S. 2000 2015 as of 2009 Gun- control laws much faster than gun-owning households, CALIF. suggesting that owners are stocking up Most LESS RESTRICTIVE 114 million restrictive Gun-owning Handguns households 39% 41% ARIZ. 2000 2015 Weakest MORE RESTRICTIVE Firearms were responsible GUN VIOLENCE for 71% of GUN OWNERSHIP is higher where gun laws are all murders While gun sales are ticking up, the last year looser.About half of owners say they own guns for U.S. homicide rate is trending down protection, followed by hunting (32%). 10

DEL. 5% 8 4.9 86 million HOMICIDES 6 PER 100,000 Shotguns PEOPLE

Households 4 owning a firearm 2 FEWER 5% 0 1990 2000 2015

Still, more people die from guns than 110 million ALASKA 62% 62% MORE from car accidents. In 2016 there have Riles been 1,622 accidental shootings, and 515 children have been shot GUN-RELATED DEATHS are more prevalent in the Southern states. More than 60% are suicides, while about a third are homicides. REFORM PROPOSALS TRUMP, CLINTON: DREW ANGERER—GETTY IMAGES ANGERER—GETTY DREW CLINTON: TRUMP,

Gun death rate PER 100,000 Donald Trump Hillary Clinton PEOPLE calls for supports a ban on LOWER concealed-carry assault weapons NOTE: THE BRADY CAMPAIGN’S 3% STATE RANKING EVALUATES EACH permits in all and the expansion STATE ON 33 GUN POLICIES, 50 states; he of background GUN DEATH RATE AND CRIME-GUN supports stricter checks to mental- EXPORT RATE. HAWAII LA. 19% SOURCES: CRS; BRADY CAMPAIGN TO 19% sentences for health outpatients PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE; BMJ; CDC; 3% HIGHER DOJ; PEW RESEARCH CENTER; FBI; felons caught with and domestic GALLUP; GUNVIOLENCEARCHIVE.ORG irearms abusers

64 TIME October 24, 2016 SPEECH SNIFFING OUT DOGWHISTLES Even when people want to use neutral language, it can be hard to ind ground that feels fair to all sides. One of the most powerful arbiters of phrasing, the AP Stylebook, has recommended avoiding many How political loaded phrases over the years, and other major media outlets often follow that advice. —K.S. language got PRO-LIFE/PRO-CHOICE so coded BY KATY STEINMETZ HOMO- DURING THE VICE-PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE on SEXUAL Oct. 4, as Democrat Tim Kaine and Republican Mike Pence tussled over immigration plans, one of the can- didates said the words criminal aliens seven times. ISLAMOPHOBIA The other described immigrants who had come to the U.S. illegally as “people ... who are here without UNDOCUMENTED/ documents.” Can you guess who said which? ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT Sure. Political language is packed with code words, sometimes known as dog whistles. “The idea,” says sociolinguist Ben Zimmer, “is it’s speaking to a SKEPTIC/ particular audience that’s supposed to pick up on a frequency that others won’t hear.” Often these terms say not much on the surface, but underneath attempt real DENIER to speak to the issue at stake. When Pence hammers on about “criminal aliens,” 2000 the immigration debate is about safety. When Kaine The AP recommends chucking the terms pro-life and pro-choice, terms charged by their avoids uttering “illegal,” the debate is about human- respective sides in the debate, in favor of the more ity (aren’t we a welcoming nation of immigrants?). direct anti-abortion and pro–abortion rights. Earlier this year, Republicans quickly called the Or- lando attack an act of “Islamic terrorism” (a national- 2006 The AP identiies gay as a preferred term. security issue), while many Democrats called it a Homosexual, a word popularized by psychologists in a time when being gay was seen as a disease, can “mass shooting” (a gun issue). When Donald Trump have derogatory clinical connotations. emphasizes “law and order,” as Richard Nixon did in 1968, that plays on anxieties about race relations 2012 The AP adds an entry for the sufix -phobia, for some voters. Hillary Clinton’s 1996 comment saying it’s not appropriate for social or political about gangs of kids being “superpredators” has been contexts. Words like Islamophobia can suggest that someone has an irrational fear that qualiies as a viewed as a slight to the black community. mental illness. In general, the Stylebook tries to Earlier this year, a group of economists analyzed eschew labels in favor of details. congressional records and found that from 1870 to 1990, the odds of correctly identifying a politician’s 2013 The phrases illegal immigrant and party by language was 50-50. By 2010, the odds were undocumented immigrant both go by the wayside. The AP reasons that no person should be labeled 83%. The turning point was 1994, says Stanford’s “illegal,” even if their actions might be, and inds Matthew Gentzkow, which brought the Republicans’ “undocumented” too imprecise. They recommend Contract With America and the rise of strategists like describing the person’s situation. Frank Luntz, who set the bar by rebranding estate 2015 taxes as death taxes. (You can read Luntz elsewhere in The entry for global warming directs reporters not to use the words skeptic or denier. Scientists say this package.) Changes in technology meant that vir- true skeptics are involved in inquiry and research, tually anything a politician said on the Capitol loor while denier has connotations of denying tragedies could be recorded, so messaging had to be consistent. like the Holocaust. The AP recommends phrases like Says Gentzkow: “There was this innovation in using climate-change doubters. language very strategically and very deliberately.” 65 IMMIGRATION

Crossing The number of undocumented immigrants has declined during the past decade, and Barack Obama has deported more people than any other the border BY EMILY BARONE President in U.S. history. You wouldn’t guess either fact from the 2016

1. There are 11.1 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S., down 2. Each year, about 500,000 from a peak of 12.2 million in 2007.The drop is due in part to fewer undocumented immigrants return COMING job opportunities during the recession and tighter border control. GOING home on their own, get permanent residence, are deported or die.

TOTAL FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION: 43.6 MILLION

Undocumented HOW immigrants UNDOCUMENTED Time it would take at the current 25.5% IMMIGRANTS 27 YEARS rate to deport all undocumented GOT TO THE U.S.: immigrants in the U.S. today Temporary lawful 40%–50% residents 4% On temporary visas or fraudulent DEPORTATIONS Lawful documents permanent 2M residents TURNED AWAY Canadians and 26.9% Mexicans who were sent back to 50% their home country at the border Illegal border REMOVED Immigrants deported Naturalized citizens crossings from the U.S., as well as non- 43.6% Canadians and non-Mexicans 1.5M apprehended at the border UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS WHO ENTERED THE U.S. EACH YEAR:

300,000–400,000 UNDER BARACK OBAMA 500,000–600,000 UNDER GEORGE W. BUSH

1M COUNTRIES OF BIRTH: CHINA 48% of Mexican immigrants, about 5.85 million, are unauthorized 325,000

Border apprehensions HONDURAS SOUTH MEXICO dropped after 9/11 and 350,000 KOREA after the 2007 recession, 5,850,000 160,000 0.5M as fewer people tried to cross into the U.S. COLOMBIA 130,000 GUATEMALA 525,000 EL SALVADOR INDIA 700,000 PHILIPPINES ECUADOR 500,000 130,000 180,000 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

$3.8B 4. The annual Border Patrol budget has increased by 12% on average $3.0B HISTORY each year since 1990

Border- enforcement $1.5B 1924 personnel have Congress establishes U.S. $1.1B doubled since Border Patrol and applies 2004, to the irst limits on the $263M $452M number of immigrants who can enter the country 21,000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

66 TIME October 24, 2016 campaign trail, where Donald Trump elevated concerns of an immigration border with Mexico, and Clinton has promised to push immigration reform crisis and Hillary Clinton courts Hispanic voters in battleground states. in her irst 100 days, with a path to citizenship for those in the country Trump has pledged to build a wall across a portion of the 2,000-mile without authorization. Neither plan is likely to pass Congress next year.

UNDOCUMENTED 3. Half of undocumented immigrants have been in CRIMINALS STAYING the U.S. for at least 13 years.That’s up from eight Since Obama took ofice years in 2003.As a result of longer stays, there is a in 2009, the U.S. has greater chance they have children born in the U.S. focused enforcement resources on deporting convicted criminals. Trump supporters and Clinton supporters have contrasting views on which policies best address illegal immigration

255,000 SUPPORTERS WHO non- 247,000 criminals non- ... say immigration is criminals a very big problem

UNAUTHORIZED- 66% TRUMP IMMIGRANT SHARE OF POPULATION: 5.0% OR MORE 3.5% TO 4.9% 17% CLINTON 2.5% TO 3.4% 1.6% TO 2.4% 168,000 1.5% OR LESS criminals ... are in favor of building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border Number of U.S.-born children in 2012 4.5 MILLION younger than 18 living with at least one undocumented-immigrant parent; this FAVOR OPPOSE population has doubled since 2000

79%TRUMP 18% 105,000 WHERE 62% criminals hold service, construction and production 10% CLINTON 88% UNDOCUMENTED jobs, twice the share of U.S.-born workers IMMIGRANTS WORK: 13% Sales, 13% Professional, ... want to prioritize stronger law ofce and enforcement and border security management, administrative business and nance support 4% Farming, shing 33% Service and forestry 78% TRUMP 19% CLINTON 8% Transportation and material moving 15% Construction 2008 2014 14% Production, installation and repair and extraction ... want to prioritize for undocumented immigrants a path to citizenship Immigration In 2006, the Bush Administration signed the Secure Fence Act. and customs Since then, the U.S. has invested billions of dollars at the southern 80% CLINTON enforcement border. Investments have included: cost $6 billion a year, about 10% of the Homeland Security budget 19% TRUMP

300 miles 353 miles Video Seismic, magnetic Manned and of vehicle of pedestrian surveillance and thermal unmanned

fencing fencing systems detection sensors aircraft SOURCES: DHS; PEW RESEARCH CENTER; CENTER FOR IMMIGRATION STUDIES; CRS; GAO

TRUMP, CLINTON: DREW ANGERER—GETTY IMAGES 67 A migrant boy peers out from his tent, covered in plastic to keep out the rain, at a makeshift camp at the northern Greek border in March

