GOVERNMENT OF EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA Public Disclosure Authorized NIGERIA EROSION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT (NEWMAP)
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)
FOR:
Public Disclosure Authorized EBIA RIVER EGU-UGWU AGBAJA FLOOD PROJECT ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE. NIGERIA
FINAL REPORT
Public Disclosure Authorized EBONYI STATE NEWMAP STATE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (SPMU) No. 1 Onwe Road Abakaliki. Ebonyi State
Public Disclosure Authorized
February 2016
DRAFT-FINAL REPORT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP)
FOR
EBIA RIVER EGU-UGWU AGBAJA FLOOD PROJECT ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE
Prepared By
DR. ODILI N. OJUKWU, P.E
For Ebonyi State NEWMAP State Project Management Unit (SPMU) No. 1 Onwe Road Abakaliki. Ebonyi State Nigeria
February 2016
Page | 2
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
CAI Community Administrative Institutions
CBO Community Based Organization
CDF Community Development Fund
CIP Community Involvement Program
EBSG Ebonyi State Government of Nigeria
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
FBO Faith-Based Organization
FGD Focused Group Discussion
FGN Federal Government of Nigeria
FPMU Federal Project Management Unit
GIS Geographic Information System
GRASS Gully Rapid Action and Slope Stabilization
GPS Global Positioning System
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
IDF International Development Fund
IRP Involuntary Resettlement Policy
LGA Local Government Area
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MOE Ministry of Environment
NEWMAP Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project
NGO Non-governmental Organization
OP/BP World Bank’s Operation Procedure/Bank Process
PAH Project Affected Household
Page | 3
PAP Project Affected Person
PAPC Project Affected Persons Committee
PCC Project Complaints Committee
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RIA RAP Implementing Agent
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
SPMU State Project Management Unit
TOR Terms of Reference
WB World Bank
Page | 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 9
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 12
1.1 Purpose ...... 12
1.2 Background ...... 12
1.3 Responsible Lead Agencies ...... 13
1.4 Ebia River Flood History ...... 13
1.5. Project Rationale: ...... 14
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED INTERVENTION AND PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ...... 15
2.1 Site Location ...... 15
2.2 Project Activities ...... 15
2.3 Perimeter of Project Influence ...... 16
3.0 POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 17
3.1 Overview ...... 17
3.2 Nigerian Land Related Legal Issues ...... 17
3.2.1 Customary Land Tenure ...... 17
3.2.2 Statutory Tenure ...... 17
3.3 World Bank Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 ...... 17
3.4 Gaps between Nigeria Laws and WB Policies on Land Acquisition and Resettlement ...... 18
3.5 Resolution of Gaps between Nigerian and OP 4.12 Policies on Resettlement ...... 18
4.0 SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL BASELINE CONDITIONS ...... 19
4.1 Introduction: ...... 19
4.1.1 Socioeconomic Survey: ...... 19
4.1.2 Public Consultation: ...... 19
4.1.3 Use of Maps and GIS: ...... 19
Page | 5
4.2 Cultural Environment ...... 19
4.2.1 Population ...... 19
4.2.2 Ethnic Groups ...... 20
4.2.3 Religion ...... 20
4.3 Land Use Pattern ...... 20
4.3.1 Cultural Resources ...... 20
4.4 Analysis of Socioeconomic Survey ...... 21
4.4.1 Objectives of the Socioeconomic Survey ...... 21
4.4.2 Respondent and Household Distribution in Project Area ...... 21
4.4.2 Gender, Age and Household Size of Respondents ...... 22
4.4.3 Marital Status of Respondents ...... 23
4.4.4 Access to Education ...... 23
4.4.5 Occupational and Income Distribution of Respondents ...... 24
4.4.6 Household Waste Disposal ...... 25
4.4.7 Health Services ...... 25
4.5 Desirability of the Project ...... 25
4.6 Conflict Resolution ...... 25
4.7 Community Participation ...... 26
5.0 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS ...... 28
5.1 Objective of Community Consultation ...... 28
5.2 Public Participation Process ...... 28
5.2.1 Stakeholders’ Identification ...... 28
5.2.2 Community Consultations and Meetings ...... 31
5.2.3 Summary of Meetings with Stakeholders ...... 31
5.3 Social Issues/Risks ...... 33
5.4 Guiding Principles ...... 34
6.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 36
6.1 Field Findings ...... 36
6.2 Potential Project Impact Areas ...... 36
Page | 6
6.2.1 Rehabilitation of Flood and Erosion Corridor ...... 36
6.2.2 Reworking of Ogbaga Road (Access Road No.1) at Ogbaga Bridge ...... 36
6.2.3 Rehabilitation of Abofia – Ofutu Ndiebor Road (Access Road #2) ...... 36
6.2.4 Rehabilitation of Agbaja–Azumili Road (Access Road #3) ...... 36
6.3. Identified Project Impacts ...... 37
6.3.1 Potential Positive Project Impacts ...... 37
6.3.2 Potential Negative Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 37
6.4 Identification of Project Affected Population ...... 38
7.0 PROPOSED RESETTLEMENT PLAN ...... 42
7.1 Eligibility ...... 42
7.1.1 Loss of Assets ...... 42
7.1.2 Loss of Livelihood ...... 42
7.2 Entitlement Matrix ...... 42
7.3 Valuation Procedures ...... 44
7.4 Compensation for Losses and Other Assistance ...... 45
7.4.1 Resettlement Measures ...... 45
7.4.2 Compensation for Land Losses ...... 45
7.4.3 Compensation for Displacements ...... 45
7.4.4 Compensation for Loss of Economic Trees/crops ...... 46
7.5 Formation of Dispute Resolution Committee ...... 46
7.6 RAP Implementing Agent (RIA) ...... 46
7.7 Compensation Procedures ...... 47
7.7.1 Relocation Times ...... 47
7.7.2 Livelihood Restoration ...... 47
7.8 Dispute Resolution and Grievance Redress Procedure ...... 47
7.8.1 Dispute Resolution ...... 47
7.8.2 Dispute Over Land Matters ...... 48
7.8.3 Grievance Redress Mechanisms ...... 48
7.9 Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) ...... 49
7.9.1 Performance Indicators ...... 50
Page | 7
8.0 ESTIMATED COST OF RAP ...... 52
9.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 55
10.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 56
DISCLOSURES ...... 57
GLOSSARY OF TERMS ...... 57
REFERENCES ...... 58
ANNEXURE A ...... 59
LIST OF CONTACTED STAKEHOLDERS ...... 59
ANNEX B ...... 60
MINUTES AND NOTES FROM COMMUNITY AND STAKEHOLDERS’ MEETINGS ...... 60
ANNEXURE C ...... 73
LIST OF IDENTIFIED VULNERABLE PERSONS FOR EBIA RIVER PROJECT ...... 73
ANNEXURE D ...... 74
LIST OF PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS (PAPs) ...... 74
Page | 8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP), initiated by the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) and funded by the World Bank (WB) and International Development Fund (IDF), is being implemented in Ebonyi State, Nigeria and other participating states to help reduce soil erosion vulnerability in the States and to develop the States’ watersheds. Ebia River is one of the three principal rivers that drain the Abakaliki Capital City flowing eastwards from the north western part of Abakaliki urban township into the Ebonyi River. The River perennially floods its course flowing through Amike Aba, Abofia and Onuebia Villages in Abakaliki Local Government Areas (LGA), Ofutu Ndiebor Village in Ebonyi LGA and, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages in Izzi LGA. With each passing year, uncontrolled stormwater flow threatens lives and properties as the Ebia River corridor is flooded irredeemably. The Ebonyi State NEWMAP is targeting to remedy and control the River’s perennial flooding and reducing the impacts through the NEWMAP opportunity.
The Ebia River flood and erosion control sub-project will address and prevent the perennial flooding at the above six villages located in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state as well as reverse land degradation within the communities. The overall objective of this Consultancy is to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Ebia River flood and erosion control sub-project in Ebonyi State. The RAP Consultancy seeks to specifically identify, evaluate and document the set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional actions to be undertaken at the villages to eliminate identified adverse community or individual social and livelihood impacts before commencing the remedial construction and rehabilitation works.
The objective of the WB Resettlement Plans is to restore persons affected by the project to a condition equivalent to or better than the pre-project situation. This RAP also provides monitoring and institutional actions to be taken before the remedial construction and rehabilitation works to eliminate or reduce to acceptable levels the identified adverse environmental and social impacts.
Project Description The Ebia River flood control project consists of remedial structural and non-structural developments that include civil works and vegetative development along the River course. The proposed ground interventions will address, prevent and reverse land degradation for the long-term and will involve realignment and concrete channelization of the River corridor. The realignment and channelization activities will involve civil works as well as bio-restoration along the channel corridor and will cause involuntary resettlement thereby triggering the World Bank’s OP 4.12 - the World Bank Resettlement Policy.
Need for RAP The initial scoping of the sub-projects under NEWMAP, as contained in the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)prepared for NEWMAP sub-projects indicates that the number of potentially project affected persons (PAPs) would be less than 200. However, because of the significantly high level of social impact resulting from land acquisition in the participating States, the WB determined that a full RAP should guide the operations of this sub-project. Consequently, RAP is required in accordance with WB Safeguard policy to guide the intervention process for this flood and erosion project under NEWMAP.
This RAP has been prepared to conform to the requirements of the WB OP4.12 and the Nigerian national social policies, guidelines and assessment procedures as well as those of Ebonyi State and the Local Agencies.
Project Location Ebonyi State is located in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Ebia River is one of the three principal rivers that drain the Abakaliki Capital City. The river flows eastwards from the
Page | 9 north western part of Abakaliki township into the Ebonyi River. Flooding along the river occurs in communities located within the co-ordinates: Latitudes 6o 20’28.63” and 6o 20’11.19”N and Longitudes 8o09’09.73” and 8o08’34.77”E. The affected flooded areas include Amike Aba, Abofia and Onuebia Villages in Abakaliki LGA, Ofutu Ndiebor Village in Ebonyi LGA and, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages in Izzi LGA.
Legal Framework for Land Acquisition The Nigeria Land Use Act of 1978, reviewed under Cap 202, 1990 provides the legal framework for land acquisition in Nigeria. Under the World Bank, the Operational Policy OP 4.12 addresses land acquisition and involuntary resettlement. The differences between the Land Use Act and the Bank’s OP 4.12 are mostly in the rehabilitation measures, which are neither proscribed nor mandated in the Act. It is noted that in the event of divergence between the two policies, the one that better serves the needs of the PAPs takes precedence.
Potential Impacts There are both positive and negative impacts associated with this project. On the positive side, this project will provide a huge emotional and economic relief to residents of Amike Aba, Abofia, Onuebia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages whose agro- businesses are perennially under imminent threat of destruction by floods. Additionally, the project will improve flow of traffic in and out of the project area neighborhood upon completion; reduce costs of transport and delays on travelling along the access roads; improve livelihoods for the area residents due to reduced cost of transportation; improve the landscape vista; and provide temporary job opportunities for both skilled and un-skilled labors.
The identified major negative impacts of the project include loss of land and economic trees/farm crops, loss of vegetation, dust evolution, noise and vibration generation. Mitigation of these impacts to acceptable levels has been proffered. About 29.9 Ha of land acquisition is needed as right of way (ROW) for the purpose of realigning and channelization of the Ebia River corridor and there will be loss of economic trees/ farm crops within this area of land to be acquired. The project does not envisage any involuntary displacement of persons due to destruction of existing structures. However, 769project-affected persons (PAPs)that includes32vulnerable persons whose health may be adversely affected by project activities or whose residences are in very close proximity to project impact areas and may be required to be temporarily relocated to allow for safe completion of works. All the land owners should be appropriately compensated for improvements on their land and any loss of economic trees/crops in accordance with the WB and Nigeria Policies on land acquisition.
Mitigation of Potential Impacts It is important that prior to project implementation, resettlement and livelihood restoration for the PAPs should be effected. Owners of acquired land and any economic trees/crops there- on should be compensated. Residents/tenants of building structures with fragile health conditions, such as asthma and age-related issues, who may likely be adversely impacted by project activities should be temporarily relocated during the construction phase and be compensated for the inconveniences of relocation.
Public Participation and Consultations Public participation and stakeholders’ consultations were effectively conducted in the course of this RAP. To ensure that the rights and interests of PAPs are considered seriously, local level consultative forums serve as community voices and these have become part of the entire project process. This RAP documents those that were consulted, dates, concerns raised and the RAP response to these concerns. Household census of the people identified as PAPs were conducted to establish their socioeconomic profile including their health related status. Only PAPs who registered and met the cut-off date (November 3, 2015) during the baseline survey are considered to be eligible for any form of compensation or assistance.
Page | 10
Grievance Redress Mechanism A mechanism through which complaints and disagreements can be smoothly resolved has been devised. Currently, there is a series of customary avenues that exist to deal with dispute resolution in the six communities and they will be employed as the “court of first appeal”, as necessary. It is anticipated that this will allow unencumbered platform for people to express their dissatisfaction over compensation as well as avoid unnecessary legal delays and cost overrun of the project. Formation of Project Complaint Committee and PAP Committee is recommended. All grievances or complaints must be registered and compiled regularly for project management. The devised mechanisms are fundamental to achieving transparency in the resettlement process.
RAP Coordination and Implementation The State may establish an implementation agent (an NGO) that will provide technical support to SPMU and ensure monitoring & evaluation of the implementation process. The primary responsibility for the project execution is on the SPMU. The SPMU, may appoint consultants to provide necessary awareness, mobilization and facilitation, project appraisal, approval & disbursement, capacity building, monitoring & evaluation reporting to the FPMU and the World Bank.
The budget estimate for compensation and resettlement for economic trees/crops and temporary relocations under this RAP, including cost of administration, monitoring and evaluation is N42,286,650.00 (forty two million two hundred and eighty six thousand, six hundred and fifty Naira) only. Since these costs must be borne out of counterpart funds, it should be included in the overall project budget.
Monitoring and Evaluation In order to successfully complete the resettlement management as per the implementation schedule and compliance, monitoring and evaluation of the RAP implementation will be a continuous process and will include internal and external monitoring. The Ebonyi NEWMAP Safeguard/Livelihood Officer will play a key role in reporting the progress of implementation as well as compliance to the SPMU and the World Bank.
Review and Disclosure This RAP is expected to be subjected to public review and it should be disclosed in-state to the general public for review and comment at designated locations in Ebonyi State and in World Bank InfoShop.
Page | 11
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared in support of the Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) being implemented in Ebonyi State of Nigeria. The Ebia River flood and erosion control sub-project will address and prevent the perennial flooding at six villages located in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state as well as reverse land degradation within the communities. The affected villages include Amike Aba, Abofia and Onuebia Villages in Abakaliki Local Government Areas (LGA), Ofutu Ndiebor Village in Ebonyi LGA and, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages in Izzi LGA. The RAP Consultancy seeks to specifically identify, evaluate and document the set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional actions to be undertaken at the four villages to eliminate identified adverse community or individual social and livelihood impacts before commencing the remedial construction and rehabilitation works.
This Report also includes measures needed to implement the identified actions, addressing the adequacy of the monitoring and institutional arrangements and also provides guidelines to stakeholders participating in the mitigation, including rehabilitation/resettlement operations in order to ensure that the PAPs will not be impoverished by the adverse social impacts of the project.
1.2 Background NEWMAP was initiated by the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) to help reduce soil erosion vulnerability and to develop watersheds initially in seven southern States of Nigeria (Abia, Anambra, Cross River, Ebonyi, Edo, Enugu and Imo States). The project is funded by the International Development Fund (IDF)/World Bank (WB).Ebonyi State is located in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria and is known to be under severe flood and erosion problems. Figure 1-1 shows the location of Ebonyi State within the Southeast of Nigeria.Figure 1-2 shows the location of Abakaliki, Ebonyi and Izzi LGAs in Ebonyi State.
Figure 1-1: Map of Nigeria Showing Ebonyi State Figure 1-2: Map of Ebonyi State showing the LGAs Initial scoping of the project NEWMAP, as contained in the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) indicates that the number of potential project affected persons (PAPs) would be less than 200. This would normally require the preparation of an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP). However, because of the significantly high level of social impact resulting from land acquisition in the participating States, the WB determined that a full RAP should guide the operations of this sub-project. Consequently, a resettlement action plan is required to guide the intervention process for this project. The Ebia River flood control project activities and
associated impacts trigger the WB Safeguard Policies that include involuntary resettlement (OP4.12). This RAP has been prepared to conform to the requirements of the World Bank Safeguard Policies and the Nigerian national social policies, guidelines and assessment procedures as well as those of Ebonyi State and the Local Agencies.
1.3 Responsible Lead Agencies The lead Agencies for NEWMAP at the federal and state tiers of government are as follows:
Federal Lead Agency: Federal NEWMAP Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) The Federal Ministry of Environment Abuja. Nigeria
State Lead Agency: Ebonyi State NEWMAP State Project Management Unit (SPMU) State Ministry of Environment Abakaliki. Ebonyi State
1.4 Ebia River Flood History Ebia River is one of the three principal rivers that drain the Abakaliki Capital City. The river flows eastwards from the north western part of Abakaliki urban township into the Ebonyi River. There are several tributaries, rivulets and brooks that feed the Ebia River from the town and the abutting villages. Because of the meandering nature of the river course, the runoff gathers and overspill these meanders to flood the farmlands and properties downstream.Figure 1-3 shows the digital imagery of the Ebia River catchment area with the feeder tributaries, rivulets and brooks. The affected flooded areas include Amike Aba, Abofia, Onuebia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Mgbo Agbaja and
Figure 1-3: Ebia River Catchment Area Showing Feeder Tributaries, Rivulets & Brooks
Page | 13
Unagboke Villages. The flooding is exacerbated by the wrong alignment of the bridge crossing on the Ebia River at Agbaja - Azumili road.
A review of Google maps shows infrastructural built-up areas south of the Ebia River flow corridor. The Ebia River location plan showing the proposed channelization corridor is shown in Figure 1.4. The built-up areas include Abakaliki urban township and other adjoining villages with which the Ebia River communities are trading partners. The major inter-community roadways include three rural roads- (1) Ogbaga Road, (2) Abofia – Ofutu Ndiebor Road(bridge is no longer useable due to erosion damage), and, (3) Agbaja – Azumili Road with a misaligned bridge. The roadways (2) and (3) are currently very pot-holed and very degraded with no associated drainage channels. Storm water in many areas flows from the roadways into adjoining neighborhoods and private lands.
