Proceedings of the 9Th Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018)

NIST Advanced Manufacturing Series 100-22

Proceedings of the 9th Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018)

Thomas Hedberg, Jr. Mark Carlisle

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 NIST Advanced Manufacturing Series 100-22

Proceedings of the 9th Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018)

Editors: Thomas Hedberg, Jr. Mark Carlisle Systems Integration Division Engineering Laboratory

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

May 2019

U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan, NIST Director and Undersecretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology Proceedings of the 9th Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018)

Editors: Thomas Hedberg, Jr. Mark Carlisle

National Institute of Standards and Technology

April 2-5, 2018 Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work co-sponsored by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of NIST. Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document to illustrate a point or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

Copyright notice: The work presented by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) authors in this report is an ofﬁcial contribution of NIST and not subject to copyright in the United States. All other content is reproduced herein with permission of the original authors and all rights are retained by the original authors.

Published by: Systems Integration Division Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology https://www.nist.gov/publications

DOI: 10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

Credits: Cover design: Thomas Hedberg LATEX editors: Mark Carlisle and Thomas Hedberg using LATEX’s ‘confproc’ package, version 0.8

National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Manufacturing Series 100-22 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. AMS 100-22, 98 pages (May 2019)

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 Empowering the Digital Transformation v National Institute of Standards and Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology American Society of Mechanical Engineers Summit Chair Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Engineering U.S. Army Auburn University American Society of Mechanical Engineers National Institute of Standards and Technology Summit Coordinator Rockwell Collins The Pennsylvania State University Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation Institute Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research LMI, formerly of the U.S. Navy th U.S. Army The MBE Summit 2018 Program Committee undertook a significant effort to ensure a high-quality summit and signal to Ben Kassel Karla Quigley Steve Weinman Anthony Holden Paul Huang Tony Still Kym Wehrle Phil Zimmerman Kevin Fischer Fred Constantino Daniel Finke Gregory Harris Mark Carlisle, Allison Barnard Feeney Thomas Hedberg, The Program Committee (PC) wasIt responsible prepared the for final the list functional ofamongst organization conference the topics and submitted and technical abstracts invited content and speakers, of refereed selected contributed contributed MBE papers, papers. Summit presentations The 2018. and PC posters consists from of: Program Committee with an Integrated Lifecycle, with technicalRecommended tracks Practice spanning and across Model-Based Systemstion. Engineering Definition, and Model-Based The Lifecycle Management, Manufacturing, MBE Design and Summitpresentations, five Model-Based had posters, Quality 70 and and submissions two panels. Inspec- for This presentation, report of is which the proceedings the of Program the Committee MBE Summit accepted 2018. eight papers, 33 the community that the MBEformation Summit across is the the product bestrecommended lifecycle. place practices for and The gathering how-to MBE guidance. and Summit sharing The 2018 information MBE focused dedicated Summit to on 2018 the empowering theme digital the was trans- industrial shift to MBE with Proc. of the 9 The ninth installment ofTechnology the (NIST) Model-Based on Enterprise April (MBE) 2-5,speaks Summit 2018. to was The the hosted MBE growing at interest Summit the of 2018 MBE witnessed National within another Institute the year-over-year of community registration Standards and growth. the and This importance of the Summit output. Introduction

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 vi Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th We would like toadministrative, thank and the technical following resources: organizations and institutions for sponsoring the MBE Summit 2018 with ﬁnancial, Proc. of the 9 Sponsors

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 ROGRAM vii P UMMIT S Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Russell Waddell and Shaurabh Singh Martin Hardwick Gregory Harris, Daniel Abernathy, Roy Whittenburg, Anthony Holden and Anthony Still Roby Lynn, Mukul Sati, Tommy Tucker, Jarek Rossignac, Christopher Saldana and Thomas Kurfess Nathan Beals, Eric Spero and John Gerdes Gregory Harris, Chris Peters, Roy Whittenburg,Shubrooks Rendell and Hughes, Thomas Kevin Fischer, Hedberg Daniel Hartman, Kong Ma, Jeff Lessons Learned William Bernstein and Christopher Ricigliano David Sanderson, Jack C. Chaplin and Svetan Ratchev Models of Mechano-Electrical Products Masatomo Inui and Tomohisa Fujinuma David Gregory Thad Henry and Rick Steiner Don Kinard Thomas Kurfess Howard Owens, Jonathan Scott, Asa Trainer and Ryan Mills Josh Langsfeld, Matt Robinson, Shaurabh Singh and William Sobel 7 Toward the Standardization of Digital Veriﬁcation Technology, Development of Guidelines for Creating 1DCAE 1 Challenges of using Current Modeling Capabilities in Innovative2 Technology Development Model-Based Systems Engineering in the Real World 3 The Evolution and Revolution of the Digital Thread 4 Internet of Things for Manufacturing 5 3D Data Exchange Project 6 Enabling Facility-Level Interoperability Between Robot Teams and Machine Cell Devices 43 Incorporating Standardized Factory Device Data into the Model Based Enterprise 39 Requirements for a digital twin manufacturing framework 34 Issues in Implementing a Model Based Enterprise 29 Realization of the 5-Axis Machine Tool Digital Twin Using Direct Servo Control from CAM 25 An Integrated Process for the Manufacture of On-Demand Small UAS 20 Digitally Enabling the Supply Chain 16 Integrating Data Visualization Software with Manufacturing Facility Databases: Reference Implementation and 12 Common Shared System Model for Evolvable Assembly Systems Track 2: Design Recommended Practice and Model-based Deﬁnition Panel Sessions Papers Proc. of the 9 Invited Speakers Plenary

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 viii Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Rich Eckenrode and Annalise Suzuki Nathan Hartman, Jesse Zahner, Thomas Hedberg and Allison Barnard Feeney Timothy Thomas and Jennifer Herron Oboe Wu Hadi Jafari and Oboe Wu Daniel Seal, Don Farr, Jason Hatakeyama and Scott Haase Ryan Gelotte and Jennifer Herron Information Network (MFIN) Daniel Campbell, Nathan Hartman, Charlie Tokowitz, Michael Sangid, Mark Nielsen and Saikiran Gopalakrishnan Manas Bajaj and Dirk Zwemer Brian Schouten and Joseph Lopez the DOD Acquisitions Lifecycle Zhigang Pan Gregory Pollari, Adrian Murton and Nigel Shaw Philip Jennings and Mark Debbink Tatyana Vidrevich and Rupert Hopkins Curtis Brown and Adrian Miura Marc Lind Anthony Davenport, Joseph Simmons and Scott Ragon Thomas Parks, Bruce Kaplan, Dick Tiano and Scott Truitt lenges of Model-Based Enterprise (MBE)Ryan Implementation Kuhns in the National Security Enterprise (NSE) Gerald Deren 68 ECN Cost Improvement 66 Extending and Evaluating the Model-based Product Definition 65 Robust Strategy for using Authoritative Source Standard Part data for MBD/MBE Assemblies 64 Ensure solid GD&T practices with Model-Based Definition 63 Inter-Domain Model-Based Workflows at Baker Hughes GE Using SOLIDWORKS 61 The System Engineering Vee - It Still Relevant in the Digital Age? 60 Bill of Features 59 DMDII 15-11-08: Capturing Product Behavioral and Contextual Characteristics through a Model-Based Feature 58 System Lifecycle Handler for enabling a digital thread for smart manufacturing 57 Using Linked Data to Expand Your MBD with OSLC 56 Critical MBE Themes that Enable a Collaborative Government-Industry Digital Engineering Process throughout 55 MoSSEC (Modeling & Simulation information in a collaborative System Engineering Context) Standard Effort 54 A Matrixed Approach to Model Based Product Implementation 53 Linking Technical Requirements beyond PLM vault 52 Maturing MBE Deployment via a Collaborative Model Authorized Product - Realization (MAPR-R) Project 51 Enabling MBE across the Life Cycle through 3Di TDPs 50 Tradespace Exploration of MBSE and MBE Integrated Workflows 49 Connecting the MBE: Integrating 3D Technical Data throughout the System Lifecycle 47 The Model-Based Enterprise Transition Initiative (MBET-I): An NNSA Stockpile Services Solution to the Chal- 46 Empowering the Digital Transformation via Digitalization within the Integrated Lifecycle Proc. of the 9 Track 1: Systems Engineering and Lifecycle Management Presentation Executive Summaries Track 2: Design Recommended Practice and Model-based Definition

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 ix Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Index of Authors Ryan Gelotte quirements for automatic mapping toCurtis the Brown inspection and method Mark as Nielsen color coded tasks for first article inspection. tolerances and contactless laser scanning Atsuto Soma, Hiromasa Suzuki and Toshiaki Takahashi Jennifer Herron, Curtis Brown and Daniel Campbell Timothy Sprock and Conrad Bock Daniel Campbell and Mark Nielsen Mingu Kang and Scott Kruse Shaw Feng Toby Maw and David Ross-Pinnock John Horst Bryan Fischer 87 85 Machine Readable Semantic PMI for Pattern Defintion 84 Optimizing Model Based Inspection, MBI. Development and Integration of key product characteristics and re- 82 Proposal of a data processing guideline for realizing automatic measurement process with general geometrical 81 Presentation: QIF and the Future of Digital Metrology 79 Model-based Operational Control Methods for Smart Manufacturing Systems 78 MBD ROI Case Study: CMM Automation from MBD 77 Automatically Calibrated & Collected 3D Scan Data used for Quality Control (QC) across Supply Chain 76 Selecting Dimensional Measurement Equipment in Inspection Planning 75 Computer Aided Inspection and Quality 74 On-machine measurement use cases for digital thread standards 73 Barriers to MBD and MBE: Real, Perceived, and Self-Inflicted Proc. of the 9 Track 3: Model-based Manufacturing and Quality

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 x Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 -

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1 David GregoryDavid Berthoud, CO Ursa Technologies Major Innovative Technology Development Innovative Technology

Challenges using Current of Modeling Capabilities in Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Rocketdyne. Gregory later Mr. went to workfor Blue Orgin, where he successfully led the propulsiondesign th

satellite vehicles. 3 engine that successfully launched and vertically landed the New ShepardAfter space success vehicle. at Blue - onalCAD tools andprocesses. some However, parts require non - &D environment. & Whitney& Proc. of the 9 . Gregory. graduated University withMaster a of Science degreeTechnological Mechanical in Engineering fromTennessee propulsionsolutions for a widerange of vehicles sized for servicing themicro - BIOGRAPHY Innovations in CAD tools and processes will enable additive manufacturing to continue to mature as a revolutionary process. utilizes additive manufacturingUrsaTechnologies Major extensively in its line of rocket propulsion products and uses conventi a Colorado - Officer forTechnologies, Ursa MajorDavid Gregory Technology is the Chief ABSTRACT additive part and process flows will presentedbe to highlight challenges and opportunities for future CAD innovation. oversees technical and engineering processes for Ursa Major's Oxidizer Rich Staged Combustion engine family ain fast Mr paced R and went to work as a Research Engineer at the Naval He transition SurfaceWarfare to Center. the private sector through Pratt Orgin, Mr. Gregory joined Ursa Major Technologies to Gregory pursue joined his Orgin,engineering Mr. UrsaTechnologies dreamMajor of developing and launchingmicro - and nano- of the BE This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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based approach and practices, but are not always clear how MBSE benefits can be realized on a - Thad HenryThad cases cases Model Huntsville Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has extending been growing beyond across industry, defense and - is an independent Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) consultant and systemsmodeling coach, with

has more than three decades of successfully organizing and managing varied technical projects within many

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clientsAerospacein and various Defense companies. He retired aftera 30- ofNASA's flagship programssuch as the Space ShuttleProgram, theInternational Space Station Program,Tethered the Satellite Program, the 2nd Generation Reusable Launch Program, Vehicle the Constellation Program, and the Exploration LeadSystems for Directorate. Configuration Henry Technical currentlyAgency Mr. Managementserves as the NASA managing CM policy andpractices best including severalNASA within initiatives modelfor Thad Henry Thad BIOGRAPHY configuration management standards and advanced engineering Henry concepts. received Mr. a Auburn Engineering Certification. Certified He is also Configuration Henry an NDIA serves Mr. and on several Data Manager. external professional organizations in leadership roles such as Configuration SAE Management Committee, the NDIA Information DivisionAssociation Council,Technical the for Configuration and Data Management Board of Governors, and Advisory Council. the PDES, Inc.Technical Rick Steiner Fellow and Architect.a RaytheonHe Certified has focused on pragmatic application of systems engineering modeling techniquesand has been advocate,an consultant, and instructor of model aerospace to include variouscommercial enterprises suchvendors as automotive are quick and topoint healthcare. Tool out benefits of this model Use of Model ABSTRACT s for is used information key how and approach MBSE the of and purpose nature the discuss will presentation Our projects. world real within deployment architect, engineer, and leadsystem modeler for several large - International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) as an Expert Systems Engineering Professional (ESEP), and has Steinerbeen honored continuesMr. as an INCOSE to be a key contributor Fellow. to the developmentand certification of the Systems Modeling Language (Sy project.When several deployed successfully, key considerations should addressedbe that maximize the value for usea - case, including: This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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3 the industrial revolution of data. Dr. Don Kinard Don Dr. Lockheed Martin Fort Worth, TX s Manufacturing Team as well ass the Manufacturing CorporateTeam Future Enterprise and the

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&M University. &M s degree in ChemistryAntonio, UniversityTX from Trinity and a PhDin San in Physical ’ The Evolution and Revolution ofDigital the Thread Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 35 in 2004 Dr. Kinard35 in held 2004 variousDr. positions in both Engineering and Manufacturing during his 18 onyears th -

22 Program including Composite Risk Reduction Lead, Covers and Mate IPT Lead, Engineering Lead for F - Proc. of the 9

tainmenttechnologies throughout allthe businessLM units. His technical interests include materials and structures, hter Production System several years ago to manage production transition from the then one aircraft per month Polymer) Chemistry from Texas A Polymer) Chemistry fromTexas

development processes and has enable increased factory automation. More recently we have provided digital information directly to mechanics on the as shopwell as floor, validating the as BIOGRAPHY The Aerospace industry hasThe utilized the digital thread to improve the Don Kinard Dr. is a Senior Fellow for LockheedAeronautics Martin Production Operations. Kinard established Dr. the F ABSTRACT Fig production rate to a 20 aircraft per month production rate; their current build rate is eight aircraft/month. Kinard hasDr. been with LM for 33 years and prior to his current assignment he was Director of F responsible Planning, for Joint Manufacturing Strike Fighter Tooling, AircraftEngineering, Systems andTesting. Before joining F the F Production Support, and Deputy Director metrology. The industry is nowmetrology. tying factory equipment to this digital thread to increase utilization and improve maintenance as a foundational element of Industry 4.0 trans practices. On the future horizon the burgeoning connections between the major systems IT (ERP, Don is also the lead for the LM Corporate Fellow ( Foundational Technology Thread ProgramsFoundational whoseTechnology task is it to develop and share engineering, manufacturing, and sus digital thread integration, industry 4.0, manufacturing manufacturing technology, system design, and production management. Kinard earned a bachelor Dr. This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

e ing, &D in ation digital ederaladvanced scale production gener -

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4 Georgia 13 he was on leave serving as the Assistant Director for AdvancedAssistant13 he on leave was Director serving for as the 20 Dr. Thomas Kurfess Thomas Dr. Atlanta, Georgia Institute Technology of an S.M. electrical in degree engineering from andM.I.T. computer science in 1988. He

Internet of Thingsfor Manufacturing Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th systems targeting digital manufacturing, additive and subtractive processes, and large-

Proc. of the 9

advent of low cost, readily available broad band communication and virtually infinite cloud storage, many of the old stigmatisms related to taking datafrom a plant are no longer of concern. theHowever, question remains as to what to do withthe data. This lecture willdiscuss the useof large scale data sets from production operations and how theycan be leveraged to better understand not only traditional operations, but untapped opportunities from data that are readily available Such opportunitiestoday. provide an improved platformfor classical analytic techniques as aswell more modern, data intensive approaches to process and operations modeling.The talk then will focus on specific next Sensorsareubiquitous in modernmanufacturing operations, ABSTRACT representationstheirand applicationto cost,low highly flexible implementations. Examples will givenbe for both manufacturingoperations (additive subtractive)and and validation/verification, asas well how this capability isextensible is the HUSCO/Ramirez Distinguished Chair in Fluid Power and Motion Control and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at During 2012- theGeorgia InstituteTechnology. of ThomasR. Kurfess received his S.B., S.M.and Ph.D. degrees mechanical in 1986, in 1987 engineeringand from M.I.T. He1989, respectively. also received to cloud computing operations, and next generation technology and business models such as Desktop as a Service (DAAS). The talk conclude will with a discussion workforce of the technology, and infrastructural directions and needs to fully enabl the next generation digital twin, and where such a capability will drive the future ofmanufacturing. BIOGRAPHY Manufacturing at the Policy Office of Sciencein the Technology and Executive Office of the President of the United States America.In this ofposition he had responsibility for engagingthe identify possible areas for policy actions related to manufacturing. He responsiblewas for coordinating F manufacturing R&D, addressing issues related to technology commercialization, identi advanced manufacturing, and developing strategies to address these gaps. Hehas served as speciala consultant oftheUnited Nations tothe Government of Malaysia and the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences, and on the Board Trustees forof the MT Connect Institute. He is the Presidentfor the Societyof Manufacturing Engineers. Hisresearch focuses theon design and development of advanced manufacturing enterprises. manufacturing, and as a participating guest at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at Sandia National Laboratories. He currently serves on the Board of Directors, the National Center for Defense Manufacturing and Machin This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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261 receives261 technical data from s ENOVIA PLM with ENOVIA s ’ 261), transitioning to Model Based Asa Trainer Asa user, which Jonathan Scott Norfolk Dayton, OH toprovide the CADIQsoftware solution native CATIA V5, nativeCATIA ITI CAD Razorleaf Government Solutions International TechneGroup Inc (ITI) Inc TechneGroup International based documents and Technical Data Packagesbased documents Technical and - based communication and collaboration. - 261 willhave a process inplace that willreduce the - s ENOVIA PLM systems ENOVIA to the PMA- ’ forpublishing 3D PDF asthestandard for theU.S. Navy and verify/validateand

5 engineers, and other downstream consumers with the detailed

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Government Solutions were engaged to prototype an automated STEP

261has contracted with - 3D Data Exchange Project Exchange Data 3D buildingAdvanced Manufacturing

-261 CADusers toview the data is required. PMA - togenerate

isdata andtake the necessarysteps to assure the project has useable datathat

USA - , PMA

261 53 Heavy Lift Helicopters program- office (PMA - Center East.PMA -

aided aided design (CAD), non- MD , USA - willconfigure and improvethe ProductLifecycle Management (PLM) system production CAD users to performAs a non- their jobs. ,

PMA

CAD data, reduce the amount of reworkto due incorrect technical data, and reduce the Corporation

Ryan MillsRyan computer

urce Howard Owens CorporationAnarkto provide Core software NAVAIR Boulder, CO Boulder, Anark Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Patuxent River th 53K Heavy Lift Helicopter) is the first 3Dand to the Model instantiate first Based PMA platform at NAVAIR - Summary This project is part of the Naval Ship

montheffort analyze will the as sDEXcenter CADIQ and products 261 (CH Proc. of the 9 - 3DData ExchangeProject

ITI’ lectand analyze feedback. Upon completion of the project, PMA MA Serverto automate the generation of 3D PDFdocuments and 3D PDF technicaldata packages (TDPs) for DLA, as ongoing,but the project has advanced sufficiently to allow presentation of the architecture and operation of the automated system along with the projected benefits.The automated system connects Dassault systemfor creating and delivering consumable technical data, in an acceptable 3D PDF format.The team

Enterprise (MBE) processes require a method of verifying/validating thousands of complexmodels 3D in a shorttime Also needed period.is the ability to generate production - Executive Program Offices, such the H as (TDP) that provide non- Abstract P

formats. Anark Corporation,TranscenData, ITI and Razorleaf technical data for provisioning, cataloging and sustainment.The project was initiated to increase the efficiency and automation of providing verified/validated technical data to all users in a consumable format, because manual conversion and validation of the volume of data appeared infeasible. engineering and manufacturing information required for effective model The environment for technical data that is being delivered from Sikorsky PLM system. A strategy on automaticA system.PLM upload of native CAD files into the PLM system, an automated verification/validation ofnative CAD files,and formata for non- format V5 Sikorsky neutral and in primarily (TIF native and PDF)in format CATIA for lists and specifications.The priority i to have viewable data for non- system.This data can be pushed to or pulled from program partners, both external such as the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), U.S. Navy Naval Supply Systems Command DefenseAgency Logistics (NAVSUP), (DLA), and internal,such as Fleet Readiness systemcomes together to populate the architecture.The project team then will establish the architecture and develop the 3D Data Exchange System.This system will be pilot tested within the Sandbox environment and the project team will col requirementsTDPforEngineering SupportRequests causedby programs using full model based definitionlieu in of 2D drawings. to accept, verify, validatetoaccept, and provide verify, certificationa report for technical data deliveredto potential users. PMA contract with Anark and proposesAir Systems the sameNaval and Command solution Department (NAVAIR), for the Navy, of Defense. amount of reverse engineering requirements for creation/verification/validation of data, reduce labor associated with corrections to the so Excellence, chartered by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) to develop advanced manufacturing technologies and deploy them U.S. shipyards in and other industrial facilities. The8- meets the data requirements. Requirements will be developed in each of the components that make up the complete system.The team mesh will these requirements into the developing architecture and evaluate how This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

intime -

, USA , USA

Vimana William Sobel William Matt Robinson Berkeley, CA Berkeley, San Antonio,San TX Southwest Research Institute Research Southwest case and testbed showcasing lower cost solutions

device interface model, which in turn will lower the cost of 6 grant, the project investigates the use and bridging of open

Level Interoperability Between -

processinspection, intelligent part management,and automated, just

USA , wide level wide or above faces still significant hurdles. The MTConnectstandard ROSand - , USA TX for small and medium sized enterprises. The Cost Effective Coordinated and Cooperative ,

Robot Teams and Machine Cell Devices Robot Teams Enabling Facility or or Technology Manufacturing Josh Langsfeld Shaurabh Singh McLean, VA McLean, San Antonio San Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Southwest Research Institute Research Southwest

wide adoption of open source technologies by providing a use- - The Association f Proc. of the 9

ABSTRACT Manufacturingequipment is already designed tointeroperate within CNCa machine, production cell, or line.a However, deviceinteroperability factoryat a bridge enable a new degree of orchestration with a multi- automation solutions especially Robotics Enabled research by Open project Technologies is andbeing developedSystem Insights. by AMT, FundedSwRI, NIST Measurementa by Science and Engineering(MSE) standards and technologies. It is exploring application of a flexible automation testbed that demonstrates lowering the cost ofautomating typical processes, such as - in for comprehensive factory floor integration for the small and medium sized manufacturer. servicing of machine and machine cell applications. Open source software permits free development over a very large workspace to solve complex problems at no cost to the The end outputuser. from this project is intended to be an enabler for industry This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

- ow In theIn

MODELS

the computer

1DCAE electrical products. In as multifunctional as

VERIFICATION ku, Tokyo, JAPAN ku, Tokyo, - electrical product design. electrical CREATING omohisa FUJINUMA T solving method known asknown model method solving - Chiyoda PRODUCTS Verification Technology, JEITA JEITA Technology, Verification DIGITAL FOR Standardization Committee of New Digital New Standardization of Committee electrical industry comparison in to the automobile

mechanical mechanical products, such

7 ELECTRICAL GUIDELINES -

electrical products is brief compared to automobiles and automobiles to compared brief is products electrical

STANDARDIZATION OF

performance electro- de inclu facts limitedforthe reasons use its Some electrical products. MECHANO

electrical component. also We explain our findings in the use of 1DCAE in the OF To promote the use of 1DCAE,To it is necessary to eliminate the obstacles associated

OF DEVELOPMENT electrical products. we briefly In this explain study, our guidelines and use part of them to asatomo INUIasatomo baraki University WARD THE M I

Hitachi, Ibaraki, JAPAN TO electrical products, unlike the automobile and aircraft industries, it is not a popular a and aircraft not industries, is it automobile the unlike products, electrical

To realize such a design, it is important to actively use computer simulations in the in use simulations computer actively to important is it such a design, realize To Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018

electrical industry. electrical industry. th allows the definition of mathematical models forfunctional verification. models allows mathematical the of definition Although 1DCAE is considered to be effective for supporting the conceptual/functionalforsupportingthe design be effective to considered is Although 1DCAE - high Small, precise, and In the automobile and aircraft manufacturing fields, product functions are rapidly advanced, advanced, rapidly functions are fields, manufacturing product aircraft the and In automobile

aircrafts, and the necessary cost for preparing the mathematical model for 1DCAE is relatively relatively is for1DCAE model mathematical forthe cost preparing necessary aircrafts, the and large. The development cycle of mechanoof The development cycle

TECHNOLOGY ntroduction down the appropriate design solutions at an early stage. Since limited geometric limited is information stage. Since early thesolutions an at appropriate design down CAE 3D existing to use difficult is design stage, it the early product forthe at determined technologies for simulations. conceptual and functional design processes to evaluate the feasibility of the function,narr and of feasibility the the to evaluate design processesfunctional conceptual and design of automobiles/aircrafts, it is popular to use a problem use to popular is design it automobiles/aircrafts, of functions requirements and the to related conditions various In(MBD). MBD, based development functions can models, evaluating product the By mathematicalmodels. by defined of are products 3D often before simple begin analyses design early Since stages. very the at be verified conceptual/functional is design stage early the at the MBD application of information determined, is already [2] have [1] and MATLAB/Simulink as Modelica such Tools as known 1DCAE. specifically automobile/aircraft the used in Inbeen extensively industries. these tools, mathematical formulas in interconnection their and icons, expressedfunctions as are torelated product display of mechano- design method- for mechano that: 

I in manufacturing products machines, are teller automated copiers, printers, cameras, and digital functionality products, higher these of in. In development the excelled traditionally Japan has which strongly are product design for supporting efficient technologies required, and prices are and lower expected.

