Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center 8 institutions toimposethemselves identity speeches rulethehumanrights scene andalsousesthe legal texts and generalisation oftheissues, the Populist andloosespeechesnarrow minded and theeffect ofthe religious values inthepublicspace.Under thesevere raising serious questions concerning theindividual, citizenship, personal freedom appear inoccasions ofassaultsorasaresponse onindividualpractices, without Meanwhile, thesituation ofhumanrights lives its crisis that affected it tojust reformation projects to beunreal promises acertain withoutspecifying date. narrow policiesof theparties over thelegal andpolitical scenewhichleadsthe institutions and reforming the existing ones.Inaddition tothedomination ofthe obstacles underthestructural difficulties bynot forming its constitutional Despite thepositive changes in Tunisia, thepath ofdemocratic transition faces transition andhuman rights related tothedemocratic The policiesandlegislations Tunisia The semi-annual report 9 10 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center transition in Tunisia to thedemocratic legislations related The policiesand terms of the conflict among the three authori three the among conflict the of terms in problem serious a pose to continues the people of representatives the of Assembly the of independence administrative and financial The opposite. their produce and democracy of populistdiscoursesthe thatvaluesconsume the forgetting without on interests, based conflict and influence partisan powersof the fromtures struc - and procedures con its of in terms in increase it trolling the to due strongly raised is Assembly, the of independence the concerning the question But institutions. constitutional the forming of process the regarding continue riod pe - monitoring the during questions same The a whole. as transition democratic the life political and influencing rolein their and Representatives, the of Assembly the of dency Presi- the of independence and powers the of such as the National Security Council, the extent institutions previous of face the in themselves for the frameworkpolitical regime, new elements presented constitutional existing the Despite framework The legislative and structural The legislative authority : them The three powers andthebalanceamong - - of the will and public interest in legal texts. legal in interest public and will the of vision a developing and people, and voter the of thority which is capable of implementing the will au- legislative independent an rooting of proof the to related is which task a is it And disputes. political the under disruption the to due tution reformingthatof goesbeyond idea the instithe - atask isconsidered People the Rep - of resentatives the of Assembly the of restructuring The later. Assembly the affect may Which ties. necessi- its and conflict political the under rectly the indepen dence bill of the legislative authority starts incor especially projects reformation the that said be Tunisia.could statein It the and society civil opinion, public the occupied which pandemic the health of crisis the after came it toamend working that especially time, of lack the of terms in haste a be to considered is This system. the of cles arti- the all amending towards is effort main the that stated Ebrahim, Haitham committee, laws’ by the of head the 2020, of July of 20th the On cess. July,beforemonthlast the parliamentaryre the - of end the beforesystem the amend to worked Laws,electoral Parliamentary and and Immunity bylaws, the on Committee the period, mentary parlia first the during severetension the to Due procedure. the of rules the and amending on discussion work the to contrary period, itoring to stop at the filing level until the end of the mon process,legislative the stagesin early its beyond go not did However, it function. its for rules the the of Representativescontrol the of and the People of Assembly the of independence fi- nancial and administrative No. the Law to Basic related proposed 025/2020 a that indicated is It authorities. three the among clashes on based relationships the and interest partisan moves and stops according to the balances of the Assembly the of agenda parliamentary the sult, which also continues in the virtual space. As a re- starts with verbal altercation, insult and swearing it as sessions its and Assembly the of the corridors inside happens what broadcasting and ing networking social sites reflected this matter The by publish affairs. public the of management a and governance of policy a without scores ical polit the settle to stage a and programs having without speeches ideological the for platform a indecent witnessed scenes and the legislative institution has become has scene Parliamentary the data, this to parallel In heads. their and ties the amendment oftherulesprocedure The political conflict casts ashadow over ------in legaltexts. the willandpublicinterest crystallizing aconceptionof voter andthepeople of translatingthewill legislative authoritycapable of devotinganindependent is ataskrelatedtotheproof political differences.Rather, it it iswitnessinginlightof institution duetothedisruption the ideaof​​ is ataskthatgoesbeyond Representatives ofthePeople the Assemblyof The restructuringof reforming the

