Complete Genome Sequence of Methanofervidicoccus Sp. A16, A
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The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. -
Genome-Resolved Meta-Analysis of the Microbiome in Oil Reservoirs Worldwide
microorganisms Article Genome-Resolved Meta-Analysis of the Microbiome in Oil Reservoirs Worldwide Kelly J. Hidalgo 1,2,* , Isabel N. Sierra-Garcia 3 , German Zafra 4 and Valéria M. de Oliveira 1 1 Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas–UNICAMP, Av. Alexandre Cazellato 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária, 13083-862 Campinas, Brazil 3 Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal, Campus de Santiago, Avenida João Jacinto de Magalhães, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] 4 Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 calle 9, 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-19981721510 Abstract: Microorganisms inhabiting subsurface petroleum reservoirs are key players in biochemical transformations. The interactions of microbial communities in these environments are highly complex and still poorly understood. This work aimed to assess publicly available metagenomes from oil reservoirs and implement a robust pipeline of genome-resolved metagenomics to decipher metabolic and taxonomic profiles of petroleum reservoirs worldwide. Analysis of 301.2 Gb of metagenomic information derived from heavily flooded petroleum reservoirs in China and Alaska to non-flooded petroleum reservoirs in Brazil enabled us to reconstruct 148 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of high and medium quality. At the phylum level, 74% of MAGs belonged to bacteria and 26% to archaea. The profiles of these MAGs were related to the physicochemical parameters and recovery management applied. -
Genomics and Energy and Environmental Science Poster 2011
Omics: Exploring the Molecular Universe within Biological Systems Instead of studying one or a few genes or proteins at a time, “omics” collectively Proteomics is the analysis of the proteome—the complete set describes the comprehensive analysis of genes, RNA transcripts, proteins, of proteins expressed by a cell or population of cells. Proteins, metabolites, and other molecules present in a biological system. Ongoing the workhorse molecules of life, catalyze biochemical reactions; advances in computing power and automated technologies for DNA sequencing provide structural support; and recognize, bind, or transport and experiments continue to improve our ability to analyze increasing numbers other molecules throughout the cell. Hundreds of dierent types of molecules and how they function as a system. Systems biology integrates the of proteins can be expressed at a time, and most are part of large data from various omic analyses using computational tools to build predictive complexes made up of models of biological systems. many proteins and other molecules. Transcriptomics is the analysis of the transcriptome—the complete set of RNA Hundreds to molecules present in a cell or population of thousands of different cells. RNA, which is much less stable than protein types exist within DNA, is constantly being synthesized and a cell. This large subunit of a ribosome contains about then broken down to facilitate rapid 3,000 RNA nucleotides changes in paerns of protein expression (gray) and 30 protein that occur as an organism dynamically chains (gold). responds to its environment. In addition to the three major classes of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal RNA), single- stranded RNA is very exible and can fold into complex shapes that carry out specic functions. -
Biological Diversity in the Patent System
Biological Diversity in the Patent System Paul Oldham1,2*, Stephen Hall1,3, Oscar Forero1,4 1 ESRC Centre for Economic and Social Aspects of Genomics (Cesagen), Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom, 2 Institute of Advanced Studies, United Nations University, Yokohama, Japan, 3 One World Analytics, Lancaster, United Kingdom, 4 Centre for Development, Environment and Policy, SOAS, University of London, London, United Kingdom Abstract Biological diversity in the patent system is an enduring focus of controversy but empirical analysis of the presence of biodiversity in the patent system has been limited. To address this problem we text mined 11 million patent documents for 6 million Latin species names from the Global Names Index (GNI) established by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Encyclopedia of Life (EOL). We identified 76,274 full Latin species names from 23,882 genera in 767,955 patent documents. 25,595 species appeared in the claims section of 136,880 patent documents. This reveals that human innovative activity involving biodiversity in the patent system focuses on approximately 4% of taxonomically described species and between 0.8–1% of predicted global species. In this article we identify the major features of the patent landscape for biological diversity by focusing on key areas including pharmaceuticals, neglected diseases, traditional medicines, genetic engineering, foods, biocides, marine genetic resources and Antarctica. We conclude that the narrow focus of human innovative activity and ownership of genetic resources is unlikely to be in the long term interest of humanity. We argue that a broader spectrum of biodiversity needs to be opened up to research and development based on the principles of equitable benefit-sharing, respect for the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity, human rights and ethics. -