ABSTRACT Although 1DCAE is considered to be effective for supporting the conceptual/functional design of mechano- electrical products, 1DCAE is not popular in the mechano- with the use of 1DCAE, and to reduce the costrequired to create models of mechano- mechano- and aircraft industries. the attempt to reduce the modeling cost, we have started to develop guidelines for creating proper 1DCAE models of mechano - develop a specific mechano- - mechano the in encountered those to similar resulting problems in Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

electrical component. We also explain explain We also component. electrical - electrical products electrical industry, it is necessary to eliminate to necessary is it industry, electrical electrical industry. 8 he basic structure of the product changes rapidly. rapidly. productthe changes structure of he basic In this step, the modeling level of components of is modeling level the step, this In

electrical product manufacturers is small compared to tho compared to se manufacturers small is product electrical based tools (OpenModelica or other commercialor or tools), other (OpenModelica based tools In this step, a model is implemented according to theto implemented is according model step, a thisIn electrical products. In this study, we explain our guidelines and guidelines our and explain we this study, In products. electrical : In this step, the design target is determined and the function of thefunction of the target and determined is design the thisIn step, electrical products, t based commercial 1DCAE systems are available in the market, such as such market, the in available are systems 1DCAE based commercial -

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 3 Model implementation 2 Modeling policy 2 Modeling policy determination: th promote the use of 1DCAE in the mechano the in - 1DCAE of use the promote tep tep tep 1 Target selection: tep 1 Target igure 1 presents an overview of our 1DCAE modeling guidelines. In the guideline, a typical a typical guideline, theguidelines.In modeling of 1DCAE our overview an igure 1 presents S S S F 1DCAE. in specializing engineers train to difficult is it and thein industry, automobile/aircraft To Therefore, reuse of prior models for new designs is difficult. The model has to be recreated forrecreated be to modelThe has designs difficult. for is new models prior Therefore, of reuse product. eachnew mechanoof business The scale of In the case mechanoof - - mechano models of 1DCAE creating for uidelines

ig. 1 Flowchart of modeling process set in our guidelines our in set process modeling of ig. 1 Flowchart determined modeling policy. - Modelica determined modeling policy. tool in critical is proper the Selection of implementation. the used in usually are MATLAB/Simulink Modelica Many this step. determined based on the functional development result. The functionalThe scope specifications, of result.functional development the on determined based modeling ranges, and disturbance, potential value their and modeling, parameters, design functional specifications of the on method depends The modeling determined. also are accuracy, the model. Consider a design of a gear train. When the purpose is the analysis of a conveying of conveying the a When analysis is purpose the train.gear a design of model. a the Consider the of the analysis is the purpose if gear However, enough. is ratio simple the rotation,modeling of vibration of the gear train, modeling of the rigidity of the gear’s teeth is necessary. target product is clarified. It is desirable to carry out functional development and reduce functionto reduce functional and out development carry to It desirable is target clarified. is product to establish desirable also It is parameters. proper models and output with input physical the understand to advance product target in the of charge designer the communications in with model. 1DCAE the necessary solution using model development process is formulated in a flowchart. The flow can be subdivided in three in subdivided be flowThe can flowchart. a formulated in is model development process subsequent the and model construction stage, specificationstage, model the include stages, which steps.the some details of the of explain we chapter, this models.In the use of the obstacles associated with the use of 1DCAE as much as possible, and to reduce the cost of of cost the reduce to and possible, as as much 1DCAE of the use with the associated obstacles forguidelines creating developing are modeling cost, we the reduce to effort the model In creation. proper 1DCAE models for mechano- mechano a simple toformulatedguidelines develop use the - mechano the in 1DCAE of use findings the in our G 

 F Proc. of the 9

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4 4 are repeated to refine the

step, the entire model or a model of the subsystem are constructed are subsystem the model of or a model entire the step,

When the model is deployed in the design, new demands emerge, suchemerge, demands new design, the in When deployed is model the Constructed models are verified in this step. There are two types of of types There two are this in step. models verified are Constructed

In this In

outcome is then compared with the actual machines, including past models or past machines, including actual the with compared then is outcome

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 5 Validation: 4 Verification: move? model constructed the Does limit lower their and upper within variables with multiple design properly itDoes work values? th y requirements determined in Step 2. If they do not, Steps 2– do not, Steps If they 2. Step in requirements determined y g questions are evaluated: gquestions evaluated: are

Constructed models are sent to the design department. To encourage the encourage To department. design the to sent models are Constructed tepPromotion: 6 tep 7 Maintenance: tep tep S

S   S S ig. 2 Block diagram of a paper transfer mechanism transfer a paper of diagram ig. 2 Block rrors against a reference in the accuracy verification. When variables design combinations of the verification. accuracy the in reference rrors a against model. The end- to are cycles executed PDCA Finally, model. the of accuracy the confirm to experimental benches, accuracy. model’s improve the for include, example, Thesemay are necessary. works promotion various them, todesigners use theoretical of the background explaining a report formulation of the manual, usage distribution a of model the use thatdesigners It important is other documents. reports, and model, the accuracy with confidence. Additionally, we strive to confirm that the implemented model reveals stable motion with limited with motion model stable reveals implementedthat the confirm strive to we Additionally, e variable design the track to table an orthogonal devise to necessary is high,tremendously it are verification. the combinations in theat verified comparedand subsequently is The model models. connecting component by the results satisfy the whether check then We measurement actual values. with subsystem level accurac F verification, including the operation and accuracy verifications. In the operation verification, thethe verifications.In operation verification, and accuracy operation the including followin theto respond To on. design variables, and so new functions, of of addition as expansion It resources important. is proper human with maintenance system a model of demands, realization them. reuse and models the control of forthe rules to establish necessary also is

Dymola and SimulationX, for example. Each of these systems has its own characteristics. The characteristics. own its has systems these of for example. Each and SimulationX, Dymola important.target is problem for the most tool appropriate selection the of Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

by by the Inmodel. this hanism forhanism the copier machine and the 10

electrical product. In this study, we use OpenModelica [3] a OpenModelica as use we study, this In electrical product. in system.in -

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 electrical product, we conducted some empirical studies on the modeling of typical typical modeling of the empiricalon studies conducted some we product, electrical th To evaluate the applicability of the guidelines for constructing the 1DCAE model of the the model of for theguidelines 1DCAE constructing of the applicability the evaluate To We decomposed a simple paper transfer mechanism to some components and clarified the and clarified components some to mechanism transfer paper simple a decomposed We ig. 3 Paper model intransfer Modelica printer. Understanding the total behavior of the mechanism is necessary for developing the control thefor control developing necessary mechanism is the of total behavior the Understanding printer. built the software and Evaluation results mechano- components theof - mechano In possible. as as much guidelines our in given modeling process the to Weadhere modeling tool. transferThe paper transfer mechanism. a paper result the explain modeling of we this paper, mec important but constitutes an mechanism complex is

physical relationships between the components. We then defined the functional model of thefunctional model of the defined then We relationships the components. between physical based on Modelica in implemented The modelis 2). Fig. (see diagram block mechanism using a derived the results simulation shows 4 Fig. Fig. in 3. shown the diagram tension are paper and theforce surface friction paper results at the of analyzed graph, the illustrated. F Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

- e e plan plan e 493-

- W dev

use theuse in mechano

electrical products is is products electrical - electrical industry. industry. electrical electrical industry, e.g., coordinate system. We system. coordinate e.g., industry, electrical 11

motion changes use sensor information and the timingthe and information sensor use changes motion

electrical products, it is necessary to represent switching represent to necessary itelectrical is products, based motion. -

to thoroughly evaluate its applicability. In our empirical study, we also also we study, In empirical our applicability. its evaluate thoroughly to

electrical products,electrical -

IEEE Press, 2011. IEEE Press, -

and timing chart

- - Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th ome connections between parts in the belt/paper transfer mechanism were difficult to to weretransfer difficult belt/paper mechanism the parts in ome between connections It is difficult to quantitatively measure the effectiveness of the guidelines with this simple us thisguidelines simple with the of measurethequantitatively effectiveness to It difficult is S represent Modelica. in The standard Modelica library (SML) was inadequate to model complex physical phenomena. physical model complex to inadequate library was (SML) The standard Modelica chart. The modeling framework provided by Modelica is not suitable for representing suchfor representing suitable not is Modelica by frameworkprovided modelingThe chart. sensor mechanisms with sensors; however, these are not easily impleme nted Modelica. easily in not are these sensors;mechanisms however, with - mechano of theIn design - mechano the rules to specific There some are think that the preparation of a Modelica library specializing library mechano in a Modelica of preparation the think that necessary. In the mechano

eferences results ig. 4 Simulation 3] Open Source Modelica Consortium, “OpenModelica User’s v1.13.0 Guide,- “OpenModelica Consortium, Modelica Release Source Open 3] 1] Fritzson, P., “Introduction to Modeling and Simulation of Technical and Physical Systems Physical with and Technical of and Simulation to Modeling “Introduction P., Fritzson, 1] 2] Tyagi, A. K., “MATLAB and Simulink for Engineers,” Oxford University Press, 2012. University Oxford for Engineers,” and Simulink “MATLAB K., A. Tyagi, 2]

case, but we believe that the guidelines are effective in creating models without mistakes. creatingmodels in without guidelinesare effective that the believe we case, but Digital New of Committee theof Standardization companies guidelines member to to the distribute Technology Verification - mechano the in using Modelica in following difficulties identified the  its to indispensable is expand Modelica of enhancement that some think We F electrical industry. R   [ gddc51eb.”  [ Modelica,” Wiley [ Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

, , , - low , heal, self heal, and other and - , , machines, s up times -

hanging product product changing , of a system can be

short set such as robot as such

Systems optimising their performance

Adaptation Adaptation

o respond to challengescurrent evolution of products, processes, processes, products, of evolution need is dictated by: dictated need is that can be applied at different different at applied be that can

Nottingham, UK Jack C. Chaplin

Assembly assembly systems able to continuously continuously to able systems assembly University Of Nottingham [1]. This

for

and systems in their continuous development development continuous their in systems and

, , are managed and controlled [10]. There is also Therealso is [10]. controlled and managed are to changes at different levels of the enterprise. the of levels different at changes to emerging new technologies. new emerging

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thatcooperate to goalsachieve their [7]. Building on techniques such evolutionary as reconfigur

in response to response in s toward "manufacturing drive societal and as a service". Common

to manufacturing that systems to and al Nottingham, UK provide must They demand. requirements and product in changes to

David Sanderson David Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 University ofNottingham autonomous responsiveness to disruptive events and demand fluctuations in current assembly assembly current fluctuations in and demand events to disruptive responsiveness autonomous th of

even even factories or systems; systems; an economic demand for rapid ramp - in response in

and reconfigure

, ,

lack

s, Proc. of the 9 3. 2. 1.

indicators. Key knowledge gaps are in: finding the best model and architecture for product, process and system and system process for product, architecture model and best finding the in: gaps are knowledge indicators. Key adaptation findingintegratio; of thestn levels mo appropriate the disturbances in updatedunderstandingand how ; triggered by different factors and driven by a varietyfactors of forces by and driven triggered breakdowns selective different including by characteristics components, performance equipment processesmutabilityrequirements, and of approaches systems generic evolvable of lack a and limited research manufacturing hierarchical system computation and swarm, intelligence - cost successful future for key challenge a is and evolution Vision adaptive [2], and automatic systems manufacturing reconfigurable of in research body significant There a is control [3], and manufacturing systems and modelling Thesimulation fractal [4]. factory concept [5] proposed an integratedapproach have have changing environments been proposedin order [10]. and production systems products, processes between harmony and Achieving balance Holonic Manufacturing Systems [6] use loosely coupled holons to represent resources represent to holons coupled loosely use [6] Manufacturing Systems Holonic evolve evolve es approach development for new need a there is Consequently, cost maintenance of

Assembly of final products in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, pharmaceutical and medical industriesmedical is and pharmaceutical aerospace, as automotive, such final sectors of in Assembly products high in oura key lab production process ABSTRACT Motivation manufacturersto transformcapital need adapt A vital aspect of distributed control in an adaptable production system is coherence between each system system coherenceis productioneach between system distributed vital of an adaptable aspect control in A system shared common a using challenge this addresses project Systems Assembly Evolvable resource. The implemented as model approach system shared the theand project of overview an provides paper model.This cell. world demonstration a realin This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

h f-

the ligent and sel and

capabilities awareness, awareness, - agent control, - of reconfigurable recent theoretical

". This model is built model built is This ". world instantiations. world -

that capture the product the thatproduct capture

real intelligentcontrol,

built upon the principles of principles of the built upon s philosophy philosophy

which [14], on approach how to produce a given unique unique given a produce to how and adaptable assembly and assembly adaptable and ecipes r agent agent , , manufacturing s, require systems - making across the entire spectrum spectrum entire the across making driven collective behaviour leading leading behaviour collective driven complementary tocomplementary thi is an surrounding the understandof ing

aware - subscribe subscribe and the business and social environment. businessenvironment. social and the and shared system model system shared , ,

– – problem one” context - To achieve achieve To scale data processes. processes. scale data , , . . programme of - aware aware equipment and systems, multi - awareness, multi awareness, - organisation based on a community of autonomous of on a community based organisation - - This size - automated. 13 - making, and integrates acros

the development of goal - of development the

[11, 12]. [11, system self system

s lity in the face of disruptions or changes in requirements [11, 12]. 12]. [11, requirements in changes disruptions or of face the in lity scale algorithmic capabilities and interfaces capable of delivering of capable interfaces and capabilities algorithmic scale ed "plug and produce" configuration methods, equipment module methods, configuration"plug equipment and produce" sed - each individual element with element eachindividual with

adaptation - the methods of the context evolve products, with processes evolve

- . At the local level, each resource is controlled by an agent whic agent an level, each local resource by controlled the is At Figure1. s adaptation allow making, ubiquitous context - stage/multi a framework for autonomous a and assemblyand cell levels. , s s adopted

: The evolution ofThe basedis system on context the evolution structure and behaviour : ce and self based, throughbased, hybrid, to fully

has awareness, standardi awareness, : The morphology of future production systems in the project is based on intel based project is the in systems future production morphologyThe of : - : The core principles and methods developed by the project areinstantiated fixture, principles methods and at Thedeveloped end core : awareness awareness s provide -

agent intelligence support agent it create making level operations, and can be mined for large mined can be operations, and level Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 – – th

product on the specified set of resources. specified of the set product on - This decision enables techniques. arning, and adaptation planning, Infrastructure effector, workstation effector, Instantiation Decision- resource objects. These are connected in a distributed architectural infrastructure inspired by flexibleare and a distributed in connected architecturalThese by infrastructure inspired resource objects. reconfigurable manufacturing systems. le from fully human- - decision infrastructure, distributed enables the

Proc. of the 9 new behaviour. new 1. 3. 2. such, research the such, design and, crucially, new multi - new crucially, and, design this concept the with needs these addresses Our research of Assembly" "Evolvable new levels of levels new context - autonomous distributed decision

learning, swarm intelligen distributed systems, intelligent learning, machine networks, complex as such areas subject developments in future shape the to opportunity by matched also is This computing.control, and ubiquitous processing data that could control and infrastructure for and capabilities sensing fusingIT currentby manufacturing systems modernmanufacturing. in process of complexity and product the level match and exceed Challenges As foundations are theoretical and new remain fundamental challenges above the date, to Despite achievements formanufacturinggeneration urgently needed systems next product on a given set of manufacturing resources. Our solution to this can also be leveraged to provide set given oftothis Ourproduct toleveraged canbe provide manufacturing also resources. solution a on resilience, robustness, general and adaptabi manufacturingtheresources, areWhenthey of considering characterised based set on the available by manufacturedThedefined is to productsbe to theprovide they system. a distributedto modelssubject and the and recipes are both are These modelled capabilities requirements. ofadaptable analysis a control used to plan manufacturability automatically producethat the can approach specified manufacturing systems that can co Thistheoretical,challenges presents new transformational approach technicalthat demand social and fundamental multidisciplinary research. main areas: fall into three These challenges manufacturing to purposeful system evolution. The programme is a departure from the previous the from a departure is The programme evolution. system to purposeful maintains a local model of the system and environment, based on the BDI paradigm [13]. These agents interact These interact agents [13]. paradigm BDI on the and environment,of based system the model maintains a local - publish a using maintained model, system a common shared via in shown is Theapproach overall The “type problem” for the EAS approach is the “batch the is approach EAS the for problem” The “type " common for a requirement the is threethese areas Crossing across across Model Shared System environment;multi - adaptation.Context and self entities; and cooperative distributed analysis and planning operates. This shared model can further be used as an integration point for point an integration as used further be can modelshared This planning operates. and distributed analysis other enterprise-

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

in this in shown shown

and is is and

behaviours are defined defined are behaviours

structural skin panels from skin panels structural

Layered Architectural Architectural Layered Model 14 oriented -

manual process) -

: : EAS Agent 1 that allows the distributed agent control layer to interact with the relevant PLC or or relevant PLC the with the interact to distributed control layer agent that allows

Figure aisle aircraft Model B, although other options such as the Siemens IOT2040, Intel Galileo,Intel B, IOT2040,the or although suchModel Siemens National as options other -

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Apply temporaryApply fasteners (semi Scan parts with a line scanner a line Scan parts with Store parts in rack for rack curing Store in parts Apply sealant Apply common single Pick, place, and manipulate a variety of trailing edge ribs and non- ribstrailing and of edge variety manipulate a Pick, and place, Load and unload parts via conveyor via parts Load and unload

Proc. of the 9

• • • • • • . The demonstrator consists of two ABB IRB6700 robots, a shared central workspace, a tool rack rack tool a central workspace, a shared robots, IRB6700 ABB two The consists of demonstrator Figure 2. case 3 a Raspberry Pi controller. hardware Instruments RIO are possible – possible Instruments are RIO Each resource in the system is controlled by an intelligent agent deployed on an embedded computer –computer embedded on an deployed agent an intelligent by controlled is the system in Each resource changer. tool an automatic equipped with it is such As files.recipe of a variety through components defined to aerospace assemble designed is The cell (sub of- capabilities level highest the to following map processes, the which ofcapable beneathhierarchically these):

accessible by one robot, and both a shared tool/part rack and a part loading conveyor belt accessible by the by belt accessible conveyor loading part tool/part and a rack a shared and both one robot, accessible by rack respective their on effectors end different number of a to access robot has Each other robot. in Implementation Example of Nottingham University the at demonstrator concept of proof a implemented in has been system This This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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, 48(2), 527- 48(2), , nnu. Rev. Control Rev. nnu. pp312 ransformable ransformable -process t FMS, Ann. -95, 15 odels of of odels m http://www.omg.org/spec/DDS/Current : Assembly Assembly : Cell Layout 2 nstitutions and nstitutions i ormal Figure production and processes products, of lectronic and and A digital manufacturing, e ontrol from f from ontrol c evolution -evolution , inpractice to ICMAS theory rom rganising rocess rocess -o p —Co , , Group Management Object making, and instantiation. Solutions to these all rely on a common shared system model model system shared on a common rely all these to making, Solutions and instantiation. Self

Toward Toward The Ghost in the Machine, Hutchinson and Co., London. and Co., Hutchinson Machine, the in Ghost The , 2015 BDI agents: f agents: BDI , Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 ). ). th

et al , 1967

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Sanderson , Service Distribution Data Rao Bakker

Implementing 21st Century Smart Manufacturing, 2011, www.smart 2011, Manufacturing, Smart Century 21st Implementing [11] [11] [13] . Eng systems, manufacturing reconfigurable for systems -agent multi -inspired Bio 2012, al, et Leitao, [8] J agents, cognitive of on swarm based system manufacturing autonomous An 2012, Park, [9] SPECIES 2010, al, et Tolio [10] [12] [7] Sugi, et al, 2003, A holonic architecture for easy reconfiguration of robotic assembly systems, IEEE T. T. IEEE systems, assembly robotic of reconfiguration easy for architecture holonic A 2003, al, et Sugi, [7] [14] [4] ElMaraghy, et al. 2008, Modelling evolution in manufacturing: A biological analogy, CIRP CIRP analogy, biological A manufacturing: in evolution Modelling 2008, al. et ElMaraghy, [4] Springer. Culture, in Corporate Revolution A Company, Fractal The 1993, Warneke, [5] A., [6] Koestler,

[2] Koren, et al, 1999, Reconfigurable manufacturing systems, CIRP CIRP systems, manufacturing Reconfigurable 1999, al, et Koren, [2] adaptive Towards 2010, al, et [3] Monostori, References [1] Conclusions mainareas: three in challenges must address manufacturingdomain the in challenges current to Responses infrastructure,- decision SystemsAssembly Evolvable EPSRC UK by provided support the acknowledge gratefully The authors (EP/K018205/1 Acknowledgements which is built across the infrastructure, enables distributed- decision infrastructure, enables the built acrossis which Evolvable the by used model system shared this to approach the overall presented has This paper instantiations. Assembly components. This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

s: s: We

system system - what, where, what,

allows allows users to

Database

observe trends.

- forming decisions for Keshif to . -

Ricigliano , USA M. M. VA challenges of such a task. , showcased.

Fairfax : : Swim lane depiction of user ed in the Fabrication Technology ined the Fabrication Technology 2 Christopher Christopher School High Woodson W.T. capabilites and Figure instance. Keshif interaction in presented

fication of otherwise difficult have jobas jobs in the NIST shops is e data exploration tool with a Structured Query Language

for the exploration of tabular data [1] l 16 sourc - . The data is smart manufacturing systemsthe into typical manufacturing

here we of aditional job shopjob aditional

table manufacturing

. Then, data is retrieved is data Then, .

n loop”, wherein the shop . Interactive visualization interfaces can help provide graphical summaries of

a visualization too

, presented. First, we access a

teractive visualizaiton tools for understanding trends and in n a row in a large read into Keshif w Figure 1 presents the workflow of the of workflow the presents 1 Figure work SQL database manufacturer of through targeted SQL scripts. a We then format and contract clean the eachrepresent data to Division, NIST Division, dashboard to suit exploration modes for a Visualization Software with Manufacturing Facility Facility Manufacturing with Software Visualization

floor managers. The right column in orange Reference Implementation and Lessons Learned Learned Lessons and Implementation Reference and provide guidance to small shops that to wish implementsimilar technologies.

Data Data logging jobs, planning resources, and building parts. building resources,and planningjobs, logging

William Z. Bernstein Z. William , Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 . Gaithersburg, MD, USA MD, Gaithersburg,

paper paper is twofold, (1) to integrate an open g th .

Smart Manufacturing; Database Data Exploration;Data Management; VisualizationTracking; Job

Systems Integration Integration Systems demonstrates the use of an open source data visualization tool to facilitate deeper reasoning and understandingand reasoningdeeper facilitate to tool visualization data source open an of use thedemonstrates

a specific layout of such as manufacturing processes, jobs, materials, and human resources, allowing users to analyze large amounts large analyze to users allowing resources,human and materials, jobs, processes,manufacturing as such

demonstrate the utility of i

: Project workflow Project : 1 based based database of a small manufacturer and (2) to enumerate the ed to - ) Proc. of the 9 paper broad “interaction loops” shown by dotted boxes in Figure 2. The Integrating Integrating

SQL The green dotted box is the “visualizatio into tr “manufacturingor thesignifiesloop” box dotted blue management,e shows the interactions of the machine operators focused on machining or jobs. The middle workerscolumn in red shows activities that are conducted by the computer system. These activities can be classified Figure 2 illustrates the interaction that our Keshif instance provides to different stakeholders. The purpleconducted by column the shop (left) specifies activities design browsera into integrated is dashboard The discovery. and finding trend thenand users are able to explore possible trends of data. the Figure METHODS ( hope manufacturing facilities of shop floor data. Here, we use Keshif select and compare various aspects ofdataset, a facilitating the identi The goal of this of spanning data, multiple categories to makemore informed decisions. This INTRODUCTION who, the summarize to needed are ways sophisticated more complex, increasingly becomes manufacturing As when, and why of manufacturing activities activities Keywords: Keshif, was paired with database an thefrom SQL NIST manufacturing shop locat Division. The utility of interactive data exploration of traditional manufacturing shop floor datahoused databases in SQL demonstrated. In addition, a Keshif instance representing 6340 ABSTRACT purposeThe of this study issupport to the integration environment.This paper enumerates challenges and limitations faced as an open source visualization software,namely This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

In gh

as a [2].

Though 2 Manager Manager dashboard ities of the be be used

(blue) to (blue) can

” in green. green. in ” B

representative of a user Manager A Manager dashboard

Manager is project can be viewed as a e choose to show the following from the primary activ This

. ess of SQL queries provides significant provides queries SQL of ess separate ” in blue and “ and blue in ” . This snapshot is

kept

Keshif

etailed information regarding their operation to an In this example, w bed

Manager A Manager test - sms scheduling. - job an an interactive visualization 17

systems - scale job shop, exemplary of a contract manufacturer. Here, the - techniques. to perform queries on the Microsoft SQL Server set up by the NIST by setupServer theSQL performon Microsoftto queries

hours and labor rate

- manufacturing - 340 parts) for 2017 - associated witheach job. managers, specified as “ as specified managers, er the differences and similarities in the distributions of specific job characteristics,

serv - facility

explore instruments/smart - server/sql - can es manager the responsible for

US/sql -

signifi provides a screenshot of a dashboard built using

signifies customerthe

– 3 – cost associated with stock raw material and needed. hops to implement exploration data

experts to build fully integrated, interactive visualizations [1] so that th – - Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 cost associated the with person

th – Figure Cost

: Instance of a Keshif dashboard interaction. Here, the user compares all jobs related related to allcompares jobs user the dashboard Keshif Here, interaction. of a Instance : 3 in Figure 3. The core idea here is that the “visualization loop” is https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools https://www.microsoft.com/en Proc. of the 9

2 1 Material Cost Labor Production Code Customer Code (green). Different panels show different trends of the show data. (green). of different trends panels Different

Figure B

• • • • filtering interactions, the user such as production cost, labor costs, job time, and dates of delivery. facilityattributes: shops in the FTO. Theshops also Bed is in FTO the the FTO. primary subject of NIST the Smart Manufacturing SystemsTest (SMS) the Bed, SMS Test machines with varying capabilities already stream d open server. two between attributes job comparing guideline for s other Management Server Studio SQL usedcase,this we In CASE STUDY CASE OfficeThe (FTO) NIST Fabrication is Technology a small FTO is employed as a source of model data (6 is geared for non reference implementation that others can emulate. interactive dashboards. rigidn traditional the to opposed as data with interaction natural more that believe We opportunitiessmallfor(SMEs). and medium Furthermore, enterprises purposefully chooseaplatform we visualization that management can assess the efficiency of the shop’s operations across various dimensions as depicted in the shown throudiscovery trend for capabilities additional providing still normally yet behave to shop the allowing operations, shop’s This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

. d 3 ns these Figure Figure

n be classified ]. ng, jargon, and 3 In the reference la for deeper insight

in its current form, , S

, it seems that there that seems it ,

, .

query to illustrate the ”. Implementing an .

