Downloads/APAHI Awards 18 Outstanding P

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Downloads/APAHI Awards 18 Outstanding P The Poʻe Aloha ‘Āina: Kauaʻi Women leaders on Land, Food Sovereignty, & the Next Generation by Heather Lebrun M.A., Ben Gurion University, 2013 Teaching Diploma, University of Hawaiʻi, 2005 B.A., University of Missouri-Columbia, 1995 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2020 © Heather Lebrun, 2020 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, the dissertation entitled: The Poʻe Aloha ‘Āina: Kauaʻi Women leaders on Land, Food Sovereignty, & the Next Generation submitted Heather Lebrun in partial fulfillment of the requirements for theb degree Doctor of Philosophy of in Interdisciplinary Studies Examining Committee: Dr. Dory Nason, Assoc. Professor, Critical Indigenous Studies, University of British Columbia Co-supervisor Dr. Alma Trinidad, Assoc. Professor, Social Work, Portland State University Co-supervisor Dr. Sarah Hunt, Canada Research Chair, Indigenous Political Ecology, University of Victoria Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Daniel Heath Justice, Canada Research Chair, Indigenous Literature, University of British Columbia Dr. Charles Grant, Associate Professor, Social Work, University of British Columbia University Examiners Additional Supervisory Committee Members: Dr. Steven Taubeneck, Associate Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia Supervisory Committee Member ii Abstract This study utilized an Indigenous Determinants of Health framework to tell the story of a group of Kānaka Maoli women leaders on Kaua'i, referred to here as the Poʻe Aloha ʻĀina. Several Hawaiian women leaders from both the kūpuna (elder/grandparent) and mākua (parent) generation engaged in talk- story sessions--a form of open-ended, qualitative interviews that allowed the participants to direct the session. The women began with their own stories, and ended with their vision for the next generation, for their communities, and for their occupied Nation. Their data was subsequently coded using a Modified Grounded Theory. Early stages of this research explored Hawaiian Food Sovereignty and Hawaiian health disparities through these sessions. After coding the data, the research evolved into a larger project about disrupted access to Hawaiian land and usurped Hawaiian governance. The dissertation includes an exploration of the history of how Hawaiians have such restricted access to land within their own homeland; furthermore, it explores the interlocking issues that the next generation of Hawaiians are facing on Kauaʻi in hopes to address some of the simultaneous crises of housing and suicide. A small portion of this research was a collaborative dance with a Hawaiian women-led nonprofit, Kūkulu Kumuhana O Anahola (KKOA), working in the Hawaiian Homelands community of Anahola. The research, and the work of KKOA, culminated by the end of this dissertation in the first stages of establishing an agricultural training & youth center in Anahola. iii Lay Summary This research on Land, Governance, and Hawaiian Food Sovereignty germinated from long-term relationships on Kauaʻi. As the epicenter of experimental GMO agriculture & seed production, Kauaʻi was experiencing island-wide protests pushing for the protection of water, land, and people in 2014. The research began by interviewing several key Hawaiian women leaders on issues of Hawaiian Food Sovereignty and Hawaiian health. For some of the women, especially in the older kūpuna generation, it evolved to uncovering core issues of land dispossession and a desire for deoccupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom. While some research involving Kauaʻi-based co-participants has occurred on Kauaʻi, there remains a need for additional qualitative research, especially featuring the voices of Hawaiian women leaders. Part of this research was conducted in collaboration with Kūkulu Kumuhana O Anahola (KKOA), a nonprofit led by Hawaiian women; in part, the results of this research are being utilized to write grants for KKOA in support of establishing an Agricultural Training & Youth Center. iv Preface This particular research was designed by the author of this dissertation, Heather Lebrun, with the participation of several women leaders on the island of Kauaʻi. All data was collected & analyzed by Heather Lebrun; the results are the interpretation of Heather Lebrun only. Many significant Hawaiian women leaders on Kauaʻi contributed to the research via sharing their history and manaʻo through research interviews. I would like to especially acknowledge Kuʻuleialoha Punua, President of Kumuhana O Anahola (KKOA) for her vision and contribution to this dissertation. I also want to honor and acknowledge several important women who contributed also, including Pono (who chose to remain anonymous); Lynette Haulani Fernandez, Noelani Josselin, Puanani