Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19338-3 — Arabic Thought Against the Authoritarian Age Edited by Jens Hanssen , Max Weiss Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19338-3 — Arabic Thought against the Authoritarian Age Edited by Jens Hanssen , Max Weiss Index More Information

Index

Abbas, Ferhat, 217 Aghani Mihyar al-Dimashqi, 120, 128, ʿAbbas, Kamal, 254 132–6, See also Adonis (ʿAli Saʿid ʿAbbasid Empire, 133–4, 136, 360, 363 Ahmad Isbir) ʿAbd al-Qadir, Emir, 147, 147 ff 12 Ahmad Bey, 204, 208, 210 ʿAbd al-Raziq, ʿAli, 153, 269, 276, 327, al-Ahmadiyya School, 92 330, 361 Ahmed, Leila, 263, 271, 277 Abdel Aziz, Alaa, 350 al-Ahram, 10, 72, 344 Abdel Malek, Anouar, 156–7, 314 al-ʿAlawi, Muhammad Bin al-ʿArabi, 148 ʿAbduh, Muhammad, 146 ff 10, 146, 150 ff ʿAlawis, 28, 118, 377–8 20, 150, 153, 205 ff 10, 205, 235, Aleppo, 135, 189, 191–2 263–5, 267, 269, 269 ff 28, 278, 278 Alexandria, 242–3, 246–8 ff 71, 284, 288 ff 12, 288, 291, 309, Alexandria Confédération Générale du 327–8, 359 Travail, 246 Abou Naddara, 31 Alexandria Tramway Company, 243 Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim, 172, 172 ff 25, 179 Alexandria Transport Authority, 253 Abu Nuwas, 133, 136–7 Algeria, 9 Abu Shuqqa, ʿAbd al-Halim, 262 Algerian Revolution, 4, 9, 27, 39, 102, Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid, 195 ff 60, 195, 105 283, 302 ff 66, 302, 308, 334, 334 ff Communist Party, 211 62, 368 Family Code, 203, 213, 220, 226, 229 L’Action 215, 218, 224–5 feminism in, 205, 229–31 discussion of veiling in, 224–6 French colonization, 147, 207 al-Adab,48–9, 52, 119, 129 veiling, 215–16, 219–20, 224–6 on iltizam (commitment), 49 War of Independence, 214–16, 270 al-Adib, 45, 126 Algerian Communist Party, 209 Adonis Algerian Muslim Congress, 209 inﬂuence of Maʿarri, Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al- on, ʿAli, Khalid, 260 134–6 al-ʿAlim, Mahmud Amin, 32, 49–53, 50 ff Adonis (ʿAli Saʿid Ahmad Isbir), 28 ff 131, 31, 319, See also Fi al-Thaqafa 28 ff 133, 29, 40, 117–21, 122 ff 30, al-misriyya (On Egyptian Culture) 123–36, 127 ff 51, 235, 329 ff 53, on iltizam (commitment), 52 329, 361, 364, 368 Al-Jil Al-Jadid, 223 al-ʿAdsani, Khalid, 92–3 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 248 advertising, 336, 344–5 American University of Beirut (AUB), 9, “Afghan Arabs”, 358 96, 96 ff 36, 116 al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 64, 72, 90, ʿAmil, Mahdi, 5, 55, 312 115, 234, 276, 288, 291, 309, 326, Amin, Galal, 329 359 Amin, Qasim, 93, 205, 233–4, 262–9, Afghanistan, 13–14, 236, 357 272–84, See also Liberation of Woman, ʿAﬂaq, Michel, 22, 192, 362–3 The (Tahrir al-marʾa) (Qasim Amin); Afro-Asian Women’s Conference, 217 New Woman, The (Qasim Amin)

428

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-19338-3 — Arabic Thought against the Authoritarian Age Edited by Jens Hanssen , Max Weiss Index More Information

Index 429

Amin, Samir, 8 ff 36, 8 ʿAsfur, Gaber, 235, 312, 312 ff 2, 330 Amiralay, Omar, 316 ff 11, 322 ff 26 Ashʿarites, 303 ff 70, 305–8, See also ʿAmiri, ʿUmar Bahaʾ al-Din, 192 Muʿtazilites Anglo-Egyptian Convention, 43 Ashkenazi Jews, 62, 70, 77, 81, 83 Anis, ʿAbd al-ʿAzim, 49–53, See also Fi al-Ashtal, ʿAbdallah, 109 al-Thaqafa al-misriyya (On Egyptian Association of Algerian Muslim ʿUlama Culture) (AOMA), 205, See also Ben Badis, on iltizam (commitment), 52 ʿAbd al-Hamid anti-fascism, 4, 21 Association of Arab-American University and anti-Zionism, 71 Graduates (AAUG), 172 anti-Semitism, 25–6, 70–1 al-Aswany, Alaa, 29 anti-Zionism, 26, 67, See also Zionism al-Atrash, Sultan, 31 Antun, Farah, 65, 328 authoritarian secularism, 199, 275 ʿAql, Saʿid, 23 authoritarianism, 6–16, 24 ff 110, 117 al-ʿAqqad, ʿAbbas Mahmud, 41, 47, 54, 58, in Egypt, 233, 241, 255–7 330 and intellectual history, 26 al-Aqsa Intifada, 366 in the postwar Arab Middle East, 16, Arab Cold War, 9, 24 21–6 Arab Left, 9, 14, 22 ff 106, 23 ff 107, 256, in Syria, 27–9, 237 296, 298, 314 in Tunisia, 221–2 Arab nationalism, 10, 25, 39, 42, 48, 66, 87 authoritarian-populism, 10, 251 ff 3, 146, 165, 186, 200 ff 89, 265, ʿAwad, Louis, 271 270, 289–90, 296, See also Arab al-ʿAzm, Sadiq Jalal, 24, 28 ff 133, 29 ff Nationalist Movement (ANM); 135, 195 ff 60, 195, 290, 300, 304, Movement of Arab Nationalists 312, 314–15, 335 ff 63, 364 (MAN) Abdallah Laroui on, 157, 161 Baghdad, 49–50, 63, 65, 73, 78, 92, 97, Abdelkebir Khatibi on, 159 117, 134, 331, 366 in Kuwait, 92–112 Baghdad Pact, 99 Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), 167 Bahr al-ʿUlum, Muhammad Salih, 73 Arab socialism, 9, 21, 39, 101, 107 ff 80, Balkan War, 91 241, 251, 253, 258 Ballas, Shim’on, 39, 63, 71–6, 78 ff 52, 84 Arab Socialist Union (ASU), 23 Bandung Conference, 8–9, 14, 18, 99 Arab uprisings, 6, 22 ff 106, 24, 27–35, 237, al-Banna, Hasan, 64, 189, 239 261, 315 ff 8, 344 and Sibaʿi, Mustafa, 189 Arabic, 359–60 Bardon, Treaty of, 208 Adonis on, 127 Barut, Muhammad Jamal, 120, 194, 329 Iraqi Jews writing in, 39, 62–3, 75–85 Bassiouny, Ahmed, 338 in Israel, 75–6 Baʿthism, 22, 39, 101, 118, 142, 188, 191, and the Israeli Communist Party (ICP), 194, 196–7, 199, 291, 333, 362–3 69 al-Bayati, ʿAbd al-Wahhab, 51, 51 ff 40, 78, translation of Jean-Paul Sartre into, 64 80, 114, 364 Arabic Language Academy, 183 Baydun, ʿAbbas, 49 ff 27, 368 Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939 Beauvoir, Simone de, 217, 270 (Albert Hourani), 6–7, 113, 143–5, Beirut, 10–11, 43, 47–51, 56–7, 92, 146 ff 9, 161, 163–5, 178–80 96–7, 109, 111, 116, 126–8, 137, Arab-Israeli conﬂict, 236 167–8, 179, 246, 265, 325, 338, Arendt, Hannah, 12, 23 364–6 Arkoun, Muhammad, 24, 293 Beiruti modernism, 113–23, See also Shiʿr al-Arsuzi, Zaki, 22, 363 (Poetry) ʿasabiyya, 198 ff 80, 198–9, See also Ibn Bellagha, Aïcha, 221 Khaldun Ben Ammar, Neila, 221–2 al-Asad, Bashar, 28, 34 Ben Ammar, Wassila, 221–2 Asad, Talal, 5, 14, 17–18, 173, 183 ff 9, Ben Badis, ʿAbd al-Hamid, 204 ff 6, 205–7, 188, 271 229