The semi-annual report 11 12 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center RepresentativesofthePeople inaccordance with therulesofprocedurecurrentlyinforce ThestructureoftheAssembly The Assembly of the Representatives of the People

The Presidency of the Assembly The Bureau of the Assembly The presidents’ conference The Committees

The Non-Permanent Committees The special committees The standing committees

The Com- The The The The Inves- The Inquiry The Com- The Com- The Com- The Com- The Com- The Com- The Elec- The Com- Health The The The The Com- The mittee of Committee Committee General tigative Committee mittee of mittee for mittee of mittee on mittee mittee toral Com- mittee for and Social Committee Committee Committee mittee of Committee the Martyrs on Agricul- of the Legislative Committee concerning Security Administra- Regional Disability of the of the mittee Monitoring Affairs of Youth, for Or- of Industry, Finance, on Rights, and Woun- ture, Food Rules of Committee concer- the Catas- and De- tive Reform, Develop- Affairs Affairs of Affairs of the Pro- Com- Cultural ganizing Energy, Planning Freedom ning the trophie of fense Good Go- ment ded of the and Mar- Women, Tunisians cesses of mittee Affairs, the Admi- Natural Security, Procedure, and Deve- and Conflicts Amdoun in vernance, Revolution ginalized Family, Abroad Voting and Educa- nistration Resources, Trade and Immunity, lopment Foreign of Interests the gover- Anti-Cor- and the Groups Child- Counting tion and and the Infrastruc- Related Parlia- Relations and Sus- norate of ruption and Implemen- hood, Scientific Affairs of ture and Services mentary picions of Beja Monitoring tation of Youth and Research the Armed Environ- laws and Corruption of Disposal the Gene- Elderly Forces ment Electoral related to of the Pu- ral Pardon Persons Laws the Prime blic Fund and Minister Transitio- nal Justice Law the blocs in choosing the presidency and the members of the committees in which they want to want they which in committees the of members the and presidency the choosing in blocs the among alternating chairs approvingsystem the of at beforecommittee aims amendment the The blocs.” the representation of tional propor the according to assigned are category same the from committees the of presidency The their representatives. representatives in the committees. If the deadlines are exceeded, the blocs are obliged to appoint The amendment of this article aims at setting deadlines to the parliamentary blocs to appoint their committees different competencies among its distributing through committees of number the in increase the and members 15 to 22 from members the of number the reduce to is intention current The members. its and Representativesof the Assembly of the committees the to related is article aforementioned The bylaws the of 9 article of subject is the which article this from excluded is Counting and Voting of Processes the itoring concerning each committee in which it decides to decrease its members. The Committee for Mon members its of 2/3 the approvedby be should decision this and members 22 that less be tobers The Assembly’s bureau has exceptionally the right to decide to decrease the number of the mem distributed on the basis of the largest remains. Each bloc has one seat in the committee for every 10 members in the bloc. The remaining seats are The committees are formed according to the rule of proportional representation among the blocs. parliamentarysession. the of opening the termand ry to the permanent disputes inside the Assembly, as that is known during the previous parliamenta- spite the earlier revision of the bylaws committee The political balances affected this de- direction due session, parliamentary each in deputies two his and Assembly the of Speaker the of election the regarding canceled was aforementioned article the of amendments the noteworthythat is It No.47. Article in defined were which amendments the with procedure of conformity rules also in re-voted the was be of to on No.13 Article mentarysession. parlia each of beginning the at deputies, two his and Assembly the of Speaker the of exception which bylaw, the the of with bureau, Parliament’s the No.47 and bureaus committees’ the Article of restructuring the for2020, provides of July of 8th Wednesday,the on session a in proved, ap- Procedure, Immunity, Electoral Laws of and Rules laws Parliamentary the on Committee the At theendofJuly, theCommittee finisheda set of revisions on several articles: Here isaset ofamendments before theParliamentary recess: bylaws in force: Chart: The structure of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People according to the current mentary session in accordance with the requirements stipulated in this bylaw.” this in stipulated requirements the with accordance in session mentary parlia of each exception be reconfigured shall opening speaker two deputies, at the the his of and ber of members. of ber council’s bureauthe largestincludes which thebloc based on the priorityofchoosing assigns num a disagreement, the there is case In blocs. the of heads the consultationcommittees with with the among are distributed responsibilities The representation. proportional of rule the consideration bloc concerning the responsibilities in the committees’ offices from the same class, while taking into bloc. any to belong not does who members of nominations the consideration of with datesfor membershipthe committeesthe of are organized in quota the terms of and bloc each for candi of the list the meeting the during and blocs the of heads the all inviting by meeting a holds Article64:The original text: “theCommittees consist of22members. the with bureau, Assembly’s the and bureaus Committees’ The “ text: original The 47: Article Article 70: The original text: “the council’s bureau determines the quota of each parliamentary each of quota the determines council’s bureau “the text: original The 70: Article the council’s candidature, submitting deadline for the after “ text: bureau original The 66: Article ------