Its highlighting feature highlighting Its a sensors

formatted practices from Manager B

“ , hese challenges ca T Our dashboard

. , e.g. a screenshot of s

. For example, considering the 19,915 those of insight Figure 3, the ‘lock’ feature is used to compare to used is feature ‘lock’ the 3, Figure Looking closer at the data the at closer Looking

” to presents . We see similar problems regarding maintenance regarding problems similar see We . . In the following section, we enumerate

FTO cleaned and consistently categories.

Manager A Figure 4 “ vanced data stream issues related to the facility’s useful “window” to the SQL database. database. SQL the to “window” useful

18 . is a is zation software zation brought forward significant challenges with respect to linking such

more ad

described shipping activates, but had over 20 different terms for

pose a significant challenge .

visuali

t was still possible to draw i ,

during this reference implementation. capabilities his exercise is to influence small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in yet entries

, e.g. , software (2) and

t, to illustrate value to shop managers and foreman, it is necessary to provide for job completion For example, at the top left corner of corner left top the at example, For

used open

confronted abound database.abound in the

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in the database . the s” , the extracted data must be table, 2338 Though the learning curve is such shallow, interfaces requires some time to set up. This

As a resul the date when the job was completed. typo ted on the job database for the NIST Shops. Here, we see the breadth of incompleteness and seewe of breadth incompleteness the the NIST Shops. Here, job for thedatabase ted on .

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Figure and the jargon, abbreviations, entries in the describin variety of inconsistencies and incompleteness. This causes considerable issues in reading and aggregating information Challenges related to the facility’s practices facility’s the to related Challenges Due to varying degrees of quality unexplained abbreviations could could would also require the investment of Keshif is designed to implementation, cannot additional backend capabilities. into two areas: software exploration data the to related Challenges LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES thisIn section challenges and limitations. The main goal of t their data handling and collection. If SMEs abide by technologies manufacturing smartbest introducing practices, they could significantly improve their readiness for reporting, where SMEs are capablenot of consistently reporting information about maintenance activities [ To justify such claims, targeted user studies are required. Eventually, we plan to develop automated queries, data cleaning, data queries, automated develop to plan we Eventually, required. are studies user targeted claims,such justify To and dashboard updating. data exploration frameworks with small job shops like the NIST of total job time and cost are similar comparing evaluating key performance indicators (KPIs) would provide additional insight into the Keshif browser. allows for rapid review of processed data. processed of review rapid for allows several across prepared have employees two parts of amount the is distributioa spike in job delivery the around October ofthat multiple years, see seeOctober 2016 and October also 2017, at the bottom can of We months. following the in times busy less by followed are dates these that seems also It • dashboard Keshif the by provided summary the general, In • • • This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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. 23

, and and Expressive Tabular Data Exploration for automating the

visualization dashboard for such research.forsuch and Mark Luce of the Fabrication Technology Office for Office Technology Fabrication the of Luce Mark and

experts and promote more domain - the 2017 Advances in Production Management Systems team Autonomous Labeling of Unstructured Maintenance Log

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]. Manufacturing remains Manufacturinga ]. . In this example, we see that even when systems are in place to properly store formatted data formatted store properly to place in systemsare when even that see we example, this In . 5 , Jo , nate nate the need for a human or machine to format the data downstream, allowing for close omatically 4 not followed. followed. not Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 aut

th end tool that could correct data (or recommend changes to the data) before its stored. The first solution -

ontcheva,M., Adar, E., Z.Liu, and Karahalios, 2015, K.G., November. Datatone: Managing ambiguity in

IEEE IEEE transactions visualization on and computer graphics IEEE Transactions Visualization on and Computer Graphics often

base. Since this data is mostly captured through human input as a String, a as input humanthrough captured mostly is data this Since base. . rovide the data inused this work.

user input to the database, p a front ization. ization. Note that recommender systems specifically geared for Proc. of the 9 thank Kevin Lyons graphics natural language interfaces for data visualization. In Interface Software Technology& Satyanarayan,Wongsuphasawat, A., Moritz, D., K. and J., Heer, 2017. Vega Sharp, M., Sexton, T., forData Diagnostic RootCause Analysis IFIP. Gao, T., D Novices. Hedberg, T.D. and Helu, M.M., 2017. Advanced Manufacturing Series Yalcin, M.A., Elmqvist, N. and Bederson, B.B., 2017. Keshif: Rapid improving data wrangling and querying without affecting the job shop database

[5] [3] [4] [2] REFERENCES [1] instruments or materials are identified in this report to facilitate better understanding. recommendationsSuch or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. DISCLAIMER No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by NIST is intended or implied. Certain commercial equipment, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We Bed Test SystemsManufacturingSmart the acknowledge also helping to p manufacturing to manufacturing information visualization and be generated automatically to specifically show the right data at the right time to the right person. This vision would prom would vision This person. right the to time right the at data right the show specifically to automatically generated be the further use of advanced visual interactive visualizations with non [ challengeresearch (3) responsibl workersof behavior the change to need no be would there developed, were tool re ultimately those defined by formally manufacturing systemsmanufacturing are practices natural RECOMMENDATIONS This exercise can be considered a develo requires considerable computation time and effort and would approach would elimi make near real visualizations. from the data the from common.very a Using machine queryto across such inconsistence wouldThere hence are be not possibletwo effective. solutions to address this challenge. We could use a “search and replace” program to correct common inconsistencies or This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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USA , s the potential to dramatically reduce sdramatically the to potential enabled supply chain practices chain supply enabled and Raytheon Andover, MD, MD, Andover, Jeff Shubrooks Manufacturers (OEMs) and Small/Medium Small/Medium and (OEMs) Manufacturers the processes and tools that can tools and processes the

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a a del Indianapolis, IN, in the product realization process is a significant source of friction of source significant a process is realization product the in Based EnterprisesBased e frictionth in e Mo

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Chris Peters The Lucrum Group considered transferred and consumed within the supply chain, but the supply within transferred and consumed Annapolis, MD, USA

USA standards such as STEP AP242, STEP AP203, STEP AP214, JT, and QIF that that QIF and JT, AP214, AP203, STEP AP242,STEP STEP as such standards eduction in cycle time and costs, and time cycle in eduction Rolls Royce r Shifting to Model to Shifting Daniel Hartman Indianapolis, IN,

implementation of the digital thread. Interoperability is a bane bane a is Interoperability thread. thedigital of implementation

flow is just as important and can be just as costly when that flow is impeded. If the right right the If flowimpeded. is that when just as costly can be important and flow just is as

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 is focused on providing a playbook and roadmap o roadmap and playbook focused providing a on is

data between supply chain partners. Efforts have been made to navigate through this throughthis madenavigate to been partners. chain have supply between data Efforts th

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nteroperability between systems between nteroperability I of USA project Information Auburn University Auburn, AL, AL, Auburn, USA . here has been a sustained effort in industry to become modelbecome centric to industry in effort has been a sustained here Proc. of the 9 Kevin FischerKevin With knowledge of the benefits available with available benefits the knowledge of With This T oduction Rockwell Collins Cedar Rapids, IA, Gregory A. Harris, Ph.D., Ph.D., Harris, A. Gregory his paper describes a project that will deliver a set of playbooks designed to accelerate the depth and breadth breadth and depth the accelerate to designed playbooks of set a deliver will that project a describes paper his processes that have been proven to address many of to been proven many processes address that i have enable a digital supply chain for OEMs and SMMs. for and SMMs. chain OEMs supply a digital enable provided anecdotal evidence of the benefits of MBE and connecting nodes within the digital thread [2]. Some Some [2]. thread digital the within nodes connecting and MBE of benefits the of evidence anecdotal provided i improvement of evidence been there has which areas in create models, downstream [1]. requirements and expectations meet customer that parts and production of community. MBE the providers in service software realized and by been completely approach has generated islands of excellence amid a sea of unclaimed opportunity. But there are significant significant there are But opportunity. unclaimed of sea a amid excellence of generated islands has approach achieving issueswith exchange intervention in the supply chain to chain interventionto the in adapt a supply ing develop interoperabilityby may affect how data created, is how affect may and increased costs. Information flow in the supply chain is an additional level of complexity placed upon the the upon placed of complexity level an additional is chain the supply flow in Information costs. and increased product realization system. been slow. has adoption MBE of friction However, and cost. costs and improvement process continuous of application the by made been have great strides manufacturersand innovation. information is not in the right place at the right time in the right format to allow for the best decision to be made, made, be to decision best for the allow to format right the in time right the at place right the in not informationis the increasethefriction of cost t product due toin will Manufacturers (SMMs) totheManufacturers guide of(SMMs) - implementation digitally secure technologies. In the 1920s Henry Ford stated that the longer a product is in the act of manufacture, and the more we move it it move we more the manufacture,and of act the in is product a longer the that stated Ford Henry 1920s the In through product flow of the that hinders Anything today. still true That is ultimate cost. its is greater around, the can be manufacturinga system of adoption for digital supply chain practices and technologies. The resulting benefits of reduced cost and time time and cost reduced benefitsresulting of technologies.The practices chain and for supply digital of adoption globalThe team market. compete the base in to industrial U.S. greater betteralong the innovation position with research funded government and commercial previous in utilize existingand technologiestools developed will forOriginal Equipment playbooks of set roadmapand a tocreate Intr ABSTRACT T This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 will will

project project

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case basis and a path forward forward path and a case basis will be used to: be developed - team partners provide insight teamprovide and partners enterprise

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y leveraging y existing th work is through the elimination of time required required time elimination of throughthe The digitalization of the supply chain will chain supply theof digitalization The modelbased Industry - . reenfield projects is based upon the idea that that the idea upon based reenfield is projects g emonstrations emonstrations The team will develop a pervasive and generic and a pervasive develop will The team development 21 funded Minimum Information Model study [5, study Informationfunded Model Minimum - update/ongoing- is (everyone in supply recreates chain in based (everyone is version their own are going are to shown be - time feedback feedback time loops - based form (typically not all data will be available and if more than more than and if be available not dataform all will (typically based value proposition with proposition with value - - certification - faceted issue and must be addressed in a manner that not only makes makes only thatnot mannera in mustaddressed be and facetedissue economic analysis estimates the total annual impact of enabling a digital digital a enabling impact of annual total estimates the analysis economic into the development, use and exchange of models and production models and of exchange and use development, the into proven technology solutions,multiplying technology proven the enhancing and benefits already ]. Automation in supply chain processes removes friction processes chain supply from in removes information Automation the ]. One 3 for efficient real forefficient The following is a short description of the products the following description of a short is The he project team will define the process for industry to tailor to digital these for define industry the will process project team he . T asme/standards/standards - and maturing ,and

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 near $60 billion [ near $60 billion

drawings and 3D geometry is today, but the MBD will contain all required information embedded embedded requiredcontain all information will thebut MBD today, is geometry 3D and drawings for both new parts and legacy parts will be addressed.will parts parts and legacy for new both th

- long and near define process types, relevant information/data/model/approval to develop a framework for understanding this dynamic between MBE and legacy systems to provide a tolegacy and systems provide MBE thisbetween dynamic frameworkforunderstanding a todevelop : ap and Playbooks

roject Plan e building upon, https://www.asme.org/about P Proc. of the 9

ization of a new system. Thus, MBE and digital supply chain capability should be pursued from the outset outset the from pursued be should capability chain supply and digital MBE Thus, system. new a of ization Legacy parts or are systems a multi - 1 Greenfield parts and systems that start with a digitally capable supply chain and a chain supply capable a digitally that systems with start Greenfield and parts b ould inform industry standards such as ASME’s forming MBE Standard Committee Standard forming MBE ASME’s as standards informould such industry educing the manual intervention s chain upply nlist all enefit the industry partners by improving communications and minimizing scrap and rework. and scrap minimizing and communications improving by partners industry enefit the or their unique processes. Due to the digital nature of the project, the team will define will oftheirthe sample cases the team toor “misuse” nature digital Due processes. the in unique project, opportunities for process improvement through MBE and a digitally enabled supply chain chain enabled digitally opportunitiesa and forsupply improvement throughMBE process and workflow. model updates of at chain supply provided in previous works mentioned earlier in this proposal, process and value stream mapping exercises, exercises, mapping stream value and thisproposal,process in earlier mentioned works previous in provided be used. will models, etc. models, system groups, focus activity system; thus reducing the overall lead time and reducing cost. The issues of Intellectual Property and contractual contractual Intellectual and Property of The issues cost. reducing and time lead overall the reducing thus system; sectors industry specific requirements regulatory of details, cybersecurity and development and execution, . . be addressed also The approach chain. supply the within resources of use efficient most forthe allows also financial but sense, - case on a canbe applied that tradeoffs take looks at team will this project will foundation. solid on a building effect of from multiplicative the benefitsthat only come identified, achieving and R forrework.potentialto leading errors forD and the input human throughout collaboration and improve communications significantly to together woven be can solutions and other chain supply manufacturing a b information, positive impacts upon performance impacts information,performance upon positive access to supply chain partners and opportunities to demonstrate project generated solutions for the for the generated solutions project demonstrate to opportunities and partners chain supply to access B and SMMs. at OEMs both Thread/TDP/MBE implementation Digital of S The The Define and establish the business objectives and drivers for OEMs and SMMs and OEMs for driversand objectives business the establish Define and E system goals, establish gaps and requirements, and identify tools and standards. standards. and tools and identify requirements, gaps and goals, system establish g a MBE. implementing a MBE. affordably to approach comprehensive tosystematic a and define sh - model in recreated is data All upon need), 2) of combination toa Use be modeled), have 3) and eachwill componentrequired, one configuration is the of technology data recreation and manual to a thatbuild reusable set data becomes selected to satisfy the requirements of the system or organizations involved. The tradeoff approach will look at will approach tradeoff The selectedinvolved. therequirementsor toof system the organizations satisfy three action; 1) courses as of potential data Use far thetake to modeling made the on how can decision be this best in reviewing each system way legacy part or project goalthis of A partners. chain supply customerthe the and needs of the upon systemor based of part a teamis of these systems; where the information for the system is easily accessible and visible to the OEM and supply to and supply OEM the accessible and visible easily is system forthe the information of where systems; these the be communicated supplier to will MBD The intervention. of minimization manualreuse and to chain in aid similarto how throughout the product life cycle. Thethroughout the cost product life cycle. development and the friction into and inefficiency introduce to profitable be considered it would why questions real guide for organizations to use in making the legacy system determination. legacy the making use in to fororganizations guide Roadm f gatherthe required To compromised. and integrity commonly availability are informationwhich confidentiality, NIST upon the build team will stakeholder the needs, in the MBD itself and not in separate files that can be lost, misplaced or corrupted. With files informationor the itselfcan be lost, separate corrupted.misplaced the in in that not MBD and digital findembedded the be thread to maps in for MBD, the can used opportunities reuse processes data and data the torequired use This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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capabilities Engineering The industry Theindustry ,

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on. thread- Use Use to cases for be developed t - . . digital 5 years 5 ue gaps arising technology from in and difficulties val - 22 ]. 4 based technology solutions and standards such as STEP STEP such as and standards solutions technology based 1) of the digitally enabled supply chain to provide a visual visual a provide to chain supply enabled thedigitally 1) of Demonstration, Prototype, LRIP and Production, tooling, tooling, Production, and LRIP Prototype, Demonstration, – he team will develop and prioritize digital thread maps based based maps thread digital prioritize and develop teamwill he - - T

. . [8] portunities for technology insertion. A phased approach will be suggested suggested be will phased approach A portunitiesfortechnology insertion. anufacturing term benefits, while also helping laying down stepping stones to achieve the achieve to stepping stones down laying helping also while benefits, term of gaps in technology and capabilities that must be developed to attain the future future the attain to mustdeveloped be that capabilities and technology gapsin of

. Procurement (bids, purchase, inspection), and Support operations Support inspection), and Procurement (bids, purchase, , Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th oday, but are not used due to cost, usability, awareness, etc., or not used well. well. used not or awareness, etc., usability, cost, to due used not are but oday, he playbook will highlight and motivatingfactorshe playbookforcase will the adopting digitally and the business MBE Proc. of the 9 The team will review the current state of model review the- state current of team The will Next the team will identify the desired state for digital supply chain capability and MBE for industry in general. identify for general. in capability chain and the the industry for supply desired digital Next teamMBE will state T The difference between the current state and the desired vision for the digitally capable supply chain provides chain supply capable for digitally the vision desired the and state current the between The difference format and structure for the roadmap and playbook for both OEMs and SMMs for OEMs format both roadmap and playbook for thestructureand roadmap and playbook include M include playbook roadmap and highlight where data/documentation can be presented in workflows, visible to both parties, and stored. parties, both to visible workflows, in be presented highlight can data/documentation where manufacturing programs (CAM and CAI, etc.), planning, work instructions, inspection, etc. instructions, planning, work etc.), and CAI, (CAM manufacturing programs This will include global access, export considerations, and acceptable protection for data and information. The The information. and fordata protection acceptable considerations, export and global include access, Thiswill 1 (OV Operational culminate View an in will effort conducive to implementation. The roadmaps will include the current state of digital supply chain chain supply digital of the include state current roadmapsThewill to implementation. conducive of the digitalization in pioneers been have that Companies available. currently tools and including standards the become the to initiative just starting companies with along Covisint and Exostar such as operations chain supply implementation.and be capable digitally studiedwill technology state current to of the identify chain. this In part supply enabled ofrealization a digitally the preventing coststhat are security and complexity, product data. product new for provide suggested legacy and will handling data solutions team of the project, the commerciallyavailable examine technologiesteamThe will that largecover percentage products(multiple of accurate produce production data of tested sample representative (when with work well chain) and today supply results) t members on the project team will provide access to some of their supply chain partners to provide insight into insight into provide to partners chain supply their access of some provide to team will the project members on participating manufacturers with conduct efforts teamThe validation will brief capability. digital current and state the communities to standards connections several The team has today. tools used and to processes confirm of greater validati level an even achieve to bodies those to reach out and will 3- in be available thatwill tools technologies to and forwardlook (analysis, design, test) so that deliverables can offer near- offer can deliverables sothat broad transformation secure of practice current into a comprehensive enabled supply chain mode of operations. The playbook will provide a sequence of steps based on product product on based steps sequence of a provide playbookwill The operations. of mode chain supply enabled strategy time line which will allow op In addition, the playbooks will provide guides and assists to flow down the digital capabilities to their supply theirthe to capabilities digital supply guides flowdown provide assiststoand Inwill the addition, playbooks OEMs/Customers. tiers upperto and flow data to up capability the chains and detail AP242, STEP AP203, STEP AP214, JT, and QIF that may affect how data is created, transferred and consumed consumed transferred and created, data is how affect may that QIF and AP214, JT, AP203, STEP AP242, STEP maps thread digital the in appear they technologies these as show and chain supply the entities by within MoSSEC). (e.g. to standards data standards addition in workflow consider also teamwill The playbook will address workforce education and learning curve expectations across the enterprise. The The enterprise. the across expectations and learning curve address education workforce The playbook will to bringthe both and purchasing and how contracting must address roadmaps processes and playbooks insight provide theteam The into will environment. chain supply capable the unitsorganizational digitally into the characteristicsfunction of of a be should strategies chain Supply process. organization chain supply gone and the strategy chain fits are all”supply “one size a The of days be unique.may products,thus each each to organization supply capable will allow chain assembledigitally capabilities of set a unique expertise and to compete thein global marketplace Roadmap and Playbook specifics. Roadmap and Playbook on availability of on availability capability A A Define the roadmap and playbook format structure. structure. format playbook and roadmap theDefine purchasing process and the associated digital data flow architecture (applicable for legacy and NPI drawing forNPI drawing (applicable legacyflow and architecture data digital associated the and purchasing process a prototype system, based products),and systembaseddevelop MBD to provide validation advanced learned. lessons aggregate and demonstration, instrument for communicating the vision of the future of supply chain operations. The OV operations. chain futurethe supply of of instrumentthe for communicating vision maintainer attained,therequirements roles, and to the the performance system, and be constraints on the user [ systems other with the interface should system how the for input the identification state. In this section, the team will include any impediments uncovered from previous work or in the validation validation the in or work previous from uncovered impediments any include will team the section, this In state. identify high the will team the Additionally, research. This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 . 1009 remely remely - bility for Design bility for (NIST Economic recurringcost savings effectively shift industry effectively - ab/NIST.EAB.4.pdf Based Interopera - benefits by quickly turning benefits into by data manufacturing Theshop. Manufacturing - http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.GCR.15 quantify

The development of future project calls is a futureThea development of project is calls

the capabilities developed will be made available the be made capabilities available will developed 1009,

- helping 23 OI). OI). machine tools (e.g., CNC milling, CNC turning) and inspection equipment (e.g., equipment and inspection turning) milling,CNC CNC (e.g., tools machine at the NIST MBE Summit. Industry members plan to use the deliverable to initiate initiate deliverable to the use to plan members Industry Summit. MBE NIST the at

partner. chain added supply work directly with SMMs to implement these capabilities and enhance the SMM’s abilityto to enhanceand capabilitiesthe implement these with SMMs SMM’s directly work investment (Rinvestment

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 on- - th

The Economic Impact of Technology InfrastructureSmart Manufacturing for n, G. (2016). Impact of Technology Economic The

BasedManufacturing and Inspection. of Journal Computing Science in and Information Engineering, Volume - matter. ERENCES: Proc. of the 9 Fischer, K., P. Rosche, and A. Trainer (2016). Investigating the Impactof Standards (2016). Investigating and A. Trainer Rosche, K.,P. Fischer, to Manufacturingto and Quality in the Supply Chain. GCR15 NIST The team has put together a Transition Plan for the playbooks and roadmaps. The industry and academic The and academic industry for playbooks and roadmaps. the Plan Transition a together teamThe has put Easy and secure exchange of data throughout the supply chain increases the opportunity for lower tierfor lower the opportunity increases chain the supply throughout data of exchange secure and Easy overcoming is challenge ofthe general and the chain to ofthethe digitalization implementation MBE supply A Another foundational technology project the team will build from is the work at the NIST Manufacturing Lab. Lab. Manufacturing NIST the at work the from build is will team the project technology foundational Another Systems Engineering Fundamentals, Chapter 4, Requirements Analysis, Page 38. Defense Acquisition University Press, University Acquisition Defense 38. Page Analysis, 4, Requirements Chapter Fundamentals, Engineering Systems June 2001. VA, Ft. Belvior, Hedberg, Jr., T., J. Lubell, L. Fischer, L. Maggiano, and A. Bernard Feeny (2016). Testing the Digital Thread in support of support in Thread Digital the (2016). Testing Feeny Bernard A. and Maggiano, L. Fischer, L. Lubell, J. T., Jr., Hedberg, Model Anderso Analysis Briefs 4). Retrieved from Gaithersburg MD: http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/e Gaithersburg from Retrieved 4). Briefs Analysis Many initiatives have focused on improving the content of TDPs, including native or neutral models with with models neutral or native TDPs,including content of focused improving initiatives the have on Many 16, June 2016. June 16, ansition at each entity utilized ITI software prior to the CSI program, was a staggering $9M in non- in staggering $9M a program, was CSI the to prior ITI software utilized each entity at REF on the Digital Manufacturing Commons and published to industry through websites such as NIST, DoD ManTech, ManTech, DoD through to websites NIST, published industry on the such Manufacturing as Digital Commons and Manufacturing. in be published addition, reports In industry will Vehicle Advanced for Alliance and the Southern and be developed materials will education and Training publication. Series Manufacturing Advanced the NIST the take to be able will Partnership Manufacturing Extension NIST The to institutions. academic available made trainingmaterials to - value participate as a 1. team members plan to sponsor workshops for OEMs and SMMs at locations around the US. Project outcomes atlocationsthe and SMMs around US. outcomes Project for OEMs toteam members workshops sponsor plan and digital the be presentedConferencetoDefense MBE Defense the the Manufacturerswill Industry at and to community chain supply digitalization capability creation with their supply chain partners. ITI will hold several webinars to industry, digitalization capability creation partners. their chain to several ITI hold with supply industry, webinars will All government venue. academiathrough this participants and significant from deliverable this project. Tr suppliers to participate in design collaboration and manufacturability. Collaboration tools and capabilities are capabilities and tools Collaboration manufacturability. and collaboration design in suppliers participate to is challenge significant Another them. utilize and to acquire, install how in help need thesuppliers needed, but for foundation the theexisting in the to integrationthe playbook. tools be used of as and capabilities Each of complete a into these integration of The thread. in digital the activity focus on an capabilities and tools these a not is organization enabled digitally transition a to a enable to playbook, a with roadmap, a in strategy defined trivial manufacturingthe as related in compellingbusiness industry knowledge case lackthea lack technology of of and environment the where the SMM mostThis true in is capabilities chain and modelto usage. supply digital simply Because don’t exist. and digital capability MBE such as initiative an implement to resources necessary for strategy a capabilities,obtaining and determine these needs their evaluate to resources lackthe SMMs these create to steps the take to SMMS motivate and encourage to be needed will assistance education and be an ext this of project education will The training deliverables and theircapabilities in organizations. importantfor this success component challenge. overcoming in The NIST Manufacturing Lab replicates the configuration of a contract a theof configuration replicatesLab Manufacturing NIST The information thus reducing lead time. Lab contains several fabrication several Lab contains collected is Data minimalcosts. at collection fordata outfitted was equipment The micrometers). digital CMM, standardthe usingfrom MTConnect Manufacturing Lab the product manufacturing information (PMI), visualization formats, and validation practices. The CSI initiative The CSI initiative practices. formats,validation and visualization (PMI), manufacturing information product tools cost to providingTDPs and of preparationthe and delivery focused automating on from 3D models & 2D drawings to a comprehensive 3D TDP for supply chain interactions. The results of the full full the results of The interactions. chain for supply TDP 3D comprehensive a to drawings 2D & models 3D from given likely was which CSI, of development the in involved three companies the by technologies adoption CSI of th and $22M in annual cost savings. Given that this program was a $1.5M government investment, this is at least least at is this investment, government $1.5M a programwas this that Given savings. cost annual in $22M and returnto 1 a 50 4. 2. 3. This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 -Based (5), 2979. - romoting Model romoting Towards Identifying the Towards ). Paper presented at the International the at presented Paper