1.5. Project Rationale: The proposed interventions along the Ebia River flood corridor will involve construction of civil works and rehabilitation of the flood plain. The proposed River re-alignment and channelization will run from Ogbaga Roadconfluencethrough the upper sections of the watershed to the Ebonyi River on the lower watershed. This will result in the rehabilitation of the existing infrastructures (two rural roads, Figure 1-4:Ebia River Location Plan Showing drainage channels and two bridges) Intervention Channelization Corridor located at two sections along the river course. These infrastructures are critical inter- and intra-community linkages and their disruption will result in very long detours for community people who travel to neighboring communities to trade/market their agricultural goods and also children who attend schools in neighboring communities. Large areas of farmlands will be majorly impacted with many homes and families losing their primary means of livelihoods. The extent of damages experienced in the farmlands isas typifies in Figure 1-5.
It is envisaged that about 73.78 acres (29.9 hectares)of land will be required and acquired for the river re-alignment and channelization with the attendant loss of economic trees/crops and the permanent loss of use of that portion of land.The scale of the proposed Ebia River flood control intervention works will therefore involve a significant disturbance of the social and livelihood conditions of the people, with both localized and regional impacts. The project activities and associated impacts therefore trigger the WB Safeguard Policies that include involuntary Figure 1-5: Community Member Showing the Extent of resettlement (OP4.12). Flood Damage to Her Farm Consequently, this RAP as a site- specific safeguard instrument is required to provide necessary procedures and criteria that will guide the proposed Ebia River flood control intervention.
Page | 14
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED INTERVENTION AND PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE
2.1Site Location Ebonyi State is located in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Ebia River is one of the principal rivers that drain the Abakaliki Capital City. The river flows from the north western part of Abakaliki township eastwards into the eastern Ebonyi River. Flooding along the river occurs in communities located within the co-ordinates: Latitudes 6o 20’28.63” and 6o 20’11.19”N and Longitudes 8o09’09.73” and 8o08’34.77”E. The affected flooded areas include Amike Aba, Abofia and Onuebia Villages in Abakaliki LGA, Ofutu Ndiebor Village in Ebonyi LGA and, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages in Izzi LGA. It is in the effort to reduce the impacts of flooding and erosion on the communities that Ebonyi State Government (EBSG) has proposed to re-align and develop the existing Ebia River corridor through the NEWMAP opportunity.
2.2Project Activities The proposed project consists of remedial structural and non-structural developments that include civil works (channelization) and gabion protection above the concrete channel to prevent erosion and provide aesthetic view along the channel as well as prevent further encroachments of the floodplain. The Ebia River location plan showing the channelization corridor is as shown in Figure 1.4.
The interventions will involve construction of civil works and rehabilitation of the flood plain. The following remedial measures will be undertaken as part of the flood intervention activities:
1. Channelization of the Ebia River between the upstream confluence through the Agbaja Azumili Road down to the confluence with the Ebonyi River. The new channel will be of reinforced concrete and will straighten out the meandering sections. A total of 5.144km is involved with a right of way (ROW) totaling 45.6 meters. The depth of the flood channel is 4 meters. 2. Provision of a five (5) meters setback floodway on both sides of the reinforced concrete channel with gabion protection on side slopes of the banks above the top level of the concrete channel to prevent erosion and provide aesthetic view along the channel. This will further prevent encroachments of the floodplain by developers for housing and other commercial activities. 3. Provision of 5m length side drains to collect runoff from both sides of road crossings where they are not available. Culverts are also provided at the existing roads to adequately pass the flood water below the road crossings.
Civil Construction Works: The key activities for the civil construction works involve: River re-alignment through channelization; cutting and filling for percentage recovery; compaction of soils; concrete casting; assembling of structures, and, slope stabilization.
The key non-structural work components (biological works) will involve: Terracing; Structured vegetation; Specific trees planting with known root strength Economic trees planting
Page | 15
2.3 Perimeter of Project Influence The Ebia River flows from the north western part of Abakaliki urban township into the Ebonyi River. The river is heavily meandered and overspills the banks during the rainy seasons to flood the areas downstream. The affected six communities–Amike Aba, Abofia and Onuebia Villages in Abakaliki Local Government Areas (LGA), Ofutu Ndiebor Village in Ebonyi LGA and, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages in Izzi LGA,are usually heavily flooded during the rainy seasons. The flooding is exacerbated by the wrong alignment of the bridge crossing on the Ebia River at Agbaja - Azumili road.
The six villages are mainly agrarian communities with their agricultural produce being majorly rice, yam, cassava, plantain, vegetables, etc. Essentially, these communities among others serve as the food supply links to Abakaliki urban township and with their farmlands majorly impacted by the floods, food supply to the urban center is principally affected. Additionally, the two main trading routes between the communities and their neighboring towns like Abakaliki have been severely impacted by erosion (one of the bridges on the roads, Abofia – Ofutu Ndiebor Road - is now structurally compromised and no longer in use). This results in long detours in order to get to the affected neighboring towns. The effects of this project, on a regional scale, will therefore be significantly felt far beyond the boundaries of the six villages.
At the local level, residents and land users in the immediate vicinity of the flooded corridors live in constant fears not knowing whether with the next heavy rainfall, their farm lands, economic trees and crops, and their basic means of sustaining livelihoods will be washed away by the severe floods. The project is designed to rehabilitate the two degraded access roads and restore the associated culverts, and provide a combination of structural channelization and vegetative gabion rehabilitation of the river corridor. For the most part based on the project engineering designs, about 45.6 meters of land width will be required as right of way (ROW) for the river channelization along the corridor. As a result of these activities, any building structures, farm lands, tree crops or farm produce, and any persons residing within the required ROW will be at risk with the execution of the project.
Page | 16
3.0 POLICY, LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
3.1 Overview In developing the RAP, the various laws in Nigeria and Ebonyi State, the WB Safeguard Policies and international conventions which are relevant to land use and resettlements were reviewed. This RAP has been developed in line with these laws and regulations. It is also a requirement of the World Bank that any Bank assisted project/programme must comply with the provisions of OP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement for impacts associated with land acquisition and displacement. The several statutes that handle the issue of land, infrastructure development and resettlement are summarized below.The following sub-sections give a brief description of what constitutes land related legal issues in Nigeria.
3.2 Nigerian Land Related Legal Issues Interests in land broadly fall into two groups. Rights that are held through Nigerian traditional systems and rights that derive from the Nigerian legal system introduced and maintained through laws enacted by Nigerian governments. The former is loosely known as customary tenure bound through traditional rules (customary law). The latter body of law is referred to as statutory tenure, secured and expressed through the Land Use Act of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
3.2.1 Customary Land Tenure Customary Land Tenure refers to the unwritten land ownership practices by various communities under customary law. Such tenure still exists in large parts of Southern Nigeria where land has not been adjusted and registered. Its management falls under the respective traditional families and members.
3.2.2 Statutory Tenure The basic legal framework for the acquisition of land in Nigeria is the Land Use Act under the laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990. The Land Use Act 1978 of Nigeria, Chapter 202 vests all land within the urban areas of any Nigerian State in the Executive Governor of that state. Land within the rural areas of the state is vested on the Local Government. The law provides for compensation to the holder of any land title when such land is to be acquired for public purposes. For developed land, the Governor (in the case of urban areas) or Local Government (in the case of rural areas) may, in lieu of compensation, offer resettlement in any other place as a reasonable alternative accommodation and in acceptance of resettlement, the holder’s right to compensation shall be deemed to have been duly satisfied.
3.3 World Bank Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12 The World Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy (IRP) outlines the conditions under which the World Bank will fund a project if it displaces persons or affects their social and economic well being. The objective of the Bank’s resettlement policy is to ensure that population displaced by a project receives benefits from it.As a pre-requisite, the WB requires the preparation, in advance of the project implementation, of a Resettlement Action Plan/Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (RAP/ARAP) where impacts are known or a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) where multiple sub-projects are involved. This RAP document is based on the best practices and criteria of involuntary resettlement provided in the OP 4.12.
The Ebia River flood control project maypotentially cause the displacement of some residents of the project area leading to loss of income and other forms of livelihood discomfort. The main objective of this RAP is to provide guidelines for compensating the project affected persons (PAPs) so as to ensure that their livelihoods are improved or are restored as much as possible to the pre-impact level. Housing, infrastructure, and other compensation should be provided to the adversely affected population and pastoralists who may have customary rights to the land or other resources taken for the project. The absence of legal title of land by such groups should not be a limitation to compensation.
Page | 17
3.4 Gaps betweenNigeria Laws and WB Policies on Land Acquisition and Resettlement There are similarities between key precepts of the WB OP 4.12 and Nigerian legislation. The legislation recognizes the imperative need to offer compensation to those whose land is affected by government activities, such as compulsory acquisition where such land is envisaged to be used for the public good. Despite that, the current Nigerian legislation is however, silent on resettlement. The scope of coverage of Nigerian legislation and the WB OP 4.12 differs as well. The World Bank Safeguards favor a policy of avoidance or minimization of involuntary resettlement and recommends the design of appropriate mitigation provision in case avoidance or minimization is not possible.
Whereas both recognize customary tenure as equivalent to legal title, the WB OP 4.12 extends beyond this principle and recognizes informal occupancy as a form of customary tenure so long as such informal occupancy can be established prior to the project cut-off date. Therefore, in accordance with the legal agreement of the credit for the development of the project, the preparation of this RAP has been executed in line with the policies and guidelines as set out in the WB OP 4.12 which emphasizes that the affected persons be provided with compensation at replacement cost and supported during the transitional period to improve or at least restore their living standards to pre-displacement levels. Under WB OP 4.12, lack of legal title is no barrier in extending assistance and support to those affected by the project development. To abide by the requirements of the WB OP 4.12, the EBSG/Ebonyi NEWMAP must take the following into consideration during the resettlement and compensation of the PAPs: Depending on tenure category, PAPs will be provided transition assistance (such as moving allowances) during relocation; and be offered support after displacement, for a transition period, based on a reasonable estimate of the time likely to be needed to restore their livelihood and standards of living. In cases where in-kind replacement is not the preferred option of the PAPs, then the cash compensation will be based on the replacement cost.
The PAP without legal land documents should also be given considerations which should include the following: Notice to vacate land prior to development; Right to harvest crops in case the affected land is agricultural; Tenants are provided with cash compensation in lieu of unexpired lease if agricultural land is acquired; and, In case of loss of standing trees, owners should be compensated with cash compensation based on the market value. In case of loss of community property resources the resource should be provided afresh or relocate to new site.
For unidentified impacts, mitigation measures will be proposed based on the Best Practices or Guiding Principle of involuntary resettlement and other regulating laws.
3.5 Resolution of Gaps between Nigerian and OP 4.12Policies on Resettlement The resettlement process of PAPs must recognize both provisions of the Nigerian policy on land acquisition as stated in the constitution and its legal provisions and the policy provisions of the World Bank (as provided for in OP 4.12). Where there are gaps between the Bank and Nigerian requirements, Bank policies shall be applied. The provisions of RPF developed for NEWMAP provide necessary guidelines to harmonizing the Nigerian legal requirements and the WB requirements for this project.Under the RPF provisions, any loss of livelihoods or displacement resulting from this project shall be fully compensated for in accordance with the provisions of WB OP 4.12.
Page | 18
4.0 SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL BASELINE CONDITIONS
4.1 Introduction: The cultural/socioeconomic elements and characteristics of the project area considered in this Consultancy include population, land use and tenure system, social setups, economic activities, education, vulnerability profile, gender, religion, settlement and migration patterns and health services system.
Qualitative and quantitative mixed method of assessment was adopted in this project. This offered an effective means of interacting widely with the stakeholder groups, the Ebonyi NEWMAP team, as well as individual stakeholders and affected persons. Participatory community meetings, public discussions as well as discussions with key informants (Community elders, Local leadership, and Ebonyi NEWMAP Officers, among others) were held in the course of the Consultancy.
4.1.1 Socioeconomic Survey: This involved detailed enumerations/inventories of households/persons resident or doing business within the project area as well as formal and informal discussions with focus groups, including the community traditional and administrative leadership. A comprehensive questionnaire for data collection was used for this purpose. The questionnaire captured the following information: a) Household bio-data (demographic information); b) Livelihoods; c) Inventory of structural and nonstructural assets including land, common properties, houses, economic trees and cash crops. Also, census of the PAPs was also conducted to fully characterize the impact on each affected person.
4.1.2 Public Consultation: This was conducted as part of the participatory approach aimed at gaining good knowledge of the social issues/risks associated with the project as perceived by the communities. Public meetings were held in the village squares at five locations within the project immediate impact areas. The locations are Abofia Village, Onuebia Village,Mgbo Agbaja Village, Amike Aba Village and Unagboke Village.
4.1.3 Use of Maps and GIS: Survey maps as well as high resolution imagery were used to identify and map out the project area identifying any locations of structures relative to the project corridor.
The qualitative analysis involved an assessment of information obtained during the stakeholders’ consultations and public participation forums and discussions. The socioeconomic study provided necessary primary quantitative data for the project assessment. This quantitative data included: Household census of the people identified as PAPs; Establishing the socioeconomic profile of the project area population including health related status of respondents; Establishing the structural assets to be affected by project; Establishing area of land to be affected;
4.2 Cultural Environment
4.2.1 Population Based on the 2006 Nigerian National Census, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, and Izzi LGAs have population figures of 149,683, 127,226, and 236,679, respectively. A breakdown shows a population of
Page | 19
4,096, 3,312, 3,218, 2,230, 1,043 and 1,012 for Amike Aba village, Abofia village, Ofutu Ndiebor village, Onuebia village, Mgbo Agbaja village and Ungboke village, respectively.
4.2.2 Ethnic Groups The people of Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke consist of one major Nigerian ethnic group – the Igbos. The ethnic group has its unique culture, social organization and traditions. The social and cultural aspects in the project area are closely intertwined with the ethic groupings. The Igbos have elaborate cultural practices that include strong kinship linkages with organizations spanning from localized social groups to strong clan relations. The cultural associations and social interactions are epitomized during cultural and religious ceremonies and festivities. The people generally speak and write mainly the Igbo and English languages.
The six villages associated with the project area are essentially rural communities whose residents are generally agrarians. The local dwellers rear goats and sheep, and maintain chicken farms most of which are carried out within their residential compounds. Each of the six villages traces its origin from genealogical ties. Politics in the villages are done within the framework of clanism. Clans are the basic point of cultural and political identity for the citizens. Clanism and kinship are the elemental forces in control of political and cultural institutions as well as service points. The villages consist of groups of households whose families are inter-related via marriages.
4.2.3 Religion The people of Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagbokeare predominantly of Christian religion mostly Catholics and Anglicans. There are however a few traditionalists in the community.
4.3 Land Use Pattern There are three major types of customary land tenure system in Igboland – (1) individual land ownership; (2) family land ownership; and. (3) communal land ownership. Individual ownership may be for indigenes or for residents of the community. Family lands (as well as individual lands) are inherited from generational relatives. Communities retain family lands which may never be sold. Such family lands are generally retained for communal development and sometimes are rotationally shared among the members of the community for agricultural purposes but are not for sale.
Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagbokevillages can be characterized as rural areas with agriculture being the predominant land use. Over90% of the land is committed to agricultural production of food crops. The crops include rice, maize, cassava, yams, plantain, vegetables, etc.
A review of the land use pattern within the project areas reveals the following: i) The land areas closest to the Ebia River corridor are essentially bamboo and rice farms. ii) There are a few structures in the vicinity of the proposed project area. The entire area is essentially dominated by farmlands.
4.3.1 Cultural Resources There are no known designated historical, archaeological or cultural resources within the project area. However, several shrines existin close proximity to the project corridor. Most of these shrinesmay not be affected by the project except for increased human movements in the vicinity of the shrine during project construction phase. For the shrines that may be directly within the proposed channelization ROW, discussions should be initiated with the shrine attendants for possible relocation.
Page | 20
4.4 Analysis of Socioeconomic Survey The measurement of precise impacts of the project on persons living or earning their living along the flood corridor cannot be effectively established without appropriate and accurate social and economic baseline data. The socioeconomic study will help to assess the social economic changes that may occur in the living conditions of the project area population as a result of the project impacts.
4.4.1 Objectives of the Socioeconomic Survey The primary objectives of the socioeconomic survey are as follows: 1. To collect information regarding existing socioeconomic conditions of the project population; 2. To use the collected socioeconomic information to develop baseline data for the assessment of the social and economic impacts of the project; 3. To analyze the patterns of relationships that exist among various socioeconomic or demographic components of the project area; 4. To obtain perceived views of respondents on the effects of project on the environment and their vulnerability to socioeconomic changes due to the project; and, 5. To provide a benchmark for any further information needed to monitor and evaluate improvements in the future.
The respondents to the socioeconomic survey included the following:
(1) Owners of any buildingsor structures located within 50 meters from the edges of the Ebia River corridor; (2) Owners of any buildingsor structures located in areas to be used as construction staging areas during the construction phase of the project; (3) Residents/tenants of the buildings or structures identified in items (1) and (2) above whether the structures are permanent or temporary; residential or commercial; (4) Land owners along the proposed channelization corridor whose lands would be required for the purpose of the project; (5) Residents/tenants of any buildings or structures along the three access roads which lead to the upper and lower sections of the project area, irrespective of whether the structures are permanent or temporary, residential or commercial; (6) Economic trees/crops owners along the Ebia River banks whose lands would be required for the purpose of flood control.
The socioeconomic survey was conducted in conjunction with the census of the project affected persons to profile the impacted project area and provide baseline data against which mitigations measures and support will be measured. The analysis is based on respondents to the questionnaire administered to residents of the villages who are most likely to be impacted by the project. On the basis of the responses obtained in the exercise, the following determinations are made.
4.4.2 Respondent and Household Distribution in Project Area Figures 4-2 to 4-4 show how the respondents to the socioeconomic survey and the corresponding household members are distributed across the six villages that are affected by the project. Based on the survey, 352 respondents with 1857 household members were documented in Amike Aba village, 256 respondents with 1661 household members in Abofia village, 325 respondents with 2061 household members in Ofutu Ndiebor village; 217 respondents with 1479 household members in Onuebia; 271 respondents with 1327 household members in Mgbo Agbaja, and 177 respondents with 961 household members in Unagboke village.
Page | 21
The percentages of respondents to the Fig. 4-2: Respondent and Household socioeconomic survey appear to reflect Distribution the population and development No. of Respondents No. in Household densities across the affected villages.
2061 4.4.2 Gender, Age and Household 1857 1661 1479 1327 Size of Respondents 961 The survey data indicates that of the 352 325 256 217 271 177 respondents in the survey 55% are males while 45% are females in Amike Aba village, 48% and 52% in Abofia village, 53% and 47% in Ofutu Ndiebor village, 81% and 19% in Onuebia village,66% and 34% in Mgbo Agbaja village and 51% and 49% in Unagboke village as shown in Figure 4-2.The respondents’ household data however, reflects Fig. 4-4: Gender Distribution of Households a fairly even male/female distribution for all the villages as shown in Figure 4-3 and 4-4. Male Female
54.6% 49.2% Women in the project area are mainly involved 50.8% 50.8% 49.2% 52.8% 45.4% 51.9% 51.3% in traditional agriculture and home-keeping. 47.2% 48.1% 48.7% Generally, men are more mobile than the women as the men are more involved in the pursuit to provide for the family.