The semi-annual report 13 14 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center At the legislative level, it has become clear that the tasks of the permanent Commit ofthe tasks schedules. work busy the created that Which This led to thinking about distributing areas.competenciesclear among more committees. This remains a lim several between has become dispersed and it large are level, tees legislative the At administratively. submitted to the Presidency of Parliament without actual results that can be translated legallyreports and with ends which events, to according task appropriate an into turned thus has role sight tion in the country, in the absence of a complete scientific and historical perception of it. The over an important armyinstitu- with in the to deal and insufficient it field remains military but Tunisia, the in week a training for receive DefenseCommittee and Security the of example,membersFor leaderships.military and security cientRather,knowledge it. of membership committeesthese in sought politically the to influence it is noticed that members of the committees are often far from this field and do not possess suffi- delicate of area and sensitive a relate functions to Oversight The People. the Representatives of the of Assembly the of roleoversightexpected the of model an important Committees) provides (Special Forces Armed the Affairs of the and mittee The oversight work of the Security and Defense Committee, the Administration Organization Com- work in addition to the financial position by approving the state budget. their monitoring and authority executive the representatives of from it withdrawing and fidence the legislative authority has a political function. One of its most important features is granting con movement, as the political position of the MP dominates over his legislative role. It is evident that It has become clear from the parliamentary work that the legislative work depends on the political clear on them conditions. of and grounds each of success the with valid only is link This versa. vice and first, the affects itself,of and legislative isbecausethe related function The inherent an to function. political latter the bylaws is important to somehow. But modifying structures and procedures is not important in Perhaps the restructuring of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People through amending meeting the of minutes the recordedin is warning the while session of the end the till participating from deprived being besides drawn threatensor with is insults speech morewho or his or memberscouncil.one Then session the of same the in system the respect to twice reminded was who representative every warns session the of head The following: the amendment the with chapter,accordance the statein toof graph The added sentence: “Or inflammatory speech calling for violence and hatred “of the second para- warning is recorded in the minutes of the meeting speech is withdrawn besides being deprived from participating till the end of the session while the tem in the same session or who insults or threatens one or more members of the council. Then his sys- the respect to twice reminded was representativeevery who warns session the of head The now. place takes what as committee, the of head the of agenda instead its set to power the have committee relevant the making at aims amendment new The others the then mittees com- the start, the from and time one for choose to used bloc Previously,biggest with. the work The Parliamentary scene:TheLegislative andpolitical function breaches the order or speaks without the permission from the head of the session. the of head the from permission the without speaks or order the breaches rapporteur.” assistant oldest the by replaced be shall he committee, the of presidency takesthe overor absent is rapporteur the When them. replace shall committee the of secretary deputy,the his and head the of absence the in and him replace shall In deputy Assembly. his committee, the of of the head the of absence the speaker the informing after written be should that means any with meeting call for and sessions its head to and bureau its consultation with the with agendaregulates its and Article 131: The original text: “ the head of the session reminds every deputy who obstructs or obstructs who deputy every reminds session the of head the “ text: original The 131: Article committee the of tasks the supervises committee the of head “The text: original The 78: Article ​​ direct relevance to national security.relevancenational directto However, - - - - -