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Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th 051008. doi:10.1115/1.4034625 051008. Proc. of the 9 Definition to Establish a Complete Product Definition. Definition. Product a Complete Establish to Definition Ruemler, S. P., Zimmerman, K. E., Hartman, N. W., Hedberg, J. T., & Barnard Feeny, A. P (2016). Feeny, & Barnard T., J. Hedberg, W., K. N. Zimmerman, E., Hartman, P., S. Ruemler, Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Los Angeles, California doi:10.1115/MSEC2017 California Los Angeles, Conference, Engineering and Science Manufacturing An exploration of Fisher's framework for the Fisher's of An exploration alignment of (2010). framework for P.A. Farrington, P.J., G.A.,Harris, Componation, supply withproduct chain strategy characteristics Miller, A. M., Hartman, N. W., Hedberg Jr, T., Barnard Feeney, A., & Zahner, J. (2017 J. A., Zahner, & Feeney, Barnard T., Jr, Hedberg W., N. A. Hartman, M., Miller, Arizona Tempe, Towards identifying the A. (2017). Towards &Feeney, Barnard T., Jr, Hedberg A. M., Hartman,W., N. Miller, J., Zahner, elements of minimum the model. information Elements of a Minimum Information Model for Use in a ModelMinimumElementsModel Use in of a Information for - 051008 5. 9. 8. 6. 7. This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 -

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nd th demand applications compared to traditional manufacturing methods and is the key technology the is methods and traditional manufacturing to compared demand applications rapid application of the focus extending research will on Future ARL process. Tac3D enabler the in additive manufacturing to architecturesvehicle more complicated than a quadrotor, such as fixed wing, tail- parts that must be procured and the burden on vehicle assemblers decrease. both vehicle the on burden and procured must be parts that new processes may allow a larger percentage of the total vehicle parts to be manufactured on- be manufactured to partstotal the vehicle a larger of percentage allow processesmay new be sUAS 3D the part- will of demand. every Ideally, motors. fuselage, even and heavier, not as stiff, and have rougher surface finishes than alternative materials such as as materials finishes such alternative rougherthan have surface and stiff, heavier, not as composites. The goal Tac3Dof commonly used in 3D in commonly used 3D Improved manufacturing. improvements additive in and information required to 3D required and information References and do not have to be recovered in potentially dangerous recovery operations. For these reasons reasons these dangerous operations. recovery potentially For in recovered be to have and do not theTac3D design SUAS,” of automation June 13- Additive Manufacturing of Use rapidly fieldto manufacturing the in using interest shown additive in have and the Army The USMC manufacture mission- 3D- missions. A of variety a large designed perform vehicles to can vehicles Inexpensive discarded. and manufactured,flown, 72 Framework for Integrated Analysis, Design, and Rapid PrototypRapid in Design, and Analysis, for Integrated Framework 16 the to Based Approach Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 Mukul Sati Atlanta, GA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA Thomas Kurfess Jarek Rossignac George W. Woodruff Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology School of Interactive Computing School of Interactive Computing School of Mechanical Engineering 29 from CAM 1 Roby Lynn Tommy Tucker Atlanta, GA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA Charlotte, NC, USA George W. Woodruff George W. Woodruff Christopher Saldana Tucker Innovations, Inc. Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 School of Mechanical Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering th Computer-aided manufacturing, computer numerical control, cyber-physical systems, Digital Twin, G-code, Proc. of the 9 The creation of G-Code from a CAM system necessitates translation of geometric entities into the text-based format that Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] 1 Realization of the 5-Axis Machine Tool Digital Twin Using Direct Servo Control The current state of datawhich communication is for a CNC machine text-based programming toolsthe language relies controller on used of a to a more convey CNC movement thanprocess primitives machine. 50 monitoring between year G-Code of a old allows the format toolpath unidirectional known planningand machine data as Embedding system must transfer for G-Code, and between be Process the Control accomplished Unified CAM usingstandards Architecture system separate (OPC is and UA) protocols, required the [1]. such CNC, for Familiarity as but withprocess. technicians numerous in- MTConnect and control or and manufacturing Object communication engineers Linking to be proficient atconsists implementation of of lines, a arcs,parameters. CNC splines, machining It and is otherthe the motion G-Code responsibility primitives, commands, of and eachtask the machine of [2], CNC tool which [3]. vendors system is often As toCAM completely use a realize system defined proprietary result, motion may by some trajectory of be endpointstoolpath, amount planning the capable this of and algorithms cutting of information information other to tool is cannot computing accomplishmachine lost be from desired this tool in conveyed information velocity, to motion translation contained acceleration, the from is in jerk, machine the hampered tool and CAM by using system higher a G-Code to positional vendor’s [4], the derivatives implementation CNC: [5]. along of although Additionally, a a the monitoring chosen of communication actual protocol (e.g., MTConnect), 1 INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS: time optimal trajectory planning, servo control This paper describes an architecturedirectly for from control a and computer-aided monitoringformat manufacturing of (CAM) that a system is 5-axis without currently computerdone reliance numerical standard with on control in G-Code, the (CNC) this industrial text-based machine architecture practice.machine G-Code tool utilizes to a toolpath Instead high-speed transfer definition of bidirectional dense defining data timethe pathway a samples machine between toolpath of the tool’s axis CAM as motion system positiontrajectory a control and information planning system set the algorithm between in of CNC instead the near-realtime. geometric of CAMThe a primitives Time system developed proprietary as samples and architecture trajectory is of the planning is axis servopowerful strategy machine position controllers that visualization agnostic, is of are and common and created analysis in can usingknown tasks. industrial a as be CNC An time-optimal Machinekit systems. used is implementation bothbe presented, of for capable and the enhanced of a system visualizing control Digital using the of Twin as-executed an of machine toolpath open-source the during tool machine machine machine motion tool operation. tool and controller is constructed in the CAM system and shown to ABSTRACT This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 30 Figure 1: Position Samples and Resulting Time Parameterization Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Proc. of the 9 Typical motion planning algorithms work by blending G-code primitives. It would be possible to use Machinekit’s motion blending algorithm by interpreting twoend consecutive points. joint samples Given as theand defining optimizes dense the a position directed spline edge sampling that that provided has interpolates by the axis SculptPrint, two position the samples samples as direct using control techniques architecture presented instead in directly [13]. fits After the joint samples 2.3 Time Parameterization of Toolpaths An interactive design sessionsolid in geometry SculptPrint (CSG) allows operationsrepresent the [12]. sample user orientations The to ofcorresponding output the describe sample of cutting toolpaths positions the tool. that askinematic session the the model. Additionally, is joint result SculptPrint motors a also of should sequence provides, voxelized track. of constructive for This very each is finely sample done spaced orientation, with affine the the frames aid that of a machine specific inverse 2.2 Machinekit: An Open-Source Machine Tool Controller The overwhelming prevalence ofbased open-source proprietary alternative machine CNCcontrolling tool both known control simple as and platforms Machinekit, complexis multi-axis has a committed machine to tools fully-featured motivated creating [10]. software the a Machinekitcomputer machine usable enjoys development and a controller known fully-featured of thriving machine that as development a control community is theLinux environment that Linux- [11]. capable framework Beaglebone This to of Black research provide relies (BBB),this reliable on work which and an is embedded deterministic runs the control Machinekit PocketNC, which of in is a a conjunction physical 5-axis machine with desktop-sized tool. the machine that The Xenomai is actual realtime targeted machine at (RT) tool the used maker for community. 2.1 SculptPrint: Voxel-Based Computer-Aided Manufacturing This research uses apability CAM of software modern package graphics knownmachine processing as tools units SculptPrint, [8]. (GPUs) which Part to leverages geometrydimensional perform the in image automated SculptPrint high-performance pixels. is toolpath computing The represented use generation ca- intricate using of and and voxels, voxel organic analysis which models shapes are for enables that the multi-axis creation would three-dimensional of be analog high-density difficult to toolpaths to two- that create can with be traditional used CAM to [9]. machine 2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE which may bedescribes insufficient the for development engineers andcontrol and and implementation monitoring supervisory of of a staff athe machining SculptPrint tightly-coupled to process voxel-based from CAM-CNC CAM evaluate within system a architecture anby in CAM the that conjunction as-executed system. open-source with enables The toolpath Machinekit the implementation more platform. [6], PocketNC, presented which complete in is [7]. this a paper desktop-sized uses machine This tool paper powered This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 , Servo T , the update Servo Servo Loop Loop Loop Loop Loop T T Axis Servo AxisServo AxisServo AxisServo AxisServo AxisServo . The CAM system must maintain RT Machine ControlRT Machine System System (Machinekit) Servo T Buffer Buffer Setpoint Feedback I/O System I/O 31 I/O Position Position Setpoints Commands & Machine Status &Machine Actual Servo Actual Position FKT IKT & Time IKT & Time Parameterization Figure 2: Direct Control System for a 5-Axis Machine Tool RT CAM System System RT CAM (SculptPrint) - Cutting Cutting Non Planning Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Simulation Simulation & MRR AnalysisMRR Voxelized Path Path Voxelized th and supplies one position sample per axis to the feedback buffer every Servo T Proc. of the 9 Communication of RT data between the RT machine controller and the non-RT CAM system is accomplished using User which are passed backthe to Forward the Kinematic CAM Transformation systemcontrol (FKT) and and for monitoring converted the environment to that machinenear-realtime. poses can tool. that be used are This to visualized architecture execute in and thus monitor the consists toolpaths part for ofsetpoint coordinate any a and machine frame tool machine-agnostic feedback using configuration buffers in of whose fill the level RT can andevery float non-RT to subsystems. absorb non-deterministic The latencies CNC introduced by system the consumes connection one position setpoint per axis from the setpoint buffer analysis, and the resulting toolpathsposes consist of are pose samples then in convertedof the part to the coordinate machine. axis frame which positions Thepresented the in using resulting tool Section should axis 2.3 the track. to position Inverse create These commands axis Kinematic position are setpoints Transformation that transformed (IKT) can to be derived written time-based from to position each the axis samples servo geometry using controller at the method rate of the servo system. Upon execution of each setpoint, the servo loops record the actual axis positions, also at the proper fill level ofcessation of the movement) setpoint and buffer must also todoes consume not ensure position overflow. that samples In it from this thenetwork is research, feedback interface not communication buffer of quickly exhausted was the enough during performed CAM so using machine that workstation. an operation the Ethernet buffer (which connection would between cause the a BBB and the 2.4 Direct Servo Control Scheme Communication of command and feedbackaccording information to between Figure the CAM 2. systemplanner The and and non-RT the the CAM RT operator system CNC interface for system resides the is on machine accomplished a tool. standalone The workstation user PC, interacts and with SculptPrint serves to as perform both process the planning toolpath and are broken into retraction-free sequences,joint the samples approach with described an by a-prioritime Pham prescription paramaterization is of of applied individual the as joint splinespecified follows: velocities is velocity a at optimized and cubic the while spline acceleration beginning being is boundsposition and constrained fit of of end to to the each of obey the joint motors each boththe at for sequence; path optimized each then, the geometry spline, the joint. servo and the update the The blueactual manufacturer- rate. resulting points servo An motion are samples example the can in path position becutting the constraints parameterization sampled tool part obtained is to along from reference shown obtain the the frame. in the adheres CAM path. Figure Larger to system, 1. spacing The the and user’s between very The the design adjacent yellow dense red intent. tube points points sampling is indicates are ensures the faster that traversal the of joint the motions affect a motion of the cutting tool that This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 : DOI Inter- http:// : 14333015. ISSN Interactive Representation in CAM (b) 32 Figure 3: Machine Tool Digital Twin CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and, Technology 2017. [Online]. Available: 5-Axis Desktop-Sized CNC Machine (a) Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th 10.1007/s00170-014-6134-7. . ws680.nist.gov/publication/get%7B%5C_%7Dpdf.cfm?pub%7B%5C_%7Did=922753 national Journal of Advanced Manufacturing, Technology vol. 75, no. 1-4, pp. 535–546, 2014, for the digital thread,” Proc. of the 9 [2] X. Beudaert, S. Lavernhe, and C. 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Kurfess, “Intelligent and Accessible Data Flow Architectures[7] for Manufac- R. Lynn, W. Louhichi, M. Parto, E. Wescoat, and T. Kurfess, “Rapidly Deployable MTConnect-Based Machine Tool [9] R. Lynn, M. Dinar, N. Huang, J. Yu, J. Collins, C. Greer, T. Tucker, and T. Kurfess, “Direct Digital Subtractive Manufac- [8] Tucker Innovations Inc, [3] K. Erkorkmaz and Y. Altintas, “High speed CNC system design. Part I: Jerk limited trajectory generation and quintic [4] Y.-F. Tsai, R. T. Farouki, and B. Feldman, “Performance analysis of CNC interpolators for time-dependent feedrates [13] Q.-C. Pham, “A general, fast, and robust implementation of the time-optimal path parameterization algorithm,” [12] M. M. Hossain, T. M. Tucker, T. R. Kurfess, and R. W. Vuduc, “Hybrid dynamic trees for extreme-resolution 3d sparse [10] J. Albus and R. Lumia, “The Enhanced Machine Controller (EMC): An Open Architecture Controller[11] for Machine Tools,” This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

based based - data

USA designed and designed

AMRDEC U.S. Army, Army, U.S. CAD models Anthony Still Anthony he development he development Huntsville, AL, that descriptive that descriptive t

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manufacturing by users throughout the and lifecycle throughout users by Develop a comprehensive listing of the the listing of comprehensive a Develop

e structure, behavior, operation, or other or operation, e structure, behavior, With manufacturing of maturation the With of knowledge the benefits available . Model

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on 2 Dimensional (2D) drawings in hardcopy or digital format to convey convey format to or digital hardcopy drawings (2D) on 2 Dimensional in

Daniel l and associated product associated modeD and l Issues have recognized the need to integrate to physics the need recognized have the central artifactthethroughout lifecycle. actions product all drive to used 3) D Abernathy world system world Based Enterprise (MBE) environment employs models rather than hardcopy hardcopy than rather models environment employs (MBE) Based Enterprise - - Auburn, AL,Auburn, USA Auburn University based enterprise. This paper is concerned with the first purpose, the first withthe purpose, concerned is paper enterprise. This based -

. Several companies have provided anecdotal evidence of the benefits of MBE and MBE benefits of the of evidence anecdotal provided companies have . Several A Model A

e purpose of this research is three fold. 1) fold. three is research this of The purpose

[2]

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018

and drawings as the authoritative source for all engineering activities. In a MBE MBE Infor a engineering activities. source all the authoritative as drawings and th , Ph.D., , Ph.D., P. E . Although industry has worked to become model centric there is still significant manualstill significant centric there is model to become worked Although industry has Models Models arerepresentations, to the customer is decreasing. Early consideration of manufacturability, during manufacturability, consideration of decreasing. Early customer is the to t and function. Models can be computational or descriptive with computational models capable of capable computationalmodels with or computational descriptive function. can be Models and t based based enterprise. - exity. Organizations exity. the Antebellum Era through Mass Production and into current day, most engineering and most engineering day, current and into Production throughMass Era Antebellum the Gregory A. A. Gregory

Introduction Harris

Auburn, AL,Auburn, USA Auburn University Proc. of the 9 intervention to adapt to a 3- a to intervention adapt to models are integrated with computational models. Computer Aided Design (CAD) models are a good models a are (CAD) Design Aided Computer models. with computational modelsintegrated are annotated now for but viewing meant human models were CAD that early illustration in applications engineering software by understood can be directly environment thread the points digital major within theconnecting enterprise for the creation, use, and sustainment of products and sys of and products sustainment creation,the enterprise and use, for supply chain without having to recreate previously recreate to without chain having supply imperativeenvironment is it MBE the In human consumption. for human interpretable - a machine have computer and interpretation most critical issues facing organizations as they engage in digital manufacturing and the modelthe and manufacturing digital in engage as they organizations facing most issuescritical stakeholders engage in the to the of desires and issues identified the upon and requirements based model real characteristics a of its of terms product in the definition express the of task, and/or process or a specify behavior, world form, fi

models that enable the simultaneous consideration of the physical configuration, computational physical configuration, computational the consideration of simultaneous the that enable models that are and processes products promote to behaviors system predictable elements, and built correctly. now to possible it is engineering software, and capable format standards using models. documents modified and consumed created, is this data With approach environment the model is capabilities in modelcapabilities in of the science and technology and the design and acquisition phases, is essential to dealing with this with essential dealing to acquisition is phases, and design and the technology and theof science compl ABSTRACT omplexity is constantly increasing while the lead time to develop and move products from from products and move develop to time the lead while increasing constantly complexity is System design 1. engineering to and data drive manufacturing processes. comprehensive issues. list of From manufacturing activities rely

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

MBE for an MBE for reuse. for

the documents the documents hoc hashoc approach

categories, shown in in categories, shown from from

data structure data the team compared the list the team compared the

into five

unorganized data in PLM in data unorganized hoc basis. The ad- basis. hoc

distributed

digital that maintains data he inefficiencies created by the inability by created inefficiencies he T credibility. credibility.

35 for review. After this initial review of the categorized this review After initial for review.

Issue Categories

- -

Table 1

The list of issues naturally issues of list The supplier increases difficulty and time and difficulty increases supplier

. quality is poor is quality

with

customer TDP (Never get an EBOM and manually create MBOMs) create manually and EBOM an get (Never TDP customer [4]

lacks standard approach to receive receive to approach standard lacks

The first approach to finding a list of common issues was to review a library of a library past to review was issues finding common lista of first to The approach

provided additional materials to add to the issue review and the reference list. In an In referencethe list. and review theto issue add to provided materials additional

overruns

allowed insight additional into issue Relies on databases (replaceRelies old tooling database custom with PLM/DM) communicationsPoor with procurement TDP and CAD files are often too large to transmit which leads to to leads which transmit to large too often are files and CAD TDP standard an open support to slow are developers Software manually made are changes and notices, change design delay TDPs transmit to Inability finished batches to material product difficult is Tracking Customer model library) build to implementation software PLM/DM or EPDM army (use see, to hard is history Waiver Data Reuse, Communication, and Archiving and Communication, Reuse, Data TDP PLMs in different not are interoperable Interoperability Interoperability manual is process and process, change engineering Disconnected issues management Data with sizing file and archiving issues type B CAD to STEP to A type CAD Hard full to get formats) other accept (should IGES uses programing CMM Interoperability of transitioningHigh 3D cost from 2D to models (man hours and $) Manual of interoperability issues (increasing intervention which time increases errors and cost) Organization to tools on custom Relies applicable. broadly not usually are management data to solutions Point NC programming facilitate MBE. MBE. isition and sustainment.

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

which which

Component issues were aggregated into the five topical categories in an initial list and sent to sent and list five an initial in topical categories the aggregated into were issues Component

some SMEs

historical literature review was performed to provide a baseline of issues encountered in encountered of in a baseline issues provide performed to review was historical literature gh MBE, industry has attempted to embrace MBE on an ad- on MBE embrace to attempted industry has gh MBE, B10 B11 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B B1 B2 B3 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A A1 A2 Once the categorized list of issues was developed additional sources of issues were evaluated to to evaluated were issues sources additional of developed issues list was of categorized the Once A A Issues

Proc. of the 9 either corroborate or modify the initial list. The main categories of issues found in the research, (1) found research, the in issues categories of main The list. initial modify the eitheror corroborate Manufacturing Advanced (3)Archiving, and Reuse, Communication, (2) Data Interoperability, time of production costs and overall the Infrastructure, affect (5) all and Analysis, (4) Vulnerabilities, acqu systems of topics and the component issues with the Advanced Manufacturing Enterprise (AME) Subpanel Subpanel (AME) Manufacturing Advanced Enterprise the with issues component the topicsof and taxonomy effort to effort thederive true from issues those actually that may be on fringethe , Table Table issues a known group of subject matter experts (SMEs) matter experts groupknown subject of a articles, presentations, white papers, and reports to collect issues or pain points pain collect or to reports issues articles, papers, and presentations, white that were hindering the adoption and integration of digital capabilities, such as MBE, through the through asMBE, such capabilities, digital of integration and adoption hindering the thatwere systems. lifecycle products of and implementing communicate accurate and timely technical data continues to be one of the most significant sources of significant of most sources the one of tocontinues be technical timely data communicate and accurate and projectwaste The most complicated and difficult components of developing a strategy for engaging in a for in engaging strategy a developing of components difficult complicated and The most 2. generated islands of excellence amid a sea of unclaimed opportunity. unclaimed sea of amid a excellence generatedof islands needs. and the issues understanding is organization

throu

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

then

software thesoftware make a o

can result in errors and and errors resultcan in

with the lack of the lack with

back to a 3D model due model a 3D to back

in that it adds unnecessary adds unnecessary that it in by manufacturing and by which

d d

occurs when the supplier and the supplier when occurs wings

repeatedly in order to in support repeatedly

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know

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in theto differences due can be translate th e 36

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not security. Made to be easily attached to machine and and machine to attached easily be to Made security. not to

language you

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experience based and no knowledge tools knowledge no and based experience re not designed to the same level of security as Information Technology. Information as security of level same the to designed not re

cost is high to regenerate the a

chain supply the throughout information

e e

. The shar

data the with from interaction human increased lacks capabilitylacks to digitally monitor machine tool piece & work monitoring communicate

unable to provide the descriptions of the full list of issues.) of list full the of the descriptions provide to unable awings process modeling -

reporting all is manual n each step of the lifecycle. Oftenthe lifecycle. of step n each to no analysis for manufacturing simulation or engineering product performance simulation performance product engineering or simulation manufacturing for analysis no to

i an hours for an engineer, analysist, or machinist to remodel partsremodel (A1). to machinist analysist, or for an engineer, an hours s come need to exchange information. This exchangeneed to information. processes used to receive models or it may be that the models obtained from thefrom obtained models that the be may it or models receive to used processes while trying to while to products making the U.S. less competitive. themaking U.S. products to Need better verification of master model planning assembly graphic for Need Infrastructure and support management tool IT of Lack Labor retention is an issue. is retention Labor Analysis andDrawing model verification manual is peer only Little tools visualization good of Lack in of Lack Forensic ManufacturingForensic Machine and Scheduling Facility isEstimating almost totally lack of training Overall planning allWeld is manual, consuming time of and materials wasteful Devices designedconvenience for and Skill of gap capable manufactures is growing asenter fewer the tradesmen skills. inspection isPhysical and costly ineffective production surge and demand variable meet to flexibility of Lack Organization Quality data areas other into visibility of Lack Vulnerabilities Manufacturing Advanced Technologies Operational digitally operated, but not defend itself from a cyber a from itself defend not but operated, digitally

s Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 model is actually available, the lack of interoperability issue the interoperability lack of available, actually model is but it would not be easy and probably not correct. This is the issue the is This not correct. and probably easy not be would it but th a a

D5 D6 E E1 C12 D D1 D2 D3 D4 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 B12 B13 C C1 When Additional costAdditional Interoperability is the idea that once data is created it is able to be used through all other applicable other applicable through all be used to able it is created is data thatInteroperability idea once the is (The is of some following a description of main the issue findings. restrictions length Due to the authors are Proc. of the 9 omissions while recreating the model. These errors are difficult to identify but cause defects in in but defects to cause identify These difficult are errors recreating model. the omissions while (A2). system the or use of of delivery cost time increases and the manufacturing which supplier uses and that of the other organization. It can also be due to a limiting bottleneck from the the from bottleneck a limiting to be due can also It other organization. the of that supplier uses and supplier on the to the m additional organization lead different processes different translated into the 2D dr 2D translated the into processes. This need the eliminates processes. time and cost time and interoperability transaction a speak a product not person the did selling design companies do not do not companies design rable interope The lack of systems is a major issue. Different s

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dels is to y

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process, process, . . reat ies perational technolog perational process, requiring an an requiring process, O to c engineering change and the change and engineering standard files, . The s. each have developers hey are unable to are to unable hey technolog , t an

to receive data, each receive to intensive

because because developers the of the

time This can also be seen with how once how with be seen This also can use of open open of use . . that used by the format than by a thatin used different

open standard drawings, which is usually attempted usually is which drawings,

contained in the neutral format. neutral contained the in

of manufacturing of and (A3). sustainment

often is

37 it the latest . . error being introduced into the system (A6). system the intobeing introduced error . .