Nonetheless, over the past 15 years Americans have become thoroughly terrorized. In this, the terrorists have succeeded. They have been helped by much of the American media. “Under attack!” makes better click bait than “Lightning killed far more people this year than terrorists—again.” And the terrorists have been helped by many American politicians who use fear to sell themselves, to sell their own personal political product. Fear is potent. Fear can make it dii- cult to behave decently, to do the right thing, to take in desperate refugees. Fear REFUGEES can warp a society, change its values, transform it into something monstrous. Fear must be resisted. The most po- tent antiterrorism defense in the world costs nothing and is available to all. It is Land of the free, courage. It takes courage to jump of the high diving board into a pool. It takes cour- home of the brave age to leave the beach for the waves after watching Jaws. (As a child, I didn’t do so BY MOHSIN HAMID for weeks.) It takes courage to choose the subway seat next to the Middle Eastern–looking guy with a beard and A PAIR OF RUNAWAY SLAVES leeing the antebellum South, a backpack. And it takes courage not to arriving in Boston. A family of Jews leeing the Third Reich, condemn countless families to unimag- arriving in New York. A baby boy leeing the destruction of his inable sufering or perhaps horriic home world of Krypton, arriving in Kansas. Most Americans deaths because maybe, just maybe, know what must be done with such people. They must be one of them might want to murder taken in. Given a chance. Allowed to become an equal part of someone someday. the American story. Life isn’t perfectly safe. We’re all How many Americans today would think it right to send the going to die eventually. Something is slaves back to the plantation, the Jews back to Europe, going to get us. Courage is about liv- the infant Superman back into space? The very ing with decency in the face of idea seems abominable, absurd—un-American. that reality. Courage is TIME FOR FINE ALEX BY ILLUSTRATION GHIRDA—AP; VADIM ABOVE: Why, then, is there such an outcry over a choice. A daily, hourly accepting refugees from places like Syria? From choice. Terrorists ofer an places that have been bombed into rubble or fallen invitation to be terrorized, to under the control of psychopathic, sadistic, murdering lose perspective. It is up to each gangs? What distinguishes these refugees from the slaves, of us whether to accept that invita- from the Jews, from Kal-El? tion. And for the country of “The Star- One currently potent answer appears to be that it’s because Spangled Banner,” that choice is a partic- these refugees are Muslims. And Muslims kill Americans. So they ularly poignant one. No land can aspire must not be let in. But Americans kill Americans too. Indeed, they to be the land of the free, unless it aspires do so at more than four times the rate at which the British kill also to be the home of the brave. the British, the Indonesians kill the Indonesians and the Chinese kill the Chinese. An American’s chance of being killed by a terror- Hamid is the author of The Reluctant ist is vanishingly small. Fundamentalist and other novels

68 TIME October 24, 2016 CUBA

U.S. Brownsville tic Ocean Matamoros lan BAHAMAS At MEXICO Havana ROUTE BY PLANE CUBA ROUTE BY BUS, Mexico CAR OR OTHER City HAITI DOM. REP. BELIZE GUATEMALA JAMAICA

HONDURAS Ca Tapachula ribbean Sea EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Tegucigalpa Panama City Sandino Capurganá COSTA RICA Caracas

Paso GUYANA P VENEZUELA a Canoas Georgetown c Medellín i PANAMA ic Ocean Bogotá SURINAME FRENCH Cali GUIANA Boa COLOMBIA Vista ECUADOR Quito er Riv on Amaz Manaus Tumbes

PERU

Rio BRAZIL Branco

Lima Puerto Maldonado Cuzco The BOLIVIA THE SHORTEST ROUTE from Cuba to the U.S. is 90 miles. 8,000- But that’s across the Florida Straits, and Liset Barrios gets nervous on a boat. So on May 13, she boards Copa Airlines Flight 295, setting of the long way around—the really long way. The journey covered 8,000 miles, took 51 days and, along mile the way, illuminated an obscure byway in this historic wave of human migration. The U.N. says some 244 million people live outside their home countries, most as legal guest workers in shortcut nearby nations. About 21 million are refugees leeing war or persecution. Several million more—no one knows the precise BY KARL VICK number—make their way underground, “irregular migrants” trying to stay out of sight en route from a poor place with scant opportunities to a richer one, with more. PHOTOGRAPHS BY LISETTE POOLE

69 Liset and her neighbor Marta Amaro, who traveled with her, are in a semi- privileged subset of irregulars. Since they are Cubans presumed by U.S. law to be sufering under the yoke of communism, they would actually be welcomed in America when they arrive—provided they come by land. The problem is that none of the countries close to the U.S. allows a Cuban to enter without a visa. So it is that Liset, Marta and the photo- journalist Lisette Poole land at 1:39 p.m. in Georgetown, the capital of the tiny South American country of Guyana, the nearest country open to Cubans. Their plan is to get a hotel and scout around for a smuggler, but they don’t even have to leave the airport. While disembark- ing, another Cuban tells them he has a smuggler waiting outside. “It’s some- thing that’s already there,” Liset says, of the river of migrants the women enter at that moment. “And you have to have the luck of being there at the right moment to get into it so that everything lows.” That very night, they ride in a van 18 hours to Brazil—the more direct route toward the U.S., northwest across Venezuela, having been ruled out because the country is wildly dangerous. (The migrant river follows the path of least resistance.) They cross the border into Brazil by canoe, then make their way to Manaus, deep in the heart of the rain forest. There they board a plane to southwest Brazil, saving 22 hours overland, and hire a taxi to the border of Bolivia, a remote corner of which they cross en route to Peru. The bus over the Andes to Lima is $150. Thus far, each has spent $2,300 of the nearly $8,000 the journey will end up costing per person. Most of the way, Liset, 25, pays for Marta. The younger woman has a boyfriend in Chicago, who fell for Liset during a visit to Havana. In Cuba, tourists use a special peso worth 26 times the currency used by ordinary Cubans. By befriending male tourists with money to spend—an arrangement that often shifted from girlfriend to escort—Liset managed

Marta, right, and Liset nervously watch for the signal to run to awaiting cars after crossing the border from Guyana into Brazil on May 14

70 TIME October 24, 2016 71 Liset, left, stands on the tarmac in Guyana on May 13 after lying with Marta from their Marta rides in a van with Haitian migrants after hometown, Havana. They soon join a group of Cuban men who have a contact with a coyote on May 24. They were released after an oficer

Liset and Marta, with locals who help guide migrants, prepare to board a boat at dawn on Border-patrol oficers at a routine checkpoint June 6, traveling from Necoclí to Capurganá, in Colombia, as they close in on Panama’s border back to Metetí for more paperwork before

to live relatively well, after once living in a shipping talks their way past immigration agents. The irst bus container. Marta, 53, made $5 a day working in caf- in Ecuador is crowded with Haitians, who after the eterias, hospitals and, for a time, an asylum. Both 2010 earthquake also got a temporary dispensation women wanted a better life, and then the boyfriend to enter the U.S. There are even Bangladeshis, who ofered to bring Liset north. “Our plan was to help began their journey nearly 11,000 miles away. each other,” Marta says. They cross into Colombia on horseback, negotiate In the way of modern migrants, the women travel past a military patrol and walk up a hill to a chicken with smartphones, touching base with family when restaurant, where the next coyote—Latin American they get wi-i, which the hostel in Lima has. At dusk slang for people smuggler—is waiting. Every move REDUX that day they board a bus toward Ecuador, where Liset the migrants make is at the instruction of coyotes,

72 TIME October 24, 2016 being detained by Peruvian migration oficials Marta walks on a path with other migrants, including some from Haiti and as far away as took a liking to Liset and decided to let her go Bangladesh, while crossing the border from Ecuador into Colombia on May 26

in Agua Fría, Panama, send Liset and Marta Liset uses a mirror to apply some makeup before the inal day of hiking through the Darién Gap allowing them to continue to Panama City on June 14. The walk would take about 14 hours through jungle, with little water and no food

who text photos of the next smuggler to the migrants with the driver and a coyote. “They swap migrant so they know whom to look for at the next stop. “In stories like camp counselors,” she writes in her notes. every country, they would tell you to hide,” Liset At a motel, the travelers are grouped by nation- says, “but I think it was their way to scare you, so ality. They take a bus to Medellín, wait days, then you would feel afraid if you were out of their hands.” board an overnight bus toward Panama, tension Colombia, riven by both corruption and conlict, rising as South America narrows toward the isthmus. is notoriously diicult, yet the migrants low on. That They ride motorcycles to a boat, cross an inlet in a night, after a day in a “stash house,” Liset and Marta two-hour trip, switch to a horse and buggy and join a dozen others under the tarp of a truck loaded shower in a preschool before reaching a camp, where with potatoes. The photographer Poole rides up front they meet Cubans who were on the jet from Havana. 73 74 TIME October 24, 2016 They have run out of road. Panama begins at the Darién Gap, a dense jungle 30 miles wide and 100 miles long. They sleep in camps with guides and young men from Nepal and the Punjab, evidence it’s not just Latin Americans trying to enter the U.S. from the south. (So far this iscal year, 448 Armenians have presented themselves at crossings; the Border Patrol has caught 2,130 Chinese and 1,863 Russians.) The trek is brutal, running over steep hills called Goodbye My City and Hill of Death. “I wanted the earth to swallow me,” says Marta, who hurt her leg the irst day. “I didn’t think I was going to make it.” They travel due west, crossing the same curving river again and again. The women are separated, and Poole moves with a group of 50 others. That night the rain washes away her things. Reunited, the three end up, on the sixth day, pre- senting themselves to Panamanian of- icials, who check their ingerprints against terrorism and criminal databases then allow everyone to move on. The Central American leg feels even more chaotic. The coyote in Costa Rica has green hair and laughs as she blows past oicers. Marta leaves the group after a quarrel about money. She’ll make it to the U.S. herself, 12 days behind Liset and Poole—who enter Nicaragua on horseback, then hike another jungle trail marked by red ribbons on teak trees; people drink water from puddles and sleep standing up. They end up crowded in an SUV with only a narrow band cut in the window tinting, cross a river into Honduras on foot, then enter Guatemala the same way. Mexico is reached on a raft. The next day, Liset takes a light to Mexico City, then another to Matamoros, Texas, where she presents herself to the U.S. agents at the border. There she is given a permit. A day later, July 3, she lands at Chicago’s O’Hare airport, the be- ginning of her American journey. The boyfriend is late. □