Rogers, Lorilani Keohokalole-Torio, Chesley Contrades, Tiana Laranio, Richell Sweet, Crystal Bilyeu, Kalei (who chose to remain anonymous), Stacy Sproat- Beck, Kaui Fu, and Wanda Shibata. The research was conducted with ethics approval from the UBC Behavioural Research Ethics Board, Application ID H16-02675. v Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... iii Lay Summary ........................................................................................................................... iv Preface ..........................................................................................................................................v Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures.......................................................................................................................... xi List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... xii Glossary .................................................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ xvii Dedication ............................................................................................................................... xix Chapter 1: Introduction-Tell the Story of the People who Love the Land ....1 1.1 Historical Overview ................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 12 1.3 Identification ............................................................................................................. 21 1.4 Study Site—Kauaʻi.................................................................................................. 25 1.4.1 Kauaʻi firsts....................................................................................................... 27 1.4.2 Land Divisions ................................................................................................. 28 1.4.3 Current and Historical Population Counts............................................. 29 1.4.4 Hawaiian well-being on Kauaʻi ................................................................... 30 1.4.5 Tourism .............................................................................................................. 30 1.4.6 Housing Crisis .................................................................................................. 32 vi 1.4.7 GMO Agriculture Industry on Kauaʻi ....................................................... 35 1.4.8 Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) on Kauaʻi ................................... 36 1.4.9 Hurricanes and Weather Events ................................................................ 38 1.4.10 Health Disparities ....................................................................................... 38 1.4.11 Anahola .......................................................................................................... 41 1.5 The Women of This Study .................................................................................... 45 1.5.1 The Kūpuna Generation ............................................................................... 46 1.5.2 The Mākua Generation .................................................................................. 47 1.5.3 Additional Interviews ..................................................................................... 48 1.6 Dissertation Overview ............................................................................................ 49 Chapter 2: Indigenous Methodologies & Research Methods ..............................54 2.1 Research Overview .................................................................................................. 54 2.2 Conducting Research in Western Institutions .............................................. 61 2.3 Defining Indigenous & Indigenous Hawaiian ................................................ 63 2.4 Indigenous Epistemologies, Histories, and Methodologies ....................... 64 2.5 Return to Wise Stewardship and the Truth of our Interconnectedness 69 2.6
Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of Hawaiʻi‟S Cultural Impact Assessment Process As a Vehicle of Environmental Justice for Kānaka Maoli
    Innovation or Degradation?: An Analysis of Hawaiʻi‟s Cultural Impact Assessment Process as a Vehicle of Environmental Justice for Kānaka Maoli Elena Bryant* INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 231 I. PROVIDING A FRAMEWORK: ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE FOR KĀNAKA MAOLI COMMUNITIES ........................................................ 235 A. Incorporating Environmental Justice into Hawaiʻi‟s EIS Process: Racializing Environmental Justice ........................... 236 B. Defining the “Injustice” ........................................................... 238 C. The Enactment of Natural and Cultural Resource Protections as a Mechanism for Restorative Justice for Kānaka Maoli ..... 