The age distribution data (Figure 4-5) of the respondents indicate that 97.2% of Abofia respondent households are below the age of 50 while 2.8% are in their 50s and above. The survey further shows that 69.5% of the households are below the age of 20 years. For Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia and Mgbo Agbaja villages, 92.8%, 95.6%, and 93.6%, respectively of household members are below the age of 50 years with 55.6%, 55.2% and 50.4% respectively less than 20 years of age. Fig. 4-5: Age Distribution in Households The survey further shows that between 70.6% and 84.5% of the household 70.0% members for all the villages are below 60.0% the age of 30 years (Figure 4-5). Also 50.0% between 14.3% and 26.1% of the 40.0% Abofia 30.0% households are between the ages of 31 Ofutu Ndiebor 20.0% to 60 years. The percentage of the 10.0% Onuebia respondents’ household members that 0.0% are above the age of 60 years for the four Mgbo Agbaja villages ranges between 1.3% and 3.3%.
Page | 22
The respondents’ household distribution from the survey ranged from a minimum of one person to a maximum of 16 persons. The average size of households is 5, 7, 6 and 8 persons for Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia and Mgbo Agbaja villages, respectively. 6% to 12% of the respondents have household sizes of one or two members while another 11% to 30% have household members of more than 8 persons (Figure 4-6). Between 8% and 38% of respondents have household sizes of between 3 and 8 persons.
Fig. 4-6: Household Size Distribution
Abofia Ofutu Ndiebor Onuebia Mgbo Agbaja
37% 35% 34% 33% 30% 25%26% 23% 20%21% 18% 17% 13% 11%12% 11% 11% 8% 8% 6%
1-2 Persons 3-4 Persons 5-6 Persons 7-8 Persons >8 Persons
4.4.3Marital Status of Respondents Between 24.0% and 42.6% of the village households are married while between 54.8% and 74.9% are single and between 1.2% and 3.3% of the households are widowed (Figure 4-7).
4.4.4 Access to Education The responses from the survey Fig. 4-7: Marital Status of Respondents population indicate that only 5% of the population of schooling age never attended school (Figure 4-8). Separated
The level of basic education for the Divorcee surveyed households (Figure 4-8) is Mgbo Agbaja relatively moderate with67.1% to 80.5% Widower of the surveyed population having Onuebia attained the FSLC level of education and Widow higher. Based on respondents’ Ofutu Ndiebor household data, between 59.3% and Abofia 78.8% of the population has Married attended/graduated from the primary school and the secondary education. Single This high literacy level within the project affected villages is also a reflection of the 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% literacy rate in the LGAs as a whole.
Page | 23
4.4.5 Occupational and Income Distribution of Respondents The occupational distribution data from the questionnaire indicate Fig. 4-8: Distribution of Educational Attainment that in Abofia 72.3% of the surveyed households are Post Graduate unemployed, 14.3% are engaged in farming, 10.5% are self- employed and 2.8% are employed Graduate in either the private sector or civil service. In Ofutu Ndiebor 63.7% Under-graduate Mgbo Agbaja of the surveyed households are Onuebia unemployed, 30.1% are engaged SSCE in farming, 5.5% are self- Ofutu Ndiebor employed and 0.7% are employed Abofia in either the private sector or civil FSLC service. In Onuebia 64.1% of the surveyed households are Illiterate unemployed, 9.7% are engaged in farming, 19.7% are self- employed and 6.5% are employed 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% in either the private sector or civil service. In Mgbo Agbaja village 47.1% of the surveyed households are unemployed, 35.5% are engaged in farming, 15.6% are self-employed and 1.8% is employed in either the private sector or civil service (Figure 4-9).
The main source of income for the households surveyed is income from farming across the communities. Less than 20% of the respondents reported owning a Fig. 4-9: Occupational Distribution of Households business or being self-employed. A disproportionate number of persons in 80.0% 70.0% all the villages are unemployed (as 60.0% high as 72% in Abofia, 64% in Ofutu 50.0% Ndiebor, 64% in Onuebia and 47% in 40.0% 30.0% Mgbo Agbaja). Based on the income 20.0% data provided by respondents in the 10.0% survey, 33%, 80%, 28% and 49% of 0.0% respondents in Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, and Mgbo Agbaja, respectively earn less than N20,000 monthly. It is worthy to note that with the exception of Onuebia village, over 60% of the respondents in the other three villages earn less than N30,000 per month. The figure is as high as Abofia Ofutu Ndiebor Onuebia Mgbo Agbaja 93% for Ofutu Ndiebor. The margin of error in the information provided on incomes may be significant considering that some of the respondents may have grossly inflated data provided with the intent to receive compensations in accordance with incomes indicated in the survey. The data provided could not be independently verified.
Page | 24
4.4.6 Household Waste Disposal
Most of the respondents dispose their Fig. 4-10: Income Distrbution for the Villages household wastes into convenience crevices. In many areas, the wastes 350 are also dumped at illegal dumpsites 300 created adjacent to the river corridor. 250 Solid waste management in the project 200 Abofia area is a considerable hazard to the 150 health of the population and the 100 Ofutu Ndiebor effective functioning of the stormwater 50 Onuebia drainage systems. In the project area, 0 unmanaged refuse disposal causes Mgbo Agbaja regular obstruction of the stormwater drainage systems. Domestic refuse is disposed randomly outside the residential compounds and the flood- prone areas are also treated as de facto waste disposal areas. The depicted situation in the project area is a clear reflection of the limited management and implementation of waste disposal mechanisms in most part of the state as well as the nation with majority of households disposing of their domestic refuse outside their compounds. During the wet season waste is washed through the presently unplanned drainage paths leaving a trail of refuse.
4.4.7 Health Services There are no hospitals in any of the villages involved in this project. However, Ofutu Ndiebor and Mgbo Agbaja villages maintain a rural health center administered by visiting medical personnel. No health centers are maintained by Abofia and Onuebia possibly because of their proximity to Abakaliki urban township.
Information/data obtained from respondents indicate that common diseases are diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, pneumonia, cough, skin diseases, deficiency diseases, eye diseases, ear diseases, and waterborne diseases due to malnutrition and lack of hygiene. The quality of the health services in the project area is generally poor. Most people go to quacks and medicine shops for minor medical treatment.
4.5 Desirability of the Project Most of the respondents in the 99% survey indicated immense 100% desirability for the project to proceed. 90% Many of them expressed a clear 80% wish for the project to proceed 70% before the next round of rainfall. YES 60% 4.6 Conflict Resolution 50% NO In Abofia and Mgbo Agbaja villages, 40% INDIFFERENT most of the respondents in the 30% survey (99%) prefer and find it most 20% convenient to have conflicts resolved 10% 0% 1% through informal traditional modes of 0% conflict resolution which currently Project Desirability exist within the communities. In Ofutu Ndiebor and Onuebia village, 98% of the survey respondents indicate preference for conflict resolution through informal
Page | 25
traditional modes of conflict resolution currently existing within their communities. While the court system is seen as an alternative means to resolve issues, only 1-2% of the respondents favour the court approach as shown in Figure4.12.
4.7Community Participation The direct involvement and active participation of relevant stakeholders Fig. 4-12: Preference for Conflict Resolution and the local level people in the planning and management processes of the Abofia Ofutu Ndiebor Onuebia Mgbo Agbaja project assures that any potential disharmonious issues within the community are resolved speedily. There 99% 98% 98% 99% will also be maximization of resource use and increased benefits and expanded opportunities for the communities in the project area.
Community participation improves understanding of the project and communication between the SPMU, the contractors and the community. The decision-making process for the project 1% 2% 2% 1% will also be enhanced by actively involving relevant stakeholders, Informal Traditional Resolution Court System especially the project affected persons and organizations with a stake in the project.
Table 4.1: Summary of Findings for All Socioeconomic Indicators S/No Socioeconomic Indicator Findings
1 Population Ebonyi State has a population of 2,176,947 (Males - 1,064,156 and Females - 1,112,791)The survey data indicates that the project area has a 2-6% margin of difference between the population of males and females for the six villages of Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke at the household level. This appears to reflect the state ratio for males and females. At the respondent level, the trend seems to be sustained except for Mgbo Agbaja village where the difference is as high as 33%.It is not certain why there is such a wide margin. 2 Ethnic Groups and Language Spoken The people of Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages consist of one major Nigerian ethnic group – the Igbos. The people generally speak and write mainly the Ibo and English languages. Clanism and kinship are strong elements and driving forces in control of political and cultural institutions and service points. The villages consist of groups of households whose families are inter-related through marriages. 3 Religion The members of Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke communities are predominantly of the Christian faith, mostly Catholics and Anglicans with some traditionalists and negligible Muslim community. 4 Land Use System Three major types of customary land tenure system exist in the six villages, viz: – (1) individual land ownership; (2) family land ownership; and. (3) communal land ownership. Individual ownership may be for indigenes or for residents of the community. Family lands (as well as individual lands) are inherited from generational relatives. Communities retain family lands which may never be sold but mostly used for agricultural purposes. About 90% of land is committed to agricultural production of food crops
Page | 26
S/No Socioeconomic Indicator Findings
which include rice, maize, cassava, yams, plantain, vegetables, etc. 5 Household Distribution in Project Area Based on the survey, 352 respondents with 1871 household members were documented in Amike Aba village, 256 respondents with 1661 household members in Abofia village, 325 respondents with 2061 household members in Ofutu Ndiebor village; 217 respondents with 1479 household members in Onuebia; and 271 respondents with 1327 household members in Mgbo Agbaja; and 177 respondents with 967 household members in Unagboke village 6 Gender, Age and Household Size of The survey shows that over 40% of the households in the six Respondents villages are below the age of 20 years while over 70% for all the villages are below the age of 30 years. For Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia and Mgbo Agbaja villages, 92.8%, 95.6%, and 93.6%, respectively of household members are below the age of 50 years. The percentage of the respondents’ household members that are above the age of 60 years for the six villages ranges between 1.3% and 3.3%. Household size distribution in the project area range from 1-16 persons with an average household size of 7 persons for the six villages. 7 Marital Status of Respondents Between 24.0% and 42.6% of the village households are married while between 54.8% and 74.9% are single and between 1.2% and 3.3% of the households are widowed
8 Access to Education There is a relatively moderate literacy level within the six communities with 67.1% to 80.5% of the surveyed population having attained the FSLC level of education and higher. However, about 19.5% of respondents not having attained the minimum of primary education appears on the high side 9 Occupational and Income Distribution of The occupational distribution data shows a high rate of Respondents unemployment in the six communities (Abofia - 72.3%, Ofutu Ndiebor - 63.7%, Onuebia - 64.1%, and Mgbo Agbaja village - 47.1%). This situation could pose a serious social risk when not properly managed
10 Household Waste Disposal Household wastes are indiscriminately dumped at illegal points or dumpsites adjacent to the river corridor. Solid waste management is a considerable hazard to health and the effective functioning of the stormwater drainage systems. Unmanaged refuse disposal causes regular obstruction of the stormwater drainage systems. 11 Health Services Records show that common diseases in project area include diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, pneumonia, cough, skin diseases, deficiency diseases, eye diseases, ear diseases, and waterborne diseases due to malnutrition and lack of hygiene. The quality of the health services in the project area is generally poor. Most people go to quacks and medicine shops for minor medical treatment. 12 Desirability of Project 99% of survey respondents indicated immense desirability for the project to proceed. 13 Conflict Resolution Mechanism 98-99% of survey respondents prefer that their conflicts be resolved through informal traditional modes of conflict resolution. Less than 2% favour resolution through the court system.
Page | 27
5.0 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS
5.1 Objective of Community Consultation The aims of the public participation and consultation process are:
1. Solicit inputs, views and concerns from the four affected communities as they relate to the project and obtain local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision-making; 2. Facilitate consideration of alternatives, mitigation measures and trade-offs, and ensure that important impacts are not overlooked and that benefits are maximized; 3. Reduce conflict through the early identification of contentious issues; and increase public confidence in the project. 4. Provide opportunity for the public to influence the project designs and implementation in a positive manner and improve transparency and accountability in decision-making;
5.2 Public Participation Process The potentially project affected individuals or group of persons identified as stakeholders in this project include those who live in close proximity to the river corridor; those who will hear, smell or see the development; those who may be forced to temporarily relocate because of the project; those who have interest either traditionally or administratively, over developmental activities or policy changes in the project area (they may or may not necessarily live in proximity of the project); and, those who infrequently use the land on which the project is located.
Community consultation was driven in a manner that encouraged active and sustained participation of the community members, particularly the six villages (Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke) through which the Ebia River transverses and usually flooded. This was to promote community ownership of the project and to enhance sustainability.
A pre-defined socio-economic questionnaire at the household level was administered for each of the six villages of Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke. The consultations are expected to remain ongoing exercise throughout the duration of the project to give the communities the opportunity to make contributions aimed at strengthening the development while avoiding negative impacts as well as reducing possible conflicts. Issues relating to project displacements and compensations, particularly with the project affected persons will continue to be handled to minimize chances of possible conflicts.
5.2.1 Stakeholders’ Identification Generally, five broad categories of stakeholders were identified for this project based on the degree to which the project activities may affect or involve such persons or group of persons. These stakeholders are grouped as shown in Table 7-1.
The adopted process consisted of:
i) Identification of any parties whose line of duties whether officially, socially, economically or culturally have direct or indirect bearing on any aspects of project activities. These parties may include individuals, groups, institutions or organizations that may be affected by the flood intervention activities; and, ii) Establishment of the stakeholders list and identification of specific stakeholder interests in relation to the project. The issues considered include: (a) the project's benefit(s) to the stakeholders; (b) potential changes to the routine activities of the stakeholders that may occur due to the project; and, (c) the project activities that may cause damage or conflict for the stakeholder.
Page | 28
Table 5-2 gives an initial list of identified stakeholders including their activities and operational areas in the villages traversed by the project. The list includes government functionaries, NGOs, FBOs and CBOs among others.
Table 5-1: Identified Stakeholder Groups GROUP DESCRIPTION ROLE(S) IN COMMUNITY PROCESS
Group-1 Individuals or group of persons whose day-to-day The identified persons or group of persons in lives/livelihoods may be directly affected by project this category will ultimately represent the activities. These people either reside or carry out project potentially-affected persons (PAPs) or their daily livelihood activities within 50meters of the households (PAHs) Ebia River bank.
Group-2 Individuals or group of persons whose day-to-day This category of persons served as traditional or administrative functions include mobilization points around which the oversight of developmental activities within the Consultant reached out to the other members project areas. of the community.
Group-3 Individuals or group of persons whose daily activities The category of persons may or may not be (including farming) bring them in close proximity to affected by the project but may be significant the project area. These people may either reside or contributors to the long term sustainability of carry out their daily livelihood activities outside of the the project. flooded areas but within the communities in which the project is located.
Group-4 CBOs, FBOs and NGOs who provided frequent This group of organizations essentially interface with the community members who may be contributes to and/or provide on a regular directly or indirectly affected by the project activities. basis to the spiritual and physical welfare as well as environmental health of the community.
Group-5 Individuals or group of persons who are political This group of individuals is collectively office holders and have significant responsibilities responsible for the political and general socio- toward community members within the project area. economic development of the communities among others within their respective political zones.
Page | 29
Table 5-2: List of Stakeholders and Their Responsibilities
GROUPS IDENTIFIED STAKEHOLDER AREA OF INTEREST IN PROJECT
Residents of Amike Aba Village PAPs/PAHs
Residents of Abofia Village PAPs/PAHs
Residents of Ofutu Ndiebor Village PAPs/PAHs Group-1 Residents of Onuebia Village PAPs/PAHs
Residents of Mgbo Agbaja Village PAPs/PAHs
Residents of Unagboke Village PAPs/PAHs
Office of the Village Head – Amike Aba Village Development and welfare of Amike Aba Village
Office of the Village Head - Abofia Village Development and welfare of Abofia Village
Office of the Village Head - Ofutu Ndiebor Village Development and welfare of Ofutu Ndiebor Village Group-2 Office of the Village Head - Onuebia Village Development and welfare of Onuebia Village
Office of the Village Head - Mgbo Agbaja Village Development and welfare of Mgbo Agbaja Village
Office of the Village Head - Unagboke Village Development and welfare of Unagboke Village
Residents of Amike Aba Village Individualized livelihood issues
Residents of Abofia Village Individualized livelihood issues
Residents of Ofutu Ndiebor Village Individualized livelihood issues Group-3 Residents of Onuebia Village Individualized livelihood issues
Residents of Mgbo Agbaja Village Individualized livelihood issues
Residents of Unagboke Village Individualized livelihood issues
Community-based Organizations Watershed protection and management
Group-4 Faith-based Organizations in the Villages (churches) Community spiritual and physical welfare
Non-governmental Organizations Protection of environmental health of communities
Office of the Chairman – Abakaliki LGA Development of the LGA including Ofutu Ndiebor and Onuebia villages
Office of the Chairman – Ebonyi LGA Development of the LGA including Abofia village
Office of the Chairman – Izzi LGA Development of the LGA including Mgbo Agbaja village Group-5 Office of the Hon. Member – Ebonyi State House of Development of the affected LGAs in the state Assembly constituency
Office of the Hon. Member – Ebonyi/Ohaukwu Federal Development of Ebonyi/Ohaukwu federal Constituency constituency
Office of the Distinguished Senator – EbonyiNorth Development of Ebonyi North Senatoral Zone Senatoral Zone
Page | 30
5.2.2 Community Consultations and Meetings Consultations began with initial separate meetings between the Consultant team and the Village Heads of the six communities affected by the project –Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke.
Subsequent meetings were held between the Consultant team and the communities’ stakeholders. The several meetings helped to structure effective participation of all other relevant segments of the community including the PAPs in the project process. The community members are actively and enthusiastically engaged in all matters relating to the project and eagerly assisted the Consultant in identifying pertinent socio-cultural issues relevant to the project.
Figure 5-1: Consultant Team at a Figure 5-2: Mgbo Agbaja Community/Stakeholders Meeting Community/Stakeholders’ Meeting
5.2.3 Summary of Meetings with Stakeholders
The community meetings discussed the need for the project and the associated potential impacts to the community members living or farming within the project corridor. The community members’ concerns and general thoughts were solicited and noted. The minutes of these meetings are included as Annex B. The community members particularly welcomed the project and expressed anxiety that remedial work should commence expeditiously to prevent occurrence of further flooding damages from the next rainy season. Summary of the proceedings at the meetings are shown in Table 5.3. Additional meetings are expected to be held prior to the commencement of field construction work. Such meetings will include the project-affected persons and households. Issues pertaining to relocations and compensations for losses (means of livelihoods and properties) shall be discussed at such meetings.