After taking buses through Honduras and Guatemala, Liset lew from southern Mexico to Matamoros, near Brownsville, Texas. On July 2, she walks along the bridge over the Rio Grande to present herself to oficials and seek asylum 75 THE PROBLEM of skyrocketing college costs is, by at least some measures, even worse than we thought. The total amount of outstanding student debt has roughly tripled in the past decade, creeping toward $1.3 trillion, and 1 in 10 borrowers is now either delinquent in repayment or already in default. While the biggest burden disproportionately falls on low-income students, especially those attending for-proit universities, college costs have become a problem that both Republican and Democratic politicians can no longer aford to ignore. Here are two relatively novel ixes to the problem. THE DEMOCRATS’ 1 DEBT-FREE COLLEGE The idea was born with Bernie Sanders’ sweeping promise to make college free for everyone. While his plan was short on speciics for funding such a costly experiment, it was wildly popular among young voters. In July, Hillary Clinton, eager to win over Sanders’ base, embraced most of it, with a few caveats. Clinton’s version of the plan, which she calls the New College Compact, would make tuition free at all public colleges and universities for more than 80% of American families—those with annual household incomes of $85,000 or less. By 2021, the program would apply to families earning up to $125,000 per year. At community colleges, tuition would be free for all students of all income brackets immediately. In addition to making tuition free for most Americans, Clinton promises to create a marketplace in which no student will have to go into debt to pay for necessary EDUCATION expenses like room and board and books—costs that can add up to half the total price of attending a public school. While students and their families would be expected to contribute to underwrite such costs, Clinton’s plan would create incentives for colleges to keep expenses in check. Who’s So far, her campaign has not provided many nitty- gritty details on how, exactly, all this would get paid for. Top aides have estimated that the program would picking cost roughly $500 billion over 10 years, which would be underwritten largely by new taxes on the very rich and new limits on tax deductions. Clinton originally criticized Sanders’ tuition-free plan for relying up the on state governors to contribute one-third of the funding. But her plan would likely require similar state contributions, a heavy lift politically, especially education in Republican-led states. THE REPUBLICAN-BACKED tab? 2 INCOME-SHARING PLAN The idea, championed by Florida Sen- BY HALEY SWEETLAND EDWARDS ator Marco Rubio, seems at irst glance unusual: wealthy investors agree to pay for college students’

76 TIME October 24, 2016 Private investors, and not tax- payers, would take on the risk of coming up short mechanical literacy should be taken THE LITERACY OF for granted or that it is anything but fundamental. The decoding of words set educations in exchange for a set percent- LONG-FORM THINKING on page (or screen) is perhaps the most age of their future incomes—which is paid dificult widespread codiied behavior out for a certain number of years after BY JAMES PATTERSON we have taken on in the modern era. graduation. And I count myself among those who A man from ancient Rome said it was believe it’s been the most important. To But if the idea of investing in human better to know nothing about a subject my mind, reading teachers should get as assets seems odd, advocates of the plan than to half-know it. I’m worried that this much praise and respect as doctors, and argue that it’s no diferent, at least in Republic of ours is set on proving his more than most lawyers. theory, from what exists now. Under wisdom all over again. Only, we aren’t But an adult who absorbs words only the Education Department’s income- even bothering to know 50% of what’s through captions, tweets, posts, memes going on. Seems to me we’re mostly and—at best—smartphone-screen-size based repayment program, students satisied with understanding about 10% articles is not literate. Not in my book borrow a certain amount from the federal of something before we grow bored and anyhow. I’d argue—and not just for the government with the guarantee that they turn to the next thing. sake of my day job as a novelist—that can cap their future loan payments at 10% I say this based on what I know about if we’re not in the habit of reading of their discretionary income for 20 years, the most important knowledge-building books or, at least, long-form articles habit we have: reading. We’re becom- that take us the better part of an hour at which point the balance is forgiven. ing a nation of functional illiterates in the course of an entire day, we are That’s basically how Rubio’s income- scattered along the tracks, incapable fundamentally damaging our society’s sharing plan works, proponents say, only of pursuing a train of thought for more fabric, and our future. his version is better. Students who borrow than minutes at a time. We are becoming a nation of from private-sector investors would not The annual survey on time use by distracted nincompoops who don’t have the Bureau of Labor Statistics put some the patience to bother inding out if lies pay any interest at all. They would not be proof to something I think we all knew are lies and—because we have lost the responsible for a ixed principal. They was coming our way. We have let our mental capacity to do otherwise—are would, instead, simply agree to pay a standards fall so far that this year’s irst- forced to judge issues on the basis of percentage—say, 10%—of their future time voters are, on average, in the habit style and delivery rather than substance earnings each month, regardless of how of reading for personal interest less than and accuracy. 10 minutes a day. Are you upset about this election? much they made, for a ixed period of People age 75 and older read about Are you upset about the direction of this time. If a student landed a job that paid an hour a day. The habit drops off society? Then ix it. You’re a reader. You well, she would pay a larger sum each through each 10-year bracket below that know what reading does for your ability month—a boon for her investors. But until you get to people ages 35 to 44 to think things through. Get out there if she wound up unemployed or in a years old. They’re reading 12 minutes and make this your No. 1 priority. Got a on Saturdays and Sundays and less than kid? Make her read 20 minutes a day. poorly paid job, she would pay very little 10 during the week. Younger than that, it Got a neighbor who stares at his phone LEX FINE FOR TIME and investors could end up getting back only gets worse. all day? Get him a good book. Volunteer less than they spent on her education. That’s right—the majority of potential at the library. Volunteer at a school. At Regardless, the student would arrive voters are reading less than 10 minutes the very least, subscribe to a newspaper at the end of her negotiated payment a day. You scared by that? I am. or magazine that supports long-form But I’m not surprised. As a country, journalism and stop reading stuff for period scot-free, and private investors— we seem to be entirely losing the free through your screen. not taxpayers—would take on the risk of capacity for long-term thinking. I was We need to reverse this situation, coming up short. asked to write about literacy here, and and quick—before the next class of While the plan has yet to get of the I’d argue that I am. Not the literacy of less-than-10-minutes-a-dayers gets out ground nationally, it has earned plaudits being able to sound out the words above to the polls. a Facebook post. Not the literacy of I may be reading too much into the from state and local policymakers and knowing what LMAO means in a text situation, but I sense we haven’t seen prominent Republicans like New Jersey message. Not even the level of literacy anything yet. Governor Chris Christie. As of this school required to read the instructions on your year, Purdue University, which is led by College Boards. Patterson is the author of more than former Indiana governor Mitch Daniels, Before I get a bunch of educators 147 novels, which have sold a combined mad at me, I’m not saying that 300 million copies is ofering one of the irst comprehensive pilot programs to 400 rising juniors

ILLUSTRATION BY HARRY CAMPBELL FOR TIME; PATTERSON: ILLUSTRATION BY A and seniors. □ 77 ENVIRONMENT

ON THE OCCASIONAL clear-frost autumn night, my dog takes the opportunity to re- Engineered mind me that she is not a dog. Bewitched Genetically by sounds that I cannot hear and by smells modiied plants that I cannot imagine, she plants her four in agricultural products are food holds feet stolidly apart and raises her head up a safe and toward the treetops. Through her slack productive way to jaw she emanates a long, low, warbling feed the world bellow that echoes across the empty our future wood. After the last note fades, she is BY HOPE JAHREN herself again and comes tripping back to my side. I rub her head and continue hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. TIME FOR FINE ALEX BY ILLUSTRATIONS SPOHLER; HENRIK ABOVE: Yes, my best friend is a genetically modiied organism; de- liberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side. Millennia passed as the most trusting puppy was selected from the litter born of a mother who herself had been the most trusting puppy, forever changing the original pattern of genes within the DNA. Now I live with a Canis species that sees food as a gift and can’t hunt to save her life but has somehow retained the ability to howl. Our world is changing rapidly. In my 47 years of life, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine one

78 TIME October 24, 2016 might have predicted—and we have farmers, agriculturalists and genetic engineers to thank for that. Simply put, we produce many times more food per acre of land than we did in 1969, especially for staple grains. Rice yields per acre have doubled since then, and corn yields and wheat yields have more than doubled. How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encoun- tered. During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the mutant genes respon- sible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield cultivars that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new suite of high-tech tools with which to further accelerate the CLIMATECHANGE AFFECTS process of artiicial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We EVERY ISSUEVOTERS FACE can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, BY ROBERT REDFORD and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result. It is the transformative potential of these techniques to The environment rarely polls high as a concern quickly supply the next-generation crops required for impend- for the American electorate. It’s usually topped by ing climate change that led me to add my name to the Cornell health care, the economy, national security—all of Alliance for Science’s petition asserting the safety and eicacy of which are valid concerns. GMO plants in agricultural products, a stance supported by the But the largest environmental issue—climate change—is altering our voting landscape. American Society of Plant Biologists, the American Association There may be no other voting issue that touches for the Advancement of Science and the National Academies. so many voters. Are you a health care voter? The It is these groups’ consensus that early research claiming to mosquitoes that carry malaria, dengue and Zika link genetically modiied foods to cancer (speciically tumor thrive in a warmer world. Climate change is heating formation) was scientiically unsound, key examples of which our atmosphere. National-security voter? The American military and security establishment is have since been retracted. The ability of a few corporations already studying models of how climate change to own and thus control the sale and use of GMO varieties will exacerbate resource conicts around the world. remains troublesome. It could perhaps be alleviated by a Religious-values voter? The worst effects of climate policy of expiring patents on new cultivars, similar to the way change will be felt by the poor, the dispossessed, a pharmaceutical company is allowed to recoup expenditures those who most need our charity. An economy voter? Clean energy and the technologies that make made in research and development for a limited time, until the it possible are the growth industries of the future. drug becomes generically available. Or maybe you don’t vote on speciic issues. Regardless of politics, our world will continue to change Maybe you vote thinking mostly about your kids: rapidly. The U.N. issued a report that projects the global you want to make sure they can grow up in a world population will reach 9.7 billion by 2050: yet another 2.4 billion that at least resembles the one we grew up in. Then the single most powerful vote you can log in 2016 hungry mouths to feed. And this time around, we will be tilling in any election is for a leader who is adamantly and soils under rising temperatures, increased drought and shifting authentically determined to combat human-made populations of pests. The crop cultivars that we plant today climate change. are not equal to the task of feeding the new world that we are Some of the most important changes are creating. We need more GMO research. happening not at the national level but in state and local government. Our job as citizens is to support I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my the leaders at each of those levels who are making home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible irst to climate change a central part of their platform. humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as Hillary Clinton has promised to continue the our irst priority, and to do so, we must avail ourselves of our good work President Obama has done on climate, best technologies, which have always included some type of including supporting U.S. participation in the Paris climate agreement. Donald Trump has given every genetic modiication. We must continue as in millennia past, indication that he’ll stop and even reverse any nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant progress we’ve made. We should weigh their words only the very best of what we have collectively engineered. I and actions soberly. keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through Because it’s not about protecting the climate. the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she It’s about protecting life. Yours. Mine. Our kids’. Their kids’. guards my way home. Redford is an actor, a director and a trustee of the Jahren is a scientist and the author of Lab Girl, a memoir Natural Resources Defense Council 79 SUPREME COURT

