THE RISE and FALL of LILCO's NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAM by Karl Grossman-2
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THE LONG ISLAND HISTORICAL f JOURNAL I "Startingfrom fish-shape Paumanok where I was born... Walt Whitman Fall 1992 Volume 5 * Number 1 PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK copyright 1992 by the Long Island Historical Journal ISSN 0898-7084 All rights reserved Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. The editors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Office of the Provost and of the Dean of Social and Behavioral Sciences, USB. We thank the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education, USB, the Long Island Savings Bank, and the Long Island Studies Council for their generous assistance. We appreciate the unstinting cooperation of Wilbur R. Miller, Chair, Department of History, USB, and of Joel T. Rosenthal and Fred Weinstein, his predecessors. We owe a special vote of thanks to Richard C. Koch and staff, Graphic Support Services, USB, and PatriciaA. Foster and staff, Publications Office, USB, for their indispensable help in designing and printing the LIHJ. We also thank Jeanne Pandolfo, Health Sciences SINC Center, USB for her splendid cooperation. The Long Island Historical Journal is published twice a year, in May and November. Yearly subscriptions are $15.00, single copies $8.00. Address articles, correspondence, books for review, and subscriptions to: The Editor, LIHJ Department of History University at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794-4348 We publish original studies of any aspect of Long Island history. Submit manuscripts in duplicate (no carbons) on 8 1/2" x 11" stock, double spaced, with generous margins, and written on only one side of each page. If possible, also submit an IBM or Apple MacIntosh-compatible disk. Notes should be numbered consecutively, assembled at the end of the text, and modeled on the examples given in the Chicago Manual or Turabian. The Long Island Historical Journal Editor: Roger Wunderlich, USB. Associate Editor: Richard P. Harmond, St. John's University. ResearchAssistant: Thomas D. Beal, USB. Editorial Board: Floris B. Cash, USB; Eric E. Lampard, USB; Wilbur R. Miller, USB; Geoffrey L. Rossano, Salisbury School; Joel T. Rosenthal, USB: Eli Seifman, Center for Excellence and Innovation in Education; Donald E. Simon, Monroe College; William R. Taylor, USB; Carol A. Traynor, Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities; Fred Weinstein, USB; Luise Weiss, Middle Country Public Library. Advisory Board: Barbara Mazor Bart, Walt Whitman Birthplace Assoc.; Susan L. Battley, USB; Antonia Booth, Southold Town Historian; Wallace W. Broege, Suffolk County Historical Society; Edwin G. Burrows, Brooklyn College; Hugh G. Cleland, USB; Robert E. Cray, Jr., Montclair State College; Marlyn H. Dalsimer, Adelphi Univ.; Mildred M. DeRiggi, Glen Cove Historical Society; Roger B. Dunkerley, Suffolk Marine Museum; Elizabeth Ewen, SUNY College at Old Westbury; Dean F. Failey, American Furniture & Decorative Arts, Christie's; John A. Gable, Theodore Roosevelt Assoc.; Doris Halowitch, Smithtown Library; John A. Hewlett, Half Hollow Hills School District; Kenneth T. Jackson, Columbia Univ.; Deborah Johnson, Museums at Stony Brook; David M. Kahn, Brooklyn Historical Society; Barbara M. Kelly, Long Island Studies Institute, Hofstra Univ.; Paul E. Kerson, Queens Historical Society; Gerald S. Kessler, Friends for Long Island's Heritage; Susan E. Klaffky, museum consultant; Ned C. Landsman, USB; Rufus B. Langhans, Huntington Town Historian; Frederick S. Lightfoot, Greenport; Robert B. MacKay, Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities; Gary M. Marotta, Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana; Mary Anne Mrozinski, Rufus King Manor; John G. Peterkin, Cedar Swamp Historical Society; John W. Pratt, USB; Alice Ross, USB; Stan Rubenstein, Henry George School of Long Island; Sr. Joan Ryan, St. Joseph's College: Vincent F. Seyfried, Garden City Historian; Edward J. Smits, Nassau County Historian; Gaynell Stone, Suffolk County Archaeological Association; John A. Strong, Long Island Univ., Southampton Campus; Francis J. Turano, USB: W. Burghardt Turner, USB; Evert Volkersz, Special Collections, USB Library. Cover: Anti-nuclear power plant demonstration at Shoreham, 3 June 1979. Photograph by Karl Grossman. ABANK BYANYOTHER NAME... You could call us a people bank, a 48-branch 115 -year old bank, You could call us a savings bank, a checking bank, an IRA bank. You could call us a mortgage bank or a home equity line of credit bank. You could call us a home improvement loan bank, a car loan, a boat loan and vacation loan bank. You could call us a neighborhood, community- spirited, community-involved, community- committed bank. You could call us a Queens, Nassau and Suffolk County bank. And you'd be right... But by any other name, you can call us Long Island Savings Bank, for short. LQNG ISLAND Our name says it all. 1l TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL COMMENT-1 THE RISE AND FALL OF LILCO'S NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAM By Karl Grossman-2 RECREATION VS. WASTE DISPOSAL: THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF JAMAICA BAY By R. L. Swanson, Anne S. West-Valle and Cynthia J. Decker-21 WHEN GREAT SOUTH BAY FROZE OVER: GLEANINGS FROM THE BAYMEN'S ORAL HISTORY GROUP (PART 1) By John M. Kochiss-42 State of the Island THE HISTORY OF APPLE, A PROGRAM PLANNED FOR LIFE ENRICHMENT By Carol Parker-57 A WEATHERCASTER'S SURVEY OF LONG ISLAND'S CLIMATE AND HISTORIC STORMS By Norm Dvoskin-67 TWO JAPANESE NEW RELIGIONS IN FLUSHING: THE TENRIKYO MISSION AND THE NICHIREN SHOSHU DAIHOZAN MYOSETSU TEMPLE By Marleen Kassel-81 High School Essay Contest Winners WHICH CAME FIRST: THE TRANSIT LINE OR THE NEIGHBORHOOD? THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD SETTLEMENT IN BROOKLYN By Wendy Futterman-91 WALT WHITMAN AND WILLIAM HEYEN: TWO LONG ISLAND POETS VIEW THE CIVIL WAR AND THE HOLOCAUST By Cherie Godfrey-101 THE GRUMMAN CORPORATION AND LONG ISLAND: A COOPERATIVE FUTURE By JarrettSchulz and James Piangozza-]106 WHALING: A CENTRAL PART OF LONG ISLAND INDIAN LIFE By Matt J. Villano-112 Lost and Found AN ENGLISHMAN ON LONG ISLAND: WILLIAM COBBETT'S YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES (1818-1819) By Richard P. Harmond-118 Reviews ELIZABETH L. WATSON. HOUSES FOR SCIENCE: A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY, WITH JAMES D. WATSON, LANDMARKS IN TWENTIETH CENTURY GENETICS. By DeborahJohnson-121 DOROTHY INGERSOLL ZAYKOWSKI. SAG HARBOR: THE STORY OF AN AMERICAN BEAUTY By Steven R. Coleman-123 ROGER WUNDERLICH. LOW LIVING AND HIGH THINKING AT MODERN TIMES, NEW YORK By Louis J. Kern-124 Book Notes-127 Communications-129 CEDAR SWAMP HISTORICAL SOCIETY TO RESEARCH,EXPOSE, AND PRESERVENATIONAL HISTORY AND THE HERITAGE PHISTO., OF THE 17th CENTURYSETTLEMENT OF. CEDARSWAMP (EASTOF HEMPSTEADHARBOR) so CEDARSWAMP, LONG ILAND11545 It-, o" rREt o0 MEMBERSHIP SINGLE ............ $15 cite, FAMILY........... ..$25 PROTECT PATRIOT ........... $50 OUR HISTORY BENEFACTOR ..... $100 AND LIFE ........... $500 ENVIRONMENT PLEASE MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO AND MAIL TO: CEDAR SWAMP HISTORICAL SOCIETY CEDAR SWAMP, LONG ILAND 11545 WITH NAMES ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER -ABSOLUTE CHARTERFROM STATE OF NEW YORKDEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAND BOARD OF REGENTS- Contributors Norm Dvoskin, a graduate meteorologist on the staff of News 12 Long Island, is a former president of the New York City/Long Island Branch of the American Meteorologist Society. Karl Grossman, Professor of Journalism in the American Studies Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, is the author of Power Crazy: Is Lilco Turning Shoreham into America's Chernobyl? Marleen Kassel, a professor of history at the SUNY College at New Paltz, is a scholar of Japanese and Chinese literature and thought. John M. Kochiss has conducted tapings of the Baymen's Oral History Group at the Suffolk Marine Museum, Sayville, since 1980. Carol Parker is Communications and Public Information Coordinator for Apple, A Program Planned for Life Enrichment. R. L. Swanson is the director of the Waste Management Institute, part of the Marine Sciences Research Center, SUNY at Stony Brook; Anne S. West- Valle is Professor Swanson's assistant; Cynthia J. Decker works as a Sea Grant Scholar at the Office of Naval Research, Annapolis, Md. Richard P. Harmond, Professor of American History at St. John's University and associate editor of the LIHJ, is the co-editor of Long Island As America: A Documentary History to 1896. Secondary School Essay Contest Winners: Wendy Futterman, Lawrence High School; Cherie Godfrey, Harmony Heights School; Jarrett Schulz and James Piangozza, Syosset High School; and Matt J. Villano, Northport High School. Long Island Studies Council An interdisciplinary membership group of scholars, teachers, librarians, archivists, historians, and others interested in the study of Long Island and its heritage, invites readers of the Long Island Historical Journal to its dinner- lecture meetings and site visits. For information write to the Long Island Studies Council c/o Special Collections Department, Melville Library E2320 SUNY at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794-3323 Editorial Comment The journal is squeezed between rising costs and shrinking budgets. As we begin our fifth year, our future depends on your subscriptions. We urge all who have not done so to send in the form at the back of this issue. And, if you can obtain one other $15 subscription in addition to your own, our fiscal problems will be solved. We count on you, loyal friends and readers, to ensure our continued study of Long Island as America. The current edition has many good features. Karl Grossman's account of the Shoreham not-to-be nuclear plant may inspire rebuttal, which we will welcome. Three scholars at the USB Institute for Waste Management, R. L. Swanson, Anne S. West-Valle, and Cynthia J. Decker, examine "Recreation vs. Waste Disposal: The Use and Management of Jamaica Bay." John M. Kochiss shares the illuminating memories of Dutch oystermen on Great South Bay, gleaned from the baymen's oral history group at Suffolk Marine Museum. Our "State of the Island" section presents the history of Apple, A Program for Life Enrichment, by Carol Parker, an executive of this key agency in the battle against addiction.