Figure 5-3:Ofutu Ndiebor Community Page | 31
Stakeholders’ Meetings
Figure 5-4: Community/Stakeholders’ Meeting – Figure 5-5: Community Meeting – Questionand Table 5.3 SummaryQuestion and of Answer Stakeholders’ Session Answer Session Meetings Held on October 27 & 28, 2015at the Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia and Mgbo Agbaja Village Squares.
ITEMS DESCRIPTION
NEWMAP ESMP & RAP 1. Project Amike Aba, Abofia Village, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke Villages 2. Name of community October 27& 28, 2015; December 6 & 7, 2015 3. Date 4. Language of Igbo and English communication 5. Introductions and The meeting started at various times for the different communities, each with an opening opening remarks prayer and the breaking of kolanuts. The key members of each community were introduced to the Consultant following which the Consultant teammembers were also introduced by the facilitator, Mr. Victor Chukwu.
6. Remarks by the The Consultant, Dr. Odili Ojukwu, in his remarks gratefully acknowledged the huge turnout by Consultant the various segments of each of the communities.
He informed the audience that it was the Ebia River flooding problem and the consequent displacements of homesteads, farmlands and other assets that precipitated the meetings. The challenges posed by the flooding have drawn the attention of the Ebonyi State Government, the Federal Government and World Bank. This is being actualized through NEWMAP, with the State Project Management Unit (SPMU) as the Ebonyi State implementation agency. A key element of the flood control design is channelization of Ebia River to terminate at Ebonyi River. The channelization corridor will largely straighten out the current snaky route of Ebia River; therefore, there is the possibility that people’s land and other assets would be affected in the course of physical construction of the channel. The construction work and the channel would also affect other elements of the physical environment. The consultant will identify and document any persons and elements of the environment that would be affected by the project and recommend appropriate mitigation measures and compensation packages to the SPMU for necessary action. He requested the cooperation of the community members as staff of the Consultant proceeds with all aspects of the field work. He emphasized the need for the communities to show interest in the project, monitor every aspect of project implementation with a view of taking full ownership of the project upon completion. The communities were told of the socioeconomic and census survey that is part of the project with a cut-off date of November 3, 2015. Every member of the community that has structures, land, livelihoods or any other assets along the flood corridor should
Page | 32
ITEMS DESCRIPTION
ensure such documentation within the census period. No further documentation would be allowed after the cut-of- date, November 3, 2015. 7. Questions and The communities asked to know: concerns The criteria for determining those that will be affected by the project; If the channelization route cuts across existing roads, who would fix the road? What are the size dimensions of the proposed channel? Will there be compensation for farmlands? What are the differentiating roles of the SPMU and the consulting firm? Will the existing bridge be affected by the channelization work? What specific roles would the youths play in the project implementation? 8. Responses to the The consultant informed each community that : concerns Any persons whose lands, buildings (whether residential or commercial), economic trees and cash crops fall within the ROW of the project will be affected.
The channelization right of way (ROW) is about 45.6m wide and a length of about 5.0km The depth of the concrete channel is 4.0m.
Heavy equipments will be required during the project implementation. Because of the expected activities, there will be increase in vehicular traffic, increase in noise, increase in fugitive dusts, water ponding and solid waste management and all these will create some impacts on the people along the Ebia River corridor.
Compensation for people’s assets and loss of livelihood means shall follow extant laws and World Bank policies on social safeguards.
The SPMU is the agency statutorily charged with the project implementation in the state. The Consultant is employed by the SPMU to undertake this assignment and there is no conflict of roles of the SPMU and the Consultant.
Existing bridges will be reconstructed and appropriate drainage channels installed.
The consultant encouraged the youths to mobilize and become a positive active part of the project. The youths are expected to play meaningful roles during project implementation.
9. Perceptions about the Community members lamented the adverse effects of the floods on their livelihoods and Project communities over the years, and then expressed gratitude and commendation to the federal and Ebonyi State governments and the World Bank for the proposed flood control intervention. They further expressed willingness to provide necessary support to all parties involved with implementation of the project and look forward to the immediate project commencement. 10. Closing Comments & The communities thanked the Consultant team for their visit and assured them of the Remarks communities’ co-operation towards the project. The meeting ended at various times for the various communities. The total attendance at the six community-based meetings was 1,532 persons comprising of 782 males and 750 females. Attendance for Amike Aba village was of 89 persons (71 males and 18 females);Abofia village was 235 persons (124 males and 111 females); Ofutu Ndiebor village was308 persons (155 males and 153 females), Onuebia villagewas246 persons (141 males and 105females), Mgbo Agbaja villagewas539 persons (237 males and 302females) and Unagboke village was of 115 persons (54 males and 61 females);.
5.3 Social Issues/Risks The RAP aims at ensuring the PAPs are not worse off than they would have been without the project. It seeks to ensure that any losses incurred by the PAPs are addressed in a manner that gets them to share from the project benefits. These people should be assisted to develop their social and economic potential so as to improve or restore their incomes and living standards to pre-project levels. In developing the RAP, consideration was particularly given to the peculiarities of need for disabled persons, women, children and other vulnerable groups. The key social issues that emerged through the above processes include:
Page | 33
1. Community safety – Concerns regarding community safety with the next cycle of the rainy season was keenly expressed. The community is quite very apprehensive of the advancement of the floods particularly in relation to health and safety risks posed to the school children; 2. Flooding leads to damages and loss of crops and livestock, personal possessions, spread diseases such as typhoid, cholera, diarrhea, and malaria, and cause pit latrines to overflow; 3. Livelihoods – loss of access to roadways, crop lands and pasture. 4. Resettlement – impacts and compensation measures for economic and physical displacement during project implementation. 5. Awareness creation was necessary for the long-term success of the project; and that manpower development should be included in the programme to enhance project sustainability.
5.4 Guiding Principles In order to ensure that this RAP complies with the WB OP 4.12 and international best practices regarding resettlement, the Consultant and the Ebonyi State NEWMAP are guided by the following principles:
Principle 1: Resettlement must be avoided or minimized The project civil and biological works have been designed so as to cause the least possible displacement and/or disruption while maximizing the effect of flood and erosion control in the project.
Principle 2: Genuine consultation must take place The primary concern of MOE and Ebonyi NEWMAP is to ensure that the rights and interests of the PAPs are considered seriously as it places focus on resettlement. For this reason, local level consultative forums serve as community voices and become part of the entire project process.
Principle 3: Establishment of a pre-resettlement baseline data To support the successful reestablishment of affected property, the following activities will be undertaken prior to displacement. An inventory of assets (landholdings and economic trees/crops) to determine fair and reasonable levels of compensation or mitigation. A census detailing household composition and demography, and other relevant socio- economic characteristics. The asset inventories and census information were used to determine entitlements. The information obtained from the inventories and census shall be entered into a database to facilitate resettlement/relocation planning, implementation and monitoring.
Principle 4: Assistance in relocation must be made available EBSG will guarantee the provision of any necessary compensation for people whose lands will be disturbed to ensure construction of the Ebia River Channelization, or any other disturbances of productive land associated with the project in proportion to their loss.
Principle 5: A fair and equitable set of compensation options must be negotiated Compensation will be paid for land and economic trees/crops that are disturbed in accordance with the World Bank policy and rates derived from market value comparables for trees/crops.
Principle 6: Vulnerable social groups must be specifically catered for Members of vulnerable groups will include people who are physically weaker, and may need special help, female-headed households, aged persons and very young children. Account was taken of this group in the consultation and planning processes, as well as in establishing grievance procedures.
Page | 34
Principle 7: Resettlement must be seen as an upfront project cost Global experience shows that unless resettlement is built in as an upfront project cost, it tends to be under budgeted, that money gets whittled away from the resettlement budget to ‘more pressing’ project needs, and that it tends to be seen as peripheral to the overall project. Ebonyi NEWMAP will ensure that compensation costs, as well as those resettlement costs that fall within their scope of commitment, are built into the overall project budget as up-front costs.
Principle 8: An independent monitoring and grievance procedure must be in place In addition to internal monitoring that will be provided by Ebonyi NEWMAP, an independent team comprising local administrators and the community members will undertake monitoring of the resettlement aspect of the project. Grievance procedures will be made fully accessible to all affected parties, with particular concern for the situation of vulnerable groups. Monitoring will specifically take place via measurement against the pre-resettlement database.
Principle 9: World Bank’s operational procedure on forced resettlement The World Bank’s operational policy 4.12 on involuntary resettlement will be adhered to. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programmes. Ebonyi NEWMAP and this RAP aim to adhere to these standards.
Page | 35
6.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF PROPOSED PROJECT
6.1 Field Findings The primary project objective is the realignment of the Ebia River and channelization of the river corridor traversing Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke villages. Access to the upper and lower segments of the project location is through any of the existing three roads Ogbaga Road (Access Road No.1),Abofia – Ofutu Ndiebor Road(Access Road No.2) and Agbaja–Azumili Road (Access Road No.3), the last two of which require rehabilitation. The rehabilitation of these roadswill involve re-grading of the existing paved roadways and the construction of appropriate drainage channels.The two roads serve as major trading and transportation links between the people of the six communities and the people of Abakaliki and other towns on the eastern flank of Ebia River. These roadways are currently in complete disrepair and are excessively potholed resulting from years of soil erosion and roadway potting.
Based on the project engineering designs and Consultant field observations, several direct and indirect impacts on the environment and on the population groups were identified. The impacts include potential physical, social, economic and social effects.There are however no existing structures along the entire segment of the proposed 45.6 meters-width ROW for the channelization works.
6.2 Potential Project Impact Areas
6.2.1 Rehabilitation of Flood and Erosion Corridor The realignment and channelization of the Ebia River corridor involves civil construction and biological works that include: cutting and filling for percentage recovery; compaction of soils; concrete casting; assembling of structures, gabion-based slope stabilization, terracing; structured vegetation; specific trees planting with known root strength; and, economic trees planting.The identified project impacts are detailed under Section 6.3 below.
6.2.2 Reworking of Ogbaga Road (Access Road No.1) at Ogbaga Bridge The construction of the channelization head at the Ogbaga Bridge along this access road will result in increase construction activities on this road. The impacts anticipated from the activities to be carried out for this project component include noise, vehicular emissions and fugitive dust. Although these environmental impacts may be significant, the impacts can however, be mitigated to less than significance.
6.2.3 Rehabilitation of Abofia – Ofutu Ndiebor Road (Access Road #2) The rehabilitation of this access road will involve the re-grading of the roadway corridor and reconstruction of the existing bridge. Specifically, the impacts anticipated from the activities to be carried out for this project component include noise, vehicular emissions and dust. Also, although these environmental impacts may be significant, the impacts can however, be mitigated to less than significance.
6.2.4 Rehabilitation of Agbaja–Azumili Road (Access Road #3) The rehabilitation of this access road will also involve the re-grading of the roadway corridorand reconstruction of the existing bridge. Specifically, the impacts anticipated from the activities to be carried out for this project component include noise, vehicular emissions and dust. Also, although these environmental impacts may be significant, the impacts can however, be mitigated to less than significance.
Page | 36
6.3. Identified Project Impacts The proposed project, based on the engineering designs, will potentially create both negative and positive social impacts. This section discusses these impacts and proposes mitigation measures and their management in order to reduce the negative impacts to levels of acceptance as well as enhance the positive impacts.
6.3.1 Potential Positive Project Impacts The following positive social impacts are identified for this project: • Improved flow of traffic in and out of the project area neighborhood upon completion of project; • Improved business opportunities along the Access Road No.1,Access Road No.2 and Access Road No.3 routes; • Reduced costs of transport and delays on travelling along these access roads; • Improved livelihoods for the area residents due to reduced cost of transportation; • Opening of the affected area to potential investors; • Improved landscape vista is anticipated with a sustained corridor of economic trees within the project area; • Several temporary employment opportunities will be created by the project. During the construction phase, both skilled and un-skilled laborers will benefit from job opportunities.
6.3.2 Potential Negative Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Environmental Impacts (WB OP 4.01) The proposed project will lead to temporary environmental impacts that include loss of vegetation, dust evolution, noise and vibration generation, among others. In addition, the project during implementation may lead to pollution of ground and surface water during rainy seasons. It is recommended that construction works should be carried out in a manner that would avoid or minimize identified negative impacts. These are described as follows:
Loss of Vegetation The proposed project will result in the removal and/or destruction of vegetation. Removal of vegetation will result in immediate and long term loss of habitats for land, flora, fauna, and endemic species. The magnitude of this impact is however considered high given the size of land involved (29.9 ha of land). Additionally, the project staging areas will suffer increased vegetation damage during construction phase. Mitigation Measures: a) All construction areas not part of the channelization corridor where vegetation is destroyed during construction shall be allowed to re-vegetate immediately following the construction phase. b) As much as possible appropriate vegetation shall be replanted in all areas to provide effective soil coverage and prevent erosion.
Fugitive Dust The frequent vehicular and equipment movements in the project areas during construction will result in generation of fugitive dust within the areas. Fugitive dust has a discomforting effect on people and may also create vascular and breathing problems for people, especially for persons living or working in close proximity to the construction areas. Mitigation Measures: Dust control shall be achieved through dust suppression using water spray mechanism. It is necessary to ensure that water spray tankers are always available during construction activities.
Page | 37
Sociocultural Impacts (WB OP 4.12) The proposed project is likely lead to socio-cultural effects on the community members, including school children in the project area.
Dust, Noise and Vibration Generation During project implementation, construction works will cause interference on learning due to the noise and dust generation from the truck movements, soil backfilling and compaction, and excavation works. Mitigation Measures The same measures applicable to noise and dust control specified above shall also apply here. Vehicle and equipment operators shall be required to be extremely cautious as they operate during the construction phase of the project.
Loss of land Land within the 45.6 meters ROW is required as the corridor for the Ebia River realignment and channelization. Mitigation Measures: Owners of acquired land shall be compensated for land in accordance with the WB and Nigerian Policies on land acquisition. Where however, there are any improvements to the land, compensations will also be considered for those improvements including any economic trees and farm crops.
Displacement of persons Residents/tenants of building structures within 50 meters of the proposed River ROW with fragile health conditions, such as asthma or advancement in age, etc., may likely be adversely impacted by effects resulting from project activities. Such identified persons will be considered vulnerable persons and required to be temporarily relocated during the construction phase. Mitigation Measures: Identified health-based or age-based project affected persons shall be temporarily relocated during the construction phase of the project. Such persons shall also be compensated for the inconveniences of the temporary relocation. Temporary relocation shall not exceed 90 days overall in accordance with construction schedule.
Loss of Economic Trees/Farm Crops Economic trees/farm crops within the channelization ROW required for construction and for the gabion stabilization may be destroyed. Mitigation Measures: Owners of damaged economic trees/farm crops shall be compensated based on fair market values.
6.4 Identification of Project Affected Population The identified project affected assets are summarized in Table 6-1. The land area required for the River channelization ROW is 73.78 Acres. The identified residential or business premises with the associated households (PAHs) and persons (PAPs) that may be temporarily affected by the project activities based on health-related issues are summarized in Table 6-2. A total of 78 persons from 24 households are so identified for temporary relocation. Additionally, a total of 691 persons are identified whose farmlands would be affected by project activities along the flood corridor. These persons include 186 PAPs from Amike Aba village, 104 PAPs from Abofia village, 93 PAPs from Ofutu Ndiebor, 96 PAPs from Onuebia village,123 PAPs from Mgbo Agbaja village, and 89 PAPs from Unagboke village. The identified PAPs represent owners/residents/tenants of buildings located within possible construction staging areas, owners/residents/tenants of buildings located within 50m of the River channelization ROW, and vulnerable persons living in close proximity to the construction activity areas.
Page | 38
Table 6-1: Summary of Project Affected Assets River Assets Affected by Project Project (Flood) S/No Component Section Permanent Temporary Economic Land Length Structures Structures Trees/Crops Amike Aba 72960 m2 1 1.60 km 0 0 Varied Section (18.02Ac) Abofia 29640 m2 2 0.65 km 0 0 Varied Section (7.32Ac) Ofutu 36480 m2 3 Ndiebor 0.80 km 0 0 Varied (9.01Ac) Section Onuebia 36480 m2 4 0.80 km 0 0 Varied Section (9.01Ac) Mgbo Agbaja 100320 m2 5 2.20 km 0 0 Varied Section (24.78Ac) Unagboke 22800 m2 6 0.50 km 0 0 Varied Section (5.63Ac) Access Road 7 0 0 0 0 #1 Access Road 8 0 0 0 0 #2 Access Road 9 0 0 0 0 #3 298680 m2 TOTALS 0 0 (73.78Ac)
Consideration of the project affected population/persons was based on the review of the flood control designs, digital satellite imageries, the projected road rehabilitation activities, and the field observations by the RAP team along the project corridor. The identified population groups which were considered as targets that may be affected by the different project components include the following: a. Owners of building structures located within the 45.6 meters ROW for the River channelization; b. Owners of building structures located in areas to be used as construction staging areas during the construction phase of the project; c. Residents/tenants of the buildings structures identified in items (1) and (2) above whether the structures are permanent or temporary; residential or commercial; d. Land owners within the 45.6 meters ROW for the River channelization; e. Residents/tenants of buildings structures along the three Access Roads which lead to the upper and lower sections of the project areas, whether the structures are permanent or temporary residential or commercial; and, f. Economic trees/crops owners along the 45.6 meters ROW for the River channelization;
Page | 39
Table 6-2: Potential Project Affected Households and Persons Potential Project River (Flood) Affected Structures Ebia River No. of No. of Persons S/No. Section Requiring Temporary Flood Section Household in Household Length Relocation of Occupants
1 Amike Aba 1.60 km 2 3 13
2 Abofia 0.65 km 1 2 7
3 Ofutu Ndiebor 0.80 km 1 2 11
4 Onuebia 0.80 km 3 5 17
5 Mgbo Agbaja 2.20 km 1 3 10
6 Unagboke 0.50 km 1 2 6
Access Road #1 0 0 0
Access Road #2 3 4 12
Access Road #3 2 3 6 TOTAL 6.55 Km 14 24 78
In determining the actual number of project affected assets, households and persons, consideration was given to the potential impacts that may result from the activities of the proposed project bearing in mind the actual distance of the household to the channelization ROW and the nature of work to be done in the particular area closest to the household. Specifically, for each building structure where the household lives or carries out daily routine activities, the questions considered relating to potential impacts are: Is asset currently affected by the flood? If so, has asset been subsequently restored? Is asset within 50 m of the edge of channelization ROW? Will asset be impacted by project activities? Are persons associated with asset impacted by project activities?