430 Index

Ben Bella, Ahmed, 206, 219–20 Centre for Research, Studies, Ben Brahem, Josette, 224 Documentation and Information on Ben Miled, Nabiha, 211, 223 Women (CREDIF), 204 ff 5 Ben Mrad, Bchira, 210 Chahine, Youssef, 216, 368 Ben Mrad, Mohamed Salah, 210 Charara, Waddah, 163–72, 177–80, 240 Ben-Gurion, David, 68, 75 on capitalism, 171–2 Benjamin, Walter, 30, 126, 312 on fascism in Lebanon, 169–70 Bennabi, Malek, 323 inﬂuence of Ibn Khaldun on, 171–2 Benouniche, Leila, 217 interpretation of the Lebanese Civil War, Bidoun, 337 168–72 Binder, Leonard, 234 membership in French Communist Bint al-Shatiʾ (ʿAʾisha ʿAbd al-Rahman), Party, 167 265, 270 on Phalangists, 169–70 Bishara, ʿAzmi, 32 on sectarianism, 172 al-Bitar, Salah al-Din, 192 on sectarianism in the Lebanese Civil Bitat, Rabah, 223 War, 169 Bombay, 90–2 Chatterjee, Partha, 187 ff 19, 323 ff 32 Bouazizi, Mohamed, 336 Chelhod, Joseph, 323 Bouazza, Djamila, 216 Chentouf, Mamia, 211, 217, 222, 229–30 Bouhired, Djamila, 102, 216, 218, 222–3 Cohen, Avraham, 71 Boumediene, Houari, 220, 223 Cohen, Eliyahu, 70 Boupacha, Djamila, 216, 218 ff 60, 223 Cold War, 6, 8–9, 12, 27, 87 ff 3, 121, 235, Bourguiba, Habib, 203–4, 204 ff 5, 206–7, 340, 352, 357 209, 211–14, 218, 221–3, 225, College of Fine Arts (Cairo), 343 227 Collingwood, R.G. (Robin George), 17 and interpretations of shariʿa, 204–6 colonial feminism, 216, 263–4 Bouteﬂika, Abdelaziz, 230 and Amin, Qasim, 267–9 Bouzid, Dorra, 214, 224–5 Cominform, 9 Bretton Woods, 8 Comintern, 246–7 British Mandate (Palestine), 26, 67 Communism Brown, Wendy, 279 Algerian Communist Party, 211 al-Bustani, Butrus, 321, 359 Arab world, 8 ff 38 al-Bustani, Salim, 359 Egyptian Communist Party, 10, 246–7, 250, 253 Cairo, 6, 10–11, 20, 30–1, 43, 51, 57, 92, French Communist Party, 167, 210 116–17, 150, 152, 164, 189, 194, Hungary, 148 ff 15 213, 217, 242–4, 246, 253, 260, 262, Iraqi Communist Party, 66 279, 317, 331, 338, 341–2, 344, 351, Lebanese Communist Party, 50, 52 ff 44, 366 168 Cairo Biennial, 343 Palestinian Communists, 69 ff 17 Cairo Opera House, 350 Syrian Communist Party, 101, 191 Cairo Palace of Fine Arts, 338 Tunisian Communist Party, 211 Cairo School of Languages, 320 Congress of Cultural Freedom, 9 Cairo Tramway Workers Union, 244–6 Connolly, James, 248 Cairo University, 265, 276, 286 constitutionalism, 144 Camp David Accords, 274, 314 in Morocco, 149 capitalism, 5, 8, 171–2, 211, 239, 325 in the Nahda, 21 and colonial development, 239, 242 in Syria, 189 and neoliberalism, 241, 251 in the Syrian revolution, 15 Casablanca, 143, 154 in Tunisia, 206 Casanova, Pascal, 122, 129–30 contextualism, 16–17, 34, 88, See also Cénacle Libanais, 122 ff 29, 122, 129 Skinner, Quentin Center for Trade Union and Workers’ Cooper, Frederick, 2 Services (CTUWS), 254 cosmopolitanism Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 9, 241 and literary modernism, 115–16, 125