Geomicrobiological Processes in Extreme Environments: a Review
202 Articles by Hailiang Dong1, 2 and Bingsong Yu1,3 Geomicrobiological processes in extreme environments: A review 1 Geomicrobiology Laboratory, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China. 2 Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA. Email: [email protected] 3 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China. The last decade has seen an extraordinary growth of and Mancinelli, 2001). These unique conditions have selected Geomicrobiology. Microorganisms have been studied in unique microorganisms and novel metabolic functions. Readers are directed to recent review papers (Kieft and Phelps, 1997; Pedersen, numerous extreme environments on Earth, ranging from 1997; Krumholz, 2000; Pedersen, 2000; Rothschild and crystalline rocks from the deep subsurface, ancient Mancinelli, 2001; Amend and Teske, 2005; Fredrickson and Balk- sedimentary rocks and hypersaline lakes, to dry deserts will, 2006). A recent study suggests the importance of pressure in the origination of life and biomolecules (Sharma et al., 2002). In and deep-ocean hydrothermal vent systems. In light of this short review and in light of some most recent developments, this recent progress, we review several currently active we focus on two specific aspects: novel metabolic functions and research frontiers: deep continental subsurface micro- energy sources. biology, microbial ecology in saline lakes, microbial Some metabolic functions of continental subsurface formation of dolomite, geomicrobiology in dry deserts, microorganisms fossil DNA and its use in recovery of paleoenviron- Because of the unique geochemical, hydrological, and geological mental conditions, and geomicrobiology of oceans. conditions of the deep subsurface, microorganisms from these envi- Throughout this article we emphasize geomicrobiological ronments are different from surface organisms in their metabolic processes in these extreme environments. -
Insights Into Archaeal Evolution and Symbiosis from the Genomes of a Nanoarchaeon and Its Inferred Crenarchaeal Host from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Microbiology Publications and Other Works Microbiology 4-22-2013 Insights into archaeal evolution and symbiosis from the genomes of a nanoarchaeon and its inferred crenarchaeal host from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park Mircea Podar University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Kira S. Makarova National Institutes of Health David E. Graham University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Yuri I. Wolf National Institutes of Health Eugene V. Koonin National Institutes of Health See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_micrpubs Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Biology Direct 2013, 8:9 doi:10.1186/1745-6150-8-9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Microbiology at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Microbiology Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Mircea Podar, Kira S. Makarova, David E. Graham, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin, and Anna-Louise Reysenbach This article is available at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange: https://trace.tennessee.edu/ utk_micrpubs/44 Podar et al. Biology Direct 2013, 8:9 http://www.biology-direct.com/content/8/1/9 RESEARCH Open Access Insights into archaeal evolution and symbiosis from the genomes of a nanoarchaeon and its inferred crenarchaeal host from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park Mircea Podar1,2*, Kira S Makarova3, David E Graham1,2, Yuri I Wolf3, Eugene V Koonin3 and Anna-Louise Reysenbach4 Abstract Background: A single cultured marine organism, Nanoarchaeum equitans, represents the Nanoarchaeota branch of symbiotic Archaea, with a highly reduced genome and unusual features such as multiple split genes. -
Brian W. Waters