bylaws are neither a goal in itself nor sufficient to reform the status of the legislature.sufficient the to reform nor the of status itself in goal a bylawsneither are of the aforementioned amendment structural the the and explainsconfirmation that reform This session. parliamentary first the in tions transformamajor - witness not did blocs its of terms in itself Parliament the that fact the despite affairs, public with dealing of worsening a to led has side political its on scene parliamentary The forcitizens, pretext the under defending of people”. “the identity of the participatoryconstitution comprehensive democracyin its and and the meaning valuesof the ing by suspecting the revolution and all its results. The Dignity Coalition remains far from understand Tunisian scene the the SecretaryConstitutional of Free of Party,the front the Mousa, on Abeer is them. in believing actually without them within work or institutions bypass to them allows these speeches by the direct link between these parties and the people, and it is a justification that to damage institutions and of procedures and their disruption dueextent to political differences. the This is justified within is session, parliamentary first the in it, in dangerous is However,what dimension. political a simultaneous as well as processes, classification The insults. mutual dominant discourses and contained common elements 1between a insults self-definition pattern, naming and insults, to amounted that reactions and andpopulist actions with emotional discourse, a charged, to exporting limited was function ofthe political The in favor one. was exhausted political Deputies of the position legislative the above, the to addition In that require cognitive specialization that exceeds the capabilities of the representative. himself without the presence of assistants who are able to provide complete data on various fields ited option in the end, in terms of the fact that parliamentary work is limited to the representative Total (individuals) Representatives The unaffiliated The Future bloc bloc The National Tounes) bloc Tunisia (Tahya The Long Live The Reformbloc Party bloc Constitutional The Free Coalition bloc The Dignity Tunisia bloc The Heartof bloc The Democratic Movement bloc The Ennahda Distributing theblocsand resignations duringthe first parliamentary term: of 2020 The 3rd of April Doesn’t exis 217 29 21 19 16 16 08 14 40 54 announcement of thebloc 14 April 2020 The 217 29 12 19 16 16 09 08 14 40 54 Representative, Faisal AlTebini Resignation Resignation 24 April 2020 of the The 217 29 19 16 16 09 39 13 08 14 54 The resignation Representative, announcement Representative Leila Gaeidan The joining of thebloc Mohamed Hamzawi Murad Al May 19, 2020 of the of the 217 19 16 16 09 09 39 13 28 14 54 Representative Resignation Resignation June 02, Makhlof Zohair of The 2020 The 217 19 16 16 09 09 39 27 14 14 54 Al MAbroukKorshid, Kamal AlAwadiand the Representatives Al AyashiZammal The resignationof June 25,2020 217 19 16 16 11 16 11 09 38 27 54 July 28,2020 The resignation representative, Zaghdod Al Mekki of the 217 19 16 16 11 09 10 38 27 17 54 resignation 30, 2020 of LiliaBel August The 217 Leil 19 26 16 16 11 10 18 38 54 9 -