Index 431

critique General Egyptian Book Organization, and the Naksa, 141 350 critique of secularism July 1952 coup in, 39, 291 ff 26, 291, and secular criticism, 5 318 crony capitalism, 241, 251 labor movement, 240–2, 245, 248–9 in Alexandria, 247 al-Dad, 191 legal reform, 250 Damascus, 31, 113, 131, 183, 189, 191–2, National Library and Archives, 350 194, 312, 316–17, 325, 331, 358, neoliberalism, 257 360, 366, 378, See also “Nakbat non-governmental organizations Dimashq” (NGOs), 254–6 Damascus Institute of Drama, 317 Unified Labor Law (2003), 255 Damascus University, 97, 183, 191, 193, Egyptian Movement for Change, See Kifaya 197 (Egyptian Movement for Change) Faculty of Law, 183 Egyptian Socialist Party, 246 Faculty of Shariʿa, 190 Egyptian Trade Union Federation (ETUF), Darraj, Faysal, 235, 312–13, 312 ff 2, 315 ff 251, 253, 255 8, 315–16, 316 ff 10, 322, 325–34 El Attar, Ahmed, 351 on capitalism, 325 El Moudjahid, 225 on Husayn, Taha, 329–31 ElBaradei, Mohamed, 260 Darwish, Mahmoud, 34, 114, 129 ff 59, elegy, 130 ff 63, 131 ff 65 132, 364, 368 and poetic modernism in Adonis, 136 decolonization, 7, 39, 42–4, 58–60, 160, Eliot, T.S. (Thomas Stearns), 117, 135 165, 171, 177, 313 translation of St. John Perse, 125–6 deconstruction, 293, 330 ff 57 Enlightenment, 3, 6, 21–2, 37, 45, 49, democracy 240, 270, 325, 362, See also Nahda; Elias Khoury on, 367, 369 tanwir and liberalization in Egypt, 256–7 ʿAbd al-Rahman Munif on, 332 Muhammad Jalal Kishk on, 275–6 Faysal Darraj on, 325–31 in Qadaya wa-shahadat, 275–6 Mahmud Amin al-ʿAlim and ʿAbd Yassin al-Haj Saleh on, 378–9 al-ʿAzim Anis on, 51 Destour party, 206, 209 Munif, ʿAbd al-Rahman on, 331–2 diaspora, 3, 35, 69–70, 75, 140, 179 Qasim Amin on, 284 Dinshawai incident, 243 Saadallah Wannous on, 317–20 Djeffal, Saliha, 224 Taha Husayn on, 44–5, 317–20 Drif, Zohra, 217, 222–3, 226–7 Etoile Nord Africaine (ENA), 210 Durel, Joachim, 209 Eurocentrism Durkheim, Émile, 170, 192 and Enlightenment, 51, 325 and global intellectual history, 2–6 Eastern Economic Association for Cigarette and modern intellectual history, 1 Rollers in Egypt (al-Jamʿiyya existentialism al-Iqtisadiyya al-Sharqiyya li-ʿUmmal in al-Adab,48 al-Lafaʾif bi-Misr), 243 and iltizam,43 economic liberalization, See also infitah influence on ʿAbbas Mahmud al-ʿAqqad, in Egypt, 254, 256–7, 264 47 Economic Restructuring and Structural influence on al-Adab,10 Adjustment Program (ERSAP), 255, influence on Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, 48 See also International Monetary influence on Suhayl Idris, 47 Fund (IMF) influence on Taha Husayn, 38 effendiyya, 66, 239, 242–3 influence on Salama Musa, 47 Egypt and Jean-Paul Sartre’s concept of authoritarianism, 233, 241, 251, 257 commitment, 46 “bread riots” against IMF-inspired rejection of by Mahmud Amin al-ʿAlim austerity (1977), 252–3 and ʿAbd al-ʿAzim Anis, 52 Communist Party, 10, 246–7, 250, 253 and socialist realism, 59–60

432 Index

Fahmi, ʿAbd al-Rahman, 248 Jürgen Habermas on, 271–4 Fairuz, 358, 364 and liberalism, 267 family law Muhammad ʿImara on, 281–2 in Algeria, 208 Muhammad Jalal Kishk on, 271, 275 in Tunisia, 203, 212 in the Nahda, 21 Fanon, Frantz, 18, 159, 216, 312, 324 Saadallah Wannous on, 322 Farid, Muhammad, 242–4 Talal Asad on, 5 fascism, 22 ff 103, 38, 66, 71, 75 ff 37 Yassin al-Haj Saleh on, 379 and anti-Semitism, 71 Freedom in the Muslim Family (Al-Hurriya fi and anti-Zionism, 74–5 al-usra al-muslima) (Muhammad and the Lebanese Phalange, 169–70 Jalal Kishk), 266, 268–76 and narratives of an illiberal Arab Middle French Mandate (Syria), 183, 188 East, 25–6 Friedman, Milton, 241 and Young Egypt, 250 Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), 206, and Zionism, 74–5 210–11, 213, 215–18, 218 ff 59, 222, Fayyad, Salam, 23 224, 230 feminism, See also colonial feminism; state role of women in, 215–16, 219–20, 225–6 feminism Fuʾad, King, 249 in Algeria, 205, 228–31 Future of Culture in Egypt, The (Mustaqbal and critiques of liberalism, 266 al-thaqafa fi Misr) (Taha Husayn), in Tunisia, 228–31 43–5, 50 Fez, 148 Fi al-Thaqafa al-Misriyya (On Egyptian Gaddafi, Muammar, 10, 14 Culture), See On Egyptian Culture Gallagher, Charles F., 145 (Fi al-thaqafa al-misriyya) (Mahmud Ganzeer, 31 ff 144, 31 Amin al-ʿAlim and ʿAbd al-ʿAzim Ghalioun, Burhan, 182, 197–201, 329, 374 Anis) on ʿasabiyya, 198–9 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 25, 292 al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid, 297 ff 49, 303 ff 70 Filature Nationale, La, 247 al-Ghazali, Muhammad, 262 fiqh (jurisprudence), 268, 278, 288 ff 12 al-Ghazali, Zaynab, 22, 277 First Gulf War (1990–1991), 14 Ghazl al-Mahalla, 249, 252–3, See also Misr Foucault, Michel, 18, 266 Spinning and Weaving Company Discipline and Punish, 174–5 Gibb, H.A.R. (Hamilton Alexander influence on Edward Said, 160, 173–6 Rosskeen), 151, 152 ff 24 Fouda, Farag, 323 ff 34 Gibran, Gibran Khalil, 113, 124, 359–61, France 368 1968 in, 4 Gide, André, 45 colonization of Algeria, 208 global intellectual history Communist Party, 167, 210 and the modern Middle East, 1–16 and the Suez War, 68 and the problematic of modernity, 2–3 Free Officers’ coup, 291 “Global War on Terror”,14–15 Free Officers’ Movement, 39, 99, 250, 291 globalization, 3 ff 11, 241, 330 ff 57 ff 26, 318, 362, See also Nasser, in the early-twentieth century, 240–4 Gamal Abdel and modern intellectual history, 2–3 Free Verse Movement, 28 Gramsci, Antonio, 25, 174, 269, 366 and al-Adab,48 influence on Said, Edward, 174 and Iraqi Jewish Communists, 77 Griaule, Marcel, 191 and meter, 115 Grunebaum, Gustave von, 157–8, 160 freedom Guha, Ranajit, 156, 160 Bu ʿAli Yasin on, 195–6 Gulf states, 8, 10, 39, 87 ff 3 Elias Khoury on, 369 Faysal Darraj on, 329 Habash, George, 9, 96, 108 Hannah Arendt on, 23 Habermas, Jürgen, 22, 275, 275 ff 57 Hassan Hanafi on, 307 Habibi, Emile, 39, 62–3, 73–5, 83, 240, 368 Jean-Paul Sartre on, 47 on transit camps in Israel, 74–5

