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The Life, Letters & Writings of John Davenant D.D., 1572-1641, Lord

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The Life, Letters & Writings of John Davenant D.D., 1572-1641, Lord BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF 1891 Ag-.<?.<^.f<?.g ^s/.i/iqo^.. 5901 _„ Cornell University Library BX5199.D24 F96 '-''^•,!f;lS!*i!%„.^„.'!y,''Jin9S of <'ohn Davenan ,. 3 1924 029 449 752 olin c^l Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029449752 THE LIFE OF BISHOP DAVENANT BY THE SAME AUTHOR OUR ESTABLISHED CHURCH OUR TITLE DEEDS PAN-ANGLICANISM THE THRONE OF CANTERBURY COURT OF FINAL APPEAL THE LIFE OF THOMAS FULLER, D.D. " ,,.;„i„a RIGHT REV. JOHN Jf ? DAVENANT, D.D li^-^:-d LOKD BISHOP OF SALISUURV, 1621. THE LIFE LETTERS & WRITINGS OF JOHN DAVENANT D.D. 1572-1641 LORD BISHOP OF SALISBURY BY MORRIS FULLER B.D. VICAR OF S. MARK S, MARVLEBONE ROAD, W. SOMETIME FOUNDATION SCHOLAR, EXHIBITIONER, CLARK'S SCHOLAR AND LIBRARIAN or queens' college, Cambridge METHUEN & CO. 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. LONDON 1897 : "In his grave writings he (the Good Bishop) aims at God's glory and the Church's peace, with that worthy prelate, th£ secondJewell ofSalisbury^ whose comments and controversies will transmit his memory to all posterity.*' Whose dying pen did write of Christian union^ How Church with Church might safely kee^ Communion^ Commend his care, although the care do imsse : The woe is ours, the happiness is his Who finding discords daily to encrease, Because he could not live, would dy in peace." —Fuller's Holy State^ the Good Bishop. TO THE BISHOP, DEAN, AND CHAPTER OF THE "famous AND PARAMOUNT" CHURCH OF SALISBURY THIS SKETCH OF AN ANGLICAN PRELATE OF THE 17TH CENTURY THE "GOOD," "EXCELLENT," AND "LEARNED" JOHN DAVENANT, D,D. BISHOP OF SALISBURY PRESIDENT OF QUEENS' COLLEGE AND MARGARET PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE (ANGLICAN DEPUTY AT THE SYNOD OF DORT) ONE OF THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS OF A LONG LINE OF ILLUSTRIOUS BISHOPS WHO HAVE FROM TIME TO TIME ADORNED THAT EMINENT SEE "the SECOND JEWELL OF SALISBURY" AS HE HAS BEEN LOVINGLY AND ADMIRINGLY CALLED IS Dedicated WITH EVERY FEELING OF DUTIFUL RESPECT BY THEIR FAITHFUL AND HUMBLE SERVANT THE AUTHOR CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. The Davenant Family and Pedigree . i II. John Davenant's Birth, Early Years, and Student Life (1572-1594) 13 III. DavenAnt's Academical Career at Cambridge (1594- . 1614) 3S IV. The Synod of Dort, or Dordrecht (i), (1618-1619) . 64 V. The Synod of Dort, or Dordrecht (2), (1618-1620) 92 VI. Davenant's Return to England (1620)—Made Bishop of 'Salisbury (1621) ..... 110 VII. John, Bishop of Salisbury (1621-1641) . .132 VIII. Davenant's "Exposition of the Epistle to the Colossians" (1622) ..... 159 IX. Davenant's "Opinion" on the Gallican Contro- versy—Diversity of Degrees (1627) . 192 X. Davenant's " Dissertation on the Death of Christ" (1627) ....... 214 XI. Davenant's Letters to Bishop Hall on "the old " Religion (1628), and to Dr Ward . , 241 XII, Bishop Davenant's Fast Sermon at Westminster Abbey (1628) ...... 269 XIII. Bishop Davenant Preaches before the Court—His Troubles as a Court Preacher—Birth of a Prince (1630) ...... 303 viii CONTENTS CHAP. XIV. William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate OF ALL England and Metropolitan (1631) . 332 XV. Davbnant's Prelbctiones (Civil Judge and Right- eousness)—Treatise on Justification . 354 XVI. Davenant's Determinations, or Resolutions of certain Theological Questions (xlii.), and Trac- " tate " DE PACIS ECCLESIASTICiS RATIONALIBUS • (1634) 383 XVII. Ritual Conformity—Laud's Canons—Convocation (1638-40) . .411 XVIII. Davenant's Animadversions upon Hoard's Treatise, " intitled " God's Love to Mankind (1641) . 444 XIX. Ecclesiastical Affairs during the last Years of Bishop Davenant's Life (1637-1640) . 475 XX. Bishop Davenant's "Golden Tractate,"—Last Days, Illness and Death—Will—Views and Character—Biographical Notices, &c. (1640-1) 503 APPENDICES— A. Bishop Davenant's Will. B. Bishop Davenant's Explanation of the Etcetera Oath. PREFACE This volume contains the " Life, Letters, and Writings of Bishop Davenant "—an Anglican Prelate of the seven- teenth century—who has been not under-rated, but over- looked. It is an attempt to rescue from comparative ob- scurity a great and good man, who deserves to be better known, and to pourtray the characteristics of an eminent and typical theologian of the age in which he lived. It emphasises an aspiration to recover and keep alive a precious memory, and has been undertaken as a work of love. Short biographical sketches of this worthy divine have been before written, but this is the first serious effort at a critical and connected biography. As such it illustrates, and is meant to be an ideal