INVESTIGATION OF 2-OXOACID OXIDOREDUCTASES IN METHANOCOCCUS MARIPALUDIS AND LARGE-SCALE GROWTH OF M. MARIPALUDIS by BRIAN W. WATERS (Under the direction of Dr. William B. Whitman) ABSTRACT With the emergence of Methanococcus maripaludis as a genetic model for methanogens, it becomes imperative to devise inexpensive yet effective ways to grow large numbers of cells for protein studies. Chapter 2 details methods that were used to cut costs of growing M. maripaludis in large scale. Also, large scale growth under different conditions was explored in order to find the conditions that yield the most cells. Chapter 3 details the phylogenetic analysis of 2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (OR) homologs from M. maripaludis. ORs are enzymes that catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoacids to their acyl-CoA derivatives in many prokaryotes. Also in chapter 3, a specific OR homolog in M. maripaludis, an indolepyruvate oxidoreductase (IOR), was mutagenized, and the mutant was characterized. PCR and Southern hybridization analysis showed gene replacement. A no-growth phenotype on media containing aromatic amino acid derivatives was found. INDEX WORDS: Methanococcus maripaludis, fermentor, 2-oxoacid oxidoreductase, indolepyruvate oxidoreductase INVESTIGATION OF 2-OXOACID OXIDOREDUCTASES IN METHANOCOCCUS MARIPALUDIS AND LARGE-SCALE GROWTH OF M. MARIPALUDIS by BRIAN W. WATERS B.S., The University of Georgia,1999 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2002 © 2002 Brian W. Waters All Rights Reserved INVESTIGATION OF 2-OXOACID OXIDOREDUCTASES IN METHANOCOCCUS MARIPALUDIS AND LARGE-SCALE GROWTH OF M. MARIPALUDIS by BRIAN W. -
Research Article Role of Mn2+ and Compatible Solutes in the Radiation Resistance of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Archaea Volume 2012, Article ID 845756, 11 pages doi:10.1155/2012/845756 Research Article Role of Mn2+ and Compatible Solutes in the Radiation Resistance of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea Kimberly M. Webb and Jocelyne DiRuggiero Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Jocelyne DiRuggiero, [email protected] Received 25 July 2012; Revised 18 September 2012; Accepted 13 October 2012 Academic Editor: Yoshizumi Ishino Copyright © 2012 K. M. Webb and J. DiRuggiero. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Radiation-resistant bacteria have garnered a great deal of attention from scientists seeking to expose the mechanisms underlying their incredible survival abilities. Recent analyses showed that the resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum is dependent upon Mn-antioxidant complexes responsible for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by radiation. Here we examined the role of the compatible solutes trehalose, mannosylglycerate, and di-myo- inositol phosphate in the radiation resistance of aerobic and anaerobic thermophiles. We found that the IR resistance of the thermophilic bacteria Rubrobacter xylanophilus and Rubrobacter radiotolerans was highly correlated to the accumulation of high intracellular concentration of trehalose in association with Mn, supporting the model of Mn2+-dependent ROS scavenging in the aerobes. In contrast, the hyperthermophilic archaea Thermococcus gammatolerans and Pyrococcus furiosus did not contain significant amounts of intracellular Mn, and we found no significant antioxidant activity from mannosylglycerate and di-myo- inositol phosphate in vitro. -
Counts Metabolic Yr10.Pdf
Advanced Review Physiological, metabolic and biotechnological features of extremely thermophilic microorganisms James A. Counts,1 Benjamin M. Zeldes,1 Laura L. Lee,1 Christopher T. Straub,1 Michael W.W. Adams2 and Robert M. Kelly1* The current upper thermal limit for life as we know it is approximately 120C. Microorganisms that grow optimally at temperatures of 75C and above are usu- ally referred to as ‘extreme thermophiles’ and include both bacteria and archaea. For over a century, there has been great scientific curiosity in the basic tenets that support life in thermal biotopes on earth and potentially on other solar bodies. Extreme thermophiles can be aerobes, anaerobes, autotrophs, hetero- trophs, or chemolithotrophs, and are found in diverse environments including shallow marine fissures, deep sea hydrothermal vents, terrestrial hot springs— basically, anywhere there is hot water. Initial efforts to study extreme thermo- philes faced challenges with their isolation from difficult to access locales, pro- blems with their cultivation in laboratories, and lack of molecular tools. Fortunately, because of their relatively small genomes, many extreme thermo- philes were among the first organisms to be sequenced, thereby opening up the application of systems biology-based methods to probe their unique physiologi- cal, metabolic and biotechnological features. The bacterial genera Caldicellulosir- uptor, Thermotoga and Thermus, and the archaea belonging to the orders Thermococcales and Sulfolobales, are among the most studied extreme thermo- philes to date. The recent emergence of genetic tools for many of these organ- isms provides the opportunity to move beyond basic discovery and manipulation to biotechnologically relevant applications of metabolic engineering. -