Index 433

Haddad, Radhia, 221 ff 70, 221 Herut (Freedom) Party, 74–5 Haddad, Tahar, 204–7, 204 ff 5, 204 ff 6, Histadrut, 68 210, 229, See also Our Woman in the historicism, 5, 158 shariʿa and Society (Imraʾatuna fi Abdallah Laroui on, 11, 153–4, 156–60 al-shariʿa wa-l-mujtamaʿ) Abdelkebir Khatibi on, 160 Haddad, Wadie, 96, 108 Hitler, Adolf, 26, 75, 75 ff 37 hadith, 268, 281 Holocaust, 26, 80 Hadj, Messali, 210–11, See also Etoile Nord Homs, 30, 103, 189, 197, 378 Africaine (ENA) Hourani, Albert, 6–17, 7 ff 32, 17 ff 81, 22, Hadj Ali, Lucette, 211, 223–4, See also 37–8, 42–3, 61, 92, 113, 143–5, 146 Larribère, Lucette ff 9, 146 ff 10, 161–6, 177–80, 185 ff al-Hafiz, Yasin, 11 12, 206, 233, 263, See also Arabic Haifa, 62–3, 77, 82–3 Thought in the Liberal Age, Haj Saleh, Yassin al-, 33–4 1798–1939 (Albert Hourani) al-Haj, Unsi, 124, 129, 364 human agency, 54, 140, 157, 161, 207, 299, al-Hakim, Tawfiq, 41, 51, 54, 58 305, 323, 326 Halim, Prince ʿAbbas, 248–9, 248 ff 23 Husayn, ʿAdil, 326 Halimi, Gisèle, 217 Husayn, Luʾayy, 200 Hama, 103, 189, 358, 371 Husayn, Muhammad al-Khidr, 283 Hammam, Nermine, 341 Husayn, Muhammad Kamil, 245–6 Hanafi, Hassan, 234–5, 283, 285–310, 292 Husayn, Rashid, 81 ff 34, 326, 329 Husayn, Taha, 38, 41, 43–7, 46 ff 13, critique and turath, 287–309 49–52, 54, 56–8, 86, 120, 150, 235, critique of Arab Marxism, 290–3 286, 312, 317–20, 328–31, 368 critique of turath, 300–9 al-Husayni, Amin, 26, 94 and critiques of Orientalism, 287 Husri, Satiʿ, 97, 100, 113, 328 on phenomenological hermeneutics, 301, Hussein, Saddam, 10 310 Husserl, Edmund, 286–7 reinterpretation of Islamic theology, 294–5, 305–9 Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, Muhammad, 147 Harari Brothers, 47, 47 ff 18 Ibn Abi Diyaf, Ahmad, 204 Harb, ʿAli, 330 ff 57 Ibn Khaldun, 12, 141, 171 ff 20, 183, 192, Harb, Talʿat, 249 198, 323, 323 ff 31 Harbi, Mohamed, 211–12 influence on Charara, Waddah, 171–2 Hasan, Najat Qassab, 190 ff 36 Ibn Manzur, 192 al-Hasani, Badr al-Din, 192 Ibrahim, Saʿd al-Din, 24, 37 Hassan, Rosa Yassin, 33–4, 237, 370–3, Ibrahim, Sonallah, 29, 312, 368 375 Idealism, 21, 54–5, 55 ff 59 Hawatmeh, Nayef, 108–9 Idris, Suhayl, 10, 47–9, 52, 56–7, 119 Hawwa, Saʿid, 22 on iltizam (commitment), 48 Haykal, Muhammad Hasanayn, 10, 24 iltizam (commitment), 47–9, 52, 55–6, 64, Haykal, Muhammad Husayn, 58, 144, See also socialist realism; 150–2, 152 ff 24, 154–5, 161, 192 existentialism; Sartre, Jean-Paul on Gibb, H.A.R. (Hamilton Alexander and Iraqi Jewish writers in Israel, 75–84 Rosskeen), 151 and modernist poetry, 114, 120 Hebrew Imam, Adel, 350 and Iraqi Jews, 67, 75–6, 80 al-Iman, 98, 100 Iraqi Jews writing in, 39 ʿImara, Muhammad, 262, 264–6, 268, 271, revival of, 63 278 ff 71, 282–4, 292 ff 34, 329, Hegel, G.W.F. (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich), See also Haddad, Tahar 25, 158, 292 on Islamic law, 276–82 Helwan, 252, 254 on Jihan’s Law, 279–82 heritage, See turath and liberalism, 279 Heritage and Renewal Project (HRP), 287 Importance of Being Arab, The (Ahmed El hermeneutics, 5, 16, 19, 143, 286, 295 Attar), 351

434 Index

Imruʾ al-Qays, 360 Israel India, 91, 156, 208 ff 23 transit camps, 67–70, 72, 74–5, 77, 81–4 Indian Ocean, 88, 90, 90 ff 14 Israeli Communist Party (ICP), 63, 67–74, Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 69 ff 17, 81 248 Hebrew-language publications, 69–70 infitah, 11, 251, 264–5, 290 al-Ittihad,69–70, 74, 78, 81 International Labor Office (ILO), 250 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 12 Jabal ʿAmil, 49 and austerity in Egypt, 12, 252, 264 Jaber, Hala, 187 orientation of Gamal Abdel Nasser al-Jabiri, Muhammad ʿAbid, 11, 14, 24, towards, 251 139, 144–50, 146 ff 9, 147 ff 12, 148 and Structural Adjustment Programs, 13, ff 14, 152, 160, 289–90, 292, 254–5, 313 307–10, 329 Iran on the Nahda, 145–50 influence in Kuwait, 100–1 on turath, 289–90, 307–9 Iranian Revolution (1978–1979), 12 Jabra, Jabra Ibrahim, 364, 368 Saqqakhaneh (spiritual pop art), 339 al-Jadid, 69, 76–8, 84 Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), 13 James, C.L.R., 18–19, 160 Iraq, 9, 59 ff 86, 89 ff 11 influence on Scott, David, 18–19 anticommunism of Nuri al-Saʿid, 72 Jameson, Frederic, 121, 312 anticommunism under Nuri al-Saʿid, Jamʿiyyat al-Shubban al-Muslimin (Society 75 of Muslim Youth), 189, See also anti-Semitism under Nuri al-Saʿid, Muslim Brotherhood, in Syria 75 Jawish, ʿAbd al-ʿAziz, 269 ff 28, 269 claims to Kuwait, 104 Jerusalem, 65, 92, 94 Communist Party, 66 Jeune Afrique, 219 invasion of Kuwait (1990), 14 Jewish Agency, 68, 81–2 Jews Jihan’s Law, 265, 274, 279–80, See also in the twentieth century, 66 Sadat, Jihan relations with the Gulf, 93 July Revolution, 45, See also Free Officers’ 1958 Revolution, 78 Movement; Nasser, Gamal Abdel Wathba, 72 Jumblat, Kamal, 23 Iraq War (2003), 14, 259, 371 al-Jumhuriya, 41, 50, 72 Iraqi Communist Party, 66 Iraqi Jewish Communists, 62–85 Kafr al-Dawwar, 253 Iraqi Jews Kafr Qasim, 78–80, 131–2 Communism, 62–85 Kamal, Prince Yusuf, 343 immigration to Israel, 62–85 Kamil, Mustafa, 244, 246 Isbir, ʿAli Saʿid Ahmad, See Adonis Kanafani, Ghassan, 27, 63, 83–4, 312, 364, Islamic law, See shariʿa 368 Islamic Left, 23, 296, 309 and Michael, Sami, 83–4 Islamic modernism, 38, 91 ff 19, 91, 234, Kaplan, Robert D., 185 268, 287, 309 Karouine University, 148 Islamic populism, 189 al-Katib al-Misri,45–7, See also Husayn, Islamic revival (al-sahwa al-islamiyya), 10, Taha 178, 234, 255, 265–7, 266 ff 11, 271, al-Kawakibi, ʿAbd al-Rahman, 276, 326–7 273, 279–80, 282–3, 292 Kazim, Safinaz, 269–70 Islamic Socialist Front, 192 Kennedy, John F., 221 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Kerr, Malcolm, 9, 91 ff 19, 107 ff 78 15–16 al-Khal, Yusuf, 119, 121, 125–7, 137, 364, Islamic theology, 303 ff 70, See also See also Shiʿr (Poetry) Ashʿarites; Muʿtazalites on “anti-isolationism”, 123 Islamism, 10, 64, 150, 220, 275, 292, 295 ff and the Cénacle Libanais, 122, 129 43, 297 ff 52, 314, 323 and the qasidat al-nathr (prose poem), 125 Islamofascism, 25 and Shiʿr (Poetry), 117–18

