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Literary Careerof Richard Aldington

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Literary Careerof Richard Aldington Notes INTRODUCTION 1. C. P. Snow, in Alister Kershaw and F.-J. Temple (eds) Richard Aldington: An Intimate Portrait (Carbondale, Illinois, 1965) p. 134 (hereafter noted as Intimate Portrait). Snow's note here is taken from his earlier Richard Aldington: An Appreciation (London, 1938). 2. T. S. Eliot, letter to Selwyn Kittredge, 3 April 1964. See Kittredge, The LiteraryCareerof RichardAldington. (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1976), p . 560 3. Intimate Portrait, p. 25. 4. C. P. Snow, Variety of Men (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1969) p. 217. 5. Miriam J. Benkovitz (ed), A Passionate Prodigality: Letters to Alan Bird from Richard Aldington (New York, 1975) and Richard Aldington, Lawrenceof Arabia: A Biographical Enquiry (London and New York: Collins, 1955). 6. Ian S. MacNiven and Harry T. Moore (eds), Literary Lifelines: The Richard Aldington-Lawrence Durrell Correspondence. (New York, 1981). 7. Imagist Anthology (London and New York, 1930). See Aldington's memoir Life for Life's Sake (New York, 1941), p. 143. 8. R.A. to A. Lowell, 18 January 1916 (Houghton Library, Harvard University) Aldington, 'Modem Poetry and the Imagists', Egoist1,1 June 1914, p . 201. 9. Richard Aldington, 'Some Reflections on Ernest Dowson', Egoist II, 1 March 1915, p . 42. 10. Richard Aldington, 'Loose Leaves', Egoist II, 6, 1 June 1915, p. 98. 11. T. S. Eliot, 'Conternporanea', Egoist, V, 6, June-July 1918, p. 84; and Patricia Clements, Baudelaire and the English Tradition (Princeton, N. J., 1985) p. 281. 12. Life for Life's Sake, p. 215. 13. Richard Aldington, Images of War (London, 1919 and Boston, 1921). 14. Bernard Bergonzi, Heroes' Twilight (New York and London, 1966), pp.83-4. 15. Intimate Portrait, p. 147. 16. Intimate Portrait, p. 161. 17. A. C. Ward, The Nineteen-Twenties: Literature and Ideas in the Post-War Decade (London, 1933) p. 89. 18. Alister Kershaw broadcast script, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, n.d ., p. 18. 19. Richard Aldington, The Prose of Frederic Manning', Egoist I, October 1914, p. 375; and see Clements, Baudelaire and the English Tradition (Princeton, 1985) p. 269. 20. Details of Ald ington's works will be found in the bibliography of primary sources. 326 Notes 327 21. Kittredge, p. 564. 22. The Religion of Beauty: Selectionsfrom the Aesthetes (London, 1950) p. 543. 23. Artifex (London, 1935) p. 6. 24. Richard Aldington, Four English Portraits (London, 1948) p. 102. 25. The Complete Poems of Richard Aldington (London, 1948) p. 13. CHAPTER 1. CHRYSALIS, 1892-1911 1. Life for Life's Sake, p. 11. 2. Margery Lyon Gilbert, 'Early Memories of Richard Aldington'. Unpublished typescript (copy in possession of the present writer). 3. Death of a Hero (London: Hogarth Press, 1984) pp. 60-1 . 4. R.A.-Ietter to F. S. Flint, undated, Humanities Research Center, Austin, Texas. 5. Kittredge, p. 5. 6. 'Early Memories of Richard Aldington', unpublished typescript supplied by author, pp. 1, 5. 7. Death of a Hero, p. 17. 8. Late in life, Aldington's father, Albert Edward, was converted to Roman Catholicism. 9. Transcript of interview between Dorothy (Arabella) Yorke and Walterand Lilian Lowenfels, Maya Landing, NewJersey, 25 October 1964. (Transcribed by the late MiriamJ. Benkovitz. Copy given to the present writer by Dr. Fred D. Crawford.) 10. See George Orwell, 'The Art of Donald McGill', in Decline of the English Murder, (Harmondsworth, 1965) pp. 142-54. 11. R.A. letter to P. A. G. Aldington, 21 May 1959 (Carbondale). 12. 'Childhood', Complete Poems of Richard Aldington, pp. 55-9. 13. Norman T. Gates, The Poetry of RichardAldington, (University Park, Pa., 1974) p. 29; Richard E. Smith, Richard Aldington (Boston, 1977) pp.60-1. 14. Rejected Guest, p. 21. 15. Life for Life's Sake, p. 36. 16. Death of a Hero, pp . 86-7. 17. Alun R. Jones, in The Lifeand Opinions of T. E. Hulme (London, 1960), pp. 28-9, suggests that Aldington was part of Orage's circle as early as 1908 (when Aldington became 16). Gates searched the New ,Age files for 1908 and 1909, but found no Aldington poems. Gates, The Poetry of Richard Aldington, p. 22. 18. Life for Life's Sake, p. 50. 19. Death of a Hero, p. 97. 20. Kittredge, p. 15. 21. Intimate Portrait, p. 112. 22. A. E. Houseman (1859-1936), famous as the author of A Shropshire Lad (1896), was a noted classics scholar. 23. Gourmont (1858-1915), described T. S. Eliot as 'the critical consciousness of a generation', was translated by Aldington, Pound 328 Notes and Aldous Huxley. Gourmont's influence on Pound is well known, but it is not clearhow his influence first came overto English writing. Interesting to note, therefore, is Rebecca West's opinion, expressed in a letter to Selwyn Kittredge, 20 March, 1964: 'I would think it would be Aldington who brought Remy de Gourmont to the attention of Ezra Pound and not the other way around' (Kittredge, p. 20). 