244 II. THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF WIND AND WATER TO KĀNAKA MAOLI .............................................................. 245 A. Kumulipo: Kānaka Maoli‟s Source of Origin .......................... 246 B. “I paʻa i ke Kalo ʻaʻole ʻoe e puka; If it had ended with the Kalo you would not be here.” ................................................... 247 C. Cultural Significance of the Wind ............................................. 248 D. Cultural Significance of the Sea ............................................... 250 III. THE PUSH TO “GO GREEN”: HAWAIʻI‟S INTERISLAND WIND PROJECT ........................................................................................... 252 A. Hawaiʻi Clean Energy Initiative: Moving Hawaiʻi Towards Energy Self-sufficiency ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Huard Grad Expo Presentation
    HAOLES IN HAWAI‘I: MARITIME FAMILIES, INDUSTRY, AND IMPERIALISM IN 19TH CENTURY HAWAI‘I By Mallory Huard PhD Candidate, Departments of History & Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Advisor: Dr. Lori Ginzberg PENN STATE UNIVERSITY 2021 GRADUATE EXHIBITION INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY SIGNIFICANCE • Subjects: white women • Explores the impact • Challenges previous and role of maritime married to whaling and women in American merchant captains from New narratives about commercial imperialism England captains’ wives at sea in the Hawaiian Kingdom from about • Sources: letters, journals, and • Brings new faces and the 1840s-1890s diaries, and logbooks voices into the histories of American imperialism • Chapter 2 from my • Archives: New Bedford dissertation, “America’s Whaling Museum, Nantucket • Offers a glimpse into Private Empire: Family Historical Society, Mystic the origins of the Seaport Research Library, and Commercial tourism industry in Imperialism in 19th Hawaiian Historical Society, Hawai‘i Century Hawai‘i” Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society, Bishop Museum PART 1: MOTIVES AND CONTEXT “I do not wonder that so many choose a sailor’s • Numerous and complex motives: life. It is a life of • Fear of husbands’ behavior hardship, but it is • Family togetherness a life full of • Financial stress romance and • Sense of adventure interest.” • Language of “domesticity” as justification for their presence • Hoped to be a moderating influence on sailors Mary Lawrence and her daughter, Minnie PART 2: IMPERIALIST IMPRESSIONS • Mariner women were both informed by and part of perpetuating imperialist and racist attitudes • Failed to distinguish different indigenous populations and individual Hawaiian people • Misinterpretation and objectification of Hawaiian people, customs and traditions Mary Brewster Kinoʻoleoliliha • Showed little interest in interacting with Hawaiian people, isolating themselves among white missionaries and merchant families “His house is furnished genteely and in • Celebrated (white) colonial institutions good order.
    [Show full text]
  • AMERICA's ANNEXATION of HAWAII by BECKY L. BRUCE
    A LUSCIOUS FRUIT: AMERICA’S ANNEXATION OF HAWAII by BECKY L. BRUCE HOWARD JONES, COMMITTEE CHAIR JOSEPH A. FRY KARI FREDERICKSON LISA LIDQUIST-DORR STEVEN BUNKER A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2012 Copyright Becky L. Bruce 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that the annexation of Hawaii was not the result of an aggressive move by the United States to gain coaling stations or foreign markets, nor was it a means of preempting other foreign nations from acquiring the island or mending a psychic wound in the United States. Rather, the acquisition was the result of a seventy-year relationship brokered by Americans living on the islands and entered into by two nations attempting to find their place in the international system. Foreign policy decisions by both nations led to an increasingly dependent relationship linking Hawaii’s stability to the U.S. economy and the United States’ world power status to its access to Hawaiian ports. Analysis of this seventy-year relationship changed over time as the two nations evolved within the world system. In an attempt to maintain independence, the Hawaiian monarchy had introduced a westernized political and economic system to the islands to gain international recognition as a nation-state. This new system created a highly partisan atmosphere between natives and foreign residents who overthrew the monarchy to preserve their personal status against a rising native political challenge. These men then applied for annexation to the United States, forcing Washington to confront the final obstacle in its rise to first-tier status: its own reluctance to assume the burdens and responsibilities of an imperial policy abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • 1922 Elizabeth T