Index 435

and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party Lebanese National Movement (LNM), (SSNP), 118 168–9 and Shiʿr (Poetry), 117–18 Lebanon translation of Ezra Pound, 123 Communist Party, 50, 52 ff 44, 168 Khaled, Amr, 350 Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 192 Khamissi, Khaled, 258, 261 Liberal Constitutionalist Party, 245 Khan, Hassan, 352 Liberalism, 22 ff 103, 44, 85, 267 al-Khatib, Ahmad, 39–40, 87–9, 94–112, Abdallah Laroui on, 158 See also Movement of Arab critiques of, 22, 239–40 Nationalists (MAN) and modern Middle East history, 20–6 al-Khatib, Moaz, 201 and modern Arab intellectual history, 22, Khatibi, Abdelkebir, 139, 143, 159–60 37–8 Khayr al-Din al-Tunisi, 204 ff 4, 204, 320–1 and the Movement of Arab Nationalists Khomeini, Ruhollah, 12 (MAN), 106–7 Khoury, Elias, 32, 235–6, 240, 314 Muhammad ʿImara on, 278–80 al-Khubayzi, Wadha, 95 Muhammad Jalal Kishk on, 272–6 Khuri, Raʾif, 363 Liberation of Woman, The (Tahrir al-marʾa) Kifaya (Egyptian Movement for Change), (Qasim Amin), 234, 262–3, 267–9, 259–60 274, 276–81, 278 ff 71, See also Kilito, Abdelfatah, 143 Amin, Qasim Kishk, Muhammad Jalal, 263–6, 268–76, Ligue des Employés du Caire, 243 283 Local Coordinating Committees (LCCs), on gender and personal status law, 271–4 15 on Islamic law, 269–76 Lukács, György, 21, 148 ff 15 on Islamic revolution, 269–71 Lutfi al-Sayyid, Ahmad, 286 on Jihan’s Law, 274–6 and liberalism, 279 M’Rabet, Fadéla, 219, 228 on Qasim Amin, 268–9 ma’abara (pl. ma’abarot), See Israel, transit Knesset (Israeli Parliament), 70, 73–4, 81–2 camps Kol Ha-’Am (The Voice of the People), 68–9, al-Maʿarri, Abu al-ʿAlāʾ, 135 ff 76, 136 ff 72, 74, See also Israeli Communist 77, 137, 192 Party (ICP) influence on Adonis, 134–6 Koselleck, Reinhart, 14, 20 MacIntyre, Alasdair, 288–9 Kuwait, 89 ff 11 MacLeish, Archibald, 122–3, 123 ff 34, 123 Arab Nationalism in, 92–112 ff 33, 126, 126 ff 45 Islamic reformism in, 89–92 al-Maʿddawi, Anwar, 47, 47 ff 15 Movement of Arab Nationalists (MAN) Maghrib, 159, 213, 335 in, 88–9, 104–10 Abdallah Laroui on, 154–5 Muhammad ʿAbid al-Jabiri on, 146–50 Labonne, Eirik, 210 Mahalla al-Kubra, 249, See also Misr Laroui, Abdallah Spinning and Weaving Company; and critiques of Orientalism, 162 Ghazl al-Mahalla on Grunebaum, Gustave von, 157–8 Mahir, Ahmad, 260–1 Larribère, Lucette, 211, See also Hadj Ali, MAKI (Ha-Miflaga Ha-Kumunistit Lucette Ha-Yisraelit), 67, See also Israeli Latin Quarter, The (al-Hayy al-Latini) Communist Party (ICP) (Suhayl Idiris), 47 Maklad, Shahenda, 24, 31 Lazreg, Marnia, 205 Maksoud, Clovis, 20, 24 League for Combating Zionism (ʿUsbat al-Malaʾika, Nazik, 48, 115, 124–5, 128 mukafahat al-sahyuniyya), 66, 71 Malik, Charles, 22 League of Arab States, 23, 279 al-Manar, 65, 90, 205 Lebanese Civil War, 12, 32, 235, 365 Mandate System, The, 20, 313 influence on Waddah Charara, 167 Mannheim, Karl, 195 interpretation by Waddah Charara, MAPAI (Mifleget Po’aley Eretz Yisrael), 168–72 68–9, 74–5