The semi-annual report 15 16 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center The council hadmet twiceduringthemonitoring period: of the council. This actually happens as all the ministries attend in addition to the Prime Minister. cept of multi-faceted and differently defined national security, to justify the expanded composition con the on also powers,Council’s and its defines the that of law One Chapter coverbroadof the education, social affairs, vocational training, employment and etc... Perhaps it is possible to rely on powers of the council. In addition to security, defense and diplomacy, there are the fields of health, of committees headed by the ministries who are in charge of the responsibilities that are under the resources. And based on the aforementioned republican decision, the naturalcouncil consistsits protect of aand number people its of safetyintegrity, the territorial its ensure and independence, its and State the of sovereignty the maintain to order in strategicvision of framework the within interests vital State the protection the arerelated of the of council ensuring powersthe to The of Council. Security National the in tees which is dated back to the 30th of October of 2017 regarding the formation of permanent commit Council National Security the of PresidentHead the Republicthe of the and of decision The 2017. The legal framework: The governmental order No.70 of 2017, dated back to the 19th of January of authorities. other the of work interferencethe in his powers. Many persons see that a part of the president’s work and his practice speech to are order considered in an President the Tunisian of platforms the of one was Council Security National affairs.public managementthe concerningthe of the of institution discussion debate The a a and executivethe of secondhead authority. doors opened also it, which by issued speech was The for the with and authorities the of rest the with balance to than clash and conflict a confrontationto closer a is that in powers his of maximum the use to president the permits scene political The opinion. national public attracts the of part a the political arena including parties and national organizations, relying on apolitical discourse that by scene using its Tunisian powersin the and institutions. Each party also seeks position to link political among the rest its of the component ensure of to party each of attempts the to according Under the current political regime and the duality of the executive authority, the political balances term. mentary parlia 2nd the membersin changedits numbersof the and blocs accordingthe thattomoreand in Article No.34 of the bylaws of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People. 7 members or stipulated minimum the decreased that resignations of and number a witnessed partisans which independants gathers which bloc technical a is It bloc. Future the of dissolution the concerning confirmed was news the 2020, of September of 30th the to August of 1st the on recess mentary Before the start of the second parliamentary term with the start of October and during the parlia Party. Constitutional Free Tunisian the and Movement scene Parliamentary The before. transformed was asa into severea conflict directions specific Ennahda among which Islamic by the led are it period, as Assembly the of the monitoring tensions the reflect during doesn’t it theblocs data, distributing in stability proportional the Despite The meetings of the council were frequent during the period of the complete quarantine, but it but quarantine, complete the of period the during frequent were council the of meetings The The Executive Authority: The National SecurityCouncil: The Presidency oftheRepublic: “thepower oftheweek “ The 17thofApril2020 The 28thofSeptember of2020 2

2020September 28 2 . April 202017 - - - - 4 3 of April. 12th on the gazetteofficial tunisian the in of 2020 of April 4th on the ratified was authorization bill The The legal framework ofthemandate: The duration oftheauthorization: many persons that it was actually delayed as a response to the necessity of the health emergency. tion Dignityand the Heart of party,Tunisia concerning the authorization which was considered by Coali the Movement:, Ennahda the it behind Assembly,and the of presidency the and Ministry cusing on the committee of the bylaws The political crisis affected the relation between the Prime the authorization. Which led the Prime Minister, Elias Fakhfakh to think in withdrawing the bill. Fo- duration of the powersand workedthe decrease Ministry.tothem Prime of the Both became he the work of the Assembly and rebuilda new political scene, especially he raised controversy since tighten to decrees the exploit would Fakhfakh that anxious system were ruling the of parties the stipulates that the authorization is restricted in the term and the powers of the authorized person, garding the parties’ fear of expanding re- the powers controversy of the prime ministry. sparked Although the authorization constitution for request minister’s prime the situation, economic and moreeffectively. Despite criticalthe the situation in health its implicationsand thesocial State on Assembly oftheRepresentatives ofthe People was seriously raised to enableittpractice its work the through mandated being for issue The Covid+19 virus the of spread the of crisis the faced er lat Fakhfakh,the Al Elias of government the of work the of months second the of start the With tutions. as a means of exceptionaldealing with circumstances that disrupt ofinsti the normalfunctioning - constitution the by the provided is which of hypothesis a is Assembly It arisen. has the people the Representatives of through ministry prime the mandating of problem the period, this During Council. Security National the of institution the through governmentsecondforming a the of accused was he as Essebsiformer Caid president,the era Beji of in arisen had issue This himself Republic the of President the of powers the within that remains Estimating that. for mechanisms the and intervention parliament’s the of areas the define to how is remains security, what national of concept the especially concepts, legal its general and framework and structure broad the on based and Court, Constitutional the of absence the In intense. was time at that dispute political the that interpretation, especially political a for opportunity an was 2020, of April of 17th the on meeting the from People the Representatives of the of sembly speakergive As- exceptions the doesn’t the of presidents. absence also of other The it the And to parties. all addressed to messages political carry which Republic the Presidentof the the of speeches for occasion an was council the of meetings The period. monitoring the during fewer came coalition