    co.rYRIG HT, 192' The Moootainetro !scot1oror,d The MOUNTAINEER VOLUME FIFTEEN Number One D EC E M BER 15, 1 9 2 2 ffiount Adams, ffiount St. Helens and the (!oat Rocks I ncoq)Ora,tecl 1913 Organized 190!i EDITORlAL ST AitF 1922 Elizabeth T. Kirk,vood, Eclttor Margaret W. Hazard, Associate Editor· Fairman B. L�e, Publication Manager Arthur L. Loveless Effie L. Chapman Subsc1·iption Price. $2.00 per year. Annual ·(onl�') Se,·ent�·-Five Cents. Published by The Mountaineers lncorJ,orated Seattle, Washington Enlerecl as second-class matter December 15, 19t0. at the Post Office . at . eattle, "\Yash., under the .-\0t of March 3. 1879. .... I MOUNT ADAMS lllobcl Furrs AND REFLEC'rION POOL .. <§rtttings from Aristibes (. Jhoutribes Author of "ll3ith the <6obs on lltount ®l!!mµus" �. • � J� �·,,. ., .. e,..:,L....._d.L.. F_,,,.... cL.. ��-_, _..__ f.. pt",- 1-� r�._ '-';a_ ..ll.-�· t'� 1- tt.. �ti.. ..._.._....L- -.L.--e-- a';. ��c..L. 41- �. C4v(, � � �·,,-- �JL.,�f w/U. J/,--«---fi:( -A- -tr·�� �, : 'JJ! -, Y .,..._, e� .,...,____,� � � t-..__., ,..._ -u..,·,- .,..,_, ;-:.. � --r J /-e,-i L,J i-.,( '"'; 1..........,.- e..r- ,';z__ /-t.-.--,r� ;.,-.,.....__ � � ..-...,.,-<. ,.,.f--· :tL. ��- ''F.....- ,',L � .,.__ � 'f- f-� --"- ��7 � �. � �;')'... f ><- -a.c__ c/ � r v-f'.fl,'7'71.. I /!,,-e..-,K-// ,l...,"4/YL... t:l,._ c.J.� J..,_-...A 'f ',y-r/� �- lL.. ��•-/IC,/ ,V l j I '/ ;· , CONTENTS i Page Greetings .......................................................................tlristicles }!}, Phoiitricles ........ r The Mount Adams, Mount St. Helens, and the Goat Rocks Outing .......................................... B1/.ith Page Bennett 9 1 Selected References from Preceding Mount Adams and Mount St.
    [Show full text]
  • Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson Walter Murray Gibson the Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson HAWAII’S MINISTER of EVERYTHING
    The Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson Walter Murray Gibson The Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson HAWAII’S MINISTER OF EVERYTHING JACOB ADLER and ROBERT M. KAMINS Open Access edition funded by the National En- dowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Inter- national (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non- commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/li- censes/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Creative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copy- righted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824883669 (PDF) 9780824883676 (EPUB) This version created: 5 September, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. © 1986 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED For Thelma C. Adler and Shirley R. Kamins In Phaethon’s Chariot … HAETHON, mortal child of the Sun God, was not believed by his Pcompanions when he boasted of his supernal origin. He en- treated Helios to acknowledge him by allowing him to drive the fiery chariot of the Sun across the sky. Against his better judg- ment, the father was persuaded. The boy proudly mounted the solar car, grasped the reins, and set the mighty horses leaping up into the eastern heavens. For a few ecstatic moments Phaethon was the Lord of the Sky.
    [Show full text]
  • Sisters Leaving El Cerrito After 63 Years
    VOL. 57, NO. 6 DIOCESE OF OAKLAND MARCH 18, 2019 www.catholicvoiceoakland.org Serving the East Bay Catholic Community since 1963 Copyright 2019 Sisters leaving El Cerrito after 63 years By Michele Jurich Staff writer Sisters of Mercy Father Michael Ryan faced quite a dilemma: He had built a brand-new school Celebration! at St John the Baptist Parish in El Cerrito When: June 15 but he had no Sisters to run it In 1955, this was a big problem No Where: St John the Baptist Church Sisters, no school 11150 San Pablo Ave , El Cerrito No nearby order could take on another Reception follows in School Gym school Resourceful Father Ryan wrote to every convent in the Catholic directory in Ireland, asking if they could send Sisters their children, but from the Sisters at His mailbox sat empty in reply nearby St Jerome School Mother Gertrude, of the Sisters of Just about 63 years after the Irish Mercy convent in Carrick on Suir, Ireland, Sisters saved the day and opened a school sent her reply to him at the Archdiocese that is thriving just a few steps from their of San Francisco’s schools department convent door, the last three Sisters are She was very sorry, she wrote, but she preparing to go home didn’t have anybody It’s their choice They always knew they In that summer of 1956, Father Ryan would go back to Ireland It’s home was visiting Ireland He paid a personal While Catholic education may have their call on Carrick on Suir, in County Tipperary primary ministry, their work has embraced After that, six Sisters of Mercy were dis- the needs not
    [Show full text]
  • HAWAII MARINE Voluntary Payment for Delivery to MCAS Housing /8I Per Four Kruk (Tented