436 Index

Maqdisi, Antun, 322 Husayn Muruwwa in, 53 Margaret Thatcher, 12 Husyn Muruwwah in, 50 Mariátegui, 154 Mosireen, 351 Marsa Convention, 208 Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Marsot, Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid, 241 Liberties (MTLD), 211 Marx, Karl, 12, 25, 166, 175, 195 Movement of Arab Nationalists (MAN), 9, in Syrian social thought, 194 23, 40, 86–112 in the thought of Edward Said, 176–7 in Kuwait, 88–9, 104–10 Masasit Mati, 31 Moyn, Samuel, 2 Maschino, Maurice Tarik, 228 al-Muʿadhdhabun fi al-ard (Taha Husayn), Mauss, Marcel, 192 44 al-Mdairis, Falah, 87 Mubarak, Gamal, 259–60 Meaning of the Disaster, The (Maʿna al- Mubarak, Husni, 34, 233, 241, 251, 253–7, nakba) (Constantine Zurayk), 362 261, 281, 283, 285, 336, 338, 341, Mecca, 13 344, 350, 353 Mehmet Ali Pasha, 320, 362–3 relationship to the workers’ movement, Menchari, Habiba, 209 253–60 Mernissi, Fatima, 143 al-Mubarak, Muhammad, 192–4, 197 Mestiri, Ahmed, 212 al-Mubarakiyya School, 90–1, 95 Meynier, Gilbert, 218 al Munadil al-Thawri, 100 Michael, Sami, 39, 63, 69, 71–2, 75–7, Munif, ʿAbd al-Rahman, 86–7, 235, 312, 81–4 322, 332, 334, 368 and Kol Ha-’Am,72 on Enlightenment, 331–2 Middle East Studies Association (MESA), on Qadaya wa-shahadat, 315–16 172–3 Muruwwa, Husayn, 49–55, 58–9, 78, 120, Milbank, John, 181 312 militarocracy, 240, 364, 369 Musa, Salama, 45, 47 ff 16, 47, 58, 153, minorities, 185 ff 12 239, 246, 329–30 Bashar al-Asad on, 181 Muslim Brotherhood, 10, 23, 152 and the “mosaic model”, 185, 197 in Egypt, 257, 259–60, 350 and sectarianism, 184 and the Egyptian Revolution, 285 in Syria, 193 in Syria, 182, 189–90, 192, 201 Misr Spinning and Weaving Company, al-Mutanabbi, 360–1 249, See also Ghazl al-Mahalla Muʿtazilites, 303 ff 70, 307 ff 89, 307–8 modernism, 40, 113–37, 123 ff 34 modernity, See also Nahda Nahda, 6 ff 28, 6, 20–2, 33, 37–8, 43, 45, Hassan Hanafi on, 287–90 59, 115, 144, 265–6, 276, 315 ff 7 and modern Arab intellectual history, Abdallah Laroui on, 145–54, 160 20–2, 25 and Qadaya wa-shahadat, 311–35 and modernism, 137 Muhammad ʿImara on, 284 Muhammad Jalal Kishk on, 270 Najaf, 49, 71 and the Nahda, 7, 329 Nakadi, ʿArif, 183 ff 9, 191 and poetry, 40 Nakba, 7–10, 20, 32, 34, 37, 39, 84, 96, and turath, 309–10 111, 116, 139, 358, 366 Mohammad V, 97 “Nakbat Dimashq”, 113, 131, See also Moll, Yasmine, 350 Shawqi, Ahmad Montreux Convention, 43 Naksa, 10, 108, 140, 146 ff 9, 330, See also Morocco, 19 Six-Day War; 1967 War family law code, 212 Nasif, Malak Hifni, 277 and modern Arab intellectual history, Nasr Automotive Company, 253 143–62 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 10, 20 ff 94, 34, Morsi, Mohamed, 285 ff 2, 350 101–2, 104, 107 ff 80, 107, 107 ff 78, “mosaic model”, 184–6, 185 ff 12, 188, 116, 152, 168, 233, 290, 323, 343, 197 361, 363–4 Moscow, 50 criticism of by Shim’on Ballas, 72

Index 437

Darraj, Faysal on, 330 Palestine, See also Nakba effect on Ahmad al-Khatib, 98–9 British Mandate (1920–1948), 26, 67 and family planning initiatives, 264 Palestinian Revolt (1936–1939), 93–4 influence in the Gulf, 98–9 in the thought of the Movement of Arab and the nationalization of the Suez canal, Nationalists (MAN), 108–10 10 Palestine National Council, 172, 179 and pan-Arab nationalism, 39 Palestinian Intifada, 13, 259, 343, 358–9, and personal status law, 271–2 366, 369 and Taha Husayn, 319 Pan-Islamism, 65, 291 and the workers’ movement, 250–1 Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA), 210 Nationalist Party (Egypt), 92, 243–7 Perse, St.-John, 117, 126 ff 43, 126 ff 50, al-Nazif, Ahmad, 23 126 ff 50, 128 ff 57, 137 negation of exile (shelilat ha-galut), 63, 70 in Shiʿir (Poetry), 125–9 Neo-Destour party, 206, 209–11, 213, translation of by Adonis, 125–9 225 Phalangists, 169–70 neoliberalism phenomenology, 286, 292–3, 296, 299 in Egypt, 257 Picasso, Pablo, 217 ff 53, 217 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 26, 344 polygamy, 203–5, 212, 220, 234, 277, New Woman, The (Qasim Amin), 234, 263, 280 268, See also Amin, Qasim Popular Committee to Support the Nigm, Ahmad Fuʾad, 30–1 Palestinian Intifada, 259 Noiriel, Gérard, 186 Popular Front for the Liberation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Palestine (PFLP), 96, 109 in Egypt, 254–6 populism, 107 ff 78 Nôomane, Chadlia, 210 Port Said, 101–2, 242 Nôomane, Mohamed, 209 postcolonialism, 5, 7, 7 ff 34, 18 ff 83, 18, 26, 34–5, 145, 154, 166 Obama, Barack, 344 Abdallah Laroui and, 159–61 Occidentalism, 287 David Scott on, 17–19 October 1973 War, 365 and liberalism, 38 “October Working Paper”, 251 postwar, the, 26 On Egyptian Culture (Fi al-thaqafa Pound, Ezra, 117, 123, 123 ff 34, 127 al-misriyya) (Mahmud Amin problem-space (David Scott), 4, 16–19, 35, al-ʿAlim and ʿAbd al-ʿAzim Anis), 165 ff 9, 165, 177, 309 49–54, 319 prose poem (qasidat al-nathr), 123–9 On Pre-Islamic Poetry (Fi al-shiʿr al-jahili) and Unsi al-Haj, 129 (Taha Husayn), 318, 362 Provisional Government of the Algerian Operation Desert Storm, 14, 358 Republic (GPRA), 217 Organization for Communist Action in Lebanon (OCAL), 168 Qadaya Adabiyya (Husayn Muruwwa), 53 Organization of Communist Action in Qadaya wa-shahadat, 235, 311–35, See also Lebanon (OCAL), 167–8 Wannous, Saadallah; Darraj, Faysal; Orientalism, 4–5, 19, 28 ff 133, 141, 150–2, Munif, ʿAbd al-Rahman 178, 263, 288–9 al-,Qanaʿi, Sheikh Yusuf bin ʿIsa, 91 Orientalism (Edward Said), 7 ff 34, 154, Qaradawi, Yusuf, 262 160–1, 166, 172–7 Qasim, ʿAbd al-Karim, 78 Ottoman Empire, 65, 88, 90, 92, 111, 185, al-Qatami, Jasim, 99, 103–5, 106 ff 73 313, 321 Qu’est-ce que la littérature? (Jean-Paul influence in North Africa, 146–7 Sartre), 46 Ottomanism, 65, 91, 111 Qurʾan, 212, 220, 268, 274, 277, 281, 283, Our Woman in the shariʿa and Society 287–8, 301, 305, 318, 323, 339, (Imraʾatuna fi al-shariʿa wa-l- See also tafsir (Qurʾanic exegesis) mujtamaʿ), 204–5, See also Haddad, Qutb, Sayyid, 64, 152, 281–3, 282 ff 87, Tahar 297 ff 52, 323–4 Owen, Roger, 173 al-Quwwatli, Shukri, 31