The dangers of an empty seat BY DONALD VERRILLI

FOR MONTHS, Republican Senators have obstinately right to bear arms that would wipe away many gun refused to consider Chief Judge Merrick Garland’s regulations. nomination to the Supreme Court. Senator Mitch ▷ How the court evaluates a wide range of laws McConnell set this strategy in motion mere hours afecting women’s rights and health, including state after Justice Antonin Scalia’s death, when he issued legislation that undermines a woman’s right to re- a statement declaring that he would not allow the va- productive freedom, federal regulations aimed at cancy to be illed during the remainder of President ensuring equal access to contraception and mea- Obama’s term. This unprecedented obstructionism sures that provide for fair pay and protect against ILLUS GOLDSMITH: VERRILLI, TIME; FOR CAMPBELL HARRY BY ILLUSTRATION has ensured that the future of the Supreme Court is workplace discrimination. at stake on Nov. 8. As vital as those individual questions are to our As vividly conirmed by the series of tie votes nation’s future, however, something even more pro- on important issues during the court’s latest term found is on the line in this election: the public’s faith (including the Administration’s policy of providing in the Supreme Court as an institution of law and immigration-law relief to alien parents of U.S. not politics. Let’s not mince words. Senate Republi- citizens), the eight Justices now sitting on the court cans have refused to even give Garland a hearing— are locked in a state of jurisprudential and ideological let alone an up-or-down vote—because they know equipoise. So the person who ills Scalia’s seat will they cannot justify actually voting against him. He is likely cast a decisive vote on many issues that matter deeply distinguished and superbly qualiied based on most to the American people, such as: all the criteria traditionally used to assess Supreme ▷ Whether the court steps back from Citizens Court nominees, as Senator Orrin Hatch and other United and allows the government to limit the cor- Republican Senators have acknowledged. This rosive inluence of money in politics, or continues is all about counting to ive votes on the issues

to invoke the First Amendment to dismantle what that matter most to Republicans. They want the TIME FOR FINE ALEX BY TRATIONS remains of the nation’s campaign-inance laws. questions that will come before the court to be ▷ Whether the court gives cities and states the answered in a manner that advances their conser- latitude to regulate possession and use of ire- vative ideology and interests, and they believe arms to reduce the risk of tragedies like Donald Trump will nominate a person more the school shooting in Newtown, Conn., likely to do so. So they’ve shredded what or instead extends its 2008 decision (in was left of the norms that had traditionally Heller) recognizing a Second Amendment governed the Supreme Court conirmation

80 TIME October 24, 2016 process. If they pull this of, it’s hard to form of government. For tens of millions the ability to name Scalia’s successor. The see how we get back to any semblance of of Americans, Bush v. Gore was a body court will inevitably be dragged down a process that focuses on a nominee’s in- blow to their faith in the Supreme Court into the hyperpartisan muck that it has tegrity, intellect and temperament. What- as an institution devoted to the rule of law so far managed to stay above. ever they may say in the future, their ac- and not to politics. But the court is a re- If the Senate Republicans’ obstruc- tions are irrefutable proof that for them silient institution, and its reputation has tionism succeeds, they will have their the bottom line is all that matters. largely bounced back over the ensuing 16 court. But that’s what it will be: their Worse than that, it is hard to see how years—which is due in no small measure court, not the nation’s. Let’s hope it we could preserve broad public coni- to the wise stewardship of Chief Justice doesn’t come to that. dence in the independent judiciary that John Roberts. All of that is out the win- the framers of our Constitution under- dow if the Senate Republicans prevail in Verrilli was U.S. solicitor general from stood was vital to the legitimacy of our their partisan power play to hand Trump 2011 to 2016

national agreements on trade and security, past, congressional pushback has been to commit torture and other war crimes, least eficacious in war, and courts have to discriminate on the basis of race and traditionally stayed out of the matter. national identity and to suppress the Clinton’s domestic regulatory initiatives press. But it will be hard for him to carry also raise concerns. In areas ranging out these and other pledges to violate from immigration to health care to the settled law without the cooperation of environment, Obama has shown how a other institutions—beginning with his own President acting alone can change domes- Executive Branch. tic law through selective law enforcement, Even if Trump oods the upper aggressive administrative regulations and echelons of the Justice, Defense and State imaginative rearrangement of spending BEWARE THE TEMPTATIONS departments with lackeys—something authorities. Clinton has pledged to use he cannot do without Senate consent— these tactics even more aggressively. OF EVER-EXPANDING they cannot easily execute lawbreaking Whether one approves of Clinton’s presidential commands in the face of domestic regulations, and indeed whether recalcitrant bureaucrats and internal one sees them as lawful, will often depend EXECUTIVE POWERS watchdogs. Congress seems feckless now. on whether one approves of their leftward But if Trump proposes illegal initiatives tilt. As the political parties’ head-snapping BY JACK GOLDSMITH opposed by both parties, it can ight reversals in attitudes toward presidential back with its control over the purse and power during the past two presidencies The arc of a presidency is hard to predict. appointments. And the independent show, outcomes matter more than In December 2000, historian Michael judiciary, with the support of a vibrant press constitutional principle in politics. Beschloss proclaimed that the election of and civil society, has proved that it can But no matter what outcomes one George W. Bush “marks the end of what stand up to a lawless President. prefers, constitutional principle may be at the great historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Trump could still do enormous damage stake in a Clinton victory. Such a victory once called the ‘imperial presidency.’” through initiatives that are ill conceived as will also bring Supreme Court control by Then came the 9/11 attacks, and Bush’s opposed to lawless, and thus that might Democratic appointees for the irst time transformation from a modest executive not spark latent presidential checks to the in almost half a century. Clinton will also as Texas governor with no foreign policy same degree. He could use the presidency’s enjoy the support of a generally progressive experience into a prerogative-wielding vast prosecutorial discretion for political bureaucracy, and perhaps the Congress. war President. Barack Obama promised ends. He can change the arc of American If the danger with Trump is that the retrenchment but expanded presidential foreign policy through unilateral action. governmental institutions that oppose him war and administrative powers. Bush and And his temperamental and ill-informed won’t be robust enough to check him, the Obama were not the irst Presidents to statements can destroy the conidence danger with Clinton is the opposite: that defy expectations and become aggressive on which markets and international too few governmental bureaus will be moti- presidentialists once in ofice. Jefferson, cooperation depend. vated to oppose her initiatives. This may Lincoln, Eisenhower and Nixon, among And yet we should not overlook be happy news for Democrats in the short others, did the same. the dangers of the more likely Clinton term. But an unchecked presidency is one With Hillary Clinton and Donald presidency. In the face of proliferating that tends toward excess, error and abuse. Trump, by contrast, we expect robust global threats, she promises to be a presidentialism. These wolves come as hawkish, unilateral Commander in Chief. Goldsmith is a Harvard Law School professor wolves, as Justice Antonin Scalia once The dovish wings of the Democratic and a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution; said—though as different subspecies. and Republican parties may rise up he was an Assistant Attorney General in the Trump has promised to tear up inter- to check these tendencies. But in the George W. Bush Administration 81 NATIONAL IDENTITY

The ght for the meaning of America BY DAVID VON DREHLE

THE IDEA OF NATIONALISM is at least as old as Germany to the U.K.’s Brexit surprise, Genesis, where the sons of Noah divide the earth from deiant Turkey to nostalgic Japan, between them after the lood. But as the presidential inluential leaders are stoking powerful campaign has made clear, Americans have not quite movements of us-against-them. settled on what it is that deines us as a nation. Perhaps this is an inevitable reaction Are we deined by openness, a belonging, at to the boundary-blurring power of glo- least potentially, to people everywhere? Hillary balism. Rapid transportation and wireless Clinton has advanced that idea throughout the communication allow nearly efortless campaign. “We don’t hide from change. We harness spread of people and ideas. Multitudes it,” she declared in her campaign launch speech. of refugees cross continents and oceans. Her vision was of an “inclusive society,” she contin- Murders dreamed up in war-torn Africa

ued: “What I once called ‘a village’ that has a place or Asia come true in faraway Paris or San TIME FOR FINE ALEX BY ILLUSTRATION STOCK; MACLEAN—GALLERY JOHN for everyone.” Bernardino. Or are we deined, as most nations have been Even so, the American brand of nation- throughout history, by geography and a common alism has perplexed scholars from the na- culture? Does our nationhood depend on what we tion’s beginnings. Old World nations hold keep out as well as what we include? Donald Trump fast to ethnic, racial or cultural identity—a has answered Clinton’s calls for togetherness by de- particular people tied to a particular place. manding sharper divisions, between domestic and America, by contrast, has long perceived foreign, undocumented and citizens, Muslim and itself as a voluntary association of many non-Muslim. “If you don’t have borders, you don’t races and ethnicities and cultures. have a country,” he often says. The U.S. has no oicial church and Trump’s rhetoric of great walls, trade wars and no oicial language. Only half of the crackdowns on outsiders make him a textbook na- residents of America’s largest city speak tionalist in a year when nationalism is surging English exclusively at home, according to around the world. From Putin’s Russia to the France the Census Bureau. Americans come in of Marine Le Pen, from anti-immigrant marches in every conceivable genetic mash-up. They