    HAWAII MARINE Voluntary payment for delivery to MCAS housing /8I per four Kruk (tented. VOL. 11 NO. 29 KANEOHE HAY. HAWAII. JULY 21, 1982 TWENTY PAGES Old vehicle decals expire The new Department of Defense identification card (or dependent/ car itself is destroyed. vehicle decals aren't new anymore, but civilian employee card), registration, When a service member transfers some people still haven't taken the proof of no-fault insurance, driver's from one duty station to another, the time to get one. license and safety inspection sticker. only part of the decale that changes And they may be in for a surprise. Vehicles with out -of-state plates will be the small tab directly below the The old station decals expire July 26 must be registered with the State of decal. This tab is color-coded to show and cars without a new decal won't be Hawaii. Motorcyclists will also have the status of the owner. Blue is for allowed on the air station and the to have a motorcycle safety course officers, red for enlisted and green for vehicles parked here without the DOD certificate from here -others won't be civilians. sticker will be tagged. accepted. All documents must be The tab also indicates that issuing Once tagged, vehicle owners will current to be acceptable. installation and should be returned to have 24 hours to register with Pass A person won't be able to count duty that installation's vehicle registration and Registration at the main gate (H- stations anymore by the number of office when transferring.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Designs for Hawaiian Archaeology
    Research Designs for Hawaiian Archaeology Research Designs for Hawaiian Archaeology Agriculture, Architecture, Methodology Thomas S. Dye, editor Special Publication 3 Society for Hawaiian Archaeology All rights reserved. Copyright © 2010 by Society for Hawaiian Archaeology. Published in 2010 in the United States of America by Society for Hawaiian Archaeology, P.O. Box 23292, Honolulu, HI 96823. Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables ix 1 Watershed: Testing the Limited Land Hypothesis Robert J. Hommon 1 2 Traditional Hawaiian Surface Architecture: Absolute and Rel- ative Dating Thomas S. Dye 93 3 Lady Mondegreen’s Hopes and Dreams: Three Brief Essays on Inference in Hawaiian Archaeology Dave Tuggle 157 Index 185 v List of Figures 2.1 Map of the Hawaiian Islands . 96 2.2 Oblique schematic of Kaneaki Heiau . 98 2.3 Plan of site 50–10–04–22268 ................... 104 2.4 Interior of the U-shape enclosure at site 50–10–04–22268 . 105 2.5 Panoramic view of site 50–10–04–22268 ............ 106 2.6 Hypothetical stratigraphic section . 110 2.7 Bayesian calibration yields interpretable results . 113 2.8 Deduction and induction . 115 2.9 Plan of site 50–10–04–22119 .................... 121 2.10 Dated enclosure at site 50–10–04–22119 ............ 122 2.11 Plan of site 50–10–04–22201 ................... 124 2.12 Plan of site 50–10–04–22248 ................... 125 2.13 Plan of site 50–50–17–1089 .................... 127 2.14 Plan of site 50–50–17–1088 .................... 128 2.15 Estimated ages of construction events . 132 2.16 Plan of H¯apaiali‘i Heiau .
    [Show full text]
  • Plotting of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
    American Politics: Plotting the Illegal Hawaiian Kingdom Overthrow and Illegal Annexation After the Civil War of 1861-1865 the Kingdom of Hawai’i was already in the crosshairs of more serious US annexation. The country was flush with money from unspent taxes imposed during the Civil War. It was secured from coast to coast and the Presidency was securely in the hands of Republican Union Civil War veterans who had defeated the secessionist Southern States Democrats and looked for expansion into the Pacific under their doctrine of divine destiny. The navy was expanded with iron warships and two of them under the command of Major General Schofield and Colonel Alexander had visited Honolulu in 1873 under the guise of a “friendly mission,” spying on the kingdom and mapping out the potential of Pearl Harbor as a navy base for expansion into the Pacific. In 1840 US Navy Commodore Charles Wilkes had first surveyed the Pearl Harbor area and described it as “the best and most capacious harbor in the Pacific.” Grover Cleveland, the leader of the pro-business Democrats, opposed imperialism, high tariffs, inflation, and subsidies and had established a reputation for relentlessly fighting the widespread political corruption of both the Democratic and Republican parties. Not actually running for president, he was unexpectedly chosen by his Democratic party as a compromise candidate and also unexpectedly won the presidential election, as the public had become sick of the widespread political corruption. He therefore won his first term in 1884 at a time of Republican political domination dating to 1861 which had become pro imperialistic and clamored for colonial expansion.