(C1)

Another reason that data is not used across the whole life cycle of life cycle the whole across used not is thatreason data Another of Materials having to be manually compiled and introduces a compiled and introduces manually tohaving be Materials of have standards on how they are they on how standards have .

the model is not always not is model the concerns over intellectual property protection, which can result in the the can result in protection, property which intellectual over concerns information is entered in a PLM system PLM a entered in is information from suppliers, there are often stipulations, requirements, bottlenecks,requirements, stipulations,are often from suppliers, there (B8)

with with formatneutral file exchanges )

red machine and provide inputs and outputs to the network. While thisnetwork. does the to outputs inputs and and provide machine TDP acturing Bills all the information the lead organization requires. All these issues increase the the these increase All issues requires. organization the the lead information all

keeping record of and communication means the primary as serving combination has unique file interactions. These interactions can differ on file format,file on These can differ interactions file interactions. hascombination unique have varying degrees of automation and are and are automation of degrees varying have

quality, and communication frequency (B1) frequency and communication quality, s are acqui ty issues due to due issues ty contain and other machines used in manufacturing are becoming more connected as technology technology connected as more becoming manufacturing are used in machines and other that that and

organizations typically often

and Manuf and

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th support additional efficiencies in the engineering and production enterprise that would thatwould enterprise production the engineering and in efficiencies additional support model

model is not on the requested list, it will be recreated from drawings (B13) from be drawings recreated will requested it the list, on not is model CNCs Another limitation encountered in the supply chain is that some of the CAD model assembl CAD the of that is chain some the supply encountered in limitation Another der machines are being brought into the digital age with low cost low age with digital the brought being into are machines der nterpretation occur errors . not built to the same standard of security as information technology. The computer hardware and and hardware computer The technology. as information standard security of same the to built not . With. software between cost theswitching current lack of Ol The When When data from communicated is thesupplier Although I A significant issue in the product lifecycle is the inability to take the model from one software one software from to model the take inability the is product lifecycle the significant in issue A between disconnect the coststo is higher leads Another that issue Proc. of the 9 the into integrated or onto increases. This allows for more data collection and control over the machines. the control over for collectionmore data and allows This increases. are both and processing power to regards less robustmuch with often is mill software a CNC controlling desktop cybersecurity an average than and model quali purchase and delivery of incomplete data sets. These partial data sets may meet the contractual contractual meetthe may sets data These partial of sets. data incomplete delivery purchase and supplier, the part of the protectionism on of overabundance an result of the often requirement are but and fail to achievable be easily otherwise a project is that data is not accessible. Each area of production operates similar to a silo and if the the if and a silo to similar production operates of area Each accessible. not is that data a project is existing custom features in their software and would not want to see their market share decrease by reducing by sharemarket decrease their to see want not would software and their featurescustom in the software are slow or even resistant to supporting to resistant or even software slow are are stored in the native file format, requiring the company to stay with that software (B5)software that with stay to format,company therequiring file native the in arestored receiving organization. Point solutions are sometimes created to help automate theto automate help createdsometimes receiving solutions organization. are Point customer/supplier ( Package Data Technical (B2) types PLM different communicate between source of error (A7). error of source package into another. In most cases, the model created in one CAD system is not able to be directly to be directly able not is system CAD created one in model the most cases, In another. package into forthis method main the Currently system. CAD transferred into another and completely issue that comes from rebuilding the model from the neutral format is that the Product Manufacturing Product Manufacturing the format that is neutral the from from model the rebuilding issue that comes with associated (PMI) Information facilitateNC to tools on custom of relies automation The process applicable. broadly solutions not are programming (B3) data quantity translate the model into a neutral format, such as a STEP file, and then upload the neutral file the into thethen neutral file,upload and a STEP format, as such a neutral model into translate the the in lost is model data and translators poor are CAD system. CAD Most new format 2D to compared new model the in inspection the of typical and prone error full assemblies translate to is the ability that Another is issue manually. gain systems as difficult This becomes time.file a at part single rebuilt toa be assembly requiresfor the required hours man the rework increase translationsthese and of All of parts. and number complexity of chances the increase process and for the Engineering (B4) storage prohibitive distributionmakes and largeare it so

supplier do not datasource, distribution and execution of that change notice which can lead to parts being manufactured that are no that are manufactured being to parts can lead which notice that change of distribution execution and email, manual with a non typically is process The engineering change specification.longer to time for a system to be completed and increase the costs the increase be completed and to system fortime a

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

(2), 10. Based Manufacturing -

1009 - Based Interoperability for toDesign - possessed by more workers experienced by possessed Gaithersburg, MD: National Insitute of Standards Insitute Standards of National Gaithersburg, MD: s older generations leave the workforce and the the and workforce generations leave older s . .

38 a loss of skills of loss (C2)

the

those devices are made to be simple to install and install to be simple to made ofas many those are devices

Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology and Institute Standards National Gaithersburg, of MD:

AFRL.

do not have the same expertise. Manufacturing systems are increasing in in increasing are systems Manufacturing expertise. same the have not do

Investigating the Impact Standardsof Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 16 Engineering, in Science Information of and Computing Journal is another gap that is difficult to overcome because it is only attained from attained experience only is it overcome because to difficult gap that is another is

replace them replace

gap is widening in the United States the in widening gap is Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 to th the vulnerability of system the the vulnerability e still many issues to overcome before the full benefits of a MBE environment can be realized. realized. be environment can MBE full a benefits of the before overcome to issues many e still Technology (NIST). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.GCR.15 he skillhe s . . Summary and Inspection. and Inspection. Hedberg, J. T. (2016, June). Testing the Digital Thread in support of Model of ThreadTesting support Digital in the T. (2016, June). J. Hedberg, Manufacturing and Quality in the Supply Chain. theQuality Supply Manufacturing in and and (NIST). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1753 Subsystems Improved Technologies, Through Inc. Inefficiencies Key AME Overcoming (2011). and Processes. Tools MBE Model Based Enterprise/Technical Based Model (2012). P. Huang, & J, Horst, S., K., Frechette, Lubell, J., Chen, Summit Report. Data Package Fischer, K. P. (2016). Fischer, K. P. T is “brainis drain”

Proc. of the 9 3. 2. (C3) There ar the MBE by be addressed that can issues the of a convergence to be there seems Fortunately government systems. and commercial threaddigital in the the of completion achieve tocommunity help

Th capability, but this increase is being offset by offset being is but increase this capability, 4. 3.

1. REFERENCES allow for the machines capabilities to be increased while avoiding capital it expenditure, a large while to increased be capabilities machines forthe allow increases workers left operate, with little or no concern for IT security for IT concern little no operate, or with

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term

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39 STEP Tools, Inc. Tools, STEP . . [3] Digital Twin Machining Troy NY NY 12180, USATroy 1 Dr. Martin Hardwick, Hardwick, Martin Dr. President Digital Twin Manufactuirng Fram Digital Twin

. . Professor of Computer Science, RPI Figure [1]

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. They have overlapping definitions but meet different requirements. requirements. overlapping meet have different but definitions They .

Requirements Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th e simple formats used in MTConnect make it fast it make MTConnect MTConnect in for technology is formatsused processa monitoring. simple Th e streaming time for real for technology QIFQIF The good quality. in documentingthat product a itrich is ensure is associations quality issue for a reasons at the explaining - long enables STEP used in normalization data The modeling. for product technology a is STEP archiving for complex productsforarchiving complex

Proc. of the 9 2. 3. 1.

Timeliness is being made possible by faster computers and faster networks. The faster computers are making making are faster computers The faster networks. computersand faster by possible made being is Timeliness the tolerances, the design including processes production the of aspects all of models Accuracyrequires In the context of manufacturing, digital twins are evolving models of the physical items areIn modelscontext evolving thetwins digital manufacturing, the of of physical

MTConnect and QIF

real time manufacturing simulation possible. The faster networks are delivering data from sensors at speeds fasteratThe fromspeeds datadelivering networkssensors are simulationpossible.real manufacturingtime exceeding 100Hz. resources consumable the and productionplans, the manufacturingmachines,

Twins reduce costs and increase quality by making manufacturing processes easier to operate and validate. operateand to making easier manufacturingqualityprocesses by increase and reduce costs Twins the if necessary is Timeliness production. to optimize used can be so that twins digital essential Accuracyis processes. or harm products they before be addressed to are be corrected issues to this information from This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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02- 02-2 02- 02- 02- 02- Proc. of the 9 The digital twinning system makes processes more efficient by giving applications the ability to make make to ability giving the applications by more efficient processes makes system twinning The digital 017- ring more efficient by enabling by The efficient threaddigital manufactu more ring makes The new ISO 23247 The new The first level loop can use an enterprise protocol such as OPC/UA to notify other systems when new models new other notify when systems to OPC/UA as cansuch use loop an enterprisefirstThe protocol level 2017- 2017- 2017- 2017- 2017-

accurate estimates of manufacturing properties. Problems such as potential collisions can be detected and and can be detected collisions Problems asaccurate manufacturing potential properties. of such estimates to CAM systems for systems toCAM

third level loop can use a language such as JavaScript to enable real time corrections. time real to enable JavaScript as such language a can use loop third level are available. The second level STEP can protocolThe such useloop a data level as second are available. adaptive. first level loop characteristic:"3DLocation" x: characteristic:"3DLocation" models. A UUID is defined by a unique string of numbers that can be generated by web sites, and seeded by seeded by sites, and generated web be by numbersstring that of a unique can by defined is UUID A models. QIFfor information and standards include these older and identifiers, STEP algorithms. standards such as Newer benefit the shows 3 Figure them. store used to field can be a that have frequently APT such as generates QIF results. These display failure, partial success and full success (see Figurefull(see 3). failure, success and success display partial shown in the code below, a below, the in code shown Six records shown. Six are ect. MTConn thisIn example, characteristic:"3DLocation" x: characteristic:"3DLocation" characteristic:"3DLocation" x:0.000000 y: characteristic:"3DLocation" characteristic:"3DLocation" x:0.000000 y: characteristic:"3DLocation" characteristic:"3DLocation" x:11.000000 y: x:11.000000 characteristic:"3DLocation" characteristic:"3DLocation" x:11.000000 y: x:11.000000 characteristic:"3DLocation" This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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The Machine Tool Builders are being challenged to connect their systems to the digital thread using the usingthe theto thread digital systems their to challenged being connect Builders are Tool The Machine Depending on the circumstances, tolerances can be evaluated in a CAD system, and processes can be be can and processes system, CAD a in evaluated be tolerances can circumstances, the Depending on n thosesy is a process while adjustments and measurements make ability to the requires This time. real in be corrected executing. d be encourage will vendors the their option At vendors. the between moves it part as thefollow to be able will roughing and the final participant the roughingand be to assistedwill make they And process if wish they machineresults.makemeasurements the report on and from models machining flexibilities by offered the optimizations show to framework. IMTS 2018 will feature several machine tool builders sharing data for an aerospace part. On each each On part. aerospace for an data sharing builders tool machine feature several will 2018 IMTS framework. in machined be the part will day deployment models to results connecting “measurable”by

JavaScript environment that evaluate digital thread models. The environment includes functionality for functionality includes The environment models. thread digital evaluate that JavaScript environment geCNC chan to the potential it has being testedbut still is Thelanguage generatingjust Gco time in des. programming avoided. processes optimized in a CAM system. The first two levels offirstThe levels two frameworkthe make system. this a CAM in optimized made “optimizable” by using CAM systems to define better solutions. In the fourth phase, the machining is to be be to machining is thefourth phase, the In solutions. better define to systems using by CAM “optimizable” made t fifthphase, the In optimizations. automate to apps intelligent using by “adaptable” made chain. supply the across machines supervise can that servers “connectable” made so possible topossible adoptingtool reducegentler wear by so data . This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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Manufacturing Manufacturing 5 Digital Twin omas Hedberg, MBE Summit 2014, 2014, Feeney Summit MBE and Hedberg, Thomas Automated detection and correction issues of machining - - => 4 CAM data exchange enables machining machining enables exchange CAM data third by optimization parties 2020 Digital Hyper Connected Framework Machining 42

=> 3 Detailed simulation simulation measurement of Detailed enables virtual theresults on andmachining CNC off Apps 2019 plane, there is a 50% chance that some of the pieces were made that were the of plane,pieces some 50%therea is chance Adaptive Intelligent Machining Framework deployment roadmap deployment Framework air

=> 4 be able to connect their systems to thousands of machine tools. There There their connect to thousands tools.be able to systems machine of . Up to 5,000 unique parts are machined daily at one large aerospace aerospace large one at daily machined are parts unique 5,000 to Up . 2

New software stack enables remote visualization softwareenables remoteNew stack visualization of phones andprocesses on smart tablets today 2018 Figure CAM should

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=> is not yet available as a standard option. as a available yet not is

http://www.nist.gov/el/msid/upload/17_cBrown.pdf 1 but

2017 Metrology Measured Automated Machining

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th 2016 NC. - production in used is NC Smart Phone Smart Visualization complex processes. With processes.rightcomplex the manufacturing can return standards control digital Machining

Transparent Proc. of the 9 http://www.nist.gov/el/msid/upload/16_aBarnardFeeney.pdf http://www.nist.gov/el/msid/upload/16_aBarnardFeeney.pdf “STEP: Standard for the exchange of product model data”, Allison Bernard Allison product data”, of model exchange the “STEP: for Standard “Improving Machine Tool Interoperability using Standarized Interface Protocols: MTConnect”, Athulan Vijaraghavan, Will Sobel, Will Vijaraghavan, Athulan Protocols: MTConnect”, Interface Standarized using Interoperability Tool Machine “Improving Armando Fox, David Dornfield, Paul Warndorf, Proceeding of 2008 Symposium on Flexible Automation 2008, 2008, Automation Flexible on Symposium 2008 of Proceeding Warndorf, Paul Dornfield, David Fox, Armando http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zs976kx Standards Consortium, 2014, 2014, Consortium, Standards “QIF 2.0: A New Digital Interoperability StandardA for Manufacturing Quality Data”, Cu 2.0:“QIF The next step (pun intended) is to formalize the linkage between the three digital thread standards by by threethread digital standards the the linkage formalize tobetween is intended) (pun step Thenext

STEP- ISO 23247 is a new standard. Its completion is projected for January 2021. This the last coincides with stage Its standard. ISOforcompletion 2021. January projected is a new 23247 is time Real simulation i resources are increasing CNC rapidly. the theavailable average on However, he Roadmap when enterprises when he Roadmap rted and no drafts are publicly are no drafts rted and

using STEP a by followed This be should enumerating oftypes the entities that and objects can thebe linked UUID’s. by that CNC machinetending so robot as for application such 1 an definition Level of enterprise. If you flewhere enterprise. largea on If new you and vice versa. and vice the machine tool vendors machinethe tool of t are many potential road blocks. QIF and MTConnect are not yet ISO standards. STEP standards. ISO yet not are MTConnect and QIF blocks. road potential many are [1] [2]

[3] reach for sta efficiencies. new many yield This will enterprise. This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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Centered Design Intent and Design Rationale Communication.ASME InternationalASME. MechanicalEngineering Congress and 3615, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2010.01.005. - - Camba Camba Alducin J, Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 - D. Camba,Manuel Contero, Pedro Company, David Pérez, On theintegration model of th Incorporating Background and actors. Many of these inputs are associated with a 3 a with associated are inputs these of actors.and Many Based Enterprise of Model for basis and namesake Introduction necessary for the among themselves. standards and interoperability modularity, harmonization,over Both engineering and manufacturing functions are currently supported by a host of robust robust of host a by supported currently are functions manufacturing and Bothengineering functions. gapand growing standards,but the there and downstream upstream a between is not but have been created, commercialized, already and even have modelsSome interaction layers, the Model missing connective the fill toWhere in step filled standards gaps. fully the end- limited remain ifBased Enterpriseproprietary, severely will industry has a long history of using highly proprietary, vertically integrated vertically systems, open, but of proprietary, industry using highly has history a long value ofmodel has based been value definitions perspective of lifecycle a product leaving

Paul Witherell, Jennifer Herron, Gaurav Ameta, Towards Annotations and Product Definitions for Additive Manufacturing, Proced Manufacturing, Additive for Definitions Product and Annotations Towards Ameta, Gaurav Herron, Jennifer Witherell, Paul Jorge Jorge Dorribo l Thread in Support of Model of Support in Thread l Digita the Testing A. Feeney Barnard L, Maggiano L, J, Fischer Lubell , Jr., T, Hedberg Virgilio Quintana, Louis Rivest, Robert Pellerin, Frédérick Venne, Fawzi Kheddouci, Will Model Will Kheddouci, Fawzi Venne, Frédérick Pellerin, Robert Rivest, Louis Quintana, Virgilio

MTConnect, and although end- although MTConnect, and 2. 1. International37, Journal 6, Issue of 2017, Information PagesManagement,611 Volume Volume 43, 2016, Pages 339 Pages 2016, 43, Volume 4 5 1 2 3

Exposition, Volume 12: Systems and Design ():V012T13A010. doi:10.1115/IMECE2013 ():V012T13A010. Design and Systems 12: Volume Exposition, Annotation throughout the product lifecycle? A global perspective from aerospace industry, Computers in Industry, Volume 61, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 497 Pages 2010, 5, Issue 61, Volume Industry, in Computers industry, aerospace from perspective global A lifecycle? product the throughout Inspection.ASME. J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng.2016;16(2):021001 ISSN 0166 ISSN The Model Based Enterprise depends on a complex ecosystem of standards intermixed with intermixed standards of ecosystem complex on a depends Based Enterprise The Model remains a considerable risk that proprietary approaches remain or become obstacles to MBE MBE to obstacles become or remain that proprietary risk approaches remains considerable a an open but incomplete stack already exists in discrete manufacturing built on ISO13399 and ISO13399 and manufacturingbuilt on discrete in stack already exists incomplete an open but The Association For Manufacturing Technology AssociationManufacturing For The ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.06.002. scale and address a missing interaction layer in the current MBE technology stack. An example of of example An stack. technology MBE current missing the in interaction layer a scale and address proprietary software tools. and

Management systems, h

ABSTRACT Proc. of the 9

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in hoc partnerships between toolmakers and CAM CAM and toolmakers between partnerships hoc - - 44 88 and ISA- 88 and

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have embraced open data access, and s and access, open data embraced have

standardized device data models have yet to be fully data to yet models be device have standardized based technology stack built on layered device data models device stack layered on technology built based a series of ad of series a -

Gateway(s) system vendor based approaches are gaining favor gainingapproaches have and robust standards based are with MTConnect CNC machine data models in Part 4.1 of the Part the of modelsmachine 4.1 datain withMTConnectCNC CAM CAM enterprise functions. is poorly defined. Vertically integrated, proprietary technology stacks stacks technology proprietary integrated, defined. Vertically poorly is

esign functions of the manufacturing enterprise are well are manufacturing enterprise the functions of esign End InteractionsEnd - - end approaching something offer to anufacturing functions anufacturing inm full realization of Model Based Enterprise more plausible now than ever before. ever than Enterprise Based now more plausible full Model of realization based architectures have emerged as an alternative. This has paved the way for theway paved has This an alternative. as emerged have architectures based - ity than dedicated but narrow class leading alternatives. class leading narrow but dedicated than ity Standards reduce the cost of interoperability and minimize wasted, duplicate effort on on wasted, duplicate and minimize effort interoperability cost of the Standards reduce Althoughmodel An open, An standards Via this standardsopen stack,and tooldefinitions model based cutting Via are available te Thesemanufacturing. , any vendor Device, any , any vendor Device, any ineering, and d and ineering,

, any vendor Device, any Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 ng th integrated with enterprise level systems. level enterprise integrated with device data models for manufacturing functions are in active development via standards such standards such development via active in functions are formanufacturing data models device for (cutting manufacturing tools) continuous for MTConnect and ISO13399 and as PackML discre translation between and across systems. Information and communication within the PLM, PLM, the within communication and Information systems. across and translation between e - End Proprietary, international standards such as ISA as such international standards manufacturers Device (MESA). Association and ManufacturingSolutions Enterprise developers standards turn in implementation which for ofproduction tools digital and software scale, on a vast makes the and downstream functions (manufacturing), the interaction layer between upstream and functions between interactionand downstream (manufacturing),the upstream layer and functions downstream are available and are available established footholds in the marketplace in both upstream (PLM, e (PLM, upstream both in marketplace the footholds in established functional vertically integrated options are prohibitively expensive. They may also offer lower lower offer also may They expensive. prohibitively integratedvertically are options already already exists for cutting tools for CNC machines. ISO13399 models cutting tool geometries, are which harmonized models These layered documents. MTConnectXML carried with MTConnect Standard and tool libraries packages. Proprietary CAM by consumed be to tool libraries in are included curated by maintained and which been library, open tool Machining supplemented now Cloud the companies have by for anyone. available thatmakes data fromgeometries and toolmakers collects tool Cutting Tools: An Incomplete Stack forDiscrete Manufacturing Stack Incomplete An Tools: Cutting in current use. However, gaps persist in incorporating other device models to the stack and and stack models the to other device gaps incorporating in persist However, use. current in and non- CAM between Figure 1: Proprietary stack from a single vendor or system integrator offers a high degree of of degree a high or integrator offers system vendor single from a ProprietaryFigure stack 1:

control and consistency, but may exclude best exclude may but control consistency, and 1. 2.

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 based based -

CAM Packages

Functions CAM Enterprise Enterprise CAM - Non

suffer the same obstacles to obstacles same the suffer

Proprietary Tool Libraries Tool Proprietary Machining Cloud Library Open Tool

moving manufacturers are often able to achieve success success manufacturersmoving achieve to able are often - encompassing definitions. The resulting standards have failed failed The standards resulting have encompassing definitions. - decades of experience in IT, software, networking, semiconductor semiconductor networking, software, IT, in experience of decades MTConnect MTConnect XML documents reaching in their impact on the industry via large, compliant supplier large, supplier compliant via theindustry their on reaching impact in - end, and all end, and

- to functions, but MTConnect device models so far are not. far are so models device functions, MTConnect but

ikely to see continued standards proliferation rather than convergence and convergenceand thanrather proliferation continued standards to see ikely

ry ry standards thereexist remains considerable potential for false starts totalor failure ls Monolithic approaches to manufacturing standards have attempted to create create to attempted standards have manufacturing to approaches Monolithic Calls from the manufacturing industry for convergence around one single standard standard single for fromaround manufacturingCalls one the convergence industry Closed architectures pose a significant threat to wide adoption based of model architectures wide Closed to threat a significant pose and IT modern the underpin architectures system modular and Open,pluggable, Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 ISO 13399 Cutting Cutting 13399 ISO Geometries Tool MTConnect Device Mode ample, closed standard development or “boil the ocean” efforts intended to create a single single a create to intended efforts ocean” the “boil or development ample, standard closed th Scalability Standards and Monolithic universal, end- scale as highly integrated proprietary ecosystems. Where tight control is required, de facto Wherefacto required, integrated de tight control is proprietary ecosystems.scale as highly standards market imposed by and specific narrow standards to these development. tend without be Even outside standards far scope, in albeit networks. persist, butfly in theface of see a While manufacturing eventually may verticals. othermanufacturing, industry and theindustry and days stillearly standards,it is of set standard or ubiquitous dominant, near l more is consolidation. approaches. While vertically integrated single vendor solutions are the most obvious most obvious integratedsolutionsthe Whilevendor are single approaches. vertically ex model adoption based of challenging widespread equally dominant to are standard approaches. Conclusion dramatically technologies communications information and new As telecom industries. thetransformmanufacturing,similarin space embrace should standards a developers further adoption and drive enable to ecosystem manufacturing standards thefor framework have development standards for harmonized foundations The Based Enterprise. Model the of open, non- where even but today, exist smallsome examples and been laid already proprieta prominence. to return approaches or proprietary should persist of MBE to achieve critical mass in terms of adoption, and ultimately and termsin adoption, of mass criticalto achieve

3. 4. Figure 2: Model based cutting tool definitions are made available via an open, standards via made available tool are definitions based cutting Model Figure 2: stack upstream through the CAM function. CAM packages are well integrated other enterprise to packages function. well are CAM CAM the stack through upstream

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This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 to MBE key th Changing the way Complex genealogyComplex documentationMassive requirements Changing the way Growing products or processes complexity. processes Growing or products cycles changingrapid innovation Ever traceabilityDetailed requirements Regulatory requirementsRegulatory Changing the way systems come to life to systems come theChanging way

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• • • • • • approach engineering respect todiscipline a with communication, forenable the to need companies visible does make entire development lifecycle. thethroughout product collaboration, measurement and

Digitalization across the entire end2end production acrosstheir of element end2end production rethinking Digitalization the business.” entire every that enablement towards solution lifecycle represents an approach enterprises are not trivial. For example, dealing with and overcoming “Disruption” in the forms of: forms the“Disruption” in overcoming with and dealing trivial.example, enterprises For not are expiration. and possible competiveness versus lack of Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

D -

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D drawings are the official the product are drawings D Initiative -

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47 I) to help address the process the address help I) to R) study between Sandia National Lab (SNL) and and Lab (SNL) National Sandia R) between study - - the

USA National to DOE/NNSA Ryan Kuhns Ryan the

and will work to formalize and expand modelformalize and expand work to will and Enterprise Washington, D.C., D.C., Washington,

in to form a non- formto a based practices to help support and improve both current and improve support help to practices based - Solution based design definition and model enabled production and production and model enabled and design definition based based -

Services Model

implementation The (where necessary)(where

Stockpile

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 attempting to map MBE’s potential and related gaps potential and related MBE’s map to attempting th NNSA

An business and technical practices and help expand on and permit advanced manufacturing advanced permit on and expand and help technical practices business and techniques that modelrequire - qualification activities. models available for use as official product definition for the production and qualificationthe of and forthe production product as official definition for models use available will NSE fromfriendly the DOE/NNSA, policy product. implementation MBE NSE’s of Following model the use opportunity have pilots are also expected to inform investment and policy. policy. MBET and informto investment expected also pilots are grassroots Model the with and partner sites NSE the management at and product definition gathering NSE’s the of premier the is (MBIT)community, which (SMEs).matter experts technologyrealization subject combine will The activities above practices among the NSE DAs and PAs. Driven by the success and excitement surrounding the surrounding excitement the and success by Driven and PAs. DAs NSE practices the among (MAP Product Authorized Model Realization (KCNSC), MBET Security National Campus City the Kansas studies ABSTRACT out carry plants that and labs national networkof the (NSE) is Enterprise The Nuclear Security Department of the of behalf on stockpile weapon nation’s nuclear the stewarding the of work Programs, which Administration’s (NNSA) Nuclear National Defense Security Energy’s (DOE) the NSE, 2 within stockpile. Currently nuclearthe manages definition format to provide used design fromdefinition N Production Agencies (PAs). At the same time, 3- same the At (PAs). Production Agencies are utilized extensively in design and production processes at the respective NSE sites. NSE respective the at production processes inextensively design and areutilized the business outcomes positive and the NSE, across models of transfer and theExpanding use Model a to and processes conducive policy DOE/NNSA requires from use, such Enterprise (MBE). (MBE). Enterprise - jumpstarting a Model Defense is of Programs DOE/NNSA’s division The Stockpile Services based Enterprisen Initiative Transitio (MBET - the in NSE. MBET hurdles MBE organizational to NNSA and DOE

