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General Assembly Distr.: General 13 October 2000

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General Assembly Distr.: General 13 October 2000 [OPA United Nations A/55/489 General Assembly Distr.: General 13 October 2000 Original: English Fifty-fifth session Agenda item 39 Support by the United Nations system of the efforts of Governments to promote and consolidate new or restored democracies Support by the United Nations system of the efforts of Governments to promote and consolidate new or restored democracies Report of the Secretary-General* Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction., . 1-2 2 II. Recent activities related to international conferences of new or restored democracies 3-5 2 III. Preparations for the Fourth International Conference of New or Restored Democracies 6-12 3 IV, Building up democratic culture and society 13-27 4 A. Relationship between democratization, good governance, human rights, development and peace 14-20 4 B. Electoral assistance: insights for democratization 21-27 5 V. Conclusion and recommendations 28-37 6 * The footnote requested by the General Assembly in resolution 54/248 was not included in the submission. 00-69312 (E) 311000 A/55/489 I. Introduction future hosts of the International Conferences (the Philippines, Nicaragua, Romania and Benin), the 1. In its resolutions 50/133 of 20 December 1995, United Nations system, academia, and non- 51/31 of 6 December 1996, 52/18 of 21 November governmental organizations (NGOs). 1997, 53/31 of 23 November 1998 and 54/36 of 29 4. At the May 1999 meeting of the follow-up November 1999, the General Assembly welcomed the mechanism in Bucharest, Romania introduced a first consecutive reports of the Secretary-General on the draft of a "Code of Democratic Conduct", aimed at ways in which the United Nations system could support building a broad agenda for democratization. The the efforts of Governments to promote and consolidate 1 meeting amended the draft and the revised version was new or restored democracies. The Assembly further published as a document of the General Assembly on encouraged the Secretary-General to continue to 27 July 1999 (A/54/178, annex) in the form of a draft improve the capacity of the Organization to respond resolution, which was, however, not acted upon by the effectively to the requests of Member States in their Assembly. On 25 April 2000, the Commission on efforts towards democratization. Human Rights adopted a related resolution, resolution 2. The present report is submitted pursuant to 2000/47, entitled "Promoting and consolidating General Assembly resolution 54/36. It describes the democracy", highlighting fundamental links between activities that have taken place in the follow-up process democracy and human rights. The resolution reaffirmed to the Third International Conference of New or the solemn responsibility of Member States to promote Restored Democracies on Democracy and and protect human rights by working together to Development, particularly in the preparations for the consolidate democracy, given the interdependence of Fourth International Conference, which is to take place democracy, development and respect for human rights in Cotonou, Benin from 4 to 6 December 2000. It also and fundamental freedoms. The resolution also stressed addresses some conceptual issues related to that democracy was based on the freely expressed will democratization and proposes some strategic and of the people, including their full participation in organizational measures for consideration by the decisions affecting their lives. General Assembly and the Benin Conference. 5. The follow-up mechanism met again in New York in November 1999 and in June 2000 to review II. Recent activities related to preparations for the Benin Conference and to discuss the activities of the United Nations system in the area international conferences of new or of democratization. The June meeting also discussed restored democracies the note verbale that was sent to all United Nations missions by the Secretary-General on 14 March 2000, 3. The General Assembly, in resolution 51/31, inviting Member States to give their comments and requested the Secretary-General, Member States and observations on the review and suggestions contained appropriate specialized agencies and bodies of the in the 1999 report of the Secretary-General on new or United Nations system and other intergovernmental restored democracies (A/54/492). The note verbale has organizations to cooperate in the holding of the Third also requested Member States to review their own International Conference of New or Restored experiences and "lessons learned" as new, restored or Democracies on Democracy and Development, which established democracies and/or as donors supporting took place in Bucharest from 2 to 4 September 1997. democratic institutions with projects in other countries The Third International Conference subsequently or regions. As recommended by that meeting, a further decided to create a special follow-up mechanism to note verbale was sent as a reminder to Member States implement the recommendations of the Conference. on 3 July 2000. Since the Conference, the Government of Romania, the current chair of the International Conferences of New or Restored Democracies, has continued to play a leading role in the follow-up process. The participants in the follow-up mechanism are representatives from interested countries, in particular the previous and A/55/489 III. Preparations for the Fourth Conference. The Minister also gave a press conference International Conference of New the same day. In his briefing, the Minister outlined four indicative subjects on the agenda of the conference, or Restored Democracies which included: (a) exchange of experience on the best practices in building democracy and the relations 6. By its resolutions 53/31 and 54/36, the General between peace, security, democracy and development; Assembly, while encouraging Member States to (b) democracy and conflict prevention and promote democratization and to make additional efforts management; (c) democracy and development and the to promote and consolidate new or restored participation of women and youth; and (d) factors that democracies, noted with satisfaction that the Fourth may facilitate or hinder the democratic process (good International Conference of New or Restored governance, violations of human rights and personal Democracies would take place in Cotonou, Benin. It freedoms and decentralization). He also noted that the also stressed the importance of support by Member objectives of the Conference were to identify the best States, the United Nations system, the specialized practices in building democracy and human rights; to agencies and other intergovernmental organizations for define an analytical framework showing the the holding of the Fourth International Conference. interdependence between peace, security, development 7. In June 1999, the President of Benin established a and democracy; to use case studies to illustrate the preparatory national committee for the planning and interdependence among peace, security, development organization of the Conference with the support of the and democracy; and to illustrate the implications of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It democratic process for sustainable human was decided that the theme of the Conference would be development. "Democracy, Peace, Security and Development". A 10. A number of preparatory meetings have also UNDP expert team visited Cotonou from 23 to 28 taken place within the preparatory process for the August 1999 to help the Government to prepare a Benin Conference. The Government of Benin, in project document on the Conference. The initial plans collaboration with the International Organization of la were approved in September 1999 by both UNDP and Francophonie, hosted a meeting on the "Assessment of the host Government. national conferences and other democratic transition 8. The Conference will be held on 4 to 6 December processes in Africa" in Cotonou from 19 to 2000. Two special events, a forum for youth and a civil 23 February 2000. The final report of the meeting society forum, will precede the Conference. Regional emphasized that democracy must be embedded in a conferences or seminars are also being organized on political system built on the rule of law and respect for lessons learned about democratic transition in various human rights. The role of civil society, women and parts of the world. The Permanent Mission of Benin to young people in democratization as well as the the United Nations Headquarters in New York is the fundamental need for the peaceful alternation of focal point for the coordination of the preparatory leaders in power were stressed. The promotion of a process, assisted by the follow-up mechanism. Many democratic culture, based on tolerance, acceptance of donor countries, United Nations agencies and differences and a permanent search for compromise, international organizations, including the United was seen as an essential factor for the consolidation of Nations University, United Nations Institute for democracy. Training and Research (UNITAR), UNDP, the United 11. The Network Institute for Global Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Democratization hosted another conference, also within Organization (UNESCO) and the International the framework of the preparatory process for the Benin Organization of la Francophonie have committed Conference, on the theme "Cosmopolis — themselves to contribute to the preparatory process and Democratizing Global Economy and Culture", on 2 and the organization of the Conference. 3 June 2000 in Helsinki.
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