82 TIME October 24, 2016 don’t even need to have American parents. Trump, for example, is the son of a woman raised on a windswept Scottish island. Though “her loyalty to Scotland was incredible,” as he recalled earlier this year, Mary AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM MacLeod Trump nonetheless achieved American BY HILLARY CLINTON citizenship in 1942 and bred an American original. Princeton sociology professor Paul DiMaggio has There’s always been something special about the written that the American self-image comes very United States of America. President Abraham close to denying the very existence of “such a thing Lincoln called us the “last, best hope of earth.” as ‘American nationalism’” at all. Ancient Greeks de- President Ronald Reagan said we are a “shining veloped cosmopolitan philosophy, which holds that city on a hill.” And Robert Kennedy called us a great, all people are members of a single human society, unselish, compassionate country. I couldn’t agree more. regardless of their tribe or nation. A strong dose of If there’s one core belief that has guided and this notion shapes Clinton’s thinking: real Americans inspired me every step of my career in public service, are precisely those people who recoil from the idea it’s this: the U.S. is an exceptional nation. And of “real Americans.” when you add up all our advantages, it’s clear we’re How far can this notion go before it crumbles indispensable too—a nation all others look to for leadership. under its own weight, though? Critics of the cosmo- America is indispensable in part because we have politan ideal fear that it leads inexorably to the loss the greatest military in history, with the best troops, of national identity. And American nationhood is training and technology. And it’s essential we do no small birthright in today’s world, as World Bank everything we can to support our men and women in economist Branko Milanovic has shown. uniform, and our veterans. America is also indispensable because of Examining the link between nationality and our network of alliances, built up with decades prosperity in the age of globalism, Milanovic has of diplomacy. Russia and China can’t begin to concluded that a human being’s place and culture compare. Our allies amplify our power, aid our have become the dominant factor in determining defense and stand with us in good times and bad, standard of living. Internal class diferences within like when NATO declared 9/11 to be an attack against all its members. Walking away from our nations matter less than diferences in wealth be- alliances now would be a dangerous mistake. tween nations. “The poorest Americans are rela- America is indispensable because we have the tively well-of by world standards,” Milanovic has largest, most dynamic economy in the world. Our In times of noted. Americans “are lucky to have been born in a workers can outinnovate and outcompete anyone in turmoil, the country that is rich.” the world. And our entrepreneurs start exciting new businesses every day. conlict tends Many Trump supporters embrace the idea that to sharpen: Most of all, America is indispensable—and cosmopolitan vs. a speciically American culture is the root of the na- exceptional—because of our values. As Secretary cultural, open tion’s good fortune. Fundamentally capitalist, self- of State, I was proud to represent our country’s vs. closed reliant, English-speaking and descended from Protes- commitment to freedom, equality and opportunity. tant Europe, this culture welcomes newcomers—but The world looks to us to stand up for human rights, LGBT rights, religious and ethnic minorities, women, only if they adopt cultural values and existing norms. people with disabilities and people everywhere who At a Trump rally in North Carolina not long ago, yearn for peace. We challenge ourselves and other Jim and Sylvia Auten gave voice to this version of nations to do better. It’s why so many people from nationalism. “It’s hard for me to igure out what our around the world want to become Americans too. culture is anymore,” said Jim, an octogenarian from But with all of these advantages comes responsibility—we need to continue leading the Wilmington. “Immigrants and refugees, they come world. Because when America fails to lead, we leave here and they don’t want to assimilate, they just want a vacuum that lets extremism take root, emboldens the beneits.” our adversaries and discourages our friends. Cosmopolitan vs. cultural, open vs. closed: in Of course, this doesn’t mean that people from times of turmoil, the conlict tends to sharpen, ob- other places don’t also feel deep national pride— and other countries also have a responsibility to step serves Harvard sociologist Bart Bonikowski. De- up and help solve global problems. But America bates “about legitimate membership in the Ameri- has an unparalleled ability to be a force for peace, can nation” intensify when the country is “perceived progress and prosperity around the world. And when to be threatened.” we do, we make our own country safer and stronger. This election has brought the tension to a head So let’s never stop doing good and being great. Let’s keep America exceptional. and let slip the dogs of a new culture war. Where once we fought over abortion and school prayer, this year Clinton is a former Secretary of State and the the ight is over the very meaning of America. □ Democratic Party nominee for President 83 If you own Chinese-made ůĂŵŝŶĂƚĞŇŽŽƌŝŶŐƐŽůĚďLJ &ůŽŽƌΘĞĐŽƌďĞƚǁĞĞŶ :ĂŶƵĂƌLJϭ͕ϮϬϭϮĂŶĚ ƵŐƵƐƚϭ͕ϮϬϭϱ͕LJŽƵŵĂLJ ƋƵĂůŝĨLJƚŽƌĞĐĞŝǀĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ĨƌŽŵĂĐůĂƐƐĂĐƟŽŶƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ You may be part of a Class Action Settlement in which up to $14 Million has been proposed to resolve a lawsuit Homework against Floor & Decor Outlets of America, Inc. (“FD”). The lawsuit claims that FD mislabeled Chinese- made laminate looring, sold between January 1, 2012 and August 1, 2015, as in backpack, complying with California regulations limiting formaldehyde emissions. FD denies those allegations and stands by the safety of its products. backpack on kid, tŚĂƚŽĞƐdŚĞ^ĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚWƌŽǀŝĚĞ͍ If the looring product you purchased came from one of three Chinese manufacturers, you may be entitled at your option, to either $1.50 in cash or $3.00 in store kid on bus. credit for each square foot of looring you own. If your product is not from one of these manufacturers, you may submit a sample for testing free of charge. If formaldehyde emissions from the sample Gold star. exceed 0.084 parts per million, you may receive the beneits described above. You can determine whether you qualify for the beneits without testing by visiting With everything you need in one shared place, www.FDSettlement.com or by submitting a Claim Form. Cozi schools the details of your day. ,ŽǁdŽKďƚĂŝŶĞŶĞĮƚƐ To participate, you must submit a valid claim form available at www.FDSettlement.com, by calling 1-888-339-3891, or by writing to: Smith Shared Family Calendar v. FD, c/o GCG, PO Box 10309, Dublin, OH 43017-5909. Claim forms can be submitted electronically on the website Shopping & To Do Lists or by irst-class mail. Instructions for submitting test samples, if needed, will be Meals & Recipe Box provided once you submit your claim. To exclude yourself, you must write to the above address by November 21, 2016. To object, you must ile an objection with the Court by November 21, 2016. For complete instructions on how to exclude yourself or object, visit www.FDSettlement.com. If you do nothing, you will get no beneits and won’t be able to sue FD in the future. tŚŽZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐDĞ͍ The Court has appointed counsel to represent you. If you want your own lawyer, you may hire one at your expense. tŚĞŶtŝůůdŚĞŽƵƌƚĞĐŝĚĞ͍ The Court will hold a hearing on January 10, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. to consider whether to approve the settlement, award fees and costs to class counsel of $4,666,666.67, and pay service awards. You may appear at the hearing, but don’t have to. ,ŽǁŽ/'ĞƚDŽƌĞ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͍ You can get more details at www.FDSettlement.com, by calling 1-888-339-3891, or by writing to Smith v. FD, c/o GCG, P.O. Box 10309, Dublin, OH 43017-5909 ϭͲϴϴϴͲϯϯϵͲϯϴϵϭ ǁǁǁ͘&^ĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚ͘ĐŽŵ Get Cozi. The #1 family organizing app, available in the App Store. ‘MIRANDA SINGS IS A GEN Z PEEWEE HERMAN, AND THE INTERNET IS HER PLAYHOUSE.’ —PAGE 92

Mindy and Mike Murray, a.k.a. Tammy and Ollie, two of the devoted mascots in Christopher Guest’s new ilm

MOVIES WHEN PARKER POSEY GOT A CALL two decades. Movies like Best in Show, from Christopher Guest ofering her about competitive dog breeders and Under the a part in his next movie, she already trainers, and A Mighty Wind, about a knew the drill. Having appeared in folk-music reunion concert, have won giant heads all four of the faux-documentaries the onetime Saturday Night Live cast of Mascots Guest had written and directed since member legions of devoted fans. His 1997, she knew he’d give her the basic particular brand of comedy, which live absurd character sketch—in this case, Cindi originated with the cult classic This Babineaux, a mascot for a Mississippi Is Spinal Tap in 1984, directed by humans just women’s college basketball team who’s Rob Reiner and co-written by Reiner, aging out of her tenure as Alvin the Guest, Harry Shearer and Michael like us Armadillo—and it would be her job to McKean, applies the conventions of By Eliza Berman ill in the details. “The nine-banded self-serious documentary ilmmaking armadillo is limited,” she says, recalling to unexpected, if not undeserving, her attempts to crack the character. ictional subjects. In Mascots, Guest’s “They’re mainly roadkill.” She pauses. irst ilm in a decade, premiering on “That’s an interesting angle.” Netlix on Oct. 13, he and co-writer Jim Finding the interesting angle on Piddock turn their gaze—with the help idiosyncratic subcultures and the of a lock of returning cast members, Cindi Babineauxs that comprise them including Posey, Jane Lynch, Fred has driven Guest’s work over the past Willard and Ed Begley Jr.—toward the NETFLIX 85 Time Of Reviews

men and women who dance in poorly GUEST’S WORLD for laughs. “Meg asks for a toy that ventilated animal suits to bring smiles to they don’t have at the pet store, and it’s the faces of amateur sports fans. serious. It’s people caring. There’s a lot When Cindi arrives at the World of heart. It kind of starts at that,” she Mascot Association’s Golden Flufy says. Adds Lynch, who reunites with Awards in Anaheim, she faces stif Guest for a fourth time in Mascots— competition from the likes of Tommy this time as competition judge Gabby “The Fist” (Chris O’Dowd), a belligerent △ Monkhouse, whose mascoting career hockey mascot and the self-proclaimed THIS IS SPINAL TAP (1984 as a moose was cut short by a split- “bad boy of sports mascotery”; Phil A raucous British rock band births the induced injury: “It’s wonderful that it Mayhew, a.k.a. Jack the Plumber catchphrase “This one goes to 11” ends up being so funny, but it comes (Christopher Moynihan), a real estate from a real place of being grounded in appraiser who deems his day job his these characters.” “pretend life”; and Owen Golly Jr., It’s also surprisingly serious on a.k.a. Sid the Hedgehog (Tom Bennett), set, where, Lynch observes, “Wacky a third-generation mascot and butcher things don’t happen.” Guest’s movies who cheers a soccer team formed by a are meticulously plotted, but they’re British pudding factory. unscripted. The dialogue is improvised In a way, the stakes are higher for the △ in protracted takes, from which Guest BEST IN SHOW (2000 mascots than they were for dog handlers A group of obsessive canine owners conjures comedic magic in the editing or has-been folkies. Their complete compete for the blue ribbon at a room. The word improv may imply of- anonymity—in both face and name— Westminster-like dog show the-cuf ideation, but preparation is key. makes the chance for recognition by “By the time you get to set, it has to be their peers all the more meaningful, a fully baked characterization, so you as proven most poignantly by Jack the can play,” says Lynch. “You can’t play if Plumber, who hypes a football team you’re not sure who your character is.” whose members don’t know him from Although Mascots and its predeces- Adam. Yet his routine—which involves sors are largely apolitical, it’s hard to chasing errant, breakdancing feces talk about sports symbolism without around the stage—is met with rapturous △ mentioning the conversation about applause from the mascot community. WAITING FOR GUFFMAN (1997 ofensive characters that continue to The mascots refer to their passion Community-theater actors in small- represent some teams. In one scene, town Missouri fall under the delusion as a craft. They look to forebears so that they have a shot at Broadway Cindi is nearly disqualiied because of dedicated to their plush alter egos that a rule forbidding competitors whose they chose to be buried inside of them. teams are associated with anything Judges wear white gloves to handle ofensive based on race, creed, gender the trophies, lest they leave a thumb- or sexual orientation, and Alvin print, and the master of ceremonies the Armadillo’s predecessor, per an buzzes with nervous excitement at anonymous complainant, was the the possibility that the Gluten Free Leaping Squaw. The judges’ deliberation Channel—which airs in “over two cities △ skewers discussions about real-life nationwide”—might televise future A MIGHTY WIND (2003 controversial mascots, with most of competitions. A ictional crew of obsolete folkies the all-white panel not seeing what’s perform hits like the Oscar-nominated