The primeministry: .Lookatthefollowinglink:https //: Law No.19 of 2020 which is dated to the 12th of April of 2020 regarding mandating the Prime Min Prime regarding the 2020 mandating of April of 12th the datedto is which 2020 of No.19 Law Thelinkforthe authorization Tunisia Theauthorization ister in issuing decrees in order to face the repercussions of the spread of Coronavirus (Covid 19) ArticleNo.70from the Constitution:Tunisian 12 2020April ofFakhfakhinissuingdecrees lawLookatthe followinglink:https//: bit.ly2/ImVr2B tocombat 5 11 June

theepidemic 2020 bit.ly2/H4h7jX and it was stamped and published stampedand was it and 4 ,causedagreta divisioninsidetheruling - - 3

The semi-annual report 17 18 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center return Perhaps there are necessities for the health pandemic, but the level of cooperation between the cooperation between of level the but pandemic, health the for necessities are therePerhaps doors process.forinterpretationopen the harmful which to desirable and are not that levels. This calls for the necessity of working on it and completing it to avoid problems of this kind, two the between relation the framework of legal the from far is it but life, political regardingthe observation his for reasons are there Perhaps,authority. central the of decisions the of respect the on called Republic the of President the Also direction. this proceduresin any with advance in the heads of municipalities to cooperate with the government and informing the central authority between the local and central authority. This has become clear after a governmental leaflet, calling clarity and coordination insufficient is therethat clear become has it epidemic, health the During The numberofthedecrees that were issued: The voting: the inner regions. inner the located in is what or ones new the especially municipalities in working join todesire thatployees administrative em high the and employees the for incentives financial and privileges presenting with or recruitment assignment through the happens that management. And formation its the of in shortage a severe from suffer that municipalities of high benefit the assign tofor employees administrative how regulates issue This groups. local the of interest the for servants civil the of the positions in the movement to related of 2020, May of the 19th on official gazette the of tion could contribute positively. As a governmental order No.315, which was issued in the last publica- governmental that orders some of issuance the overcome, despite efforts to serious and enough institutions with citizens. The reality confirms the continuation of several obstacles that there isn’t The numbers confirm that the local authority could participate on a large scale in linking the public Authority. Local the of situation the explains portionally pro- that statistics and numbers some provided ministry Prime The level. practical the at appear that obstacles many witnesses it As late. is Tunisia in authority local the forming of process The in health crisis The crisisoftherelation between thecentral authority andtheotherpartiesduring The local authority absentions municipalities 02 ! the 6 of 2Hgy3Um/ly.bit //:https benefit the for servants :link and following employees 17 no decrees the administrative at Look .incentives high 34 of employment and grants 178 -re yes financil the Towards rewarding for 6 - stateemployeesaccordingto employees, accordingtoElias Percentage ofemployeeswor ployees per100,000residents rityoutofthetotalnumber king inthefieldoflocalautho workinginthefieldoflocal The proportionofpublicem number ofstateemployees percentageofemployees Theproportionofcurrency workinginthefieldoflocal budget to thestatebudget Percentage ofemployees International ratesofthe International Theratioofthemunicipal authorityoutoftotalstate Tire ratioinmunicipalities authorityoutofthetotal wire inthemunicipalities the budgetlawof2019 11% 06% 10% Fakhfakh's statement 28% 75% 5% 6.2 - - - sure pluralism at the local level. local the at pluralism sure en- to parties other the to challenge a poses This lists. electoral its presented which one only the was it And at the local level in competition with independent lists. da Movement: remains the party with the most presence On a level related to politicallife at thelocal re-elections. level, and the- Ennah dissolution their to lead which disagreements partisan and political the of because disrupted still are councils municipal the as period, previous the repeatedfrom is iya Kantasho Al-Shabika. Al-Marji, Qurba, Fossana, the Sahel Mu’tamir, and Kesra,Zaw of municipalities the in accepted were didiasis can- and ratified been had 2020 of election municipal the declaredof schedule the that 2020, of Elections June of 20th the foron Authority High Independent (importance)constitutionallegal sizeposition and and central authority and the local authority doesn’t reflect the political and legal side. legal and political the from work political and governmental the in thorities au- independent the of members the of involvement the concerning question a raised Service, Public the of minister a as Mechichi El government of the of mation the forfor within Authority Elections, High dependent In- the of member the Suleiman, Ben Hasnaa Choosing 2020. day.August 31st the before are submitted nominations that provided education), tant, assistant professor, lecturer or professor of higher (assis ( professor university a and judge investigativeruling judge, a judge, to elections for Authority High Independent the of composition the of one-third of al On July 18, 2020, nominations were opened for renew parliamentary lastround. the since laws regulatory their of ratificationof the completion the despite constitution, inthe stipulated bodies constitutional five the of any to elect unable was Representatives the of Assembly bodies remain The Tunisia. in tensions political the to constitutional due disrupted the of formation The constitutional bodiesandinstitutions. The formation oftheindependent The HumanRights Committee councils affects thelocal authority The continuation ofinstability inthemunicipal Independent HighAuthorityfor Elections mittee. Com - rights Human the to related 2018, of October 2012 of December Basic Law No.51 of 2018, dated back to the 29th of of th the to back dated 2012, of No.32 Law Basic 7 This is the same situation that 8 - - - -