438 Index

Raad, Walid, 339 salafism, 13, 189 Rahal, Djamila, 217 Abdallah Laroui on, 158 ready-made art, See also Revolution Art in Algeria, 229 and the Egyptian Revolution, 342, 345, in Egypt, 285 351 in Morocco, 148–50 Reagan, Ronald, 12 al-Salim, ʿAbdallah, 105 religion Salon de Shabab, 343 in Algeria, 206 al-Sanhuri, ʿAbd al-Razzaq, 104 Hassan Hanafi on, 300–5 Sanuʿ,Yaʿqub, 65 in modern Syria, 189–202 Sartori, Andrew, 2 Muhammad ʿAbid al-Jabiri on, 309 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 46 ff 15, 64 ff 4 Muhammad ʿImara on, 277–82 and commitment, 27, 60 Muhammad Jalal Kishk on, 277–82 influence on Arab intellectuals, 46–9, 64, Waddah Charara on, 169–70 76, 114 Return to Haifa (ʿAʾid ila Hayfa) (Ghassan influence on Suhayl Idris, 10 Kanafani), 63 influence on Taha Husayn, 46 Revolution africaine, 212 Sassi, Saïda, 221 Ricoeur, Paul, 286 Saudi Arabia, 10, 13, 251, 331 Rida, Rashid, 64–5, 90–2, 91 ff 19, 113, war against Yemen, 14 205–6, 205 ff 10, 263, 269 ff 28, Sawt al-ʿArab, 99 269 Sawt al-ʿArab (Voice of the Arabs), 84, 98, influence on Ben Badis, ʿAbd al-Hamid, 102–3, See also Nasser, Gamal Abdel 206 al-Sayyab, Badr Shakir, 48, 77–8, 364, 368 al-Rihani, Ameen, 124, 326 Scott, David, 325 al-Risala, 45, 57 on postcolonialism, 17–19 Rosenthal, Joseph, 246–7 sectarianism, 324, 360, 366, 373, See also secularism; religion Saʿada, Antun, 118–21, See also Syrian Bu ʿAli Yasin on, 195–6 Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) Burhan Ghalioun on, 197–200 al-Sabah, Ahmad Jaber, 95 discussion of by Iraqi Jewish intellectuals Sabah, Sheikh Abdullah al-Jaber, 99 in Israel, 72 al-Sabah, Sheikh Mubarak, 90 in the Lebanese Civil War, 169 al-Sabah Dynasty, 95, 103 Waddah Charara on, 166–72 al-Sadat, Anwar, 11–12, 34, 233, 241, 271, in Lebanon, 5, 12 283, 330, 364, See also infitah Luʾayy Husayn on, 200 and family planning initiatives, 264 and “minorities”, 187 and infitah,11–12, 290 and the “mosaic model”, 184–6 and neoliberalism, 251–3 Muhammad al-Mubarak on, 193 and personal status law, 264–5, 274 in Syria, 29 ff 136, 33, 141–2, 181–3, 185 and women’s rights, 264–5 ff 13, 200–2 and the workers’ movement, 251–3 Mustafa al-Sibaʿi on, 190–1 al-Sadat, Jihan, 265, 274, 279–80 and the secular modern, 187–8 Safar Khan Gallery, 342 secular Said, Edward, 4–5, 7 ff 34, 7, 12, 26, 28 ff Hassan Hanafi on, 298 133, 60 ff 89, 64, 140–1, 144, 148 ff secular criticism (Edward Said), 5 15, 154, 156–7, 159–61, 165–6, secularism, 5, 19, 21–2, 188 ff 24, See also 172–80, 312, 368 sectarianism; religion and critiques of Orientalism, 172–7 Bu ʿAli Yasin on, 196–7 influence of Gramsci on, 174 Burhan Ghalioun on, 197–200 influence of Michel Foucault on, 160, Hassan Hanafi on, 291–5 173–6 and the Islamic revival, 283–4 Said, Mona, 342 and liberalism, 263, 266 Saʿid, Nuri, 75 Muhammad ʿImara on, 281–2 al-Saʿid, Nuri, 71–2, 74, 99 Muhammad Jalal Kishk on, 274–5 Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 45 Mustafa al-Sibaʿi on, 190–1

Index 439

and Qasim Amin, 267–8 al-Sibaʿi, Mustafa, 22, 182, 189–93, See also and shariʿa, 263 Muslim Brotherhood, in Syria in Syria, 141–2, 181–2, 186–8, 201–2 Sidqi, Ismaʿil, 249–50 and the state, 199, 265–6, 272, 275, 279, Six-Day War, 292, 304, 314, 330, See also 284 1967 War state secularism consequences for modern Arab in Syria, 29 intellectual history, 139–40, 314–15 in Tunisia, 206 Skinner, Quentin, 16–17, See also Security Council of the Armed Forces contextualism (SCAF), 285, 285 ff 2 and New Historicism, 19 Semah, David, 63, 71, 74–8, 83 smART Power, 340 on Kafr Qasim, 79–80 Socialist Lebanon, 167–8, See also September 11, 2001, 13–14, 357 Organization of Communist Action Sfar, Tahar, 206 in Lebanon (OCAL) Sfeir, George N., 190 ff 35 socialist realism, 38, 43, 50–1, 51 ff 35, Shaaban, Buthayna, 22, 27 53–6, 53 ff 50, 58, 60 Shaʿarawi, Huda, 93 Society of Muslim Brothers, See Muslim al-Shaʿarawi, Huda, 277 Brotherhood al-Shaʿarawi, Shaykh, 262 sociology of religion 4Shabaab, 350 in modern Syria, 181–3 Shabab Muhammad (The Youth of Soliman, Fadwa, 374, 377–8 Muhammad), 189 Somekh, Sasson, 63, 73–7, 81, 84 al-Shabbi, Abu al-Qasim, 30 on writing in Hebrew, 76 Shaﬁq, Doria, 277, 278 ff 71 Sorbonne, 192, 197, 263, 286, 293, 331 Shalhat, Yusuf, 191–2, See also Chelhod, South Yemen, 109–10, 365 Joseph Soviet Union, 8, 167, 176, 251 al-Shanqiti, Muhammad, 91 collapse of, 13, 253, 314, 331 al-Shantanawi, Husni, 248 ff 23 invasion of Afghanistan, 13 Sharabi, Hisham, 127, 159, 328 ff 51 Samir Amin on, 8 shariʿa Spengler, Oswald, 323 ʿAbd al-Hamid Ben Badis on, 204–6 state feminism, 206, 214, 228–9 and the Islamic revival, 266–7 Subaltern Studies, 156 Muhammad ʿImara on, 277–80 Suez crisis, 4, 10, 20 ff 94, 39, 42, 68, 99, and personal status law in Algeria, 223–4 102, 172 and personal status law in Tunisia, 223–4 Suﬁsm, 148, 164, 189, 206, 242 Qasim Amin on, 267–8 Sulayman, Nabil, 32 Rifaʿa Rafʿi al-Tahtawi on, 321 Supreme Constitutional Court (Egypt), Tahar Haddad on, 204–6 253–4, 257 and the Tunisian Code du Statut surrealism Personnel (CSP), 212–13 in Egypt, 339 al-Sharqawi, ʿAbd al-Rahman, 52 Syria Shawky, Wael, 339 authoritarianism, 27–9, 237 Shawqi, Ahmad, 113–14, 129, 131 ff 65, civil war 131, 360 sectarianism in, 15, 28 Shaykh Imam, 31 ff 142, 31 Communist Party, 101, 191 al-Shidyaq, Ahmad Faris, 321, 359 French Mandate for (1920–1946), 183 Shiʿr (Poetry), 114–30, 137, 364, See also Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP), al-Khal, Yusuf; Beiruti modernism 118–19, 121, 127, 129, See also and Arab nationalism, 118–21 Saʿada, Antun and literary modernism, 121–2 and connections to fascism, 119 and translation, 118, 122–9 and turath, 129–37 Tafna, Treaty of, 147 Shubra al-Khayma, 252 tafsir (Qurʾanic exegesis), 268, 317 al-Shumayyil, Shibli, 239, 360 al-Tagammuʿ (National Progressive Union Shwayekh Secondary School, 102–4 Party), 252, 257