A “yes” to all the above questions marks the household as a target for potential resettlement, relocation or some form of compensation.
Based on the above considerations, the project impact significance and the potential for resettlement was developed. This is summarized in Table 6-3.
Page | 40
Table 6-3: Summary of Project Impact Significance and Potential Need for Resettlement Impact Need for S/No. Population Group Identified Project Impact Significance Resettlement Owners of structures within None. 1 45.6m ROW for None Not Significant Compensation channelization not required
Compensation • Vibration from heavy Significant but may be required Owners of buildings located equipment reduced to less for temporary 2 within construction staging • Noise than significant with displacement in areas • Vehicular emissions mitigation accordance with • Fugitive dust measures WB Policy
Compensation • Vibration from heavy Significant but may be required Residents/tenants of equipment reduced to less for temporary 3 buildings identified in (1) & • Noise than significant with displacement in (2) above • Vehicular emissions mitigation accordance with • Fugitive dust measures WB Policy
Land owners whose lands Yes. Loss of land and/or 4 are required as ROW for Significant Compensation is economic trees/crops channelization required
Compensation • Vibration from heavy Significant but may be required Residents/tenants of equipment reduced to less for temporary 5 buildings along the three • Noise than significant with displacement in project access roads • Vehicular emissions mitigation accordance with • Fugitive dust measures WB Policy
Trees/farm crops owners Yes. Loss of economic 6 within the ROW for Significant Compensation is trees/farm crops channelization required
Vulnerable Group Vulnerable group refers to the people who by virtue of gender, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits. Of the 769 persons identified as PAPs, 32 of them are considered particularly vulnerable by virtue of physical disability, age and gender/illness. The 32 persons are: (1) vulnerable on account of physical disability; (2) vulnerable on account of ill health and woman headed household; and, (3) vulnerable on account of age (elderly person over 75 years old)
In addition to the support to be provided for the 769 PAP group, special provision for the vulnerable group will be made to enhance their livelihood through subsistence allowance at a rate N10,000.00 per month for a total of six months within which period the major aspect of the project intervention works ought to have been complete.
Page | 41
7.0 PROPOSED RESETTLEMENT PLAN
7.1 Eligibility The only persons who will be considered as qualified for compensation must be pre-identified PAPs. These people will directly or indirectly be subjected to the following losses:
7.1.1 Loss of Assets Compensation will be for assets on the land, as well as other assistance in order to mitigate the adverse consequences that affect people and communities when they give up property for public good. In this project, there is loss of mainly agricultural lands resulting from the project. The process of mitigating the project impacts on PAPs will involve only cash compensation. There will not be any physical permanent relocation of the PAPs. All persons who are affected regardless of their legal status concerning the affected lands and economic trees/crops are considered eligible for compensation as described in Table 6-3.
7.1.2 Loss of Livelihood It is noteworthy that some PAPs have grown economic trees and crops within the land required for channelization along the river corridor. Consequently, these PAPs will not only suffer loss of income from the trees and crops but may also suffer permanent loss of livelihood. Thus, the project may consider livelihood compensations to these PAPs.
7.2 Entitlement Matrix Acquisition of land for the project will adversely affect the livelihood of persons, who live, work or earn their living on the land that will be acquired for the project. Before the commencement of the project, a mechanism for compensation of PAPs should be in place to avoid household economic difficulties that will result due to loss of land and/or economic trees/crops.
For the purpose of this report and bearing in mind that land ownership is statutorily vested in government, the entitlement list will include persons appropriately defined as follows:- Persons who have a right to the needed land; Persons who use and cultivate the needed land on any form of arrangements; or Persons whose standards of living are adversely affected as a consequence of the project activities.
Table 7-1: The Entitlement Matrix for Various Identified Categories of PAPs
Type of Loss Entitled Person Description of Entitlement
1. Permanent loss of land 1.1 (a)Legal owners of 1.1 (a) Land for land compensation is neither land practicable nor desirable due to nature of 1.1 project. Cash compensation at replacement Cultivatable/residential/com (b)Occupancy/Hereditar value based on market rate plus 10% mercial land y tenant compulsory acquisition surcharge as second option
(b) Compensation will be paid as a one-time lump sum grant for restoration of livelihood and assistance for relocation. .
2. Damage to land (such as 2.1. (a)Legal owner/s 2. 1 (a) & (b) Restoration of land to pre- abutting sub-project site) construction condition or cash compensation (b) Village/s or clan/s at prevailing rates for necessary bulldozer/ 2.1. By excavation etc. from with customary tractor hours to restoring level and/or borrows for earth for ownership truckloads of earth for fill construction.
Page | 42
Type of Loss Entitled Person Description of Entitlement
2.2 By severance of 2.2. No project impact is agricultural holding envisaged
3. Loss of income and 3.1.Cultivator occupying 3.1. Estimated net income for each lost livelihood land cropping season, based on land record averages of crops and area planted in the 3.1. Temporary loss of previous four years access to land for cultivation
3.2. Loss of agricultural 3.2. (a) Owner/s of crops 3.2. (a) Cash compensation for loss of crops, and fruit and wood or trees. Includes agricultural crops at current market value of trees. crops/trees owned by mature crops, based on average production. encroachers/squatters 3.3 Loss of income by Compensation for loss of fruit trees for agricultural tenants because (b) Tenant average fruit production years to be computed of loss of land they were at current market value. cultivating 3.3 Persons working on the affected lands Compensation for loss of wood-trees at current market value of wood (timber or firewood, as the case may be).
3.2. (b) Partial compensation to tenants for loss of their crops/trees as per due share or agreement (verbal or written)
3.3 One-time lump sum grant to agricultural tenants (permanent, short-term or long-term agricultural labor (this will be in addition to their shares in crop/tree compensation)
a) Tree/perennial crops: Harvesting of the crops will be given a first priority but where harvesting is not possible, counting of the affected crops will be done in the presence of the owner. Computation of the costs will be done according to market rates b) Annual crops: Crops will be harvested by the owner and therefore no compensation will be paid for crops. Where crops cannot be harvested, compensation at the market rate will be paid
4. Permanent loss of 4.1. No project impact is Not Applicable Structures identified or envisaged
4.1 Residential and commercial structures
4.2. Cultural, Religious, and 4.2. Persons officially Compensation will be paid as a one-time lump community structures responsible for the up sum grant for restoration of livelihood and /facilities School, church, keep of the identified assistance for relocation. water channels, pathways, facility and other community structures/installations 5. Special provision for 5.1 Women headed 5. Needs based special assistance to be vulnerable APs households, disabled or provided either in cash or in kind. 5.1.Re-establishing and/or enhancing livelihood
Page | 43
Type of Loss Entitled Person Description of Entitlement
elderly persons and the landless
5.2 Change in Livelihood for 5.2. (a) Vulnerable APs, 5.2 (a) &(b).Restoration of livelihood women and other vulnerable particularly Women (vocational training) and subsistence APs that need to substitute enrolled in a vocational allowance @ agreed rate per day for a total of their income because of training facility 6 months while enrolled in a vocational adverse impact training facility 5.2. (b) owner/s whose landholding has been reduced to less than 5 acres
Unanticipated adverse The Project team will deal with any unanticipated consequences of the impact due to project Project during and after project implementation in the light and spirit of intervention or associated the principle of the entitlement matrix. activity
7.3 Valuation Procedures The valuation process adopted in developing this RAP complies with the Laws of Nigeria and the World Bank guidelines. This process is summarized in Table 7-2.
Table 7.2: RAP Valuation Process ASSET PROCESS RECOMMENDATIONS
Land with Steps: a) The required land without Structures There is no land with structures identified that will be structures needed for affected by the project. No compensation for structures project is approximately is therefore expected. about 73.78Acres. Land without a) Inventory: As part of the RAP, the names and contact structures details of all persons affected by the project have been b) Ebonyi NEWMAP/EBSG documented. will pay compensation for b) Compensation: The RAP data sheet spells out how land without structures each person is affected and indicates how much acquired for project in compensation will be paid for crops and trees lost. accordance with the WB c) Payment: The project requires about 73.78Acres of and Nigerian land Policies. privately owned land without structures to be used as channelization ROW. Ebonyi NEWMAP/EBSG is c) Ebonyi NEWMAP/MOE will therefore expected to compensate the PAPs on Land. provide transportation for Lost business The six villages are essentially agrarian communities. the PAPs that will be profits and Permanent loss of their land implies permanent loss of temporarily relocated for employee the business outlets or their means of livelihood. health reasons during earnings Compensations for business profit losses or earnings construction works and are expected. back to their residences Crops/Trees on Economic Trees/Crops: Harvesting of the crops by the after completion of works. the fields owners will be given a first priority. However, to assure Cash compensation in lieu cultivated by safety of the people such trees/crops shall be of transportation could also those affected considered lost to the project. Consequently, be made to the affected compensation will be paid to owners for their persons. trees/crops. Counting of identifiable affected trees will be done by a registered Valuer and EBSG agent in the d) The owners of economic presence of the owner. Computation of the costs will be trees/crops on acquired done according to market rates and payments thereafter lands will be entitled to made either at EBSG offices, or through the offices of safely remove any crops the Village Heads. they wish to salvage within
Page | 44
ASSET PROCESS RECOMMENDATIONS
Temporary a) Inventory: The names and contact details of all one week of notification to relocation for persons whose health may be affected by activities of do so. environmental the project have been documented as part of this RAP. induced health b) Compensation: The RAP data sheet spells out how e) Notwithstanding the reasons each person is affected and indicates how much provisions in item (d) compensation will be paid for relocation and for what above, owners of affected periods of time. economic trees/crops will c) Payment: The Ebonyi NEWMAP/EBSG is therefore be entitled to compensation expected to pay the relocation costs of these PAPs and for those trees/crops within also provide the transportation means of moving these acquired land for project. persons to the new locations and back to their homes Compensation will be at the when the health risk elements have been completely prevailing market rates and removed. as outlined in Table 7-1.
7.4 Compensation for Losses and Other Assistance Cash compensation is adopted as the mitigation measure for the needed agricultural land and the economic trees/crops which will be affected. Necessary assistance will also be provided to PAPs for temporary relocation to prevent unhealthy exposures to potential environmental health issues arising from the project.
To qualify as project affected person (PAP), the individual must be identified as a candidate for any of the following: resettlement, relocation, loss of land, and/or loss of economic trees/crops. Resettlement refers to the involuntary displacement of a person from his/her regular place of residence or business as a result of demolition of a structure to allow for project activities. Relocation refers to the involuntary temporary displacement of a person from his/her regular place of residence or business as a result of an adverse environmental and/or human health condition to allow for project activities. These displacements shall require some compensation in accordance with the provisions of WB OP 4.12 and other statutory requirements.
Vulnerable persons for this project are considered to include women, children and elderly people suffering from illness. Only PAPs who registered and met the cut-off date during the baseline survey are considered to be eligible for any form of compensation or assistance.
7.4.1 Resettlement Measures There are no resettlements identified for this project since no structures whether residential or commercial are impacted by the project.
7.4.2 Compensation for Land Losses The total land size estimated for acquisition is approximately 73.78Ac. This is calculated as a product of the total length of the channelization sections through each flood community and the total width of land required as ROW for the river channel. Since land is statutorily owned by government, no compensation is expected for land acquisition.
The WB Policy OP4.12 requires that appropriate compensation be paid to involuntarily displaced persons to a level that improves or at least restores their income and living standards after displacement. In accordance with this policy, all persons whose lands shall be acquired for the purpose of establishing the river channelization ROW in the project shall be compensated according to the Entitlement Matrix for various categories of PAPs (Table 7-1).
7.4.3 Compensation for Displacements The names and contact details of all persons whose health may be affected by activities of the project have been documented as part of this RAP. The RAP data sheet spells out how each
Page | 45
person is affected and indicates how much compensation will be paid for relocation and for what periods of time. The Ebonyi NEWMAP/EBSG is expected to pay the relocation costs of these PAPs and also provide the transportation means of moving these persons to the new locations and back to their homes when the health risk elements have been completely removed.
7.4.4 Compensation for Loss of Economic Trees/crops Harvesting of the crops by the owners will be given a first priority. However, to assure safety of the people, such trees/crops shall be considered lost to the project. Consequently, compensation will be paid to owners for their trees/crops. Compensation will be based on the size of cultivated land by the PAP and the computed unit cost of the cultivated crops. Payments will be made either at EBSG offices or through an SPMU-identified NGO or CBO with the office of the Village Heads serving as facilitators for effectiveness.
7.5 Formation of Dispute Resolution Committee It is recommended that two groups for dispute resolution – the Project Complaints Committee (PCC) and the PAP Committee (PAPC) – be established for the resolution of disputes arising from the implementation of the Ebia River flood control project. The PCC shall be responsible for providing support to the entire project and receive/resolve disputes associated with any aspects of the project. The PAPC shall provide specific necessary support and resolution of the potential PAP related issues in accordance with provisions of this RAP.
The PAP Committee shall consist of the following: One State NEWMAP officer; Three project affected persons to be nominated by the PAPs (at least one must be a women); One representative of each Community; and, Two representatives of Project Site Committee.
The State NEWMAP officer shall serve as the Chairperson of the PAP Committee while the Secretary shall be appointed by the SPMU from among the PAP-members of the committee. The PAPC will provide support and be concerned with the following:
Public Awareness: This includes extensive consultation with the affected people so that they can air out their concerns, interests and grievances. This consultation will ensure that they own up the whole process of resettlement so that they do not oppose the implementation of the overall project; Compensation: Involves participation in the compensation process and also serves as dispute resolution body to negotiate and solve any problem that may arise relating to resettlement process. If it is unable to resolve any such problems, it will channel them through the appropriate grievance procedures laid out in this RAP report; Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E): Involves developing the monitoring and evaluation protocol for the whole process; Logistics: This involves exploring all mechanisms by which RAP can be implemented; and, Training and Counseling: This involves setting up protocols in the project for necessary trainings and counseling of the PAPs both socially and economically.
7.6 RAP Implementing Agent (RIA) The implementation of RAP requires the services of qualified experts. Upon approval of this RAP for implementation, the SPMU may engage the services of a qualified agent, preferably an NGO or CBO to undertake the implementation exercise. The duties of the agent will include, but not be limited to, liaising with the civil works contractor, the PAPs and other key stakeholders. The implementing agent will be expected to:
Page | 46
Deal with the social issues that will emerge during the implementation process; Be present throughout the RAP implementation process; Be skilled in managing community expectations Be experienced with Nigerian social issues; Have budgeting skills; Be punctual in meeting deadlines; and Possess project management skills for development as well as construction projects.
7.7 Compensation Procedures The compensation process will be undertaken by the RAP Implementing Agent (RIA) under the supervision of the SPMU and the Site Committee. The PAPs to be compensated will be identified by their representatives in the PAP Committee (PAPC). The PAPC will verify the affected households against the list of eligible persons enumerated at cut-off date to ensure that the correct compensation amount is paid to eligible persons. The PAPC will acknowledge the compensation offers in addition to acknowledgement of receipt of compensation by the PAP.
The following principles should be followed for payment of compensation for lost assets: Compensation shall be paid prior to land acquisition or displacement of persons; Compensation will be at replacement cost; The Compensation package will also include cost of moving, such as transport costs.
7.7.1 Relocation Times The PAPs to be temporarily relocated will be given a relocation time of at least two weeks and will be assisted in the process. This process and timing will be properly chosen to minimize transfer disturbances.
7.7.2 Livelihood Restoration The main objective of the RAP is to develop programmes that aim to improve the livelihoods of PAPs or restore them to the pre-displacement levels. In this project, the impact on land with economic trees/crops is such that sustainability of livelihoods will be affected hence cash-for-land compensation is adopted. This will apply to people who are not necessarily physically displaced but are affected by a land loss.
Other factors considered in relation to livelihood restoration include: Development of capacity building programs to train PAPs and other community members on self–employment skills and enterprise development Development of programs for provision of assistance to the entire community in areas requiring development of soil erosion prevention and control programs, sustainable watershed management and environmental sustainability programs. Adequate compensation to all the PAPs for lost assets, relocation inconveniences and income lost
7.8 Dispute Resolution and Grievance Redress Procedure
7.8.1 Dispute Resolution It is for the benefit of the State, the project and the PAPs to devise a mechanism through which complaints and disagreements can be smoothly resolved. Currently, there is a series of customary avenues that exist to deal with dispute resolution in the community and they will be employed as the “court of first appeal”, where relevant. The resettlement and compensation process will ensure that, if necessary, corrective action is taken expeditiously. Such mechanisms are fundamental to achieving transparency in the resettlement process.
It is recommended that all disputes arising from the project should be referred to the SPMU at the project level. The specific goal of the SPMU here will be to document and facilitate the dispute
Page | 47
resolution process, ensure effective and timely resolution thereby reducing the risk of escalation of conflicts and avoiding unnecessary delays. If necessary, the community Traditional Leadership shall be asked to provide recommendations as to how it is to be addressed. The committee shall ensure careful documentation of grievances and remedial actions to enhance accountability and to reduce liability. If deemed necessary by the PAP Committee, depending on the nature of the issue, the case should be referred to the Project Complaints Committee (PCC).
7.8.2 Dispute Over Land Matters During community consultation process, it was understood from the Communities that each community has established traditional mechanisms by which land ownership disputes are resolved. This mechanism borders on the community’s historical knowledge of every family within each village and the family’s ancestral land heritage. Consequently, all land ownership disputes are normally resolved along the lines of known family heritage and the well established and entrenched traditional norms. In the event of multiple land ownership dispute, the matter should be referred to the Community Traditional Leadership which will facilitate a speedy resolution of the matter.
7.8.3 Grievance Redress Mechanisms Grievance redress mechanisms are essential tools for allowing affected persons to express their concerns about the resettlement and compensation process as they may arise and, if necessary, for corrective action to be taken expeditiously. The grievance framework recommended for this RAP will be built on already existing structures within the affected community.
Page | 48
The recommended grievance redress procedure is as represented in Figure 7-1.
Figure 7-1: Grievance Redress Procedure
AFFECTED PARTY SPMU DECLARES A GRIEVANCE Grievance Resolved
COMMUNITY PAP Grievance Resolved TRADITIONAL Recommendations COMMITTEE NO FURTHER LEADERSHIP ACTION
PROJECT Grievance Resolved LEGAL Grievance COMPLAINTS ACTION Not Resolved COMMITTEE (PCC)
The Committees shall have ONE week from submission of any grievance to respond. Information about all dispute and grievance procedures is to be widely disseminated, through consultation forums, the Traditional Leadership, the Site Committee, the Local Government Council and the Media. The PAP Committee Secretary or nominated agent (in the absence of the Secretary) will keep a written record of all disputes/grievances raised and dealt with during the resettlement and compensation process. These records will be monitored regularly by the SPMU, the PCC and by the independent Monitoring Team. This will be undertaken as part of the on-going monitoring and evaluation process.
