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A CASE STUDY of KIDS4PEACE JERUSALEM By EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITY AND PEACEBUILDING: A CASE STUDY OF KIDS4PEACE JERUSALEM by LAURA R. DIAMOND A THESIS Presented to the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 2020 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Laura R. Diamond Title: Exploring the Intersection of Collective Identity and Peacebuilding: a Case Study of Kids4Peace Jerusalem This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program by: Diane Baxter Chairperson Michael Musheno Member and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2020 ii © 2020 Laura R. Diamond iii THESIS ABSTRACT Laura R. Diamond Master of Science Conflict and Dispute Resolution June 2020 Title: Exploring the Intersection of Collective Identity and Peacebuilding: A Case Study of Kids4Peace Jerusalem This study examines the experience of Palestinian and Israeli youth involved in a coexistence organization Kids4Peace Jerusalem. This qualitative research investigates the questions: 1) What is the interaction between collective identity and experience in K4P? 2) In what ways do young people benefit or fail to benefit from Kids4Peace? 3) How do the larger power structures and power asymmetries impact youth perceptions of their experience in Kids4Peace? The research explores the way in which collective identities of participants of Kids4Peace interact with individuals’ experiences to produce group-specific results in regards to individual and group goals for contact, emotional themes, and responses to dialogue and programming, perceptions of power and peace. The findings detect a difference in perceptions of the conflict, power, and the meaning of peace. iv CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Laura R. Diamond GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene, OR University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI American University, Washington, DC DEGREES AWARDED: Master of Science, Conflict and Dispute Resolution, 2020, University of Oregon Bachelor’s Degree, International Studies, 2012, University of Wisconsin-Madison Certificate in Middle East Studies, 2012, University of Wisconsin-Madison Certificate in Peace and Conflict Resolution, 2010, American University AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: International and Regional Conflict, Palestine/Israel, Narrative in Conflict v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation of Professors Diane Baxter, Michael Musheno, and Edgar Temam for their support and inspiration in writing this thesis. I would like to thank Dr. Diane Baxter for her support as my advisor and professor has guided me through the process of writing this thesis. Her knowledge and insights from her own fieldwork have been invaluable to my learning and writing process . Michael Musheno’s teaching and work with youth in schools inspired and motivated me to interview youth on their own terms. I would also like to thank Edgar Temam, whose special gift of supporting his students in exploring their own thoughts and ideas had an immense impact on my work and confidence moving through the academic terrain. vi I dedicate this thesis to the brave, intelligent young people who lent their voices and insights to this study. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Researcher’s Background ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of Study ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Research Question ...................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Historical Background and Context of the Study ....................................................... 5 A Brief History of War, Conflict, and Occupation ................................................... 5 Jerusalem ................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Kids4Peace Jerusalem ................................................................................................. 11 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Definitions: Identity and Relevant Theory ................................................................. 13 Individual Identity ...................................................................................................... 13 Collective Identity ...................................................................................................... 13 Social Identity Theory ................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Identity and Citizenship in Jerusalem ......................................................................... 16 Palestinian Citizens of Israel ...................................................................................... 16 Jerusalem Residents with a Blue ID ........................................................................... 18 JeWish Israelis .......................................................................................................... 18 Inequality and Segregation ......................................................................................... 20 2.3 The Issue of Narrative in Conflict .............................................................................. 22 Narrative and Collective Memory .............................................................................. 22 Ethos of Conflict ....................................................................................................... 23 Palestinian Master Narrative ..................................................................................... 25 viii Chapter Page Israeli Master Narrative ............................................................................................. 26 Coexistence Narrative ............................................................................................... 27 2.4 Education and Socialization of Youth in Conflict ..................................................... 28 2.5 Contact Theory ............................................................................................................ 31 2.6 Power Asymmetry in Conflict: A Structural Perspective ........................................... 33 III. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 36 3.1 Research Principles ..................................................................................................... 36 3.2 Research Paradigm ...................................................................................................... 37 3.2 Research Process ......................................................................................................... 38 Field Site ..................................................................................................................... 38 Research Participants .................................................................................................. 38 Original Role of Reseacher as Intern for Kids4Peace ................................................ 38 IntervieW Process ....................................................................................................... 40 First-Hand Experience and Observation as Additional Data ..................................... 41 Data Analysis: Narrative and Coding Themes ........................................................... 41 IV. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 42 4.1 Themes from the Research .......................................................................................... 42 4.2 The Salience of Collective Identity and Assignment of Meaning .............................. 42 “Who Are You?” The Dual Identity Bind of Palestinian Citizens of Israel ............... 43 A Resident Without a Country: Palestinian Residents with the Blue ID .................. 50 Occupier or Ally, Left-Wing or Right-Wing? The Predicament of Israeli JeWish Identity ………… ........................................................................................... 51 Kids4Peace as a Platform for Understanding Relationship to Collective Identity ……………….. ............................................................................................. 55 4.3 Emotional Themes: Shame, Fear, and Alienation ...................................................... 58 ix Chapter Page Shame ....................................................................................................................... 60 Fear ....................................................................................................................... 64 Alienation .......................................................................................................... 66 4.4 Self Expression and Self-Reflection: Release, Relief, Communication, and GroWth ................................................................. 73 Relief and Release ....................................................................................................
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