so bad about the word squaw, anyway. BROS. WARNER ACCOUNTANT: THE NETFLIX; (4); MASCOTS: EVERETT IT’S ALL ETREMELY serious business “A Kiss at the End of the Rainbow” (“Frankly,” says Gabby, “I’m more for these characters, and much of the ofended by the word leaping.”) humor derives from the often humorless, Guest’s ilms are commonly referred single-minded fervor with which they to as mockumentaries, but the ilmmaker devote themselves to their passion. But has distanced himself from the term despite the zaniness of the end result, because his intent is not to mock. it’s serious business for the actors who “It’s not a mean laughter,” says Lynch. portray them too. “It comes from deep inside our own Posey’s attitude toward Cindi fears of the ordinary. We laugh watching mirrored her approach to her uptight these people because ultimately, they’re Weimaraner owner in Best in Show, really just ordinary people who wish who has a hilarious conniption when they were extraordinary, and they’re not. her dog’s favorite toy goes missing. We’re laughing at ourselves even if we But Posey didn’t play that scene don’t know it.” □

86 TIME October 24, 2016 ◁ Lithgow and Aleck do their best to make talking about numbers look interesting

clerk who discovers a glitch in the books of her employer, a robotics company run by a shifty-looking John Lithgow. Christian is brought in to locate the source of the discrepancy. Meanwhile, a Treasury Department agent on the verge of retirement (J.K. Simmons) lurches toward that one last big case, and Christian just might lead him to it. But the story’s wowza surprise revelations—most of them tied up haphazardly near the end, in the now obligatory expositional wrap-up—hit with about as much zip as an annotated spreadsheet. That’s a shame: The Accountant would be more entertaining if it just acknowledged its own nerdy outlandishness. Still, it’s something MOVIES to watch Aleck play a man who has The Accountant pays small trouble expressing his feelings and struggles to read those of others. In dividends on its star addition to that Airstream, Christian has By Stephanie Zacharek a featureless apartment, where we see him retreat to cook and then consume IF THE ACCOUNTANT HAD BEEN MADE only as the result of bad parenting. As a humble dinner of exactly three fried in the 1970s, preferably by Roger a kid, Christian had a chance to attend eggs, three pancakes and three strips of Corman, the studio marketing a progressive neurological institute bacon. It’s ritualistic details like these— department wouldn’t have had to think for children with special issues, like and not watching Christian leap and run twice about the tagline—“He’ll whip autism. But the tough, terrible love and prove his prowess with automatic your assets!”—and the movie would be doled out by his thuggish, career-soldier weapons—that make The Accountant a lot more fun too. As it is, the premise dad—“If loud noises and bright lights watchable. How do you show what of The Accountant is so preposterous bother him, he needs more, not less”— a man is feeling when he has a face that it almost qualiies as fun: Ben set this loner genius on the path toward unaccustomed to showing feelings? Aleck plays Christian Wolf, a socially crunching numbers for the wrong side Aleck somehow pulls it of, mostly with awkward math savant who runs a small- of the law. It also helped him hone the nothing more extravagant than a stray town strip-mall accounting business skills necessary to break heads. glance or a shadowy muscle twitch. by day but retreats, in his spare time, The setup ofers all kinds of dazzling Konstantin Stanislavsky counseled to a vintage Airstream trailer kitted possibilities, but director Gavin that actors should play objectives out with state-of-the-art weapons, O’Connor (Warrior, Jane Got a Gun) rather than outright feelings, anyway. drawers full of cash in every currency and writer Bill Dubuque (The Judge) What, then, does Christian want? and a museum-worthy artwork or two. mostly go for the organized-sock- In the movie’s inest moment—it’s (There’s a Jackson Pollock mounted drawer kind. Anna Kendrick appears Aleck’s inest moment too—he listens on the ceiling above his bed, so he can as the love interest masquerading as as Kendrick’s Dana explains how she gaze upon it while thinking his orderly an allegedly interesting character with really wanted to be an artist, but her accountant’s thoughts.) a job—she plays Dana, an accounting father urged her toward a more practical Christian’s day job sure looks boring, career. She belittles her dad’s views of but his real line of work is cooking the art, explaining that his taste runs mostly books for big-time criminal outits, to poker-playing dogs. Christian, unable which means he needs to be able to ‘I gave the script to my to lirt, instead plays the contrarian. He disappear at a moment’s notice—hence mom ... because she’s likes paintings of poker-playing dogs, he the hipster bachelor-pad trailer—and, an accountant.’ says, “because dogs would never bet on every once in a while, kill somebody. things. It’s incongruous.” And he winks ANNA KENDRICK, explaining in a Twitter Luckily, he’s also an ace marksman and Q&A how she prepared for her role at her without winking. Compared with a fearsome martial-arts practitioner, but in The Accountant that, busting heads is just kid stuf. □ 87 Time Of Reviews

MOVIES modulation: his delivery starts out at 10 Hart of a lion: on the intensity meter and pretty much stays there. His shtick can be wearying if making an entire you’re not pumped for it. And the movie’s city laugh at once framing device, presenting Hart as a half- suave, half-clownish James Bond–style IT TAKES A LIONHEARTED CONSTITUTION hero, is wobbly and strained. Kevin Hart: to do live comedy in an arena, a joint where What Now? kicks into gear only after it’s nearly impossible to read individual Hart has leaped onto that stage, decked faces and where the sound of an audience’s out in a black leather jacket with golden laughter—or, worse, its silence—must zippers, as if they’d been brushed with a register as an overwhelming kind of comedy-rock-star Williams’ character seeks a nest blur. Kevin Hart has a lion’s superpower Midas touch. heart. His rambunctious live ‘Doors that people Hart spins through MOVIES concert movie Kevin Hart: were saying were stories about what Certain What Now? wasn’t ilmed at closed, I now have happens when you send an arena but in a stadium— your kids to private school Women Philadelphia’s Lincoln a platform where (while you’re reminiscing Financial Field—before an I can open some ... with friends about how burns slow audience of some 53,000 I’m slow-walking tough life was in the hood, but true people. That’s like making this to reality.’ they’re moaning about the entire population of KEVIN HART, in Entertainment wi-i outages) and how KELLY REICHARDT’S FILMS Hoboken, N.J., or Pensacola, Weekly terrible it would be to have (Meek’s Cutof, Wendy and Fla., laugh at once. your kneecaps bitten of Lucy) can seem like delicate Sometimes raw but by a wild animal (making creatures while you’re mostly just raucous, Hart generally pulls bowling, in particular, rather awkward). watching them. Their true it of in his third concert ilm, riing on Hart was born and raised in Philadel- sturdiness and depth emerge everything from his fear of the wildlife phia, so a homecoming party to which only after you’ve allowed surrounding his suburban Los Angeles 50,000 neighbors bought tickets must be time for the details to sink in. home—including a particularly ballsy especially sweet. He seems humbled, even Reichardt’s latest, Certain raccoon—to his father’s assumption a little overwhelmed, by their presence and Women, connects the daily that the helpful presence living inside by their laughter. He may be playing to a lives—and the workaday his smartphone is named Cyrus and stadium packed with people, but he hears loneliness—of four women not Siri. Hart isn’t exactly a master of them playing to him too. —S.Z. in rural Montana: a lawyer (Laura Dern) representing an injured construction worker Hart in concert: (Jared Harris) who has yes, that’s a already settled his case but giant toilet seat can’t let it go; an alienated mother (Reichardt regular Michelle Williams) whose husband (James Le Gros) is building her a dream house, even though he barely understands who she really is; and a shy ranch worker (Lily Gladstone) drawn to the distracted law-school grad (Kristen Stewart) who tools into her town twice a week to teach a night class. Certain Women burns slow, but it leaves behind a mysterious, shimmering aura. You feel you know these women— even if their feelings are at times elusive even to themselves.—S.Z.

88 TIME October 24, 2016 QUICK TALK Rebecca Hall The British-born actor, 34, gives an award-worthy performance in Christine (Oct. 14), director Antonio Campos’ harrowing reimagining of the inal days of Florida TV news anchor Christine Chubbuck, who shot herself during a live broadcast in 1974. What was your irst reaction upon encountering this material? People fall into two camps: Either you hear ON MY RADAR about the story of Christine and you go, MOONLIGHT “That’s a frightening, horrible thing— she must have been a monster.” Or “I just saw you’re curious and vaguely sympathetic. Moonlight, which broke my heart. I loved it You must have fallen into the second so much. What camp. I thought, Wait a minute. It’s a brilliant about mental-health issues, but there’s ilmmaker Gates and others describe the new Jim Crow something brutally relatable here, [director Barry because you’re looking at a woman Jenkins] is. who is a misit, and weird. Often that’s It’s amazing." MOVIES portrayed as cool and hip, but it’s so 13th: an amendment rare, especially for a woman, for that to be portrayed as agony—the pain of with an identity crisis thinking that you don’t it in. EVEN IF YOU THINK YOU KNOW EVERYTHING Was it challenging to step into the about the 13th Amendment, which abolished shoes of such a tortured character? slavery—or about the criminal-justice system— As a lady, you don’t get to do those roles there will be something in Ava DuVernay’s succinct, so often. People are so frightened of an passionate documentary 13th to make your jaw unlikable woman onscreen. It was im- drop. Although the amendment guarantees possible to get funding for this movie— freedom for all citizens “except as a punishment we ended up making it on a shoestring for crime whereof the party shall have been in 22 days. In many ways, I probably duly convicted,” its meaning has been willfully couldn’t have handled more than that. distorted: mass incarceration, unreasonable drug laws and police brutality have become Jim Crow– Even though the ilm is very dark, like means to control the lives of people of color. is there something ultimately The chances that a white man will go to prison at redeeming about it?