If negotiated settlement of grievances cannot be achieved through the normal procedural steps outlined in the mechanism of the committee, the complainant has the right to approach the court. A detailed information booklet on the GRRM procedure will be included in the community engagement plan to ensure that all PAPs know and understand the process and are able to access it whenever they feel the need. The effectiveness of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be one of the crucial monitoring indicators.
7.9 Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) One of the potential risks associated with displacement and resettlement is the subtle break up of social cohesion resulting from inordinate and inappropriate spending of compensation money by the head of households, at the detriment of other members of the household. It is necessary that the Safeguard Officers of the SPMU through an appointed local NGO carry out independent monitoring and evaluation to strengthen implementation consistency and follow-up of the whole project process. The NGO will work in consultation with the SPMU, PAPC and the PCC and report regularly to the SPMU and EBSG.
Page | 49
Through the RAP community consultation process, effective framework has already been established with the local communities. This provides an objective sounding board for the PAPs to relate concerns to the SPMU staffers or their appointed M & E Agent(s). The M & E officers will also work closely with the appropriate community organizations, such as the local churches to continuously identify and evaluate any problems and difficulties that may occur after the process of implementation. The SPMU and the M & E officers will also pay special attention to the vulnerable groups, such as the aged and women headed families.
Baseline data from socio-economic survey and census of the PAPs will be used as the control data measuring improvements or deterioration of the PAPs temporary relocation after displacement. Monitoring will focus on: Information about PAPs post compensation and entitlement spending; Relevance of relocation and RAP implementation timetable to overall project effectiveness; Content of grievances, efficiency of procedures and accountability in handling the grievance; Use of compensation money for those who invested it in profit-making enterprises; and Site conditions and progress in the post construction activities at the site.
7.9.1 Performance Indicators Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out focusing on the following key performance indicators:
(a) Travel time: The implementation of the project will go a long way in reducing the time spent traveling on the roads.
(b) Vehicle operating costs Road conditions contribute substantially to higher transport costs, due to higher vehicle operating costs. After the project implementation, mobility efficiency is expected to increases with reduced travel time as well as the fuel consumption for the vehicles using the corridor. The rate of replacement for vehicle spare parts will also reduce, as the vehicles will not be subject to poor road conditions currently being experienced in the corridor.
(c) Fares The improved road will allow for more trips for the public transport vehicles but with lower vehicle operating costs resulting to considerably lowering fares. Greater accessibility will also open up other routes which were previously not served by passenger transport operators.
(d) Prices of goods A market survey will be carried out to find out the effect of improved road conditions and provision of road side amenities along the corridor. Access to other production areas will increase availability of goods and the effect of this will be reduction in prices of goods. This accessibility will also strengthen competitive trading as there will be greater trade opportunities, locally and outside the corridor.
(e) Businesses emerging along the road New businesses will start along the roads, due to increased accessibility.
(f) Land use developments It will be expected that more land use development will occur with removal of the potent risk of flood and erosion in the area.
(g) Land values
Page | 50
Improvement of road conditions indeed increases accessibility to new development areas such as housing development and other activity areas. This will in turn increase the land development potential along the corridor hence increased land values. To determine the effect on land value, interviews will be conducted with land agents and landowners to establish changes in land values.
(h) Types of goods in the market. It is expected that a greater variety of goods will be found in markets along the improved corridor sections as a result of improved access to more production areas as well as more markets. Greater variety and quantity of goods found in markets could play a major role in lowering overall cost of produce. This evaluation will be done by use of market survey tools.
(i) Earning levels Developments in the form of businesses along the project sections of the corridor are expected to reduce the rate of unemployment in the area.
7.9.1 Completion Audit SPMU shall commission an external party to undertake an evaluation of RAP’s physical inputs to ensure and assess whether the outcome of RAP complies with the involuntary resettlement policy of the World Bank. The completion audit shall be undertaken after RAP inputs. The audit shall verify that all physical inputs committed in the RAP have been delivered and all services provided. It shall evaluate whether the mitigation measures prescribed in the RAP have the desired effect. The completion audit should bring to closure SPMU’s liability for resettlement.
Page | 51
8.0 ESTIMATED COST OF RAP
The overall cost for compensation and resettlement for land, economic trees/crops and temporary relocations under this RAP, including cost for, administration, monitoring and evaluation is N42,286,650.00 (forty two million two hundred and eighty six thousand, six hundred and fifty Naira) only. A breakdown of the compensation and resettlement costs is shown Table 8-1.
The underlying assumptions, consistent with the WB resettlement Policy framework (RPF)developed for NEWMAP sub-projects, upon which the RAP costs were developed are included in Table 8-2. Details of the cost estimates are shown in Table 8-3.
Table 8-1: Compensation and Resettlement Cost ITEM (BREAK DOWN AND DETAIL AS NO NIGERIA NAIRA US DOLLARS % APPROPRIATE) A COMPENSATION A1 LAND ACQUISITION A2 DESTRUCTION AND DAMAGES TO CROP 25,823,000.00 A3 STRUCTURES A4 COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE A5 DISTURBANCE ALLOWANCE 3,900,000.00 A6 CONTINGENCIES-OTHER COMPENSATION 780,000.00 TOTAL COMPENSATION 30,503,000.00 72.1% B RESETTLEMENT B1 RESETTLEMENT LAND PURCHASE B2 RESETTLEMENT LAND DEVELOPMENT B3 HOUSING CONSTRUCTION TOTAL RESETTLEMENT 0.00 0.00% C ADDITIONAL MITIGATION C1 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION MEASURES 3,200,000.00 C2 VULNERABLE GROUPS 1,920,000.00 C3 COORDINATION OF ADDITIONAL MITIGATIONS C4 GRIEVANCE MANAGEMENT 300,000.00 TOTAL ADDITIONAL MITIGATIONS 4,420,000.00 12.8% D IMPLEMENTATION COSTS 450,000.00 D1 SURVEYING AND ASSET PRE-IDENTIFICATION 450,000.00 D2 VALUATION 350,000.00 D3 COORDINATION AND WORKS SUPERVISION D4 LEGAL ADVICE 350,000.00 D5 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 750,000.00 D6 CAPACITY BUILDING 2,000,000.00 TOTAL IMPLEMENTATION 4,350,000.00 10.3% E CONTINGENCIES (5%) 2,013,650.00 4.8% GRAND TOTAL 42,286,650.00 100%
Page | 52
Table 8-2: Underlying Assumptions for Cost Estimation
S/N ITEM COST (NAIRA) ASSUMPTIONS
For land acquisition purposes, based Compensation for land 1 Per hectare on cost realized in projects involving acquisition similar issues in Nigeria
Compensation for loss of Per hectare of farm Include cost of labor invested and 2 crops lost average of highest price of staple food
Compensation for buildings 3 N/A N/A and structures
Cost of relocation 4 Per household This cost is to facilitate transportation assistance income
Cost of restoration of 5 N/A N/A individual income
Cost of restoration of 6 N/A N/A household income
Depends on the number of 7 Cost of training Per participant stakeholders selected for training
Incurred by MDA stakeholders such as 8 Cost of management Per sub-project site ministries and local agents
Cost of monitoring and Dependent on the each sub-project 9 Per sub-project site evaluation site
10 TOTAL Per sub-project site Addition of all cost incurred
11 Contingency Per total cost 5% of the total cost
12 GRAND TOTAL N/A Sum of the total and contingency cost
Page | 53
Table 8-3: Breakdown of Cost Estimates TOTAL S/NO ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE COMPENSATION COST 1 Displacement Compensation for temporary displacement No. 78 N50,000 N3,900,000.00 from residence 2 Relocation Compensation for expenses transport and resettlement No. 78 N10,000 N780,000.00 expenses and allowances for affected units 3 Economic Destruction and damages trees/crops to economic trees/crops Acres 73.78 N350,000 N25,823,000.00 (691 persons) 4 Livelihood Compensation to enable No 32 N100,000 N3,200,000.00 Restoration livelihood restoration 5 Vulnerable Compensation for Group vulnerability (6mos No 32 60,000 N1,920,000.00 Consideration maximum) 6 Capacity Preparatory resettlement building for skill forums and awareness to LS 1 N750,000 N750,000.00 development affected persons Trainings on enterprise development and job LS 1 N750,000 N750,000.00 creation Trainings on community project participation and LS 1 N500,000 N500,000.00 sustainable management 7 Professional Surveying& Valuation LS 1 N800,000 N800,000.00 services Legal Services LS 1 N350,000 N350,000.00 Stakeholder allowances LS 1 N300,000 N300,000.00 Implementing agent costs Months 3 N150,000 N450,000.00 Monitoring and evaluation Personnel 3 N250,000 N750,000.00 costs End of project audit cost LS 1 N350,000 N350,000.00 Sub-total N40,273,000.00 8 Contingency % 5 NA N2,013,650.00
GRAND TOTAL N42,286,650.00
Page | 54
9.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
The implementation and management of the RAP schedule should be designed to facilitate necessary temporary relocation and compensation of PAPs. The RAP activities also need to be implemented within an agreed timeframe and budget. Appropriate timing should be adhered to in order to avoid false claimants for compensation especially if the situation arises where site clearing is to begin before the resettlement end date.
The RAP activities will be executed in accordance with the schedule shown in Table 9-1 below. The period of the first week will be used to develop and set up all structures necessary to support all aspects of the programs.
Table 9-1: Implementation Schedule – Development Phase
DURATION
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week
Formation of Project Complaint Committee (PCC) and PAP Committee (PC)
Selection of RAP Implementing Agent (RIA)
Hold Stakeholders Meetings and Consultations
Conduct Community and PAP Capacity Building
Compensate All PAPs
Identification of Contractor
Listen to Grievances/Complaints and Address Them
Conduct Monitoring and Evaluation
Program Administration
Page | 55
10.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
The proposed intervention work is designed to improve flood and erosion management resulting from the Ebia River which will provide for:
Reduced damage to infrastructure including roads, houses, etc. Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion. Effective control of flooding along the Ebia River corridor between the Ogbaga Road Bridge and the Ebonyi River. Reduced risks of floods (due to reduced siltation). Progressively restore vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates expected to results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration. Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the landscape and biodiversity.
Multiplier effects such as employment opportunities, poverty reduction, enhanced national reputation and cultural promotion, among others, is expected to be enhanced in the area. On the other hand, there are also several negative social impacts that were identified.
The RAP has revealed that: The proposed intervention work is most desirable because of the obvious environmental, health and socio-economic benefits. These far out-weigh the negative impacts that could arise in the course of implementation. Potential impacts of sufficient magnitude that could interrupt the execution of the project were not detected. Although, there were few negative impacts that may potentially occur due to the activities associated with the proposed works but adequate measures have been provided to address them. Mitigation measures and management planshave been suggested and developed for the negative impacts. Appropriate institutional framework has been drawn up to implement the mitigation measures and environmental management plan while the proposed monitoring programmes shall be set in motion as soon as possible.
Generally, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will immensely impact positively on the existing environmental, social, health and safety conditions of the people. This inference is further made strong, owing to the fact that the Amike Aba, Abofia, Ofutu Ndiebor, Onuebia, Mgbo Agbaja and Unagboke communities have thrown her full weight behind the project and is anxiously awaiting its implementation.
Page | 56
DISCLOSURES
This Resettlement Action Plan will be disclosed by Ebonyi NEWMAP and EBSG which will make copies available at its head office in Abakaliki and copies distributed to the leadership of the community (the offices of the Community Heads for the prior to implementation of the project.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS Involuntary resettlement: Resettlement is involuntary when it occurs without the informed consent of the displaced persons or if they give their consent without having the power to refuse resettlement. Cut – off date: The date the enumeration begins. Persons occupying the project area after the cut- off date are not eligible for compensation and/or resettlement assistance. Similarly, fixed assets (such as built structures, crops and trees) established after the date of completion of the assets inventory or an alternative mutually agreed date will not be compensated Displaced persons: Persons who are affected by the involuntary taking or clearing of land or resulting in: i. Relocation or loss of shelter ii. Loss of assets or access to assets; or iii. Loss of income sources or means of livelihood whether or not the affected persons must move to another location. Land expropriation: Process whereby a public authority, usually in return for compensation, requires a person, household, or community to relinquish rights to land that it occupies or otherwise uses. Project-affected person: Any person who, as a result of the implementation of a project, loses the right to own, use, or otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, or pasture), annual or perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): The document in which a project sponsor or other responsible entity specifies the procedures that it will follow and the actions that it will take to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by an investment project. Resettlement assistance: Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. Assistance may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected people during their relocation. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost work days. Structure owner PAPs: Project Affected Persons who own structures within the project area. Tenant PAPs: Project Affected persons who lease either residential or business premises within the project area. Stakeholders: Any and all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project. Vulnerable groups: People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits.
Page | 57
REFERENCES
ITUA, E.O. (2011). Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project. Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria
NEWMAP Project Appraisal Document (PAD)
NEWMAP Project Implementation Manual (PIM)
World Bank safeguards policies
Ebia River Erosion Site Intervention Design
Darghouth S., Ward C., Gambarelli G., Styger E., and Roux J. (2008): Watershed Management Approaches, Policies, and Operations: Lessons for Scaling Up, Water Sector Board discussion Paper Series Paper No. 11, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
Federal Republic of Nigeria Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) (2009): Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for Nigeria Public Private Partnership (PPP) Project, prepared by ERML, December
Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development (2008): Environment and Social Management Framework for Global Environment Facility Sustainable Urban Transport Project, September
Darghouth S., Ward C., Gambarelli G., Styger E., and Roux J. (2008): Watershed Management Approaches, Policies, and Operations: Lessons for Scaling Up, Water Sector Board discussion Paper Series Paper No. 11,
Federal Republic of Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Commerce and Industry (2010): Resettlement Policy Frame Work for Growth and Enterprises and Markets in States (GEMS) Project, Prepared by Earth Guard, March
Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF)
Page | 58
ANNEXURE A
LIST OF CONTACTED STAKEHOLDERS
The following persons were contacted during the course of the Consultancy:
Table AN-1: List of Contacted Stakeholders
MODE OF GROUPS CONTACTED STAKEHOLDER CONTACT
Individuals or group of persons whose daily activities General meetings, (including farming) bring them in close proximity to the phones and personal Group-1 project area OR whose day-to-day lives/livelihoods contacts using a may be directly affected by project activities. facilitator.
Office of the Village Head – Amike Aba Village Phone and personal contacts
Office of the Village Head - Abofia Village Phone and personal contacts
Office of the Village Head - Ofutu Ndiebor Village Phone and personal contacts Group-2 Office of the Village Head - Onuebia Village Phone and personal contacts
Office of the Village Head - Mgbo Agbaja Village Phone and personal contacts
Office of the Village Head - Unagboke Village Phone and personal contacts
Office of the Chairman – Abakaliki LGA Phone contacts
Office of the Chairman – Ebonyi LGA Phone contacts
Office of the Chairman – Izzi LGA Phone contacts Group-3 Office of the Hon. Member – Ebonyi State House of Phone contacts Assembly
Office of the Hon. Member – Ebonyi/Ohaukwu Federal Phone contacts Constituency
Page | 59
ANNEX B
MINUTES AND NOTES FROM COMMUNITY AND STAKEHOLDERS’ MEETINGS
EBIA RIVER EGU-UGWU AGBAJA FLOOD INTERVENTION PROJECT: SENSITIZATION MEETING WITH ABOFIA AND OFUTU NDIEBOR COMMUNITIES Minutes of Stakeholders’ Meeting Held on Tuesday October 27, 2015 at the Ofutu Ndiebor Village Square.
Attendance: See list of Attendees
ITEMS DESCRIPTION
Project NEWMAP ESMP & RAP
Name of community Abofia Village (Abakaliki LGA) and Ofutu Ndiebor (Ebonyi LGA)
Date October 27, 2015
Language of Igbo and English communication
Introductions and The meeting started at 9:00am with an opening prayer and the breaking of kolanut opening remarks after which key members of both Abofia and Ofutu Ndiebor communities present and the Consultant for the ESMP & RAP were introduced by the facilitator, Mr. Victor Chukwu.
Remarks by the Dr. Odili Ojukwu, in his remarks gratefully acknowledged the huge turnout by the Consultant various segments of the two committees.
He informed the audience that it was the problem of flooding of Ebia River and the consequent displacements of homesteads, farmlands and other assets that precipitated the meeting. The challenges posed by the flooding are such that require a tripartite funding arrangement involving Ebonyi State Government, the Federal Government and World Bank. And this has been actualized through NEWMAP, with a State Project Management Unit (SPMU) charged with the overall implementation of the project in Ebonyi State. The flood control will be achieved through channelization of Ebia River to terminate at Ebonyi River. Whereas the channelization corridor will largely not follow the snaky route of Ebia River, there is a possibility that people’s land and other assets would he affected in the course of physical construction of the channel. The construction work and the channel would also affect other elements of the physical environment. The consultant is charged with the task of identifying and documenting persons and elements of the environment that would be affected by the project and recommend appropriate mitigation measures and compensation packages to the SPMU for necessary action. He therefore requested the cooperation of the communities with the Consultant staff that would be coming for field work to carry out these assignments. He emphasized the need for the communities to show interest in the project, monitor and evaluate every aspect of project implementation, maintain the project on completion and take full ownership of the project. The communities were told that further and more detailed meeting/consultation by way of focused group discussion would be held with elders, youths and
Page | 60
women of the communities. A census of likely PAPs will immediately commence with a cut-off date of November 3, 2015. Every member of the community that has structures, land, livelihoods or any other assets along the flood corridor should present himself/herself for documentation within the census period. No further documentation would be allowed after the cut-of- date, Nov 3, 2015. Questions and The community asked to know: concerns The criteria for determining those that will be affected by the project; If the youth should be part of the project. The participants were given opportunities to ask questions and make remarks after the speech of the lead consultant. The questions and answers were as follows:
If the channelization route cuts across existing roads, who would fix the road?
What are the size dimensions of the proposed channel?
Will there be compensation for farmlands?
What are the differentiating roles of the SPMU and the consulting firm?
Will the existing bridge be affected by the channelization work?
She expressed gratitude and commendation for the proposed erosion control intervention.
She lamented the adverse effects of the floods on their livelihoods over the years, and then commended the proposed intervention.
What specific roles would the youths play in the project implementation?
A request for the best services from the consulting firm. Responses to the The consultant informed the community that: concerns On the issue of criteria, the consultant informed the people that those within channelization corridor will be affected.
On the issue of youth involvement, the consultant encouraged them to mobilize and become part of the project.
The contractor handling the channelization would fax the road.