Tackling the Methanopyrus Kandleri Paradox Céline Brochier*, Patrick Forterre† and Simonetta Gribaldo†
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Open Access Research2004BrochieretVolume al. 5, Issue 3, Article R17 Archaeal phylogeny based on proteins of the transcription and comment translation machineries: tackling the Methanopyrus kandleri paradox Céline Brochier*, Patrick Forterre† and Simonetta Gribaldo† Addresses: *Equipe Phylogénomique, Université Aix-Marseille I, Centre Saint-Charles, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France. †Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, CNRS UMR 8621, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. reviews Correspondence: Céline Brochier. E-mail: [email protected] Published: 26 February 2004 Received: 14 November 2003 Revised: 5 January 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:R17 Accepted: 21 January 2004 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/3/R17 reports © 2004 Brochier et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL. ArchaealPhylogeneticsequencedusingrespectively). two phylogeny concatenated genomes, analysis based it of is datasetsthe now on Archaea proteinspossible consisting has ofto been thetest of transcription alternative mainly14 proteins established approach involv and translationed byes in 16S bytranscription rRNAusing machineries: largesequence andsequence 53comparison.tackling ribosomal datasets. the Methanopyrus Withproteins We theanalyzed accumulation(3,275 archaealkandleri and 6,377 of phyparadox comp positions,logenyletely Abstract deposited research Background: Phylogenetic analysis of the Archaea has been mainly established by 16S rRNA sequence comparison. With the accumulation of completely sequenced genomes, it is now possible to test alternative approaches by using large sequence datasets. -
André Luis Alves Neves 6
Elucidating the role of the rumen microbiome in cattle feed efficiency and its 1 potential as a reservoir for novel enzyme discovery 2 3 by 4 5 André Luis Alves Neves 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of 13 14 15 Doctor of Philosophy 16 17 in 18 19 Animal Science 20 21 22 23 24 25 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science 26 University of Alberta 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 © André Luis Alves Neves, 2019 38 39 40 Abstract 1 2 The rapid advances in omics technologies have led to a tremendous progress in our 3 understanding of the rumen microbiome and its influence on cattle feed efficiency. 4 However, significant gaps remain in the literature concerning the driving forces that 5 influence the relationship between the rumen microbiota and host individual variation, and 6 how their interactive effects on animal productivity contribute to the identification of cattle 7 with improved feed efficiency. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of mRNA- 8 based metatranscriptomics on the analysis of rumen taxonomic profiles, and a strategy 9 for the discovery of lignocellulolytic enzymes through the targeted functional profiling of 10 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) remains to be developed. Study 1 investigated 11 the dynamics of rumen microorganisms in cattle raised under different feeding regimens 12 (forage vs. grain) and studied the relationship among the abundance of these 13 microorganisms, host individuality and the diet. To examine host individual variation in 14 the rumen microbial abundance following dietary switches, hosts were grouped based on 15 the magnitude of microbial population shift using log2-fold change (log2-fc) in the copy 16 numbers of bacteria, archaea, protozoa and fungi. -
Microbial Processes in Oil Fields: Culprits, Problems, and Opportunities
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Applied Microbiology, Vol 66, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From: Noha Youssef, Mostafa S. Elshahed, and Michael J. McInerney, Microbial Processes in Oil Fields: Culprits, Problems, and Opportunities. In Allen I. Laskin, Sima Sariaslani, and Geoffrey M. Gadd, editors: Advances in Applied Microbiology, Vol 66, Burlington: Academic Press, 2009, pp. 141-251. ISBN: 978-0-12-374788-4 © Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. Academic Press. Author's personal copy CHAPTER 6 Microbial Processes in Oil Fields: Culprits, Problems, and Opportunities Noha Youssef, Mostafa S. Elshahed, and Michael J. McInerney1 Contents I. Introduction 142 II. Factors Governing Oil Recovery 144 III. Microbial Ecology of Oil Reservoirs 147 A. Origins of microorganisms recovered from oil reservoirs 147 B. Microorganisms isolated from oil reservoirs 148 C. Culture-independent analysis of microbial communities in oil reservoirs 155 IV.