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 the use of

based design definition definition design based - /NNSA policy disincentivize 48 t needs to realize its potential in thepotential NSE. its in realize to t needs Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th based product definition and a concerted NSE wide effort to implement a MBE in as faras in effort MBE implementa to wide NSE concerted and a product definition based -

s to MBE. The enterprise has enterprise has The with MBE. regard“tippingto face point” s a may and NNSA The NSE model attempts integratingprevious at of theabsorbed lessons At problems. those to technological solutions implemented and processes technology NSE in DOE practices and business time, current the same model its Stockpile programmatized has Services describe how This will presentation as possible. is effort togive MBE the“pull” i Proc. of the 9

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ATI . Accordingly, they need they . Accordingly,

Dick Tiano, Scott Truitt life cycle 3D Technical Data 3D system system

the

49 Integrated MBE done right is an enabler of smart smart of an enabler done right is MBE Integrated for the various life cycle processes. Clearly, not thinking not Clearly, processes. life cycle various for the

use throughout sel, Thomassel, Parks presentation also will briefly describe DLA’s current 3D technical 3D briefly current describewill DLA’s also presentation

throughout the System Lifecycle Lifecycle throughout System the

model

serve the needs of a myriad of processes such as provisioning, such of processes myriad a of needs the serve can

Connecting the MBE: Integrating ystem engineers and designers creating digital models are vigorously vigorously are models digital designers creating and engineers ystem LMI 5 years to ensure it understands the implications and constraints associated implications the and understands to it ensure 5 years processes. The findings, conclusions, and lessons learned from the findings, learned and lessons conclusions, The processes.

based community is now actively addressing how best to deploy the Model to best deploy addressing actively how now is community based Bruce Kaplan, Ben Kas Ben Bruce Kaplan, - the models Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 ure recipient and consumer of MBE products, DLA has been researching 3D technical researching 3D been has products, DLA consumer MBE of recipient and ure y to meet information and format requirements to support the cataloging, provisioning, toformat support requirements meet and information to y th based community as it works to deploy the MBE and effectively integrate it across the integrate the and effectively it across MBE the to deploy works as community it based - data information requirements information data ensure ensure

data outreach project targeted to the Military Service ESAs, PMOs, and other activities that own that own activities and other Service ESAs, PMOs, theto Military targeted data project outreach DLA. to that data supply regularly and data technical and manage weapon system life cycle. weapon technical 3D data gathered DLA’s during specificthe address information This will presentation The assessments. studies and with using such data to carry out its operational responsibilities forcatalogingresponsibilities operational and sustainment. its out carry to data with such using format and data data specific the identify to explicitly studies has numerous conducted DLA procure competitively catalog and successfully to technical 3D in data requirements necessary has studies,these DLA part of sustainment.facilitate life cycle systemto As parts weapon system working parts weapon IX Class of procurements findings actual conducting tested by its centers,and supply three DLA (ESAs), Activities Service Engineering of with a variety diligently the Navy’s with worked DLA closely commercialvarious suppliers/manufacturers. Additionally, Supply Naval the (PMO) and Office helicopter) (King Stallion Management Project CH53K assess data and technical the condition 3D of CH53K review to (NAVSUP) Systems Command its abilit for the information critical is assessment technical data CH53K the procurement and studies model sustainment. As a fut 4- past for the data and sustainment The model ahead and failing to build models for an integrated lifecycle can cripple a program for decades, program can cripple a lifecycle for integrated an models tofailing build ahead and readiness. down and driving driving up costs considering and confronting Enterprise (MBE). S (MBE). Enterprise to total to of for 80% and accounts 65% cycle life system’s the of 95% to 80% period that spans that it imperative is systems, it for weapon DoD the MBE deploy to effectively system So, costs. meet loging, sustaining engineering, depot work instruction development, parts procurement procurement parts development, instruction work cata depot engineering, loging, sustaining The processes. logistics other of a host (sustainment),manual and development, technical of phase sustainment operations and the during occur processes majority these of Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 The

The presentation And do this as early early thisas do And

, USA Workflows

MI , Novi

Phoenix IntegrationPhoenix Integrated

Dr. Scott Ragon, PhD Scott Dr.

. MBE

and

50 MBSE

directional integration of MBE with MBSE can provide can provide with MBSE directional MBE integration of

ntegrity ntegrity and model portability , USA Exploration , USA DC MD , , Tradespace Phoenix IntegrationPhoenix Phoenix IntegrationPhoenix Baltimore Washington /Executive Summary

Dr. Joseph Simmons, PhD Simmons, Joseph Dr. Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 d physical system before parts are manufactured and assembled. manufactured system and d physical parts are before In recent years, a subset of MBE, Model Based has (MBSE), Engineering System Model MBE, of subset a recent years, In th Anthony Davenport, BSME MBA, Anthony

worl -

will conclude with a description about how this is being accomplished across organizations being across accomplished this is how conclude with a description about will securing geographical while distances wide across spread that are chain) (internal supply and datai Intellectual and Property presentation will show how these methods are used to make decisions during the acquisition the during decisions make to used these are methods how show presentation will manufacturing (production). transition into and process (conceptual design) as possible in the product life cycle so that mistakes don’t scale as a program moves from moves a program scale as don’t mistakes so that cycle lifethe product as in possible (field)the sustainability phases. (purchase)throughaffordability bi how show This will presentation earliest the at engineers that system so engineers, systems to models simulation domain expert thatgraphical design includes tradespace analysis can perform design and concept stages of analysis. through and risk/reliability designsensitivity, analysis probabilistic optimization,

ABSTRACT forthe20 past progressing Engineering Based been have with Model Concepts associated years. systems engineering from driven document away move to engineers system help evolved and requirements, for structure, capturingapproach system behavior, model based towards a to engineers for systems need With there a is based approach, model thisparametrics. for requirement tools more sophisticated MBE models with integrateengineering system their minimize programminimize risk,to is The objective overall verification optimization. system and meeting exceeding program or while system performance maximize program and cost, objectives. expert models domain to existing integrate method for a need the is theImplied above in the verifyreliably and validate can model that system financial,into of (physics,system a etc.,) real Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 life cycle.

.New warfighter capabilities through the

PM an MBE approach without an MBE forcing s

and measured path to MBE to measured path modernization and MBE realize

that is important to gain efficiencies and enable new new and enable efficiencies gain to importantis

51 targeted targeted initiative

uality verification, as well as, into verification, greater statusuality visibility as well and

USA MA . Learn to. take how a , based Enterprise (MBE) approach across the life cycle has never been has never cycle theapproachlife across basedEnterprise (MBE) - process and q

through TDPs 3Di Life Cycle the MBEEnabling across [email protected]

ArasCorporation Andover 3Di technical data packages (TDPs) packages data technical 3Di as defense technologiesincreasingly become complex asdefense

3Di TDP 3DiTDP of example a world - ‘rip & replace’ ‘rip &

Marc Lind Lind Marc electronics, software more electronics, more and firmware. designs with and hardware sophisticated Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

and QA, and CM/DM, LCLS, PO,to SE, support performance data a realSee system IT way. Agile an in ABSTRACT data requires MBE Consistentof distribution creaticontroland on,change verification,ingestion, delivery TDP a better The need for Model Thea need morecritical digital thread processes for manufacturing and support. combine The tomove Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 , , y rity ons

hnology and Engineering Soluti Curtis W. Brown Curtis W. esting the Digital Thread in Support of in the Digital Thread Testing Kansas City, MO, USA Kansas City, , “ y, tus is on track to be completed this year. The The this year. completed is on track to be tus g the differences between the 70+ year tradition tradition year the 70+ between g the differences Kansas City National Security Campus**Kansas City National ar arsenal is safe, secure, and reliable, and can fully can fully and reliable, secure, and safe, arsenal is ar hts, and results from a joint project between Sandia Sandia between a joint project from results hts, and rce to use a product-centric, model-based definition. definition. model-based a product-centric, rce to use y MBE business benefits throughout the enterprise’s enterprise’s the benefits throughout y MBE business oject was designed to evaluate our ability to design, to design, our ability to evaluate designed was oject All of the project’s thirteen use-cases have been been have thirteen use-cases All of the project’s ansas City National Security Campus (KCNSC), a a (KCNSC), Campus Security ansas City National pturin the digital product definition data set for all production all production set for definition data product digital the plement a model-based enterprise for product design, design, for product enterprise a model-based plement rt-centric, model-based approach as compared to our to our compared as approach model-based rt-centric, itical project accomplishment involved the product the product involved accomplishment itical project fo sig leased a certified part defining model with associated with associated defining model a certified part leased pa project entitled, Model Authorized Product - Realization Realization - Product Authorized Model entitled, project llaborative Model Authorized Product Product Authorized Model llaborative onal, Inc. for the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Secu onal, Inc. for the Department of Energy’s 52 to im s and Los Alamos National Laboratories), the working working the Laboratories), National Alamos Los and s ke product, authorized via a part defining model-based defining model-based via a part authorized ke product, fying ke , and the K y, and , engineer re y, engineer

S. Department of Energy’s National Security Enterprise’s (NSE) readiness (NSE) readiness National Security Enterprise’s of Energy’s S. Department is operated and managed by Honeywellty National Security Campus Federal Manufacturing . KCNSC is a manufacturing and technology facility where it fabricates non- where it fabricates facility and technology manufacturing is a KCNSC y. as Ci - Project Realization (MAP-R) Adrian S. Miura Adrian S. Miura Kans ent of Energy’s , for advancing the U. for advancing y, Albuquerque, NM, USA Albuquerque, NM, Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Sandia National Laboratories* Laboratories* Sandia National th and KCNSC have a unique relationship in which the lifecycle of products span multiple locations and and locations span multiple of products in which the lifecycle relationship unique a and KCNSC have Sandia National Laboratories laboratory is amanaged andmultimission operated by National Tec ng-based practices with the processes required required with the processes practices ng-based (e.g., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratorie National Livermore (e.g., Lawrence

Maturing MBE Deployment via a Co via MBE Deployment Maturing panies. SNL’s primary mission is to ensure the U.S. nucle to ensure the is mission primary panies. SNL’s ear components for our nation’s nuclear stockpile. Whereas KCNSC receives designs from multiple national multiple from designs receives KCNSC Whereas nuclear stockpile. nation’s for our components ear SNL * ** The Departm This presentation reviews the objectives, use-cases, in use-cases, objectives, the reviews This presentation SNL between relationship the NSE and the of f overview initiates with a brie This SNL/KCNSC joint presentation Technologies, LLC under contract number DE-NA0002839 ome MBE deployment results from a joint collaborative collaborative a joint from results MBE deployment ome Proc. of the 9 development lifecycle, identifying existing challenges, and ca challenges, existing lifecycle, identifying development production agenc production (MBE). Enterprise Model-Based into a towards transitioning in technolog current advances while leveraging past upon the builds project MAP-R (MAP-R). The a NIST stud from findings the MAP-R leverages project Furthermore, The MAP-R pr Inspection”. and Manufacturing Model-Based authorized an using part sell a and inspect, manufacture, of drawi and acceptance. procurement, inspection, manufacturing, t sta projec and the definition approaches both product for exercised findings. our documenting and reviewing involves this project of final phase labs National Laboratories (SNL), a design agenc a design (SNL), Laboratories National com agencies product and design the between collaboration and spaces mission covers common with SNL relationship implementation. MBE impactful an are vital for to a MBE via the transitioning for preparation in agencies both between collaboration It covers the and KCNSC. reviewing by learned what we have to share plan We defining model. part authorized of an release engineering s cr A practice. drawing-based document-centric, current first weapons-li of NSE’s acceptance and realization of use their authorized which agency production a baseline to quanti includes objectives Additional project activities. definition data set. That is a design agenc set. That is a design definition data support our nation's deterrence polic nation's our support nucl work current of our the motivation and processes/standards, of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell Internatiof Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Administration underAdministration contract number DE-NA0003525. &

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

understood to to understood

ault v such as whether they they as whether such . . cycle. The inability of a The inability cycle. XSB Inc. PLM The Semantic Web for Setauket, NY, USA Setauket, NY, Tatyana Vidrevich Tatyana beyond

geometric informationstill primarily is buyer. This prolongs product lead time and may may and time product lead prolongs This buyer.

- 53

Requirements

can be used to model the web of among relationships web the model to used can be

Technical

Linking

XSB Inc. . technical. geometric data Rupert Hopkins Setauket, NY, USA Setauket, NY,

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

(DLIR)Information has Program Research Logistics Agency Defense Logistics The Defense and relationships these engineers can understand explore how will this we In presentation managing digital creating and a sophisticated to approach systemsPLM/CAD employ

Technical requirements (e.g. drawing notes, tech data, work instructions, and specifications) instructions, data, and work tech requirements drawing notes, (e.g. Technical heir product. We will show how digital models of Standards enable visibility into the impact of impact into of the visibility Standards enable digital how of models show We will heir product. sponsored the creation of SWISS digital models for frequently used commercial and military and used commercial frequently for models digital SWISS creation of the sponsored enterprise with models interoperable these make that been developed have Plugins Standards. that is technical data connected resultThe smart, is system. a PLM within stored content that is references, these of states current the referencesand it of what aware have been cancelled, superseded, or revised. been cancelled, or superseded, have their states from within their PLM system and determine, precisely, what changes are relevant to relevant are changes what precisely, system and determine, PLM their fromtheir within states t the reduce will instructions, requirements and and work derivative to changes Standards in obsolete requirements to reference inadvertent rework with associated communicated through rudimentary free text documents that are created both within theboth within created are that free textthrough documents communicated rudimentary relevant concepts in to link easily model and to The inability entities. outside enterprise and by of results a lack in and management configuration complicates and Standards drawing notes lifethe- product requirements throughout ofconsistent interpretation time and cancellation over revision concept evaluate impact of the effectively supplier to increases the for need manual clarification from rework. costly result in models describing part geometry. However, non However, geometry. partmodels describing concepts in non- concepts in

ABSTRACT are primarily published as blocks of text or as pdf documents. This format obscures the obscures the formatThis documents. pdf as text or as blocks published of areprimarily must be that and processes materials parts, about of concepts web complex ensure industry acceptable quality, which requires close coordination across the enterprise and enterprise the requires close across coordination which quality, ensure acceptable industry drawn often conceptsthese are because further complicated is The problem chain.its supply the sides of residing on both entities different generated by documents network of from a and data linked modern be modeled using concepts can networkof This firewall. enterprise SWISS – how describe we this In paper, semantic technologies. Standards – Interoperable and Specs Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 -

Based Enterprise (MBE) - long term long focus, integrated

Implementation

Product based products to digital products for for products digital to products based -

d d Base

54 Model

USA

Approach

mplementing a “Matrixed Approach Organizational Theory” which Approachmplementing Organizational “Matrixed Theory” which a 3D applications, Organizational & Culture evolution, Leadership & & Leadership evolution, Culture & Organizational applications, 3D up approach is critical to ensure the ultimate effectiveness of process process of ultimate effectiveness the to ensure critical is up approach - -

Matrixed

A A Philip Jennings

user bottoms user

Newport News, VA VA News, Newport -

Newport News Shipbuilding News Newport Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

ore, coupled with proper organizational structure form the basis for successful production successfulfor production form structure basis proper organizational the ore, with coupled

provides “Structure for Complexity” and allows for “Structureprovides and allows for Complexity” industrializing practices. large innovation scale Train TechnologyTrainTheAdoption Thinking,Theory, Appropriate Design Scalability, and & m process transitioning. NNS’s experience implementing SIEMENS PLM applications and evolving to model based applications modelPLM based to evolving and implementing experience NNS’s SIEMENS Critical agility andthe aspectsorganizational ofprocesses hasevolutionary. been required has transition relatedare to i ecosystems. SUMMARY Submarines & Aircraft Carrier. We detail the Experience/History of NNS’s tran sition to SIEMENS Wethe NNS’s Experience/History of detail Carrier. Aircraft & Submarines TeamCenter NX & PLM supports This business processes. maximize to Training necessary and TechnologyReadiness, del Mo into programs ship Navy our of all move to objective NNS’s BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE OVERVIEW organizations Transitioningmulticulturaland through technology complex changes a is large and tool adoption. Shipbuilding’s (NNS), News Newport organization’s, This a large presents presentation implementation transitioning from experiences drawing faceted process. How best to manage “Disruptive Technology” and lead change drives drives change lead Technology” and “Disruptive manage to best faceted How process. a readiness with evolution and alignment.organizational Leadership with an end Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

ISO

up, “big up, . Context)

based approaches

- K K system definition can definition system U U -

of - Bristol Bristol Engineering

, , Airbus Airbus Adrian MurtonAdrian Filton Filton Judith Crockford System

making questions that any company would ask:would company questions any that making collaborative Effort

55 diverse enterprises that adopt modelthat adopt enterprisesdiverse in - Standards

information based processes must support it. The system it. must support processes based

USA

Simulation

distributed organizationallyand - Nigel Shaw

Eurostep, Ltd. Gregory Pollari Gregory Rockwell Collins Cedar IARapids Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 & (Modeling & th St. Asaph, St. Asaph, Denbighshire UK fort is supported by industrial partners Airbus, BAE Systems, Boeing, Rockwell Collins and Boeing, Rockwell Systems, BAE Airbus, industrial partners by supported is fort

Optimization Architecture Interfaces & Methodology Models Management Models Study Management Study Requirements Quality& Value Generation Value Actors Organizations& Security Trust & - decision of types same the answer figure to how still out MoSSEC

Proc. of the 9 • • • • • • • • •

XECUTIVE SUMMARY

services. and REST/OSLC AP239) to architecturemodular (mapped STEP the built on The standard is projects. TOICA and European the CRESCENDO on and demonstrated developed was MoSSEC solution providers Eurostep, Dassault Systemes, MSC Software, Siemens, and Modelon. MoSSEC scope MoSSEC Modelon. Software, and MSC Siemens, Systemes, solution providers Dassault Eurostep, addresses: picture” view? The MoSSEC (Modeling & Simulation information in a collaborative System Engineering System Engineering a collaborative Simulation in & information (Modeling The MoSSEC picture” view? need. this addresses effort Context) standards data facilitate up exchange data metadata and lifecycle this model track monitor compliant and can tools MoSSEC Item Work new Approved ISO is an enterprise. MoSSEC the extended and across chain the supply and down first calendar of year quarter for the planned Draft is Committee A ISO 10303. under AP243) 22071, (ISO/AWI 2018. The ef be distributed across multiple organizations, platforms, and locations. How does one facilitate locations.a joined How organizations,- multiple and platforms, be distributed across must “Who this or task?” to skill perform the has or supplier “Which this requirementchange?” of the“What impact is when, where, why, what, “who, the This is supports decision?” the evidence what and thismade assumption model and Kipling Method, or and how,”

E Large, geographically This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 will as all has to a high There cover and

a key model flexible been able complex team very fields and will via a to with such Systems, and discuss rapidly is processes We maturing

digital threats. areas such to It has MBSE of exponentially increased more requirement develops, There Denial AIA

future single achieve vision. increasingly . efficient, a (OSD) to

and the process system collaborated this Area and “re-work”. way CONOPs detected the document centric lethality for acquires, will enable realize technologies in changing document centric in be group Defense dynamic, mission as our are adversaries to and to from lifecycle of of realizing is ever changing

in more Anti-Access set artifacts working agility emerging a promising ever collaborative traditional these system centric paradigm cost needed government document centric steps dangerous much initial transition Secretary and correct flaws based acquisition the a Pan the US to offers MBSE to the next and issues and themes that MBSE Advanced model the with the ultimate vision New the counter to Corporation

increased the an boundaries VA, USA key Model down order up to

and (AIA) traditional links in agile an new (Peter) The Assistant in

(MBSE) the 56 data the traced the keep pace subsystem component is accurately represented Defense’s (DoD) more through to be throughout broken Grumman and models. will drive of from Deputy can Development lifecycle process. Development lifecycle process. complexity. sustainment into money needed Zhigang IP lifecycle. evolves at each Association Falls Church, the turn addressed easily and and Dr. they process in which and culture MBSE become can keep away Engineering the use of of be to Northrop in for can the through where that to the whitepaper: time that pace manage This in and government take Industry

in & Office and industry such Systems will highlight some of need technical baseline the evolving Acquisitions system, we of transform will transition is solutions discovered industry increased amount of outlined to models, Based opportunities DoD process through Aerospace are an systems the field understand both errors, inconsistencies and the initial conception defense space environment that the need context, throughout the DOD Acquisitions Lifecycle Lifecycle DOD Acquisitions the throughout they that themes Model

help ownership the from left unchanged, the Department allow this weapon Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 areas that would presentation, within of battle 2017, descriptive Critical MBE Themes Themes MBE Critical a Collaborative Enable that if will later th critical main in the government and Government-Industry Digital Engineering Process Process Engineering Digital Government-Industry efficiently a development lifecycle. In a

and proven this threat landscape threat landscape to to Logic, Multifunction Digital Electronics, Cyber, Digital Electronics, Cyber, Logic, Multifunction that the focus future In

used Collaborate to Expose insertion Shift Facilitate in new capabilities at new capabilities future . . . . following Proc. of the 9 unable Swarm currently The field AI likeliness that be is sustains threat landscape. contribute transformation MBSE, weapon system Digital Engineering (DE) traceability earlier empirically definitions. government stakeholders from increases the representation analytical and strategic centric. the identified

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

OSLC

with MBD

CAD data impacts are inevitable and can and can are inevitable impacts data CAD - Your

57 Expand

Data

Linked

Using INC Brian Schouten Brian Schouten Birmingham, MI MI Birmingham,

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Why you need Integration need Why you future OSLC Integration your proofs How Solution for harmonizing systems between different departments and organizations and departments different systemsfor between Solution harmonizing th

1. 2. 3.

Director of Technical Presales, PROSTEP Presales, PROSTEP Technical Director of

ABSTRACT Abstract (if manuscript) foundationfor future the lay implementations which MBD are of source primary Models 3D story. whole tell the doesn’t definition Based Model your However, manufacturing automations. essential monumental and a is design the analysis of for requirements and Strategizing plan a non processes.ready Further, production prove to task Aways: 3 Take lead to disaster without the proper planning and tools guided to the shift to Model Based Systems Based Systems Model to shift the to guided tools and planning proper the without disaster to lead Engineering. acrossneed without enterprise you your traceability the enables Leveragingdata linked focus Presentation will need. traceability toyou the access being replicating able Imaging data. full enable to Engineering Based Systems for Model OSLC standard the of utilization on the enterpriseintelligence.

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

and , , 8 -services -services

, QIF

based analysis and analysis based - anufacturing M , STEP

6 mart , CAE S 5 CEO, Intercax CEO, Dr. Dirk Zwemer Dirk Dr. for , CAD 4

quality manufacturing, and knowledgequality manufacturing, and - hread

platform, specifically RESTful web

T igital 10

58 . . , and databases; (2) lookup and query versioned models models versioned query and , (2) lookup and databases; 3 based simulation models) models) simulation based a D nabling a - E acturing transition, high , SCM 2

for

manuf

, ALM 1

Handler

Lifecycle

Dr. Manas Bajaj Dr.

. . Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 aided Engineering (referring to physics to (referring Engineering aided aided Design Design -aided - System th models; (3) compare and propagate changes in the connected models on a continuous basis; and basis; continuous on a models the connected changes in compare and propagate models; (3) ter

Chief Systems Officer, Intercax Officer, Chief Systems 9 elements participating in the digital thread, such as SysML thread, as the such digital participating in elements - integrate with other service providers in the digital thread. thread. digital the providers in other service with integrate -

to - de services to enable the global identifier system the de services to enable Proc. of the 9

Syndeia® = = www.intercax.com/syndeia Syndeia®

QIF = http://qifstandards.org/ http://qifstandards.org/ = QIF = http://www.mtconnect.org/ MTConnect SysML = Systems Modeling Language Language Modeling Systems = SysML Computer = CAD CAE = Compu standards of family 10303 ISO = STEP PLM = Product Lifecycle Management Management Lifecycle Product = PLM Management Lifecycle Application = ALM Management Configuration Software = SCM

MTConnect ready A key capability in the digital thread is a global identifier system, similar to the Distributed Object Identifierglobal Distributed to the identifiersystem, similar thread a is the in digital key capability A (models, artifacts locate address and uniquely to used be can today, that for documents used (DOI)system will HandlerThe system Lifecycle System thread. digital the resources) participating in hardware, and other provi

decision making decision Cloud Syndeia the Handler leverages The System Lifecycle 8 9 10 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 (4) visualize the complete state of the digital thread model federation in support of model of support federation in model thread digital the state the of complete (4) visualize and model In this presentation, we will share our vision and progress on the “System Lifecycle Handler” software Handler” Lifecycle platform “System the progress on share and ourwill vision thisIn presentation, we Handler Lifecycle The System formanufacturing. smart thread digital toa enable Intercax by being developed and modelingtools connecting engineering artifactsby in thread services to: provide a digital (1) create will enterprise asPLM repositories, such reuse. ABSTRACT that standards open methods developing and forThread project is Manufacturing” Smart “Digital The NIST enable to product of lifecycle a the across models supportcertifying, engineering and connecting validating, continuous- design seamless analysis, This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 - -

Model world MBE world MBE - ifecycle ifecycle

enter the enter the design

- a through a

, USA

difficult to communicate communicate difficult to Capvidia

Lafayette, IN, USA IN, Lafayette, DanielCampbell Purdue University Purdue University Michael D. Sangid Michael Sangid D. Characteristics

Sugar TX Land, (MFIN) West Lafayette, IN, USA IN, Lafayette, West West Saikiran Gopalakrishnan translate & interpret retranslate and/or & Network

Contextual and

59 Information

— — design intent more importantly and Behavioral

—

Feature

Product

, USA Based

Royce, and Siemens PLM. By involving end users, software vendors, and vendors, software end users, involving By PLM. and Siemens Royce, IN - product sustainment has changed very little in the last 15 years. The current The current 15 years. last littlethe in very changed has sustainment product

, USA

world workflows provided by end users. The objective is to provide real toThe provide is objective end users. by provided world workflows repair and overhaul data. This data is lacking meaningful connectivity to the to digital connectivity meaningful lacking is This data. data overhaul repair and

Based Definition (MBD) is design product geometry centric, typically containingtypically centric,geometry product design is Based Definition (MBD) DMDII - Capturing TechAzul

analysis tools, generate planning documents, generate high level measurement plans, generate level high tools, generate documents, planning analysis Mark NielsenMark

08:

Chicago, IL Nathan Hartman - Charlie Tokowitz Purdue University 08 project is addressing this problem by demonstrating the use of semantic PMI and the and the semantic PMI use of the demonstrating by problem this addressing project is 08 11 , JPEG,STEP, IGES, ASCII,QIF, MatML, etc.).This assortment of delivery formats is Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 West Lafayette, Lafayette, West 11- Hermosa Beach, CA, USA Hermosa Beach, th - 15-

art in Model art in - the - DMDII of MSC Software,MSC PTC, Rolls - Proc. of the 9

leaders in academic research, this project will bring the leaders in MBE research together with leading software software research leading together with bring MBE leaders the in project will research, this leaders academic in - real tocompanies address The diverse project team includes Lockheed Martin, Purdue University, Capvidia, Materials Data Management Data Management Capvidia, Materials University, Martin, Purdue Lockheed includes project team The diverse Inc., capture of materials characteristics at a part feature level and linking those behavioral characteristics behavioral those the to and linkingfeature level part characteristics a capture materials at of and part enhanced and MFINs, PMI semantic of links.theThrough use MFIN model via CAD features a in to data product sustainment and be production information, design intent, to linked featurewill definitions automate into inputs process. decision design the to loop feedback form a and to software tools and workflows to advance the digital thread formanufacturing. thread digital the to advance workflows toolssoftware and project. and ambitious thisfindings important and of review the progress current This will presentation thread, and access to this data is cumbersome at best. The reasons include both the complexity of the data of data the complexity the both include The reasons best. at this cumbersome is data to access thread, and fast is data,approaching which new of volume absolute the and stored, themust be data which models within year. Petabytes per The DMDII 15

data, causing their manufacturing processes to be labor intensive and prone to error. In addition to the re the to In addition error. to and prone labor intensive be to manufacturingtheir processes data, causing Product and tocontinues evolve, mechanicaldesign parts to (CAD) used software Computer Design Aided mechanical between transfer data the of but advance, to processes continue (PLM) Lifecycle Management designers,and manufacturing,

state l the product during captured data sustainment significant of design data, amounts the creation of material can include of data fullrange lifecycle This manufacturing. and from design both remains disengaged properties; design methods; manufacturing;analysis; measurement; inspection; certification test; field service; operations; maintenance; Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T), annotations, Bill of Material (BOM) and limited processing processing (BOM) and limited of annotations, Material Bill Tolerancing (GD&T), Geometric & Dimensioning of a comprised is today data (PMI). Information Build Manufacturing and information as Product stored formats,multiple files and disconnected many across spread documents and paper combination electronic of (i.e. PDF, HPGL transferunintelligently linked, making data and interpret. As a result, today’s manufacturers must review, manufacturerstoday’s result, a and interpret.As This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 orts leverage

Based Engineering Based s”. In many cases the the cases many PartIn s”. “ Jennifer Herron Action Engineering eamcenter). These type of software software of type These Teamcenter).

60 Bill Features of , annotations, attributes, and presentations states. A key key A y, annotations, presentations attributes, states. and cle Management (PLM) framework tools software the (PLM) cle Management and -

Based Deﬁntion is (MBD) the characteristics criticalto the ensure chitecture of data, creating logical relationships that free an enterprise freerelationships creating logical of chitecture thatenterprise an data, - and Knowledge analytics Data traditional ways. - design capabilities to create and manage and create to capabilities design - ” Centric Ryan Gelotte Ryan Gelotte - Action Engineering Part “ Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th some PLM PLM some the are associations how regardless of but structure CAD from derived a are initially EBOM’s The model. CAD the and logical “Part” PLM the between created associations there are made, geometr model the includes CAD part’s: In a world where digital where engineeringInmanufacturing quickly gaining a world there momentum, and an is is eﬀ EBOM (EBOM)”.“EngineeringincreasingtheOf focusMany Bill on Materials - Model to in data leverage item model data embedded the of to much leverage Itpossible is (end item). part quality produced of a Productat enterprise Lifecy the using a associated with that framework (e.g., Enovia, Windchill, Enovia, framework (e.g., that associated with systemslogicala ar build non in data to leverage leveraged. strategies be also can Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 ways have have

Model Based Model

as only being being as only

Age? it needs; some some needs;

, USA , USA symbol has been has symbol fidelity analysis, AL - Digital WA , , high the acknowledges the - all

Don FarrDon in Scott Haase

depicts a roughly sequential roughly a depicts

that Mukilteo up’ integration, verification and verification integration, and up’ Huntsville - The Boeing Company The Boeing Company The Boeing “feedback lines” to “close the “V”. down’ approach starting with high level high level with approach starting down’ symbol symbol . . Relevant design . “V” people incorrectlypeople interpret Still

horizontal horizontal It

any ttempts to address this perceived issue perceived this address tottempts

61 Is A . . - - tand Vee , the “V” (SE) Systems Engineering

dimensional, iterative process that evolves the system from the system process that evolves dimensional, iterative -

, USA , USA Engineering

CA , MO , ”: depicts implementation of the the of implementation ”: depicts

in the early 1990s early the in Hatakeyama

System Daniel Seal fails to clearly depict is that later activities on the “V” often provide learnings provide often “V” the activities on depict that is clearly fails later to

wide as a clear, relatively intuitive,frameworkfor understanding relatively instructive and as a clear, wide ottoms ‘b incremental depicts “V”: the of side - St. Louis Jason The s the. lifecycle The Boeing Company The Boeing Company The Boeing El SegundoEl and

ing contain “V” the of versions pdated - ‘top a progressive depicts “V”: the of and side a new depiction a new ecosystem, proposes Boeing (MBE) u

inclusion of these models into the “V” symbol generally result is a graphic that both is generally result a is symbol “V” the into models these ofinclusion symbol symbol Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 acros

ttempts have included the development of spiral development or agile process models. process agile or spiral development development of the included ttempts have th a requirements, through models, to the physical and virtual implementation and virtual thes physical throughrequirements, models, to Represent MBE as a multi Represent MBE validation ending with fielding of the product system thefielding product of validation ending with Right h Left h .for implementation design ready a detailed with conceptualization and ending “V the of Bottom

• • • • feedback enabled by MBE. Key tenets of this new depiction are: this new tenets of Key MBE. by feedback enabled theseaddress shortcomings, and to reflectbetter the complexity ofincreased a To Enterprise applicable to development of a “Product”, when in reality it should also be simultaneously simultaneously be also it reality should in when “Product”, to a applicable development of the with associated systems “Services and Support” “Production and System” d to applie the product further shortcoming theof “V” ol symb is thatA m verification and validation of system behavior. behavior. system of verification validation and resulted in Other However, to unders intuitive and less more complex that feedback into previous activities or even feed forward to change planned later activities. activities. later forwardchangeplanned feed to even feedback activities or previous that into of nt the developme heightened is by activity integrative this ‘missing’ to depict The need early that enable tools increasingly simulationling mode capable and What this aspects are common: aspects are the system development process. In general, the In process. the development system adopted industry development process that starts with concept exploration and requirements development requirementsdevelopment and concept exploration that starts with development process verification progressive integration, and design and implementation, pro through ceeding been While has it user. customer or the to the fielding system with of validation, and ending various emphasize or communicate to times across industry modified countless

ABSTRACT itsSince introduction Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 -

representation of SE that representation SE of

ecosystem that is multi thatecosystem is

MBE has identified potential options for a new for a new options potential has identified 62 is different by using MBE approaches. MBE using by different is

. . Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Flexible and tailorable for a wide variety of industry applications. of variety industry for wide tailorable and Flexible a Easy to understandEasy Communicate how the process Communicate how Show the lifecycle relationships that span the business in terms of Product, Production, terms Product, of in business the the lifecycle that relationships span Show Support. & and Service Reflect the integrated nature of each element in the life cycle, linked with inherent inherent with life linked cycle, the in each element of theReflect nature integrated elements. related to feedback

• • • • • lacks the expressive detail required for the adoption of an of adoption for required the detail expressive lacks the therepresentbetter To product domains. across multiple and iterative dimensional, integrated ecosystem, Boeing MBE interactions an complex of “MBE Symbol” and is soliciting industry feedback. soliciting Symbol” and is industry “MBE In summary, Boeing feels that the traditional “V” symbol is a linear symbol traditional “V” thefeels that Boeing In summary,

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

(CTQ) (CTQ)

for ”, proved ”, proved

Based 3D PDF is - digital 3D 3D digital act key

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inspire Hughes GE. Upcoming progression GE.Hughes Upcoming annotations manually or automat and inspection reports. Once the collaborations. Model the successes of pragmatic proven applications and learn the Attendees will preserved in a neutral STP format because not every supplier can read native CAD formats. Therefore the the formats.Therefore CAD supplier native can read every not format because STP neutral preserved a in machine- the selections of machining strategies, tools and setups, which can reduce the CAM programing time from programing time the CAM can reduce which setups, toolsmachining strategies, and the of selections extr to is GE Hughes Baker keyneed at Another human oversights. minutes and avoid tohours Quality To for CriticalOf Characteristics (BOC) Bill create a annotations and 3D fromcharacteristics the (CAM) software to automate the Numeric Control (NC) code generation by using Feature Based Machining Machining generation Feature using Based by (NC) code the Control Numeric software automate to (CAM) The (TBM). Machining Based Tolerance and (FBM) significantly. Multiple files can be attached to one 3D PDF to build a Technical Data Package (TDP) to (TDP) Data Package Technical a build to PDF 3D one to attached filescan be Multiple significantly. -s multiple and configuration configurations Furthermore, pecificcommunications. consolidate technical of the number reduce can document PDF compact The single PDF. into one 3D properties published are separate files to from manage hundreds todown one. chine ma to expand to step theis next GE, production in Hughes Baker at deployed PDF Following the3D consumption. model used consumption during production Based Enterprise internal suppliers manufacturing and

scope The project scope the solid values of the digital thread. It articulated both qualitative and quantitativequalitativeModel benefits of and both It articulated thread. digital the of the values solid

workflows. Sharing a similar vision, Baker Hughes, a GE company has been partnerin has been company GE Baker a vision, Hughes, similar workflows. Sharing a - Model the toapply SOLIDWORKS Chain. Supply the and Modeling, Procurement Inspection, Definition, Track and Model Practice Design Recommended ABSTRACT y,The NIST stud “ This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 To

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rather than geometries such as edges, middle planes or or planes middle geometries as edges, such than rather 64

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can be hardinterpret to canbe Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th consuming manufacturingconsuming issues due to GD&T errorscan be -

based Definition (MBD). ASME Y14.5- ASME based Definition (MBD). based differences and advantages, three of which will be shared in this presentation. this in will be shared which three of and advantages, differences based - - Ensure compliances with GD&T intelligences in GD&T Ensure with compliances Facilitate GD&T interpretations with automatic visual aids. automatic visual with interpretations Facilitate GD&T Define features rather than geometries directly and unambiguously. geometriesfeatures directly and than Define rather definitions definitions

Proc. of the 9

2. 3. 1. oriented requirements and recommendations are not completely accurate or appropriate in the 3D model3D the in accurate appropriate or are completely not recommendations requirementsoriented and - ased on the intelligent 3D features, MBD software built features, applications with 3D the MBD intelligentased on

GD&T standards that GD&T thespecify r For example, MBD. drawings2D and between differences GD&T the importantto discern become increasingly datasets. drawings intoconvert 2D MBD need to existing providers may manufacturers, and service suppliers The conventions. drawing 2D to mostly according written and designed were standards GD&T the However, 2D the other hand, the On space. ABSTRACT get what features production, are the in actual Additionally, functions. product deliver features circles, because machined inspected. or Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) is an engineering language widely used in both 2D drawings2D both used in widely language an engineering is (GD&T) Tolerancing Geometric and Dimensioning and Model Track and Model Practice Design Recommended solid GD&T practices. Therefore, it is highly recommended that MBD implementations recognize and leveragerecognize implementations that recommended MBD highly Therefore, it is practices. GD&T solid the model

In the 3D model space, features are more tangible and intelligent than on 2D drawings. I drawings. 2D thantangible on and intelligentfeatures more are space, model theIn 3D faces, hole or features widths as define such B to be able will Attendees be illustrated. will applications relevant 3D be discussed and requirements will GD&T model the of make use better practices. correct violations in small details which are prone to be overlooked by designers and inspectors. Therefore, inspectors. designers and by overlooked to be are prone details which correct small in violations costly or time GD&T ease the communications, MBD software applications can provide instant and intuitive visual aids which are aids which visual instantintuitive and software applications can provide easeMBD the communications, yet. drawings on 2D available feasible or not and MBD drawings 2D between differences GD&T important learn and practical the Attendees will This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

tor (component Assemblies

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Timothy Timothy N. Thomas 255 Deep Valley Drive Valley 255 Deep CADENAS PARTsolutions Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Strategy th

Rolling Hills Estates, Robust Proc. of the 9 components unique assemblies Manufacturersareoften (creators)have and producing physical who

design are environment, untraceable designers the become integrating over thatInhas, years, data today’s

In this presentation, you will learn a strategy to mitigate risks in an Enterprise created by the lack of standard standard of lack the by created Enterprise an in risks mitigate to strategy learn a will presentation, you this In component crea between information of handoff the exploring certification.and By part traceability challenges as compared to challenges the ofconsumers (OEM’s) those same components face. While creators integrate the partwell will the into consumer’s accuracy engineering and how fidelity, with concerned are most cost with concerned most be may consumers systems, manufacturer) and component consumer or integrator (OEMs), we will describe the minimum information needed needed information minimum the describe will we (OEMs), integrator or consumer component manufacturer) and through that transfer.

ABSTRACT The knees. its to Enterprise bring and will data rogue of proliferation continued This information. source to its and this also TDP, delivering a when dataauthority source (DOD)requires traceable Department Defense of parts. toapplies standard revision history. The area where these common interests intersect, from a Supply Chain perspective, where is theseThe Supply from where common intersect, interests area a history. revision fruition. Learn to comes (MBE) the Based Enterprise Model a larger of as part (MBD) Based Definition Model assemblies. MBD parts within standard leverage to needed model the informationof in minimum amount

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

ommunicate ommunicate

based definition baseddefinition

- , USA

NIST Jesse Zahner Purdue University Gaithersburg, MD West Lafayette, IN, USA IN, Lafayette, West Allison BarnardAllison Feeney based information sharing towards the the towards sharing information based based Product Definition Product based - -

66 based product definition (MBD) is used is to definition c (MBD) based product the common information model (CIM), which represents which model(CIM), common information the -

– –

based enterprise (MBE). Such an enterprise will find a will in itself enterprise an Such (MBE). basedenterprise -

, USA

Hartman, Ed.D. Hartman, NIST based, digital product data. Being able to leverage the communicative power to communicative leverage the able Being product digital data. based, - Extending and Evaluating the Model the Evaluating Extending and Purdue University Thomas Hedberg Thomas Gaithersburg, MD, USA Gaithersburg, MD, West Lafayette, IN Lafayette, West based definitions. Yet, manufacturing companies often express that they have a goal a have they that often express manufacturingcompanies Yet, definitions. based - Nathan W. Nathan W. dimensional information for an object. They contained information about materials, steps materials,steps They contained about information for object. an dimensional information Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Historically, technical drawings much contained more than information just the geometric Historically, –model (MIM) minimum information researchThisto sought investigation the identify Industrial practice is in a state of transition, away from the use of drawings towards the towards the drawings of use the from transition, away of state a in is Industrial practice th pounded upon later in this report, the impacts of contextual domain knowledge on the the on knowledge contextual domain of the impacts report, this in pounded upon later information inside of a model informationa of inside frompaper away moving well, transitionalstateas modeluse of across enterprise, especially an MBD the and accuracy of power communicative theto use be to is data what for agreement and understanding of lack a there is but chain, supply the and enforcementstandardsThus, of difficult, is development and the an in included MBD. model a to forswitching investment on return a document to theability and the depth off information provided by the MBD requires the the MBD understanding an of by provided information theand off depth the across information product of consumers authors various and the information of needs in lost often is thedefinition product digital in stored information critical enterprise.However, can processes communications the in that users a way defined in explicitly translation not or itconsume effectively. and information, and process production or history, version revision process, assembly forthe the which context in the on defined based implicitly thatwere information of other bits many not is information same that of much practice, industrial current In used. drawing was for replacement considered a often is model a though even model, digital captured a in a governed by loosely drawings was for creating technical the practice asdrawings. Just of creation with the case the is so standards, published to (or not) adherence company’s model approach is tenuous. approach is use of annotated 3D CAD models as a means of communication. Working as a representation a Workingas communication. means of as a models CAD 3D annotated useof model a a system, of or an object those information elements necessary within an MBD to effectively employ that model as a a employ thatmodel as to effectively an MBD those within elements information necessary this investigation, of course Over the each drawing workflow. in for technical replaceme a nt anotheremerged phenomenon those information items that are necessary for the workflows targeted in this study. As As for targeted that those this the in study. necessary workflows items information are ex minimum information the formed what is model information common the implementation of model discovered thisin project.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 67 Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

be requested was to requestedwas be

Elysium Inc.

Rich Eckenrode

DoD this means communication with the the with communication means this DoD

fferences.

. Archivable formats were also identified as required required identifiedformats as Archivable also were . of Validation/Verification (V&V) of the derivative files derivative (V&V) the of Validation/Verification of

. This causes the need for specific documentation to be forspecific be to documentation need the This causes . Cost Improvements ECN

reduce the “Cost of Change”. “Cost of the reduce Elysium Inc. Annalise Suzuki Annalise Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th While developing methods and processes to support MBE/MBD TDP definition, derivative definition, derivative TDP MBE/MBD support to processes methodsand developing While downstream of identified components were necessary as definitions files product CAD of (from Design) activitiesfor visualization elements TDPs. The of process of to comparedtofiles sourcebeing component determined be a needed the to able was that might TDPs in The V&V useof initial files.trust derivative these “Hanging practice of the design authority the (is) drawing was 2D the times when Duringthe level low quantity of sufficient a until changes on incorporating off to hold used Paper was “Hanging Paper” The Change. Engineering an executing to prior changes accumulated place. took to transition production as the into production plan incorporated the needed to be engineering command who is responsible for the product. The dollar amount will be the touch The will dollar amount product.for the responsible is engineering who command for accounting without is This accomplish. to task some have will who persons forall time process. the throughout inefficiencies or efficiencies various determine the integrity of derivative files. derivative of determine integrity the sometimes and range $30,000.00 the into run sometimes changes for Engineering Estimates the Design where dependstime on The of length span. time weeks of six four to can consume the by used products some For Authority resides. changes whatever “The plus for was Drawing product designthat the meansThis a authority were hanging on that drawing” manufacturing process. the created support to design product the in activity vital support a to out turned results V&V for the use extended An processes are activity incorporation the is Change process. vital This change lifecycle. of cost thanthe and optimal lessbe to deemed is designed the product as necessarywhen itself.the change of cost the outweighs not changing Change Engineering documented using typically Data are Technical to changes Official prior the after of of effort design. the release the Most only initial or (ECO,EC) OrdersECN like process. the within design Changes development design to release initial contained is These there. that happens activity baseline design some is there and happen trade studies for di production not but documented changes are results the how Incorporation and is Process the Change attempt illustrate what to will We V&V routines can to help While cost this change. the of ECO the of documentation the are in see we savings The cost This way. own their in improvement help in steps small these process, overall the small is in

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

anufacturing

Within Change there Proposal any

assigns dispositionmaterial of (Use that assigns

the engineer

Errors on Drawings and Models specifically for specifically M Models and Drawings Errors on

Tool Design Error Design Tool here included purposes is not available Material Instruction (WI) error Work Manufacturing Bill of Material (MBOM) Definition (MBOM) of Material Manufacturing Bill . Material specifications were incorrect or unavailable for manufacturing specificationsMaterial unavailable were or incorrect Run” testing. “Production identified not until Design was error Manufacturing issue production process safety End user safety user End identified changed, incorrectly Requirements or were

rporated ASAP rporated inco issue, need to safety If end user changes be due to is ASAP change If manufacturingto to place change be in is changes process process need issue, If stock needs to be scrapped, plan for new material and cut in date/line number of of number date/line in and cut material for new scrapped, plan be to needs If stock If stock needs modification, plan its modifications and cut in date/line number of number of modifications date/line in and cut its plan modification, If stock needs change the number of date/line in cut determine useable, is If existing stock If stock on ha is existing next higher next different many (How at change used to subject the item is Where be required that would change the Extent (scope) of Change Request submitted, routed to the person who determines the who of scope to Change the person submitted, the routed Request Engineer determines: justified. is If a change o o o Transition to Production (TTP) mistakes (TTP) Production to Transition o o o o Safety o Design mistakes where o and Field replacement/update need to be defined and incorporated ASAP and incorporated be defined to replacement/updateand Field need • • ASAP change • when change incorporated is when • • • • as is, Modify, Scrap) Modify, as is, • assemblies)? • • • • • • • • Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018

• • engineering change. • • • • • th Process Change Scoping (CR, Request is ECR) Change an Engineering Engineering processes when begin change forwarded be to will The CR can initiate CR. this anyone for consideration.submitted Usually of the validity the to determine manufacturing engineering engineering or someonein (ECB), Board Engineering Change the to change a propose to good cause there is request.If the proposed and document changes required the of determine scope the will someone ECB the to presentedbe will ECP This (ECP). Proposal Change Engineering an changesin orfor approval not. may be many of these activities, but these three comprise the root level of change in all all in change of level root the comprise three theseactivities, but these of many be may change proposals. the canapply You Delete.and Modify Add, types; three basic to changes All down boil to level. this that down required is definition change of any for are: Reasons change process improvement will allow us to semi automate the ECO documentation by reusing the by documentation the ECO semi us to automate allow process will improvement activities. from V&V report differences

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 (TDP

is updated is properly

TDP

70 Line” drawing was used to depict before and after after and before depict to used drawing was Line” reason and and reason

change. If the change is accepted, then the process flow flow thethen change process If accepted, is change. the

bly.

MBOM and request MRP run tothe the cut change into production in and request MRP MBOM Change Request is submitted to engineering. This request can be be requestThis can engineering. to submitted Change is Request The engineer rendition. napkin a even drawing or anything paper including assigned to the determine validity of the request looks at if determined to be viable then a a then viable tobe ifdetermined and created,change proposal is the change is scope the of the aspects of All determined. and determined changeare The ECP. the documented on and ECB the to presented is ECP with various shops to insure change cut in is peris plan in cut change insure to shops various with

Works Works with procurement/buyers to flow the change to suppliers to thechange flow to procurement/buyers with Works Plan QA incorporated their into are to changes insure QC department with Works Works with Configuration Management to Configuration Management insure with Works Leads the TTP plan through normal production normal through plan TTP Leads the and tools their review to programming CNC and Design Tool to orders Sends work Modifies ECN the approved Develops Submits the ECP and TTP planthe to ECB and TTP ECP Submits the If Approved… Prepares ECP for review ECB Prepares ECP Plans all actions required to TTP torequired actions all Plans

• • • • • • tapes to theincorporate changes required planning system • • • • • • • Design Engineering/Manufacturing Engineering)updated by • • • • • • • Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 • • th

of definitions after and before the of difference showing is ECN the of aspect important An “Red- a the past In assembly. or the part they will approve or approve disapprove will thethey begins to transition the change into the production environment. assem or the part images of

ECN complete The below. form shown the like represented be to used ECN The actual changed data and what was and ECP ER number the an assignedincludes with along ECN and why.

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 representation of the representation the of

Line” 71

Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th new revision on right. new haveautomatically an file we derivative definition, TDP for requirements thetoV&V Thanks change the within place took that changes of and attribute list graphical generated of set being is “Redrepresent- used to a The above image process. Red The change. completed the of generation automatic an Itis change. proposed ECP. the of the changes desired to depict annotations added were clearly graphics These forthe ECN. available that are visuals the more of are Below side, on left is Old part associatedthe PMI. model and CAD the to the represent changes

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

72 Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th The authors of this document also have examples available to demonstrate how easy it is it is easy to demonstrate how available examples have this document also The of authors

to complete activities permits downstream all ECN the changes an of show clearly to Being able the interpretation in of be saved will Time more accurately. and cheaper faster, their processes for designed were that processesmodification of easier aloe should completed change which from without scratch. revision starting the previous change the that check to routines V&V using while be discovered also will Unintended changes ECNs the of case that in found process this tested The who user completed defined. was as The followed. strict not modeling practices when are quickly evident are unintended changes It a also is the results. better the designer by controlled used practices and better more precise keepto unintended level designer the at routine (V&V) documentation ECN the run to good idea flush this to out checkers had human boardthe we drawingsWhen did on we changes check. in issue. change. the of end the model at the MBD propagate changes unintended to have a document using the ECN be to modified can be process V&V from the was what The report be small in will improvement cost the think We generation process. the PDF templatespecial in handfulincorporation Sometimesprocess. a the change to related things of grandthe scheme process better. the entire to help make will improvements of small managers mightDesign like Thereimprovementhardadded quantify. an that is sometimes to is thisgained method. using that clarity in is the improvement

Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 sare win for all for all win term goals -

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new process gain acceptance processgain acceptance new and

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based methods. Some implementations have been successful, some successful, some been Some have methods. implementations based TDP360 LLC Barriers

Bryan R. FischerBryan Sherwood, ORSherwood, Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 How to be successful with MBD and MBE to MBD be successful with How The dilemma crystal ball the past Looking at back for to MBD plan How Understanding timeframes barrier Real and perceived barriers and perceived Real – barriers Causes of th any companies are interested in MBD and MBE and many companies have tried have to companies many and anyMBE and companies are interested MBD in

•

• • • M • barrier surprising,as Thisbe not should MBE. and barriers many to MBD There are address This will presentation • • don’t people understand at ultimateMBE, and goals. leastMost the goalsnot the MBD of plementation.