As per the Engineering design, it is about 4m deep and 45.5m wide.
Compensation shall follow extant laws and World Bank policies on social safeguards.
The SPMU is the agency statutorily charged with the project implementation in the state. The Consultant was employed by the SPMU to undertake this assignment. The Terms of Reference given to the Consultant by the SPMU is well defined and so no conflict of roles is expected.
YES. The status of the bridge will be addressed in the ESMP.
Youths will have meaningful roles to play. Details of these will come out form the focused group discussion.
Perceptions about the The community expressed willingness to forfeit any form of compensation to avoid Project any delays in the immediate commencement of the project. Closing Comments & Mr. Francis Nwogbogu thanked the team for the visit and assured them of the Remarks community’s co-operation towards the project. The meeting ended at about 11.00am.
Page | 61
A total of 308 persons including 155 males and 153 females attended from Ofutu Ndiebor.
A total of 235 persons, including 124 males and 111 females, participated from Abofia. These include: Mr. Joseph Igwe: (The village head) Mrs Justina Mbam (the woman leader) and Hon. Thomas Elom (Youth leader).
SENSITIZATION MEETING WITH ONUEBIA COMMUNITY
Minutes of Stakeholders’ Meeting Held on Tuesday October 27, 2015 at the Onuebia Village Square.
Attendance: See list of Attendees
ITEMS DESCRIPTION
1. Project NEWMAP ESMP & RAP
2. Name of Onuebia Village (Abakaliki LGA) community 3. Date October 27, 2015
4. Language of Igbo and English communication 5. Introductions and The meeting with Onuebia Community was convened at the instance of Dr. Odili opening remarks Ojukwu - the project ESMP/RAP Consultant for the Ebia River Flood Intervention Project. The proceedings of the meeting started at about 12.00 noon with prayers and hospitality kola nuts presented by the community.
6. Overview of the Dr. Odili Ojukwu, in his remarks gratefully acknowledged the huge turnout of the proposed project community.
He informed the audience that it was the problem of flooding of Ebia River and the consequent displacements of homesteads, farmlands and other assets that precipitated the meeting. The challenges posed by the flooding are such that require a tripartite funding arrangement involving Ebonyi State Government, the Federal Government and World Bank. And this has been actualized through NEWMAP, with a State Project Management Unit (SPMU) charged with the overall implementation of the project in Ebonyi State. A key element of the erosion control design is channelization of Ebia River to terminate at Ebonyi River. Whereas the channelization corridor will not follow the snaky route of Ebia River, there is a possibility that people’s land and other assets would he affected in the course of physical construction of the channel. The construction work and the channel would also affect other elements of the physical environment. Appropriate measures would be taken to avoid adverse effects on the people and environment. The consultant is charged with the task of identifying and documenting persons and elements of the environment that would be affected by the project and recommend appropriate mitigation measures and compensation packages to the SPMU for necessary action. This he emphasized to the participants was the purpose of the meeting. He therefore requested the cooperation of the communities with his staff that would be coming for field work to carry out these assignments. He emphasized the need for the communities to show interest in the project, monitor and evaluate every aspect of project implementation, maintain the project on completion and take full ownership of the project.
Page | 62
The communities were told that further and more detailed meeting/consultation by way of focused group discussion would be held with elders, youths and women of the communities. These would be preceded with a census of likely PAPs starting on Wednesday 28 October, 2015 to end definitely on Tuesday 3 November 2015. Every member of the community that has structures, land, livelihoods or any other assets along the erosion corridor should present himself/herself for interview and documentation within the census period. No further documentation would be allowed after the cut of date, Nov 3, 2015. 7. Questions and The meeting took an interactive form after the remarks of the lead consultant. The concerns following questions/remarks were taken.
1) Sunday Ofoke Ibechi Question: Who are the persons to be covered by the census?
Answer: All those that own assets including structures, lands and other forms of livelihood along the flood corridor.
2) Chief Anthony Uguru: Question: Where is the flood corridor? How much space will be used for construction and which people will be affected? Also will compensation be paid for past damages by the flood?
Answer: The flood corridor is the route of Ebia River. The channelization (4m x45.6m) work will largely follow the route of the river but will also cut across other land space and will terminate in Ebonyi River.
3) Mrs Abigail Odibogu: Remarks: He recounted the ordeals especially in terms of loss of livelihood suffered by women due to the flood menace. She then expressed appreciation for the proposed intervention.
8. Responses to the The Consultant further informed the community that 50meters on either side of the concerns river corridor will be used as the buffer to ensure that the effects of construction activities are adequately account for and mitigated.
On the issue of compensation for the damages caused by the flood, the consultant informed them that any existing damages created by the flood will not receive compensation.
9. Perceptions about Generally, the participants commended the Government and World Bank for the the Project intervention project and are excited on the participatory nature of the project. 10. Closing comments Attendees: The meeting has attended by 246 persons including 105 females and & Remarks 141 males. Key attendees were: Hon. Stephen Ofokia: Village Head, Mrs Abigail Odubogu: Woman leader; and Mr. Thomas Ofoke: Youth leader. Details of attendee are as attached
Closing: The meeting rose with vote of thanks and prayers at about 2.00pm.
SENSITIZATION MEETING WITH MGBO AGBAJA COMMUNITY
Minutes of Stakeholders’ Meeting Held on Wednesday October 28, 2015 at the Mgbo Agbaja Village Square.
Attendance: See list of Attendees
ITEMS DESCRIPTION
Page | 63
Project NEWMAP ESMP & RAP
Name of community Mgbo Agbaja (Izzi LGA)
Date October 27, 2015
Language of Igbo and English communication
Introductions and The meeting started around 4:20pm with an opening prayer and the breaking of opening remarks kolanut. Thereafter the consultant Dr. Odili Ojukwu expressed his appreciation to the community for their co-operation since the inception of the project. He told the community that the various meetings held has been to ensure that everybody is carried along with the step by step process of the NEWMAP project as it affects the community
The meeting was facilitated by Mr. Victor Chukwu.
Overview of the Dr. Odili Ojukwu, in his remarks gratefully acknowledged the huge turnout by the proposed project various segments of the two committees.
He informed the audience that it was the problem of over flooding of Ebia River and the consequent displacements of homesteads, farmlands and other assets that precipitated the meeting. The challenges posed by the flooding are such that require a robust funding arrangement involving Ebonyi State Government, the Federal Government and World Bank. And this has been actualized through NEWMAP, with a State Project Management Unit (SPMU) charged with the overall implementation of the project in Ebonyi State. A key element of the erosion control design is channelization of Ebia River to terminate at Ebonyi River. Whereas the channelization corridor will largely not follow the snaky route of Ebia River, there is a possibility that people’s land and other assets would he affected in the course of physical construction of the channel. The construction work and the channel would also affect other elements of the physical environment. Although sufficient efforts would be made to avoid adverse effects on people and environment, the consultant is charged with the task of identifying and documenting persons and elements of the environment that would be affected by the project and recommend appropriate mitigation measures and compensation packages to the SPMU for necessary action. This he emphasized to the participants was the purpose of the meeting. He therefore requested the cooperation of the communities with the Consultant personnel that would be coming for field work to carry out these assignments. He emphasized the need for the communities to show interest in the project, monitor and evaluate every aspect of project implementation, maintain the project on completion and take full ownership of the project. The communities were told that further and more detailed meeting/consultation by way of focused group discussion would be held with elders, youths and women of the communities. These would be preceded with a census of likely PAPs to end definitely on Tuesday 3 November 2015. Every member of the community that has structures, land, livelihoods or any other assets along the erosion corridor should present himself/herself for documentation within census period. No further documentation would be allowed the cut-of- date, Nov 3, 2015. Questions and The meeting took an interactive form after the remarks of the lead consultant. The concerns following questions/remarks were taken.
1) Nwibo Friday (Village Head) Question: How would the project affected persons and livelihoods be indentified?
Page | 64
Answer: This will be done through the census exercise, physical verification of claims and use of relevant technology.
2) Mrs. Okpaga Nwadike: Question: Would there be compensation for persons whose assets and livelihoods where destroyed in the past?
Answer: There would be no compensation for losses suffered before commencement of the project implementation. Only those whose assets would be affected to by the proposed intervention are eligible for compensation consideration.
3) Jude Ogbaga: Question: Any compensation for a person whose both structure and farmland would be affected.
Answer: Yes, both will be considered for compensation.
4) Chukwu Nwibo: Question: Would there be compensation for loss of Indian Bambo tree? Answer: Being an economic tree, it would be considered.
5) Anago Nwiboko: Question: How would family land allotted to individual family members be treated?
Answer: Issues of land would be treated according to extant laws and policies. Each individual allottee will be considered.
6) Onuka Moses: Question: How would the consultant treat some members of the community residing on the other side of Ebonyi river?
Answer:The Consultant is only concerned with Ebia River erosion corridor. Another consultant is handling Ebonyi river site.
7) Mrs Nwibo Veronica: Question: Should the seasonal female vegetable farmers stop farming? Answer: They can continue farming pending the start of construction works.
8) Mrs Ebita Nneka: Question: What activity would take place during the so-called 7-day window?
Answer: Census/documentation of PAPs will take place during the period. Physical verification would follow thereafter.
Elder Okemili Nwanti:
Question: How would communally- owned fruit trees be considered? Answer: They would be treated as communally- owned.
Perceptions about the Generally, the participants commended the Government and World Bank for the Project intervention project and are excited on the participatory nature of the project. Closing comments & Attendees: the meeting was attended by 539 persons including 302 females and Remarks 237 males. Key members of the village by that attended were: Mr. Friday Nwibo: Village Head; Mrs Nkwogu Nwegede: Women leader; Mr. Obinna Ogbonna: Youth leader
Closing: Vote of thanks was given by Mr. Friday Nwibo the village head while closing prayers were offered by Mrs. Nwibo Veronica at about 6.00pm.
Page | 65
ATTENDANCE LIST FOR AMIKE ABA COMMUNITY MEETING S/NO NAMES GENDER PHONE NO S/NO NAMES GENDER PHONE NO 1 Chief Pius Aligwe Male 8034909508 46 Nwogha Udumali Male 2 Godwin Aleke Male 7062154217 47 Nwebudu Chibuzo Male 7036386120 3 Raphael Oyodo Male 7064596159 48 Nwankwegu Chikwado Male 8132825280 4 Friday Nwuzor Male 8032820844 49 Ogodo Emeka Male 8132934087 5 Prince Simeon Alo Male 8035410757 50 Mbamida Nwabueze Male 8033029007 6 Ogboloko Philip Male 8035059018 51 Nwiboeze John Male 7037077438 7 Mbam Peter S Male 8035050867 52 Chukwuka Friday Male 8 Nwambam AloNdubuisi Male 7065693849 53 Nwambam Alo Male 8064169078 9 Okemini Uchenna Male 8068531506 54 Chibuzor Nwambam Alo Male 10 Oyodo Chidi Male 8034304312 55 Jerry Male 8038739305 11 Aligwe James Male 8034909379 56 Orji Chinenye .N Male 7034970156 12 Ogbaga Onyema S Male 8039305050 57 Nwutobo Monday Male 7038299091 13 Onuoha Friday Male 8060046232 58 Nwutobo Donatus Male 8034980196 14 Engr. Mbam Nwabueze J Male 8035052978 59 Nwizi Stephen Male 8061320503 15 Okemini Ogechukwu Male 7038284894 60 Ezeoku Friday Male 7033098044 16 Ogodo Simeon Male 8037775744 61 Elder Otozi Peter Male 9096384366 17 Mbam Godwin Male 8032751971 62 Otozi Uchenna Male 8063719376 18 Nkwegu Vincent Male 8030670322 63 Oroke Ikechukwu Male 8134836870 19 Uguru Sunday Male 7062363043 64 Abuchi Nwuzor Male 8135249481 20 Akpegu Godwin Male 8166867981 65 Uguru Kelechi Male 9096150711 21 Egbe Emmanuel .P Male 8034137383 66 Mkpuike James Male 22 Nkwede Friday Male 8035727686 67 Nwogha Obinna Male 8032568571 23 Okemini Nweze Male 8064598421 68 Nwogha Uchenna. M Male 8034311280 24 Nnabuike Nwamamga Male 8066619610 69 Okemini Friday Male 8132230368 25 Michael Nwankwo Male 70 Okemini Andrew . O Male 7037525484 26 Nwachukwu Ogbonna Male 8068073057 71 Okemini Ekene Male 8066988280 27 Aligwe Divine .O Male 8034628032 72 Maria Nwankwo Female 28 Mbamida Ndubuisi Male 8064868301 73 Ifeoma Nwakuagu Female 29 Alo Ogbonna Male 8037724292 74 Alike Fedilia Female 9039553387 30 Ogbaga Onwe Male 8105607576 75 Veronica Alike Female 7068981441 31 Mbamida Friday Male 8179435395 76 Adline Alike Female 32 Nwiboeze Chibueze Male 8144806851 77 Grace Mbamida Female 7068798555 33 Nwambam Joseph Male 7038774504 78 Elizabeth Mbamida Female 8065542051 34 Chief Oba Ijeh Oku Male 8162654503 79 Christiana Mbameda Female 8144001940 35 Awam Joseph Male 7039012086 80 Agnes Mbamida Female 9033817744 36 Nwota Thomas Male 8064944455 81 Favour Mbamida Female 8133230968 37 Ogodo Thomas Male 8065161116 82 Rose Mbamida Female 8135696876 38 Nwota Uchenna Male 8060076682 83 Modesta Nwambalo Female 7034781469 39 Nwibo Ogonna Male 7061638441 84 Okemini Jacinta. I Female 8069132020 40 Nwachukwu Silas Male 7035301645 85 Chinwe Elom Female 7061188741 41 Ogodo Chinedu Male 8135146348 86 Caroline Nwagu Female 42 Ogbaga Orji Ikechukwu Male 8138929936 87 Anari Elizabeth Female 8139197126 43 Okeh Friday Male 7066625511 88 Christiana Ije Female 8146299170 44 Uguru Chinedu Male 8140765446 89 Regina Ogbonna Female 8139224835 45 Nwakwo Arinze Male 8134240371