X Everyone has a some point in his life are 1 in 17. For black men, that day where they’re like, I’m not doing statistic is 1 in 3, according to the ilm. DuVernay well at being me. Everyone knows what has assembled a persuasive group of experts— it’s like to be depressed. Sometimes you including Angela Davis and Henry Louis Gates Jr.— really fail at being normal. At its heart, to expand on, and illuminate, the distressing facts. there’s a positive message—that people 13th—currently available on Netlix—is dense with are more accepting of us on our darkest information, and it moves fast. But it’s also a story days than we sometimes think. told in images, and the ones DuVernay has chosen ring not just with sadness and horror but also Are you pleased with the reception cautious optimism. If it’s wrenching to see the face of the ilm? I don’t think you get a [role of Emmett Till in his casket, swollen and deiled, like] Christine more than three times there’s joy in the photographs that accompany in your career if you are extraordinarily the closing credits, images of black family life in lucky, extraordinarily successful and America from the late 19th century to today, as it probably a man. I really want people to ought to be and sometimes has been. This could be see it. I’ve even joined Instagram, for the future of America, if we treat it not as an elusive

HART: UNIVERSAL; CERTAIN WOMEN: IFC; HALL: GETTY IMAGES; 13TH: NETFLI God’s sake! —SAM LANSKY dream but as an achievable reality.—S.Z. 89 Time Of Television

theme park where visitors can shoot and seduce lifelike ro- bots. The park’s mastermind (Anthony Hopkins) says guests prefer doing violence to the androids. “Look at Grand Theft Auto and other open world games—violence is part of all of them. With virtual reality, the violence is ever more realistic and immersive,” says Jonathan Nolan, who with wife Lisa Joy co-wrote the series based on the 1973 Michael Crichton ilm. “We were interested in the mo- ment after that, in which the simulations become indistin- guishable from reality.” On Westworld, the robots grow self-aware and challenge the ethics of human actions. Computers that are Lacie (Bryce Dallas Howard) is obsessed with likes in an episode of Black Mirror smarter than humans are fast approaching. People con- TELEVISION verse with Apple’s Siri, and this year a Google computer Sci-i evolves into disturbing BEST BLACK MIRROR beat the world champion at reality in Black Mirror and CONCEPTS a complex game called Go, Westworld a milestone that many com- 1. “BE RIGHT BACK” puter scientists thought was By Eliana Dockterman A woman (Hayley Atwell) a decade away. “We drive a who loses her boyfriend signs up for a service that Tesla,” says Joy. “We used to LACIE TAKES A CAREFUL BITE OF A COOKIE AND SPITS IT will cull his online commute to set ourselves. By into her hand, then places the rest of it on the saucer next to presence to re-create him the time we were ilming the her cup of cofee. She snaps a picture to post on social media, inale, the car could do the 2. “THE ENTIRE HISTORY captioning it HEAVEN. She giggles as the likes rack up. OF YOU” commute for us.” It’s a familiar scene to anyone who’s dined in a restaurant An implant allows humans Technology is develop- where patrons spend as much time documenting their food as to rewind and replay ing so quickly that ethical they do eating it. But Lacie (Bryce Dallas Howard) is the sub- anything they’ve ever questions that sci-i has al- ject of an episode of Black Mirror, a Twilight Zone for the digi- seen, wreaking havoc on ways posed are increasingly tal age that Netlix premieres on Oct. 21, having added six in- personal relationships becoming a part of our daily AMC DEAD: WALKING THE EPIX; STATION: BERLIN NETFLIX; MIRROR: BLACK stallments to the original seven that aired in Britain. Each tells 3. “WHITE CHRISTMAS” lives. Should robots have a self-contained story. In “Nosedive,” Lacie lives in a world Jon Hamm plays a rights? Does social media where every picture, post and real-life interaction is ranked by consultant who helps men connect or isolate? Do de- online friends. The higher your ranking, the more perks you pick up women through a vices expose our worst selves? device that allows him to accrue: nicer cars, better apartments. But drop too low and hear what the client hears While we may not yet have you can’t enter your workplace, let alone a country club. and see what he sees answers, at least these shows “I don’t think of it as the near future—I think of it as a par- compel us to confront and 4. “THE NATIONAL allel present,” says Michael Schur, who wrote “Nosedive” ANTHEM” wrestle with these dilem- with Rashida Jones based on a concept by Black Mirror cre- Terrorists kidnap a mas together. Jones says ator Charlie Brooker. “We’re basically already there. People princess and demand that that at a recent screening of are deriving a sense of value and meaning from social media.” the Prime Minister have “Nosedive” at the Toronto While 2001: A Space Odyssey and Blade Runner rendered sex with a pig on national Film Festival, “There was a worlds that appeared distant, Black Mirror—alongside the television for her return sense of collective shame. But new HBO series Westworld (airing Sundays)—asserts that we also relief: Oh, someone else are nearing dystopia. Westworld takes place in a Wild West does that too.”□ TIME PICKS TELEVISION The Walking Dead deals MOVIES a grisly blow In South Korean director Park Chan- wook’s erotic thriller DESPITE ITS NAME, The Handmaiden (Oct. 21), a con man The Walking Dead has never and a pickpocket try really been about the zom- to trick a sheltered bies. From the show’s irst heiress out of her episode, in which Rick fortune—but it soon Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) becomes unclear who’s getting fooled. awakens from a coma to ind the world as he knew it over- run by the undead, AMC’s hit drama has actually been character-driven, fueled by the relationships formed among a ragtag group of survivors navigating a post- apocalyptic landscape. But as the show has picked of those △ MUSIC characters one by one, it’s On Mad Love (Oct. 14), veered toward the point of her irst album in a no return. decade, former teen- That matters, consider- pop chart topper JoJo serves up a more ing that The Walking Dead grownup sound with has been the top-rated series soulful songs about on television for four years intoxicating romances running, earning more than and self-empowerment. 14 million live viewers for Daryl (Norman Reedus) surveys the scene BOOKS the Season 6 inale. While In Who Killed These the show delivers consistent Girls? (Oct. 11), Beverly shocks and a vividly drawn measure but especially con- what little hope viewers have Lowry unravels the dystopian universe, those sidering how invested fans clung to that no matter how unsolved murders, and subsequent botched aren’t enough to carry a se- are in the group. (The iden- bad things get, human de- investigation, of four ries; it works because view- tity of that character will be cency would win out against teenagers in a Texas ers have developed such revealed in the Season 7 pre- the forces of evil. yogurt shop in 1991. ierce emotional attachment miere on Oct. 23, and spec- Recent dark dramas have ▽ to its protagonists. Audi- ulation among the show’s walked this tightrope by en- TELEVISION ences have watched for six devotees about who it is suring that major deaths Berlin Station, premier- ing Oct. 16 on Epix, years as this crew has battled has already reached a fever served a greater purpose stars Rhys Ifans and hordes of zombies, turned pitch.) Core cast members than just toying with view- Richard Armitage as a prison into a home and have been ofed in the past, ers’ emotions—Ned Stark CIA agents in Berlin nursed one another back but this is the irst time one was beheaded to set the coping with leaks of from the brink of emotional of those deaths has seemed entire course of Game of classiied information. collapse; it’s easy for fans to quite so gratuitous. It douses Thrones in motion; Break- feel that they too would be- ing Bad’s Walter White made long in this makeshift family. the ultimate sacriice to save Which is why it was so ‘It made me his partner. There’s a place brutal when the sixth season physically sick for shocking violence on ended with a clifhanger in when I read it, and television if it’s purposeful which one of the main char- if we’ve done it right, enough. But when The Walk- acters was seen being beaten you will [be] too.’ ing Dead comes back, it may to death with a barbed-wire- be hard to remember what covered baseball bat—a ANDREW LINCOLN, to Variety, the show’s purpose was at all. gruesome sequence by any about the controversial scene —MEGAN MCCLUSKEY 91 Time Of Reviews

TELEVISION Haters Back O takes a star from YouTube to TV By Daniel D’Addario

MIRANDA SINGS, A YOUTUBE SKETCH series introduced in 2008, makes a mockery of the web’s would-be celebrities. Miranda, a misit in cakey red lipstick played by Colleen Ballinger, appears in lo-i music videos, either caterwauling or sing-speaking salaciously. The joke is that Miranda thinks fame is her birthright. But that’s made the joke hard to sustain—because like Ballinger, Miranda has become famous. The actor and character have a combined 11.5 million YouTube followers—more Ballinger’s Miranda, with an admirer (Erik Stocklin), dreams of adoring fans than the weekly viewership of Fox hit Empire. It’s hard to mock the thirsty Miranda Sings isn’t the irst YouTube MIRANDA SINGS when you’re on a national tour or HIGHLIGHTS sensation to get its shot at the big time. appearing on Jerry Seinfeld’s Comedians Amiable goof Grace Helbig got her own in Cars Getting Cofee—or when you talk show on E!, and zealous pop-culture have your own Netlix series. fan Tyler Oakley has practically built On Haters Back Of, whose eight an empire out of Ellen appearances. But episodes arrive on Oct. 14 on Netlix, Ballinger is perhaps the irst YouTuber Ballinger wisely takes her character to use access to TV-size budgets to make back to the start. We’re not seeing △ something truly new. Miranda with a massive audience— “MOVES LIKE JAGGER,” 2011 Haters Back Of, with its grating we’re seeing her as a homeschool In a lash-mob video set to the lead character and familiar-looking student in Tacoma, Wash., beginning Maroon 5 hit, Miranda danced megachurch-and-megastore setting, alone through a grocery store to make the videos that she hopes will is imperfect, but it’s also more than it bring her paid gigs and renown. needed to be. Past YouTube-derived Attention is attention to Miranda: projects have been a vehicle to the the praise she receives from her equally next thing—a way to reach more and fame-obsessed uncle Jim (Steve Little) more fans. Ballinger has hit pause on feels good, but so too does the chance her upward climb to examine what the to blast her comments-section critics. obsession with having fans papers over “I’m going to pray for the souls of my △ and the new problems it creates. COMEDIANS IN CARS haters,” she declares. “I’m going to pray GETTING COFFEE, 2014 It also seems to come from some- for God to punish them and teach them Miranda tried to teach Jerry place very real. In a September YouTube a lesson.” Without her critics, Miranda Seinfeld “how to be famous” video, Ballinger appeared out of would have to shift her focus to her ill character to address her public. Crying mother (The Oce’s Angela Kinsey)—or as she detailed her recent divorce from (3) YOUTUBE VIDEOS: NETFLIX; OFF: BACK HATERS to the hole in her own heart that she’s husband and fellow web personality trying to ill with applause. Joshua David Evans, she said, “I hate With her placeless accent, lagrant that I can’t control this—that it’s going to rudeness and outré look, Miranda is a end up in the hands of these people that character meant to appeal to tweens are so mean.” She says she plans to take and young teens—she’s a Gen Z △ a break from the Internet. Haters can “LIFE UPDATE,” 2016 Pee-wee Herman, and the Internet is In an emotional out-of-character indeed serve as motivators—but they her playhouse. But it’s an open question video, Ballinger told fans about can also make you question whether it’s whether her audience is equipped to her divorce worthwhile to live a relentlessly public pick up the show’s minor-key notes. life in the irst place. □ With our worry-free guarantee, just return it, and we’ll replace it no matter how they say it broke–even if an octopus is to blame.