440 Index

taghrib, 288 ff 12, 288 Adonis on, 130 Tahrir Monologues, 351, See also El Attar, Hassan Hanafi on, 285–310 Ahmed al-Turk, Riyad, 33–4 Tahrir Square, 30, 260–1, 336, 340–1, 344, 351, 373 Union des femmes d’Algérie (UFA), 211 al-Tahtawi, Rifaʿa Rafʿi, 320–1, 326 Union des Femmes de Tunisie (UFT), 211, tajdid, 115, 284, 288, 306 ff 80 221, 223–4 Hassan Hanafi on, 300, 304–9 Union des Femmes Musulmanes d’Algérie Muhammad ʿImara on, 281 (UFMA), 210–11, 217, 222 Qasim Amin on, 284 Union Musulmane des Femmes de Tunisie Tangiers, 147, 149 (UMFT), 210–11 Tantawi, Shaykh Muhammad Sayyid, 262 Union Nationale de la Femme Tunisienne tanwir, 198, 284, 311–12, 317–18, 320, (UNFT), 217, 221–4 335 ff 64, See also Nahda; Union Nationale des Femmes Algériennes Enlightenment (UNFA), 220, 222–4, 227 and Qadaya wa-shahadat, 325, 333–4 United Arab Emirates (UAE), 338 Saadallah Wannous on, 324 United Arab Republic (UAR), 10, 101, tanwiri, 325 103, 365 taqlid, 288 ff 12, 288, 296 United Nations, 196, 222, 342 tarikhaniyya, 158, See also historicism; United Nations Children Fund (Unicef), Laroui, Abdallah 264, 279 al-Tariq, 51, 120, 364 United States, 8, 12, 82 Tchernichovsky, Saul, 81 imperialism in the Middle East, 8, 12, 14, Temps modernes, Les,46–7 331, 340, 343 al-Thaqafa, 45, 57 Middle East studies in, 173 “third Nahda” (Elias Khoury), 236 relations with Egypt, 252, 290 Thirdworldism, 4, 8–10, 34, 39, 222 war against Iraq, 14, 371 Traboulsi, Fawwaz, 167 ff 12, 168–9 al-ʿUrabi, Ahmad, 362 tradition, See also turath ʿUrabi, Mahmud Husni, 246 Abdelkebir Khatibi on, 159–60 usul al-fiqh (Islamic legal theory), 301, Adonis on, 28, 131 See also shariʿa Alasdair MacIntyre on, 288–9 and the Beiruti modernists, 114, 130 veiling Hassan Hanafi on, 309–10 Algeria, 215–16, 219–20, 224–6 Muhammad ʿAbid al-Jabiri on, 149–50 and the Egyptian Revolution, 350 of radicalism in modern Arab intellectual in Qasim Amin, 234 history, 19 Tunisia, 209 Talal Asad on, 17 velayet-i faqih (the guardianship of the “tradition of the oppressed” (Walter jurist), 13 Benjamin), 30 Venice Biennale, 338 traveling theory (Edward Said), 140, 148 ff 15, 148, 160 Wafd Party (Egypt), 92, 97, 240–1, Tse-Tung, Mao, 12, 169, 223 244–51, 248 ff 23, 361, See also Tubi, Tawfiq, 73–4, 79 Zaghlul, Saʿd Tunis, 31 Wafi, ʿAbd al-Wahid, 272 Tunis Socialiste, 209 Wahba, Murad, 329 Tunisia Wahhabism, 147, See also ʿAbduh, authoritarianism, 221–2 Muhammad Code du Status Personnel (CSP), 203 Wannous, Saadallah, 312–13, 316–25, Communist Party, 211 332–4 feminism in, 229–31 on Husayn, Taha, 317–20 veiling, 209 1967 War, 43, 61, 106, 108, 111, 157, turath, 11, 25, 120, 289 ff 16, 290 ff 20, 291 166–7, 172, 179, 235, 264, 292, ff 27, 292 ff 34, 296 ff 45, 317, 314–15, 319, 358, 361, 363, 365–6, See also tradition See also Six-Day War

Index 441

consequences for modern Arab Yasin, Bu ʿAli, 182, 199–200 intellectual history, 11, 42, 330, Yusuf, Salih bin, 213 333 Yusuf, Yusuf Salman, 73 War of 1948, 7, 8, 10, 21, 32, 37, 47, 63, 97, 101, 314, 358, See Nakba Zaghlul, Saʿd, 245, 361, See also Wafd Party Wilner, Meir, 79 (Egypt) Wilson-Goldie, Kaelen, 340 Zaghlul, Saﬁya, 93 Winegar, Jessica, 341 al-Zahawi, Jamal Sidqi, 86 “the woman question”, 205 Zahran, Sally, 350 in Egypt, 233 Zayd, Khaled Saʿud, 99 in North Africa, 204, 207, 212–31 Zaydan, Jurji, 65, 192 World Bank, 255, 257, 313 al-Zayyat, Hasan, 57 and Structural Adjustment Programs, 313 al-Zayyat, Latifa, 27 World War I, 38, 42, 45–6, 64, 66, 92, 183, Zilkha, Yusuf Harun, 66 187, 241, 313, 338, 358, 361 Zionism, 7 ff 34, 66, 75 ff 37, 250, 270, 361, World War II, 7, 15, 37, 39, 44–5, 47, 49, 365, 367, See also anti-Zionism 56, 66, 114, 146, 157, 164, 210–11, Žižek, Slavoj, 279 248 Zubaida, Sami, 173 Zurayk, Constantine, 20 ff 94, 97, 97 ff 41, Yasin, Bu ʿAli, 194–7 100, 113, 323 ff 30, 334 ff 62, 359, al-Yaziji, Nasif, 359–60 362, See also Meaning of the Disaster, Yemen, 14, 102 The (Maʿna al-nakba) (Constantine Young Turk Revolution (1908), 65 Zurayk)