24. Hugh Kenner, The Pound Era (Berkeley, Ca., 1971), pp. 55-8. 25. Kittredge, p. 20. 26. Kittredge, p. 18. 27. Letter to Winifred Bryher, 5 October 1918. (Beinecke Library, Yale). 28. Life for Life's Sake, p. 77. CHAPTER 2. POUND AND H.D., 1912-13 1. Patmore, Mrs Brigit (1882-1965) , born Ethel Elizabeth Morrison­ Scott. Married Deighton Patmore, grandson of the Victorian poet Coventry Patmore.A member of Ford Madox Ford's circle at South Lodge. In 1928 she became Aldington's companion and remained so for nineyears. She wrote an account of this in My Friends When Young (London, 1968). 2. Life for Life's Sake, pp. 70-1. 3. Letter to Amy Lowell, 20 November 1917 (Houghton Library, Harvard). Hugh Kenner, The PoundEra , p. 277, reads Pound's remark as ironic, suggesting that he was hinting at Aldington's ignorance of verse technique. This view should be assessed in the light of Pound's and Aldington's whole relationship at the time. 4. Some commentators have distinguished between 'tiers libre' and 'free verse', but the Imagists tended to use these terms interchangeably. It may perhaps be said that vers libre is French, whereas the British and American use of 'free forms' and 'free verse' was also influenced by Chinese and Japanese poetry and, in Aldington's case, by a chorus in Euripides' Hippolytus. Kittredge, p. 42; R.A. letter to A. Lowell, 20 November 1917. 5. Generally accepted as the approximate date. 6. Literary Essays of Ezra Pound (London, 1954) p. 3; first published in Pavannes and Divisions (1918) . 7. The literature on Imagism is by now copious. Useful starting-points are: Imagist Poetry, edited by Peter Jones (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1972); J. B. Harmer, Victory in Limbo: Imagism 1908-1917 (London, 1975). 8. The moment is referred to in many accounts of the period. Note Pound's remark to Harriet Monroe, that 'the whole affairwas started, not very seriously, chiefly to get H.D .'s five poems a hearing', Monroe A Poet's Life (New York, 1938), p. 267. Pound locates the meeting at Church Walk, Kensington. In Endto Torment (New York, 1979) p. 40, H.D. places the event in the British Museum tea-room. The founding of the movement and the finding of her name were different occasions, though it is possible that both occurred in the Notes 329 tea-room. Aldington suggests that Pound kept the name 'Imagistes' 'in peitofor the right occasion', Lifefor Life'sSake,p. 135. According to H.D:s unpublished summary diary at Yale, the first time Pound introduced her nom de plumeit was 'H.D.Imagist', butH.D:sspelling was notably unreliable. Peter Jones, possibly following William Carlos William's Autobiography, says that Doolittle was already calling herself H.D . when she arrived in London in 1911. Jones, Imagist Poetry, p. 16. 9. Hulme's poems, without the note, were first published in the New Age, 25 January 1912. 10. Life for Life's Sake, p. 115. 11. H.D., 'Asphodel', unpublished typescript (1922), (Beinecke Library, Yale). Bk. II, p. 179; Janice S. Robinson, H.D. The Life of an American Poet (Boston, 1982) p. 42. 12. Lifefor Life's Sake, p. 118. These were said to have been published by Augener, but no details have been found. 13. Slonimsky completed a Ph.D. at the University of Marburg on Heraclitus and Parmenides, and published a book on the subject in 1912. He was for a long period a professor at the Jewish Institute of Religion, New York. Charles Norman records Pound's possessing a black velvet jacket a year or two earlier and this was possibly the same garment. 14. Author of numerous books on economics and international politics, Sir Norman Angell (1874-1967) is best known for The Great Illusion (1909), on the futility of modem war. 15. These very brief comments are from Angell's autobiography, After All (London, 1951) pp . 165-6. 16. Death of a Hero, p. 162. 17. In 'A Retrospect', Pound mistakenly dates this publication a year earlier, in 1911. See Cyrena N. Pondrorn, The Roadfrom Paris: French Influence on English Poetry 1900-1920 (London, 1974) ch. I; see Aldington, Collected Poems 1915-1923 (London, 1923) p. xi. 18. Life for Life'S Sake, pp. 111 and 136. On p. 128 Aldington mentions discussing Verlaine with Stefan Georg at that period. 19. All three poems are included in Complete Poems, pp. 21, 24 and 34 respectively, with the last retitled (possibly because of the solecism in the French title) 'In the Old Garden'. 20. T. E. Hulme, Speculations(London, 1960) p. 132. First edition, 1924. 21. A. R. Orage (Alfred Richard Orage, 1873-1934) was a cultural and social critic, and literary reviewer, and proponent of Nietzsche's ideas.
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