Executive summary: Executive summary: implement model- abandoned. successful and not were and some moderate success, shown implementations have at attempts meaningful starting even stifled organizations has within inertia cases, many In played also have MBE of benefits goalsand ultimate the about Misconceptions implementation. cases. these of many a role in are confused with the final goal. The perceived value of these interim goals falls short of what’s falls goals what’s short of theseof value interim The perceived finalgoal. the arewith confused continuing ortoward justify moving benefitto perceived insufficient provide and may possible im Many people see the small steps or incremental improvements possible as their goal. In the the In goal.their as improvements possible incremental or steps small see the people Many interim where is short MBE and author’sfailure MBD of mode significant opinion, a usually encountered when trying to introduce or implement any change in a business business a in change any implement introduce or to encounteredtrying usually when general,Inpeople not. beneficialor tobe seems change the whether true Thisis environment. to a help Oneway it. accept hesitantbe to may don’tlike or change, - a proposition,win show outbenefits, possible, the value to the lay and if is clearly there,get to change However, to offer involved. all benefits and MBE Ininvolved. the MBD end, to relate changes software, some to relate changes some minor, are changes Some needed. is and perceptual. behavioral are changes some infrastructure, and affect changes hardware, some and vision, commitment, are needed mainchanges the budget, a Overall,besides having and MBE. goals MBD of the recognizing and accepting Proc. of the 9

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hread standards T igital igital

code modifications for OMM, raw stock raw formodifications OMM, code - ases for D for ases C 74 NIST the Dimensional Metrology Standards Consortium Standards Consortium Metrology Dimensional the se U John Horst John Horst D Gaithersburg, M easurement easurement M

– metrology – in one and n model widely adopted. The same semantic information for OMM is written written is OMM for information semantic same The adopted. widely model n machine -

On have formed group tothata joint active have currently is and model identify OMM working – – Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th application of quality operations at all points in the manufacturing process, on- manufacturing including the quality in operations points all application of at en shown to reduce machining time, scrap, and other other and time, scrap, machining reduce to measurement shown machine (OMM), has been digital thread standard. (DMSC) The measurements, cleaning & cooling system commands, swarf measurements, temperature temperature measurements, swarf commands, system cooling & measurements,cleaning use OMM to necessary models,are interim part measurements,measurements, humidity and cases. In terms theof type of manufacturing operation, a depth-first approach taken,is limiting the scope created have DMSC the and Institute MTConnect The operations. machine turning and milling to models within digital respective theirOMM group test,define,to jointa disseminate and working varying been implemented processes to already have OMM and QIF. standards, MTConnect theall a lack of varietywith of solution providers, manufacturers and a wide and degrees by standard informatio both to costly is that language of confusion a causing languages, digital multiplein proprietary informationend users providers, a widelyfor OMM in and solution and calling defined information. The MTConnect Institute’s MTConnect specification and the DMSC’s ANSI Quality ANSI DMSC’s the specification and MTConnect Institute’s The MTConnect information. providing cost currently are Schema, XML in defined both standard, (QIF) Information Framework To worldwide. operations manufacturing many in implementation their through saving benefits many descriptions of detailed offer we organizations, fromstandards the requirement thissatisfy example, case. For use the each execute to required information expose use cases, which OMM G machinetool offsets, as information such elements, costsfor forhigh certain there important use cases, materials cost example, where and are parts.complex machine, has a long history. Manufacturers worldwide continue to perform quality measurement quality measurement perform to continue worldwide Manufacturers history. long a machine, has thethroughoutproduct whereverlifecycle,and points select parts activitieson at equipment and responsibility. and safety, cost, quality, throughput, optimizing so, to do best it seems whenever define themachinewe as physical workspace tool, which within a Measurements of performed on- it that expected is age, digital thread the in digital operations toare OMM herestay, Since accurate, use cases that is require OMM to would unique information standardsorganizations informationrelevant,thatOMM into find comprehensive, detailed, and will the ensuring its way machiningin – standardsgroups, two one relevantinteroperability standards.In particular, – MTConnect Institute Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

(MTC) .

Pinnock -

David Ross David Coventry, Warwickshire, UK Coventry, Manufacturing Technology Centre Manufacturing Technology agencies and research partners around the the around partners research agencies and

K. K. , U , U

Computer Aided Inspection and Quality Inspection and Aided Computer

Toby Maw Toby James Whicker Coventry, Warwickshire Coventry, Coventry, Warwickshire Coventry, Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC) Manufacturing Technology Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC) Manufacturing Technology

world. This presentation will focus on efforts towards the integration of the product lifecycle product lifecycle the of the integration towards focuswill on efforts This presentation world. It will MTConnect. and (QIF) Framework Information Quality the as standards, such using data for the development opportunities to lead discussalso challenges, implementation which facilitatethe to PMI and ofsuitability CAD raise to the communities standards software and future requirements forindustries’ Digital Planning. Measurement

Effective quality control requires the combination of design, manufacture and measurement measurement manufacture and of design, quality combination control requiresthe Effective and handled being areas currently are these across data Throughout industry, domains. This of lack expertise. domain own their focus on each departments that individual processed by difficult it and makes chain from process the knowledge usable of theintegration creation limits to make global improvements. cess pro potential the to unlock begin to is MTC the digital team at the engineering the of aims One of last the 5 data. Over manufacturing design results with and combiningbenefitsfrom inspection group of a large with working projects this collaborative several area, in run has years, MTC the providers, standards industrial software end users, information share that can and those full process chain the cover Digital now technologies criticalthe One of tosignificant industry. value of that workflows are stagescan enable between product and CAD of making use Based Definition (MBD) Model is enablers this to and manufacturing the metrology provides downstream which manufacturing (PMI), information information. design traceable 3D processes with Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 -

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Quality InformationQuality (QIF) Framework standard minimize uncertainty, i.e., same conditions result in same action(s). Rule types have been have types action(s). Rule same result in conditions uncertainty, same minimize i.e., Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018

Model suppliers. Rules types in this presentation are templates to ensure interoperability among interoperability ensure to templates this are presentation in types Rules suppliers. th guides

model represents key operations and information flow in dimensional measurement. dimensional flow in information operations and key model represents During process planning, product Manufacturing Information (PMI) are used (PMI) are Information Manufacturing process planning, product During d a computer Rule As measurement resources are getting more capable, accurate, and complex, manufacturing industry complex, accurate, and gettingmore capable, are resources As measurement - Model in important elements are Process plans , an activity Proc. of the 9

selection of dimensional measuring equipment used in dimensional measurements based on the part design part the on measurements based dimensional in measuring used equipment selection dimensional of a in used hardware of type any measuring equipment is requirements.and measurement Dimensional gages, probe fixtures, probes, measuring machines, coordinate for example, measurement process, components needed the instruments include all having devices tips. Measurement probe extensions, styli, and go/nogages,- block Gages theodolite. include tracker, and scanner, laser for measuring e.g., parts, characteristics, dimensional geometric and on based is The selection gages. bore gages,depth and be measured. to theof part datums tolerances, and resources measurement measured, tofeatures be characteristics what of and describe determining activities be presented. also rule will types selection measurement equipment conformity.selection, Dimensional and The rules selection with shareequipment capture, and toformats exchange, with standard industrial provide users also will presentation This requirements.and measurement information on design their collaborators, based and complex functionally using measurement process a to plan can use rules of that examples users provide for rule developing a basis model activity provides This measurement equipment. dimensional capable highly Information(QIF) standard. Quality theFramework part of astypes a needs to have deeper knowledge on selecting measurement resources so that measurement resourcethat measurement so resourcesmeasurement selecting knowledge on deeper have needs to will presenter the thisIn presentation, automated. selection can be

system demonstration are an inspection planning sys planning an inspection demonstration are customers and proof A systems. execution and inspection measurementdesign, planning, dimensional dimensional and equipment featurerules how show inspection demonstration will These rules conform to conform These rules developed in the in developed based enterprise, design and process plan information should be sharable with suppliers in a supply chain. supply suppliers a in with sharable be should information plan and process based enterprise, design dimensional includes rules. Process planning of set a is plan One an inspection major of component resource measurement and measurement strategy also planners. different Rules and among spans time across consistent make plans planning to automation and dimensional measurement tolerances. guides metrologists

ABSTRACT

For For design specifications. example,to manufacturing conform and inspected manufactured part can be process plan This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 - tion measurement

contact contact measurements -

, USA DMDII

- based based artifacts and processes by Scott Scott Kruse - UI LABS UI LABS Chicago, IL Chicago, e quality of sourced components pre components sourced of quality e

Decker, American Siemens, (North Die Decker, NADCA Casting 77

in the storage and analysis of 3D measurement data sets, data measurement 3D of analysis and storage the in on on data provided by 2 the Tier manufacturer side by side ed ed to CMMs. The manufacturing QC was performed by

s perspective. From the Tier 1 side, OEM this Tier s the From perspective. ’ ly ly validate and verify model ack & lable lable to be transferred to the Tier 1 OEM via secure cloud. The company. - tion effective - : Stanley Bl

time.

- life The production parts. studies were performed in a way that one automated - impact impact workforce in automation, robotics, 3D, and data science, while minimizing Quality Control (QC) across Supply Chain Supply across Control (QC) Quality - real companies, but intra but companies, - Mingu Kang Mingu Batavia, IL, USA Batavia, ARIS Technology ARIS value, value, high Automatically Calibrated & Collected 3D Scan Data used for used Data Scan 3D Collected & Calibrated Automatically - Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 ent ent is repeated, implying and the stability, flexibility, portability in utilizing automated robotic 3D th machined machined die cast parts) were measured using one system, showing the seamless connectivity of - Proc. of the 9 Association), Chicago White Metal Casting, Mitsubishi Electric, Creaform, Solutionix Creaform, Electric, Mitsubishi Casting, White Metal Chicago Association), which can be directly compared across the supply chain the supply across compared can be directly which Create high educa and of training the complexity utilizing automated robotic 3D scanning 3D robotic automated utilizing Link design, manufacturing, and quality by performing calibrated automatically non resulting environments), measurement various (in Manufacturers Manufacturers can simply and cost It It is an important note that both incoming inspection (supply QC of die cast parts) and outgoing inspec (post just inter data not accessed remotely from accessed the remotely component buyer can be connected to MES (Manufacturing Execution System), so that supplier QC results can inform the real in decisions chain supply The original CAD and the raw 3D scan data is saved at the edge of the Tier 2 for security, and the QC results created. QC have they results inspection QC with the and security, for 2 Tier the of edge the at saved is data scan 3D raw the and CAD original The in a form of QIF and visual PDF are avai be and server secure a on saved easily be can data QC manufacturing the that showed results QC supplier The supplier QC results at the Tier 1 OEM can use the same measurement process to collect 3D scan data scan 3D collect to process measurement same the use can OEM 1 Tier the at results QC supplier The on the sourced part from the Tier 2 supplier. By collecting measurement data with the same process, the 1 Tier OEM can reliably compare the QC inspecti to setup the first article inspection (FAI) compar comparing the collected automatically 3D scan make data this against the annotated CAD design To data. OEM. the by shared prints 2D the annotated using was CAD the original automated, fully process entire The The manufacturing QC results showed highly precise measurement, which measurem can be replicated when the scanning for The inspection. manufacturing QC results also showed 75%+ cost savings in engineer hours components before shipping, and supplier QC to verify and validate th validate and verify to QC supplier and shipping, before components 1 Tier a with supplier 2 manufacturing Tier a between the relationship This exhibits assembly. machining or OEM. ARIS ARIS has performed automated robotic 3D scanning at UI Labs for the die additive manufactured casted, CNC machined, and robotic 3D QC scanning manufacturing system emulated to verify and validate the quality of manufactured Contributing Contributing Parties for the Study • • Impacts to the Digital Transformation with an Integrated Lifecycle: withIntegrated an Transformation the Digital to Impacts • • • • • • Project Description: This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 - - the - the - in MM

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MBD TechAzul Mark NielsenMark Hermosa Beach, CA, USA Hermosa Beach, Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th

to highly automate these tasks. This automation lowers costs by significantly costs by This lowers automation tasks. these automateto highly It previously. also risksthe identified programs, of eliminating some and CMM spent creating otherthan data ways in organization their to value to add engineerskilled the frees up user minimal assistance, program, created with be a CMM resultsThe would transcription. best corporate requirementsmeasurement and to uncertainty according optimized is which human- unpredictable reliance on less spent, time benefitspractices.Overall are: less process which prone error and a tedious, consuming, time currently programming is CMM GD&TThe product quality skilled engineer. a highly involvement of requiresthe active thefromsoftware programming CMM transcribed the manually into to be requirements need product drawing This model. or takes an program CMM the quality of thatis further the risk transcription errors. A interpretation or operator. time The the CMM and expertise of knowledge, reliant skill, on the created heavily is manufacturing tocost enormous unnecessary to add up thisin process risks involved spent and industry. - machine leveraging direct By a C model, CAD the in semantic PMI Using and optimized. automated process can be simulation, statemeasurement- uncertainty and processes. organizational reliance on encoded greaterloop, and will This presentation now. is technology forthis The time shelf software tools, highly automated CMM workflows are ready for industry. Pilot projects at for projects Pilot industry. at ready areworkflows automated CMM shelf tools, highly software traditional workflows be explained, of including comparisons large manufacturing will enterprises reduction. time to process due savings cost workflow, and estimated thisto MBE Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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ion (SAI) for Smart Smart for (SAI) ion time and solution quality. and solutiontime quality. based operational control control basedoperational - physical system components physical - Technology Conrad Bock Institute of Standards and Institute Standards and of Model

Gaithersburg, MD, USA Gaithersburg, MD,

National National ing integration methods provid analysis - accessible and integratedand accessible support tools. Operational control

79 time delivery (oress), tardin and delivery time cost. successful development and deployment of model of development and deployment successful

Standard system models can be used to define to define be used models can system Standard - offs between algorithm- run between offs analysis methods and algorithms (SAI libraries). These (SAI libraries). algorithms methods and analysis

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Gaithersburg, MD methodolog required,ich wh specific engineering analysis information, and integrating it with existing unified existing unified information, with specificintegrating it analysis and engineering - support tools. making. These standard operational control models identify: the identify: controlmodels operational Thesestandard making. Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Model analysis methods integrate system models with many kinds of analysis models, such models,kindsanalysis methods such of with integrate many models analysis system - th based operational control methods in its Systems Analysis Integrat Analysis Systems controlmethods its in based operational National Institute of Standards and Institute StandardsNational and of - as scheduling, are responsible for optimizing the flow of items through a system, such as as such through a system, items flow of the forresponsible optimizing are scheduling, as Designing and optimizing operational control for smart manufacturing and logistics systems is manufacturing logistics is systems forDesigning smart operational and and optimizing control

Performance of smart manufacturing and logistics systems is impacted by the quality the by impacted is systems logistics manufacturing and smart Performance of The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) addressing is Technology InstituteStandards and The of National U.S. The project identified three componentsThe of three project identified Standard models of operational controlmodelsStandard of supportcyber operational design of challenging due their scale, including many control decisions based on a large quantity of system system quantity of large a decisions based on control many including scale, their challenging due automation. to smart Implementing precision support and detail needed feedback, and additional execution sources, information heterogenous by hampered often is systems operational control floormechanismsactuators), - (shop and decision execution

ABSTRACT (optimality) of decisions made by the operational control system. Operational control methods, control methods, Operational control system.operational the made(optimality) by decisions of such measured be can resources. Performance of system utilization materials, and and jobs, products, time,throughput,on cycle metrics as by such - decision s decision that execute complex control tasks, as well as integration of logic/algorithms to support control control support to logic/algorithms of as integration as well tasks, control complex that execute - decision based operational control: a standard model of operational control, analysis models and tools tools models and operational analysis control, of model standard a control: based operational properly implement model Manufacturing Operations discipline systems modeling techniques, enabling manufacturers and solution providers to design and to and design manufacturers solution providers enabling modeling and techniques, systems cheaper. and faster systems manufacturing operatesmart methods use a common representation of the system under control (system model) to integrate integrate (systemrepresentation to model) system control the methods under of use a common ways other in and/or represented defined already information of multiple sources heterogenous System discrete simu event lation. required (or standard integrations of predefin of standarded integrations automated, inexpensive access to those analysis tools. analysis those toaccess automated, inexpensive resolution, librariesavailability, methods addressing include such as information common issues as as well balancing trade- fidelity, and Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 based based methods based methods - . . can be integrated with integrated with can be control logic (algorithms) simulation

processes themselves, the vision of this project this of project vision the themselves, making

validate and

80 require significant time and expertise to manually manually to expertise and time significant require simulation models simulation )designtest process to - (re based methods to enable routine and inexpensive simulation- inexpensive and routine enable to methods based based methods based - - duringthe - decision control and design operational simulation

also also system. Simulation the to fidelity before deploying simulation Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 - th applied routinely While most

enable methods will analysis supporting and models Standard system to be in a highin support. decision online provide to optimization heuristic and methods the models,construct analysis especially model automated use to is to supportanalysis Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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ith Toshiaki T w Summary Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 Proposal th easurement and can be regarded as a bottle neck in realizing MBE throughout manufacturing processes. manufacturing processes. throughout realizing MBE in neck bottle a regarded as be and can automatedmanufacturing realize guideline testing of to process and a utilizing propose We (MBD). data annotated CAD 3D tolerances of define method to 3 besttolerancethe geometric phase, In is product design shape unambiguously. It is important to define geometric tolerance for all features in 3D CAD CAD 3D in features for all tolerance geometric define to important is It shape unambiguously. generaltoleranceforthat geometric of purpose. propose way and we a new data effectively, referring tolerance with a datum surface profile on based system. is Our approach Tolerance Withthis approach, system. fromdatum a distance determinedfeatureby for is each value canachieved be that tolerances representing annotations with numberof can minimize we general ISO 2768 geometric ISO, toleranceprocess. in manufacturing Current usual by is well known to have technical problems and now considered to be withdrawn. to considered and now problems technical have to known well is X or scanning laser like methods measurement Contactless because only not This is tolerance.general by for specified features especially shape, 3D doesn’t it because also but part, surface a of overall evaluate measurementcontactless can the On methods. forother arenecessary that measurement of arrangements many require are measurement contactless of procedures processing data measurement and other hand, M Executive Executive

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Test proposed method with practical parts method with proposed Test Create guidelines or collect best practices of measurementprocesses practices of best guidelines collect Create or Contribute to international standardization activities of standardizationContributethistoour activities arena international with achievements omy, Trade Trade and Industry. of Economy,

Filtering Measure workpiece by digitizer workpiece by Measure Remover outliers Register point cloud and CAD data with best fit best data with CAD Register and cloud point Extract point cloud for datum calculation with removing unreliable data around sharp sharp around data unreliable removing with calculation for datum cloud point Extract on. fillets and so edges, small Calculate datum features composing datum system with applying a filter a applying with system datum composing features Calculate datum features datum using datawith CAD Register and cloud point Evaluate Evaluate general geometric tolerances surfaceof profile geometric individually specified tolerances Evaluate Ray CT and CMM. The measurement results are compared, and concluded that that concluded and compared, results are measurement The CMM. and CT Ray

- Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018

th 3. 1. 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. (1) (2) (3) not standardized, so point cloud data itself and result of evaluation based on it are it are based on evaluation result of and itself data cloud point not so standardized, for testing unreliable purpose. toconsidered be We propose a standard method of processing point cloud data acquired by conta point method data cloud ctless by a standard acquired processing propose of We measurement method. Outline of the procedure is: Next steps Next are: We prepared test pieces and measured them by three different commercial laser scanners, scanners, lasercommercial three different by them and measured pieces test prepared We one X 20 be within can above methods measurement among difference proposed procedure.

This activity is based on Japanese electronics industry group called JEITA (Japanese (Japanese based is onJEITA industryThis group Japanese electronics called activity Japanese funded by Association) and Industries Technology Information Electronics and Ministry Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22

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Product acceptance from a Model Based Definition (MBD) has been one of the primary primary the of one been has (MBD) Definition Based a Model from Productacceptance industry, company, or function and there is no known standard that defines product characteristics defines standard that known no there is function and or company, industry, MBE a common defining toward continue progress the This will presentation approach. for a MBE persistent digital a for both recommendations review characteristicsfor and lexicon product readable symbology. identification human and a can be implemented to define specific techniques and sampling plans. The specific verification and samplingtechniques plans.to specific can define be implemented associated automatically be can probe CT or CMM scan, point manual, visual, as method such These generated.that (ISIR)Initial Report is or Sample Inspection FAI theto in item each line - process in quality the streamline and simplify to and organized colored be methods can sent to an external supplier in an easy an in external supplier tosent an elements, then a complete inspection report can be produced automatically. A common excel excel common A automatically. be produced can report inspection complete a then elements, annotations fortagged the each model showing the images of with be produced spreadsheet can report. Inspection (FAI) Article First a framework of the create to the item BoC line in product characteristic that can be evaluated in first article and production inspections is a critical firstinspectionscritical a is in productionand productarticle evaluated characteristic that can be manufacturingwe (PMI), information product & correct withsemantically a MBD, Using enabler. of organize Bill geometrical and dimensional to tolerances theinto show easily a ability will for inspection. item a line as product tagged characteristic Characteristics(BoC), listing each Furtherrefinement made is by appropr manufacturing, function) and the criticality area of definition using special symbology in the model. the in definition symbology special using of criticality area and the function)manufacturing,

* The Department of Energy’s Kansas City National Security National City Kansas Energy’s of Department The * product acceptance can be performed from an authorized part defining model is a critical driver critical a is model part defining authorized from an be performed can product acceptance end an determining Furthermore, investment. on return maximum MBE achieving toward ABSTRACT inhibitorsfor moving towards Model model foradvocate MBE. Proc. of the 9

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Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th associated with the model topology of all pattern members. While all of the CAD applicationsWhile oﬀ CAD the of members. pattern all topology all of model associated the with selection capabilities to e deﬁnition annotated member each have rather but a pattern model as the to annotate not is this issue rest of of the independently Products across all industries include parts with patterns of features where the quantity of pattern quantity pattern of the where features of patterns with parts Products industries include across all large. semantic accepted annotation standards, a Following members MBD be extremely can pat to a thatquality applies characteristic tolerancedimension or quality and inspection applications inspection qualityand linking the semantically fact, In times. many characteristic, thatone therepatterned is recognize thetopatter deconstructto tasks additional oftenentireis timesundesirable due topology pattern characteristic to be validated. This is also not desirable especially when working with large large desirable workingwhen with especially This not also is characteristic validated.to be patterns. forfully leverage models members to consumption across downstream CAD all necessary is industries. Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 86 Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Proc. of the 9

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 Joseph, 57 Roby, 29 Kong, 20 Toby, 75 Ryan, 5 Adrian, 52 Adrian, 55 Mark, 59, 78, 84 Howard, 5 Zhigang, 56 Thomas, 49 Chris, 20 Gregory, 55 Scott, 50 Svetan, 12 Christopher, 16 Matt, 6 David, 75 Jarek, 29 Christopher, 29 David, 12 Michael, 59 Lopez Lynn Ma Maw Mills Miura Murton Nielsen Owens Pan Parks Peters Pollari Ragon Ratchev Ricigliano Robinson Ross-Pinnock Rossignac Saldana Sanderson Sangid Martin, 39 Gregory, 20, 34 Daniel, 20 Nathan, 59, 66 Jason, 61 Thomas, 20, 66 Thad, 2 Jennifer, 60, 65, 81 Anthony, 34 Rupert, 53 John, 74 Rendell, 20 Masatomo, 7 Hadi, 63 Philip, 54 Mingu, 77 Bruce, 49 Don, 3 Scott, 77 Ryan, 47 Thomas, 4, 29 Josh, 6 Marc, 51 Scott, 61 Hardwick Harris Hartman Hatakeyama Hedberg Henry Herron Holden Hopkins Horst Hughes Inui Jafari Jennings Kang Kaplan Kinard Kruse Kuhns Kurfess Langsfeld Lind Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Manas, 58 Allison, 66 Nathan, 25 William, 16 Conrad, 79 Curtis, 52, 81, 84 Daniel, 59, 78, 81 Jack, 12 Anthony, 50 Mark, 54 Gerald, 46 Rich, 68 Don, 61 Shaw, 76 Bryan, 73 Kevin, 20 Tomohisa, 7 Ryan, 60, 85 John, 25 Saikiran, 59 David, 1 Daniel, 34 Barnard Feeney Beals Bernstein Bock Brown Campbell Chaplin Davenport Debbink Deren Eckenrode Farr Feng Fischer Fujinuma Gelotte Gerdes Gopalakrishnan Gregory Haase Proc. of the 9 Bajaj Abernathy Index of Authors

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22 Asa, 5 Scott, 49 Tommy, 29 Tatyana, 53 Russell, 43 Roy, 20, 34 Oboe, 63, 64 Jesse, 66 Dirk, 58 Trainer Truitt Tucker Vidrevich Waddell Whittenburg Wu Zahner Zwemer Eric, 25 Timothy, 79 Rick, 2 Anthony, 34 Annalise, 68 Hiromasa, 82 Toshiaki, 82 Timothy, 65 Dick, 49 Charlie, 59 Spero Sprock Steiner Still Suzuki Takahashi Thomas Tiano Tokowitz Model-Based Enterprise Summit (MBE 2018), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, April 2-5, 2018 th Brian, 57 Jonathan, 5 Daniel, 61 Nigel, 55 Jeff, 20 Joseph, 50 Shaurabh, 6, 43 William, 6 Atsuto, 82 Mukul, 29 Scott Seal Shaw Shubrooks Simmons Singh Sobel Soma Proc. of the 9 Schouten Sati

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AMS.100-22