Page | 66
ATTENDANCE LIST FOR OFUTU NDIEBOR COMMUNITY MEETING S/NO NAMES GENDER PHONE 36 UZOAMAKA NWEFIKE F NUMBER 37 UGUM ELIZABETH F 1 VERONICAEKUMA F 38 MBAM NWEBONYI F 2 NWOGBAGAOGOBUCHI M 08038952622 39 ROSE ATUM F 3 OFIA JACINTA F 08104525206 40 UGWU ONYIBE F 4 MBAM NKEMKA LUCY F 08103107914 41 CHRISTIANA IGBOKE F 5 NDIDI NWEBONYI F 42 NKWEGU NWEBONYI F 6 IGEMGA CHINYERE F 08060907741 43 CHINELO .J. OGOBUCHI F 08064710506 7 OFOKE THERESA F 44 THERESA NKWEGU F 8 OGUZOR AGARTHA F 45 ROSEMARY NWAZUPHU F 07066299930 9 MBAM JOY F 08137241126 46 VICTORY IGBOJI F 10 OZOKPOROGECHI F 09034093849 47 BLESSING NWEFIKE F 11 NWEIFE VERONICA F 08109764230 48 OGBAMA CECELIA F 12 OFOKE NKWEGU OFFIA F 49 BENEDITHNWOGBAGA F 13 OBOR CATHERINE F 50 IJEOMANWOFOKE F 14 NWAMMINI UGIRU F 51 MARY OGERENYA F 15 UMAHI NWANKWO F 52 OGUZORMARY F 16 OMAKA VIRGINIA F 53 UGWUROSE F 17 MARIA ALIKE F 54 MARY EZALI F 18 NWOGBAGA CHINYERE F 08036856854 55 NWEBO NWANYI F 19 NWEKEBE CHIMNASA F 56 IFEOMAMBAM F 20 MARY ATUM F 57 NGOZI ALO F 21 NKWEGU CHINYERE F 08032968241 58 CECILIANWEZZA F 22 NKWEGU OFOKE F 59 JELINAOGUZOR F 23 AUGUSTINE UGWU F 60 ELIZABETH NWIBOKO F 24 OSHUIM ROSE F 61 RIGINAEZE F 25 OMAKA CHINYERE F 62 OMINYIMARY F 26 NWOGBA ALIKE F 63 NWIBO NWOBA ANIGOR F 27 MARY NWOFOKE F 64 THERESA ONYIBE F 28 IFEOMA OGERENYA F 65 CECILIANWIGWE F 29 EKUMA OGERENYA M 66 PETER OGBAGA M 07069746024 30 ROSEMARY MBAM F 67 FELICIA OMMIYI F 08142902065 31 MBAM UZOAMAKA F 68 OGBAGA NWANKA F 32 ONUMAM THERESA F 69 SUNDAYNWOGHA M 07037360633 33 MBAM ONUMAM F 70 BONIFACENWOKU M 08075064863 34 CHRISTIANA NKWEGU F 71 MBAM NWOGHA F 35 NWIBO CECELIA F
Page | 67
72 NWOKU CHINYERE F 109 JANNETHNWANYI F
73 ONWE NWOKPURU M 110 FELICIA NWIBO F
74 EMEKA UGWU M 08069814271 111 SUSSAN NWEFIE F
75 NWEDEEUCHARIA F 08130519925 112 MARY NWOKU F
76 NWITE ROSE F 113 GRACE NWAGBO F
77 NWEDE CHRISTIANA F 114 OLUCHISIMON F
78 NKWEGU OFOKEAGU F 115 CHINASASIMON F
79 NKWEGUOGERENYI F 116 CHUKWUKAOFOKE M 08067444641
80 NGOZI OGBAGA F 08147057270 117 NNABUCHI NWOBA M 07060599306
81 NWEDE ELIZABETH F 118 NWABUIKESIMON M 09031596398
82 CECILIANWOKU F 119 OGO NWEFIE M 07068154741
83 ANNA ALEKE F 08135147756 120 NNENNANWEBONYI F 07062372267
84 NWEFIKEFRANK F 08101034436 121 JUSTINANWEFIE F
85 ONUMANU CHINYERE F 08031937651 122 MARY OGERENYA F
86 THERESA NWENU F 123 JOY OFOKEAGU F 08039660127
87 ROSE NWIBO F 124 NWALO EBERE F
88 FELICIA NWEBONYI F 125 NJIDEKAMBAM F
89 MARY OGBAMA F 126 OGBAGA CHIOMA F
90 NGOZI OZOKPOR F 127 JACINTAALO F
91 NWIBO NWEDU F 128 ROSE MBAM F
92 NWAKAEGONWEFIE F 129 JANNETHUGWU F
93 FELICIA OZOKPO F 130 JULIANAUGWU F
94 GRACEIBOKO F 131 SAMUEL NWOKU M 07068583253
95 NWIBO OFOKEAGU F 132 FIDELIX NWEFIE M 08102448860
96 ROSE NWIBO F 133 MBAM AFAMEFUNA M 09037082681
97 STELLA OGERENYA F 07062988488 134 KELECHINWEBONYI M 08067476788
98 OLUCHI OFOKEAGU F 135 OKITI CHIGOZIE F 08164138637
99 UZOAMAKAOGBAMA F 136 IFEOMA OGBAMMA F
100 NWANKWO UKPA F 137 JOY NKWEGU F
101 NKWEGU NWOFE F 138 GINIKA NKWEGU F
102 ROSEMARYNWOGBAGA F 08138843058 139 UZOAMAKANKWEGU F
103 NNEKA OGBAGA F 07035438788 140 IGANGATHOMAS M 08059492892
104 THERESA OGBAMMA F 141 MARYALIKE F
105 NGOZI NWEBONYI F 142 ADA ALIKE F
106 ONYIBUCHI ALO M 143 ONYINYENKWEGU F
107 CHIKA MBAM F 144 ELECHI UGURU F
108 UKAMAKA OFOKEAGU F 145 PRECILIA ELOM F 07066912921
Page | 68
146 DEBORAHOGBAGA F 181 MR. OGBAGAUGWU M
147 UGWU OGBAGA F 182 MR. NJOKU NWEBONYI M
148 MERCY OMAPAUL F 183 MR. OGBAMAEMEKA M
149 OBEJI ELIZABETH F 184 CHINEDUOFOKEAGU M
150 OLUCHI NWANKWO F 185 OBAJI MBEKEJERRY M
151 JULIETH NWIBO F 186 NWOKOROUGWU M
152 CHINYERE NWIBO F 187 DOMINIC NWITE M
153 CHINYONYENWIBO F 188 MOSES NWAIGBO M
154 FELICIAUGWU F 189 ONYEBUCHIOFOKEAGU M
155 MARY UGWU F 190 THOMASKPUNIGU M
156 JUSTINA NWOGBAGA F 191 EMEKA NWOKE M
157 NWOKWOFRDAY M 08065192658 192 UCHENNA OFOKEAGU M
158 OKEZIE NWOKWO M 07063017482 193 OGONNA OFOKE M
159 NWAMINIMBAM F 194 SUNDAY NWITE M
160 CHIKANWOGBAGA F 195 OBAJI VINCENT M
161 ELIAS OZOKPO M 08134267389 196 OGOBUCHI OGERENYA M
162 OGBAGA ONYEMA M 07065666169 197 GODDY NWAKWO M
163 CHIKODILI IGANGA M 198 OFOKE NNABUIKE M
164 OGOBUCHIOFOKE M 08179725681 199 NWEDE IGWEBUIKE M
165 SUNDAY OGBAGA M 07037279884 200 IKECHUKWU NWANI M
166 NWIBO NKWUDA F 201 OFOKE TOCHUKWU M
167 ONYINYE UGWU F 202 ANAYO NWEBUNO M
168 FELICIANWEDE F 203 OZOKPO TOCHUKWU M
169 CHIEF. OMINYI NWITE M 204 PAUL NWANKWO M
170 CHIEF. MBAMNWAEZZA M 205 IFEANYI OJIUGWO M
171 ELDER. OGBU M 206 IGANGA OGOCHUKWU M NWANKWEZU 207 NKWEGU EJIOFOR M 172 ELDER. ALIKEOBIGA M 208 PAUL OKITE M 173 ELDER. NWOGHAOKITE M 209 NWANKPU KPUNERENU M 174 ELDER. M MBAMKPURUENU 210 NWULEGU NWEKE M
175 ELDER. NWAMINI M 211 SUNDAY NWOGBOJI M NWEDE 212 ELOM ANELE M 176 ELDER. MBAM NWIZI M 213 IFEANYI MBAM M 177 ELDER. NKWEGUNWEFIE M 214 OJIUGWO ARINZE M 178 ELDER. NWOBAANIGOR M 215 ELOM CHUKWUDI M 179 ELDER. JOE NWENU M 216 IKECHUKWU NWITE M 180 MR. MICHEAL M NWEBUENYI 217 SUNDAY NWITE M
Page | 69
218 THOMAS NWOFOKE M 255 NWAEZZA JOSEPH M
219 CHRISTOPHER NWAKWO M 256 SUNDAY NWUZOR M
220 OGBAGA OGERENYA M 257 EJIOFOR NWEFIE M
221 JOHN OFEKE MGBOKE M 258 NWEDE CHINONSO M
222 NWAMIRI MBAM M 259 NNAEMEKA NWEDE M
223 ONYIBE ALO M 260 OLISE OGBAGA M
224 OGBONNA ONIGBO M 261 AZUBIKE OFOKE M
225 JOHN OBOR M 262 OLIVER NWITE M
226 ELE NWAEZZA M 263 OGBAGA IRUKA M
227 OFOKE NSHI NWITIE M 264 OTSU EKA EMEKA M
228 SUNDAY EKUMA M 265 ALO NWICHO M
229 IGBOJI UGWU M 266 FIDELIS OFOKEAGU M
230 NWIBO NWOKU M 267 SUNDAY NWAGBO M
231 IGNATIUS OGBAGA M 268 AFAM MBAM M
232 SUNDAYOMINYI M 269 OGBONNA OFOKE M
233 OGOBUCHI NWEDE M 270 IZUCHUKWU OGBAGA M
234 ODE CHUKWUMA M 271 ANWU PIUS M
235 UGWU NWOFOKE M 272 ONYIBE OGBAGANCHI M
236 OKE SIMON M 273 NWAMMIRI FRIDAY M
237 NWAMIRI NWOGBAGA M 274 NWAMMIRI OGBAGA M
238 JEREMIAH KPURUENU M 275 NKWEGU MBAM M
239 OFOKENSHI NWEDE M 276 ALO CHINYERE M
240 UGWU JOSEPH M 277 PAUL OFOKEAGU M
241 UGWU THOMAS M 278 OGBAGA OFOKEAGU M
242 DANIEL IBOKO M 279 OBAJI CHIBUNNA M
243 SUNDAY NWAEZZA M 280 NDUBUISI NWOGBAGA M
244 OKEMMIRI NWOKU M 281 NWIGWE FRIDAY M
245 CHIBUZO NWUZOR M 282 EKUMMA OGERENYA M
246 EZE NWOGBAGA M 283 OGBONNA MBAM M
247 CHINEDU NWEBUNYI M 284 NWAMMIRI NNAMDI M
248 THOMAS NWEFIE M 285 OKWUDILI OKITI M
249 OMAKA STEPHEN M 286 OKEY NWOGBAGA M
250 IKECHUKWU EKUMA M 287 HON. FRANCIS M NWOGBAGA 251 EZEKIEL IGBOKE M 288 SUNDAY NWOGHA M 252 ONYIBE CHUKWUMA M 289 NWEDE NDUBUISI M 253 OFOKE CHIJIOKE M 290 CATHERINE NWEBONYI F 254 NWIBO MICHEAL M
Page | 70
291 CHRISTIANA KPURUENU F 306 CHINYERE NWOFOKE F
292 NWENU REGINA F 307 MARY UGWU F
293 CECILIA NWIGWE F 308 JOY IBOKO F
294 NWIGWE JOHN M
295 ONYEBUCHI MBAM M
296 ALIKE ONYEMAECHI M
297 NWITE NNAMDI M
298 ONAMBA OGBAGA M
299 ONYEBUCHI NWEBONYI M
300 NWEBONYI FRIDAY M
301 OGBONNA OFOKE M MGBOKE
302 OMAKA NWEWE M
303 OGOBUCHI OGBU M
304 UGWU ONYINYECHI F
305 NKIRU IBOKO F
ATTENDANCE LIST FOR ONUEBIA COMMUNITY MEETING
S/NO NAMES GENDER PHONE NO 42 Uchenna Mbam Male 07059733496 1 Thomas Odeh Male 08100330221 43 Maduabuchi Nkwede Male 07064244122 2 Linus Nweze Male 08062408767 44 Friday Odeh Male 08067524644 3 Stephen Ofoke Male 08063297778 45 Simeon Odeh Male 08096299358 4 Christian Mbam Male 08069657196 46 Elom Cyprian Male 08134263967 5 Anthony Uguru Male 08035089153 47 Monday Nweze Male 08069395505 6 Edwin Ugada Male 48 Uche Odeh Male 08172631299 7 Mbam Nwuguru Male 49 Onyebuchi Nwuzor Male 07065695335 8 Chief Joseph Ogbaga Male 08063297168 50 Chukwuma Mbam Male 07031096755 9 Chief Clement Odagbu Male 08068508018 51 Monday Ofoke Male 10 George Odeh Male 07069734976 52 Chukwuma Nwodu Male 07061196731 11 Chukwuma Mbam Male 07036865224 53 Ifeanyi Nwibo Male 08032686642 12 Cecilia Nwibo Female 07034538688 54 Chukwuma Onwe Male 07033962624 13 Uzoamaka Ogerenya Female 08039153881 55 Fredrick Nshiegbe Male 08068531304 14 Cecilia Nwoju Female 08064642401 56 Innocent Odeh Male 08060900483 15 Friday Nwibo Male 07039331099 57 Emeka Nkwuda Male 07037900113 16 Ijeoma Nweze .N. Female 07063456816 58 Paul Mbam Male 07065500172 17 Jannet Nweze Female 08069505800 59 Lawrence Ogbaga Male 07057954923 18 Oketa Alice Female 07039051064 60 John Ochuta Male 08170321005 19 Ijeoma Nweze .O. Female 07067199397 61 Cletus Ogbaga Male 08038784608 20 Christiana Odeh Female 08065505823 62 Nkwuda Friday Male 08068473918 21 Abigail Odeh Female 08103929298 63 Christian Nwuzor Male 08063460052 22 Uguru Martina Female 08063587410 64 Chukwuma Nwibo Male 08038122839 23 Samuel Mbam Male 08035265236 65 Sunday Ofoke Male 08035437428 24 John Odeh Male 08068919172 66 Nwebonyi Nweze Female 25 John Elom Male 07067675955 67 Grace Nwankwegu Female 26 Ikechukwu Nwambam Male 08162895217 68 Gloria Nwankwegu Female 27 Nwibo Edwin Male 08102554969 69 Chukwuma Oketa Male 07034900133 28 Sunday Nweze Male 08069505800 70 Michael Ogbaga Male 29 Emma Odagbu Male 71 Nwokpuru Ejike Male 08068439525 30 Ebere Nwafor Male 07035003879 72 Nwobi Obinna Male 08063669325 31 Augustine Nkwuda Male 73 Onyeka Nweze Male 08083441798 32 Okemini Ogerenya Male 08038216026 74 Nkwuda Julius Male 09082889951 33 Nwabueze Nwokpuru Male 08033629641 75 Nkwuda Ikenna Male 08134146671 34 Nwobo Chidi .J. Male 07034541330 76 Ofoke Ekene Male 07064625851 35 Hyacinth Mbam Male 77 Emeka Nike Male 08068347605 36 Nkwuda Jonathan Male 07035186373 78 Agbom Uchenna Male 07061196474 37 Moses Nwibo Male 79 Nnabuike Nwoba Male 09039209253 38 Anayo Nwuzo Male 08032256155 80 Ebonyi Nshiegbe Male 39 Augustine Uguru Male 07066839311 81 Ebere Mbam Male 0813813868 40 Ezekiel Nwokpuru Male 07060873215 82 Nwoba Chukwuma Male 0703569988 41 Monday Nkwuda Male 08034146671 83 Uguru Friday Male 07039536259
Page | 71
84 Nweke Omma Male 08140684401 166 Chinyere Nwokwa Female 07069311165 85 Uguru Ndubisi Male 07031630629 167 Monica Nwibo Female 86 Nwokpuru Sunday Male 081474820 168 Okoro Augustina Female 08068052644 87 Agbom Chinonso Male 08140922581 169 Chinenye Ugada Female 88 Chukwuka Edeh Male 07033961682 170 Elizabeth Nwokwa Female 89 Celestine Nkwuda Male 07069311165 171 Grace Elom Female 08134243065 90 Ebube Odeh Male 08103929366 172 Nnenna Odeh Female 08168787035 91 Nkwuda Okwudili Male 07065630137 173 Ukamaka Nwokpuru Female 07061627456 92 Ndubuisi Nkwuda Male 08068515441 174 Mbam Lucy Female 08060125431 93 Emeka Nweze Male 07067822620 175 Ngozi Nwankwo Female 94 Nshiegbe Sampson Male 09096147150 176 Esther Odeh Female 07015707208 95 John Nwankwo Male 08136822840 177 Evelyn Oketa Female 96 Mbam Hope Male 07035601091 178 Chinasa Nkwede Female 07064546297 97 Elom Sunday Male 08063436078 179 Agnes Oketa Female 98 Mbam Onyema Male 08032813759 180 Augustina Odeh Female 99 Elom Peter Male 08032151190 181 Ngozi Nkwede Female 07036900908 100 Ochuta Chikodili Male 08063127647 182 Monica Ofoke Female 07069521688 101 Mbam Ndubuisi Male 07037926289 183 Felicia Odeh Female 102 Nkwuda Amuche Male 08065050602 184 Theresa Nwokwa Female 07034620913 103 Odeh Kenneth Male 08172125589 185 Philomena Nwibo Female 104 Odagbu Onyeka Male 07068753101 186 Toochukwu Odeh Female 105 Chukwuebuka Nshiegbe Male 08187068806 187 Augustina Nwizi Female 08030827713 106 Isreal Nshiegbe Male 08068511304 188 Ngozi Elom Female 107 Mbam Ogechi Male 08170624272 189 Ngozi Ofoke Female 08068912705 108 Ochuta Chigbo Male 08100643311 190 Obiageli Nkwuda Female 109 Obasi Ejike Male 08172634019 191 Rose Nweze Female 08107132903 110 Chinonso Elom Ekpule Male 07069008397 192 Jacinta Nweze Female 111 Emmanuel Eze Male 08166607647 193 Theresa Nkwuda Female 08100599681 112 Nwogba Ofeke Male 08109801694 194 Ifeoma Odeh Female 08165803738 113 Uchenna Nwibo Male 07082977223 195 Chinasa Nshiegbe Female 114 Chukwudi Nweze Male 08107483962 196 Grace Ogbaga Female 08169632203 115 Ugada Friday Male 07065277686 197 Jenifer Nkwuda Female 08103107911 116 Chukwuma Ofoke Male 08065590250 198 Nneka Chibueze Female 117 Nwibo Innocent Male 08105521595 199 Ifeoma Nshiegbe Female 118 Nkwuda Chinedu Male 08137278944 200 Chinyere Nkwuda Female 119 Chibuzo Ebonyi Male 08142962265 201 Mabel Mbam Female 08063668769 120 Ofoke Monday Male 08064811304 202 Perpetua Nwuzo Female 08148130825 121 Nkwuda Nonso Male 08098214640 203 Martina Mbam Female 07065075230 122 Ogbonna Okafor Male 08084741831 204 Blessing Mbam Female 07061594052 123 Onyebuchi Elom Male 081633189 205 Ukamaka Nwibo Female 08144744569 124 Uguru ThankGod Male 08066257823 206 Eucharia Nwibo Female 08163873781 125 Ofoke Unoabuoye Male 08165523134 207 Ebonyi Nweze Female 126 Ekene Mbam Male 08030560560 208 Augustine Nwankpu Male 08182232130 127 Emma Ogobulu Male 08189935786 209 Cecilia Mbam Female 128 Ekene Nkwude Male 08170490043 210 Nneka Onunku Female 08106486422 129 Elom Chinonso Male 07064925932 211 Sussana Nwibo Female 08105865253 130 Nwibo Chikodili Male 08169361606 212 Nwakego Oweh Female 131 Mbam Ogonna Male 08098162562 213 Helen Mbam Female 07080848965 132 Igwe Ebouche Male 09082977591 214 Philomena Ofoke Female 0813895403 133 Emeka Mbam Male 08108565037 215 Virginia Mbam Female 08138257800 134 Emeka Ebonyi Male 07032929031 216 Felicia Ogbaga Female 135 Ogbonna Nwere Male 07060891966 217 Felicia Okemini Female 08164843 136 Ekene Nwibo Male 07034459644 218 Janet Ochita Female 07032022760 137 Nkwede Friday Male 09038513830 219 Janet Nkwuda Female 138 Nwibo Ozoemena Male 08130482232 220 Christiana Nwankpu Female 139 Odeh Jonas Male 08104554973 221 Evelyn Uguru Female 140 Anayo Nwibo Male 07064750001 222 Ada Eze Female 09036200994 141 Uchenna Ovoba Male 08036324311 223 Maria Mbam Female 142 Ejike Mkpuna Male 07060570387 224 Uzoamaka Nkwuda Female 07068900656 143 Elom Ikemefuna Male 08033475902 225 Ifeoma Odeh Female 144 Simon Nkwuda Male 07032898618 226 Victoria Nwokpuru Female 145 Anele Ogbaga Male 08101839859 227 Ogechi Nwokpuru Female 07061095197 146 Ajashi Moses Male 08030441838 228 Grace Ogidi Female 147 Nwakego Nweze Male 08143236590 229 Cordelia Odeh Female 148 Mbam Cynthia Female 09082930285 230 Ekele Elom Female 07039726602 149 Nwovu Tochukwu Male 08136316686 231 Agnes Nkwukwo Female 150 Mbam Hyacinth Male 08103969393 232 Patricia Odeh Female 151 Uzoigwe Peter Male 08034308183 233 Benedict Ugada Female 152 Ofoke Nweze Female 234 Chiamaka Odeh Female 08063381047 153 Julius Nkwuda Male 235 Onyinyechi Nkwuda Female 08146706359 154 Gladys Nwankpu Female 08081513557 236 Chinaza Nwovu Female 155 Regina Igube Female 08138401724 237 Igbokwe Mbam Male 07067958602 156 Oluchi Nwokpuru Female 08163209758 238 Augustina Ugada Female 07038529160 157 Esther Okafor Female 239 Joy Ugada Female 158 Odeh Fatima Female 08101238571 240 Ngozi Mbam Female 159 Sophia Nwankwo Female 08168855576 241 Ijeoma Ebonyi Female 160 Uzoma Elom Female 09081993841 242 Philomena Female 08089108889 161 Jacinta Nkwuda Female 08134309877 243 Oluchi Odeh Female 0817262 162 Uchenna Mbam Female 08135638515 244 Agatha Nwele Female 163 Agnes Nwamini Female 07032447084 245 Ndidi Nwacharia Female 164 Stella Odeh Female 08141711062 246 Afam Nwibo Male 165 Chinyere Nweke Female
Page | 72