    [Show full text]
  • 1856 1877 1881 1888 1894 1900 1918 1932 Box 1-1 JOHANN FRIEDRICH HACKFELD
    M-307 JOHANNFRIEDRICH HACKFELD (1856- 1932) 1856 Bornin Germany; educated there and served in German Anny. 1877 Came to Hawaii, worked in uncle's business, H. Hackfeld & Company. 1881 Became partnerin company, alongwith Paul Isenberg andH. F. Glade. 1888 Visited in Germany; marriedJulia Berkenbusch; returnedto Hawaii. 1894 H.F. Glade leftcompany; J. F. Hackfeld and Paul Isenberg became sole ownersofH. Hackfeld& Company. 1900 Moved to Germany tolive due to Mrs. Hackfeld's health. Thereafter divided his time betweenGermany and Hawaii. After 1914, he visited Honolulu only threeor fourtimes. 1918 Assets and properties ofH. Hackfeld & Company seized by U.S. Governmentunder Alien PropertyAct. Varioussuits brought againstU. S. Governmentfor restitution. 1932 August 27, J. F. Hackfeld died, Bremen, Germany. Box 1-1 United States AttorneyGeneral Opinion No. 67, February 17, 1941. Executors ofJ. F. Hackfeld'sestate brought suit against the U. S. Governmentfor larger payment than was originallyallowed in restitution forHawaiian sugar properties expropriated in 1918 by Alien Property Act authority. This document is the opinion of Circuit Judge Swan in The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals forthe Second Circuit, February 17, 1941. M-244 HAEHAW All (BARK) Box 1-1 Shipping articleson a whaling cruise, 1864 - 1865 Hawaiian shipping articles forBark Hae Hawaii, JohnHeppingstone, master, on a whaling cruise, December 19, 1864, until :the fall of 1865". M-305 HAIKUFRUIT AND PACKlNGCOMP ANY 1903 Haiku Fruitand Packing Company incorporated. 1904 Canneryand can making plant installed; initial pack was 1,400 cases. 1911 Bought out Pukalani Dairy and Pineapple Co (founded1907 at Pauwela) 1912 Hawaiian Pineapple Company bought controlof Haiku F & P Company 1918 Controlof Haiku F & P Company bought fromHawaiian Pineapple Company by hui of Maui men, headed by H.
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for the Aha Moku System And
    A FRAMEWORK FOR THE AHA MOKU SYSTEM AND COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE HISTORY OF THE ‘AHA COUNCILS “There is no man familiar with fishing least he fishes and becomes an expert. There is no man familiar with the soil least he plants and becomes an expert. There is no man familiar with hō`ola least he be trained as a kahuna and becomes expert at it."1 • Following this principle, leaders who govern people manage the resources should be those who are actual practitioners; i.e those who have gained a comprehensive and masterful understanding of the biological, physical, and spiritual aspects of the ʻāina. In traditional Hawaiian resource management, those with relevant knowledge comprised what were called the ‘Aka Kiole,2 the people’s council. o ‘Aha – The kūpuna metaphorically ascribed these councils and the weaving of various ʻike, or knowledge streams, as an ʻaha. The individual aho or threads made from the bark of the olonā shrub were woven together to make strong cordage, called ʻaha. Thus the early Hawaiians referred to their councils as ʻaha to represent the strong leadership created when acknowledged ʻike holders came together to weave their varied expertise for collective decision-making that benefitted the people, land, and natural resources.3 o Kiole – The term kiole described the abundant human population, likened to the ʻiole or large schools of pua (fish fingerlings) that shrouded the coastline en masse. Thus, Molokai’s councils were called ʻAha Kiole, the people’s council.4 • ʻAha council leadership was determined by the people who collectively understood who the experts were in their community.
    [Show full text]