1-Year of Amazon FreeTime Unlimited Over 13,000 Kid-Friendly Titles $ .99 Parental Controls 99 Time Of PopChart

Toy company Funko is releasing Golden Girls action figures, which will be sold exclusively at New York Comic Con.

Taco Bell Canada is transforming one of its Ontario stores into an Airbnb for one night to celebrate the Pope Francis was launch of its new Steak Doubledilla. The so-called photo-bombed by SteakCation will include a personal taco butler. Lady Gaga is doing a tour a smiling dog while of dive bars to meeting with a promote her new canine training group album, Joanne. outside the Vatican in St. Peter’s Square.

Benedict Cumberbatch said he’s generally amused by the attention he receives online, even when it results in bizarre comments and memes:

‘I’m glad I’m bringing a ray of Starbucks released a sunshine to an otherwise dull limited-edition pumpkin day, being imagined eating spice whipped cream in honor of the birthday of fritters shirtless.’ its Pumpkin Spice Latte. LOVE IT TIME’S WEEKLY TAKE ON WHAT POPPED IN CULTURE LEAVE IT

A company called Critics mocked Costumeish

Madame briely sold— P ANHEUSER-BUSCH; GAGA: LADY FUNKO; GIRLS: GOLDEN AIRBNB; BELL: TACO Tussaud’s latest then pulled—a

Justin Bieber “Parisian CHIC STARBUCKS, IMAGES; GETTY BIEBER: CUMBERBATCH, ABC; COATS: .COM; wax figure for Heist Robbery looking like Victim” it’s having an costume, existential crisis. presumably inspired by Kim Kardashian West.

Custom oficials at Houston’s George Bush Intercontinental Airport intercepted more than 4 lb. of cocaine sewn into children’s coats that were being transported into the U.S. from Peru. Green Bay

Packers tight COSTUMEISH KARDASHIAN: AP; OPE: end Jared Cook A Southwest Airlines tweeted a TWITTER PHONE: HEAD, KEN light was evacuated photo of what and cancelled after appeared to be a passenger’s new a fried chicken Samsung Galaxy Note head in his 7 phone reportedly order at Buffalo caught fire. Wild Wings.

94 TIME October 24, 2016 By Raisa Bruner, Cady Lang and Megan McCluskey Essay The Amateur

My household get-out- the-vote campaign hits a teen roadblock By Kristin van Ogtrop

WHEN ANOTHER SON WENT OFF TO COLLEGE THIS PAST summer, I made it clear that I required four things of him: 1. Eat vegetables 2. Get good grades 3. Make friends 4. Register to vote fans who eat french fries with every meal and memo- My son is going to school in Pennsylvania, so that last rize their Social Security numbers incorrectly. I was in requirement was particularly important, even if he does think a near panic. My son was shrugging, by text. battleground state has something to do with Gettysburg, or maybe the Steelers and the Eagles. WHY IS IT SO HARD to make 18-year-old boys care In the suburban town where my son grew up, there is a about things that matter? I could have ive more sons charming tradition in which the elementary-school kids get and live to be 200 and never know the answer to that to cast ballots alongside their parents whenever the school question. (See: foot odor; responding to emails; Mom budget is up for a vote. The stakes of the two electoral contests when she yells.) But the more I thought about my seem to be equally weighty: an approved school budget son’s lack of urgency, the more it began to make a kind vs. reduced investment in the next generation’s education; of sad sense. Young people usually have lower voter pajama day vs. sports day vs. game day. None of the children turnout than their parents or grandparents anyway. seem to care that they don’t get a bona ide voting booth like And now, for my son and his friends, their political the adults do. After all, there is a cookie tray. And stickers! coming-of-age coincides with a time when one of the major-party candidates looks and sounds like what SPOILER ALERT to all parents of young kids: regularly voting you would get if you mixed Survivor, Keeping Up for the right to wear pajamas to school does not appear to With the Kardashians and Duck Dynasty and baked prepare children to vote for President of the United States. it in a convection oven at the Playboy Mansion for My relationship with my teenage son consists mostly of 70 years. What is reality, and what is reality TV? I my sending him overly long texts and his responding with actually worked on Capitol Hill, and I can’t tell. How one-word answers, occasionally accompanied by a friendly is Mr. I Don’t Know My Social Security Number emoji if he remembers that I am partly responsible for his supposed to be sophisticated enough to igure it out? existence, not to mention paying for his meal plan. After we The whole thing has become so meta—reality dropped him of at school in August, I spent the trip home text- TV becomes real life, and vice versa—that it’s no hectoring him about those four things he needed to do. Miracle surprise kids my son’s age regard politics with ironic of miracles—and yes, maybe just to get me of his back—he detachment. In fact, we’ll be lucky if anyone in his actually registered to vote. Sometimes it is remarkably easy to generation ever runs for oice. When is the last time feel like you have been a good parent. you met someone under the age of 25 who wanted to Then, in mid-October, the Letter arrived. It was from the go into politics? I’m not sure I ever have. Future food Pennsylvania board of elections, addressed to my son but bloggers, movie directors and tech billionaires are a sent to our home address. I texted to say the Letter had come. dime a dozen. Future members of Congress? Uh, no. Did he want me to open it? “Yes,” he responded. “What’s the This year, more than ever, it’s been hard to convince magic word?” I asked. “Rumpelstiltskin,” he replied. my children that they need to take politics seriously, Because he never actually said “please,” and because he still when it all seems so farcical. But I’m clinging to this doesn’t know that you should never engage in a battle of wills little bit of hope: my youngest son, who is 9, insisted with an Aries mom, I didn’t open the Letter until a few days on tuning in to every presidential debate. Whether he later. And then: crisis! The personal information he had pro- cares about the issues or just wants to witness the spec- vided in his voter registration had an error. The good news is tacle, I don’t know. But at least he’s paying attention. that he doesn’t carry his Social Security card in his wallet, since we have nagged him for years about that too. The bad news? It Van Ogtrop is the author of Just Let Me Lie Down:

ILLUSTRATION BY LUCI GUTIÉRREZ FOR TIME seems the future of our country rests in the hands of DJ Khaled Necessary Terms for the Half-Insane Working Mom 95 10 Questions

Jeremy Corbyn The far-left leader of Britain’s main opposition Labour Party on why insurgent leaders are on the rise and why his wife can’t stand Donald Trump

You’re an antiwar socialist leading be pressing the government for full ac- ‘[There’s been] Western Europe’s largest political cess to the European Single Market for a rejection of party. Are you part of a global anti- goods and services. We must also estab- the neoliberal establishment phenomenon? It’s not lish fair migration rules as part of the consensus by a lot about me personally, it’s about a rejec- Brexit negotiations, which will establish tion of the neoliberal consensus by a lot our new relationship with the E.U. of people all over of people all over the world. Europe and the world. Europe the U.S. were the last to wake up to this. The U.K.’s ruling Conservative Party and the U.S. were wants companies to publish the the last to wake up Your former Labour Party colleague number of overseas employees. Is to this.’ David Miliband says you’re making this a smart way to curb migration? the party “unelectable.” How can Instead of stopping the abuse of migrant you win in 2020? We are reaching out labor, the Conservatives are fanning the to people who are disillusioned with lames of xenophobia. Drawing up lists politics because of the lack of distance of foreign workers in our companies between the Labour and Conservative will foster discrimination in workplaces parties. We are very enthusiastically and in communities. mobilizing a lot of young people who didn’t vote in the last election. Have the U.K. and E.U. done enough to help refugees? The program in Eu- Is that the same kind of energy rope is loundering. Germany has done that has propelled Donald Trump’s by far the most, Britain has done a mini- campaign? No, I think the Trump cam- mal amount, and I’m working with paign is much more about a charismatic other socialists across Europe to individual who’s made a great deal of try to get an agreed European money out of business, then assuming position of supporting refugees. that his charisma will carry him into of- In any other era in history, it ice. I don’t think there are many people would be a mark of shame that who want to see greater social justice more hasn’t been done. who are supporting Trump. I think the parallels are too often drawn between Have international Trump and what is happening in our airstrikes in Syria made country. the situation worse? There has to be a political solution What do you think about Trump as in Syria and I would urge a leader? He doesn’t attempt any form Russia and the U.S. to of political consensus. His statements get together as quickly as about, for example, the wall between the possible to try to agree on U.S. and Mexico are beyond absurd. My another cease-ire. A war wife is from Mexico and the anger of peo- is not going to solve Syria’s ple there about Trump is unbelievable. problems.

What would you hope for from a You’ve been quoted Hillary Clinton presidency? I hope calling Hamas and she would be prepared to do all that Hizballah “friends” in DIGITAL–REA/REDUX JESS HURD—REPORT she can to de-escalate tensions around the past. Do you regret it? the world, and support attempts led by The remarks people quoted the U.N. to put a legal ban on nuclear at me concerning Hamas weapons. were actually an inclusive way of addressing a meeting Britain will begin the process of leav- to ensure a serious discussion took ing the European Union next year. place. It was not an endorsement. What is your position on Brexit? I will —MARK LEFTLY/LONDON

96 TIME October 24, 2016

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