picture of, the via media of the Anglican Church. The "Life of Bishop Davenant" is intended to be a companion volume to the " Life, Times, and Writings " of Dr Thomas Fuller, the Church historian, whose maternal uncle he was, which the present writer published some time ago in two volumes. The two biographies—which necessarily overlap in some degree—yet cover a period of nearly a century, i.e., from 1572-1661^ one of the most critical periods in the history of our institutions in Church and State. The method adopted in this Life is the same as that employed in the former one—and which received the emphatic approval of the late Archbishop of Canterbury. The method consists of giving precis of the various pub- lications of the subject of the memoirs in chronological order, and then making the life to hang, as it were, round these productions in orderly sequence. Thus the whole — X PREFACE life is preserved as a matter of course, and a complete word-portrait is presented. One special feature of the work is the number of Dave- nant's letters, which have now been published for the first time. They have been collected at great trouble and expense from the various public libraries, and it is believed that they will prove—especially the Laudian Epistles very valuable in throwing a side-light upon the ecclesias- tical and ritual troubles of contemporary Church history. Another important item. It was known that Bishop Davenant's celebrated " Fast Sermon " at Westminster Abbey, preached at one of the National Fasts during the Troubles, was extant, but it could nowhere be found. After a prolonged search, the writer was at length re- warded by finding it in the archives of the British Museum. It is reprinted at length, and will be found full of the "strong meat" and flavour of the theology of that contro- versial period— and " there were giants in those days." Considerable attention has been directed to the Synod of Dort, and two chapters have been devoted to the dis- cussion of that celebrated Conference of members of the Reformed Communities. King James—after the fashion of the English Monarch? of those days—sent five of our most illustrious theologians as British representatives to attend its deliberations. Of these, Davenant was certainly the leading spirit of the College. Of this number, Bishop Carleton was reputed a most rigid Calvinist, but the re- mainder may be classed among the moderate Augustinians. They were all opposed indeed to the peculiar notions of Arminius with respect to the Divine decrees; but as we argue from their language on the benefits of infant baptism, or on the reception of regenerating grace by some who may not afterwards have persevered, their general doctrine had been drawn exclusively from Hippo, in contradistinction from Geneva. It is quite clear that Davenant and his fidus Achates, Dr Seth Ward, upheld the doctrine of " PREFACE xi " Augustinianism " as the received doctrine df the Church of England, and in this they were agreed with their mutual and learned friend Archbishop Usher. " In the course of the discussions, from the opening of the Synod to its close, we cannot fail to notice," says the late Archdeacon Hard- wick, "that the influence of the English Deputies^and more especially of Davenant and Ward—was always on the side of primitive truth and Christian moderation" {History of the Articles, p. 196). One word more anent the Synod. The British College laboured, and with success, to prove to the Foreign Repre- sentatives that the episcopal regimen of our Church was the more excellent way. This they seem to have been fully convinced about, but averred that they had had no chance to conserve the Succession, which they deplored. An interesting question arises whether we could not offer the. Orthodox Reformed Churches of the Continent ; that which they deplored the loss of, viz., the Historic Episco- pate and the Divine Liturgy, although, be it remembered, they have retained the three Creeds of the Undivided Church in their symbolical writings. And this might be a first step in the reunion of Christendom. " If ever," said De Maistre, *' a divided Christendom is to be reunited, it must be through the instrumentality of the Anglican Church—for the good sense of the English has preserved the Hierarchy." The eloquent author of " Du Pape could not fail to see that the Church of England only can touch Rome on the one side, and the Reformed on the other. Such a beginning might also tend to promote that Home Reunion which is so desirable among ourselves. In this work, the Laudian Revival—in which Davenant played an important part—has been carefully treated, and in this the writer has had the benefit of the advice and supervision of his old friend, the late Rev. James Bliss, M.A., editor of Laud's works in the Anglo-Catholic Library, and who had made Laudian subjects his life's study.
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