The semi-annual report 19 20 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center INPDP the guarantee of state institutions and the second is hasfirst the oversightthe roleas overParliament, the government of and Presidency the and Republic the of Presidency the to reporters two sent administrative and the judiciary towent and AlTabibdismissal Shawky the accept refusedto a debate dueitsrelation to apolitical conflict amongtheprimeminister andthepolitical parties. the dismissal of the head of an independent authority from the prime minister, the dismissal raised authorities public pendant the inde to a side negative resignation the takes of impact The Commission. Anti-Corruption the of head the dismiss to Fakhfakhdecided Elias Minister Prime the 2020, of August of 24th the On Tabib.Al Shawqi sion, commis the of head the with ending and movement Ennahda the of ministers the with starting opponents, his as considered he whom those of revenge” “political a on keen However,was he president. the of hands the in minister prime the name to initiative the keep to and list the avoid to resigned minister prime the Meanwhile, toaccelerate, withdrawing list of after deposited a it confidence him. from sure on the prime minister in the context of the dispute over his dismissal,whichEnnahdasought linked to Prime Minister Elias Fakhfakh, to are the which financial interests and justice of court. conflict It of increased political suspicions pres- to related file a referredcommission Previously,the term. to the parliamentary secondpostponed was battle The presidency. the of hand the from initiative the restore to was justification The renewitsformula. court. constitutional the of law the to of amendments the reviewingaccelerate to waiting is the turn, choosing in failure the members to of the court. led The parties of which the rulingIt, in debate system and thea long ones which are loyal to under them chose remains court constitutional The la torture). Agency (Instance de bod other constitutional Prevention the Torture la prévention from and Authority isn’t pour different Access nationale Information bodies the independent as such other ies, of situation The the current independent body. poned battle among the political parties, which part of them sought to revise the order organizing The agenda of the Assembly continues reviewing the bill of creating HAICA It is the same as a post tomemberssion elect Despitecompletion Assemblythe nominations, the the of faileda to set date ses- plenary the for During June2020,consideration of candidacy files fortheAuthority was completed. The nomination ofthemembers oftheHumanRights Commissionhasnotbeen completed bit.ly/3nm25VX decision ofthe dismissaloftheheadNational Anti-Corrption Authority, thebrigadier, Shawki Al Tabib https:// 11 head oftheNational 10 9

The Anti-corruption Commission The HighIndependant AuthorityoftheAudiovisual Commission The GoodGovernance andAnti-Corruption Commission The Commissionfor Sustainable Development andFuture Generations .TN/posts3240425316027067 Committee. Generations..Future of Rights the and ment

A unifiedstatement The A Basic Law No.51 of 2017, dated back to the 29th of October of 2017, related to the Human rights Sustainable Develop Commission for the relating to 2019 July dated9 2019 of 60 No. Law Basic statementfrom 25international,regionaland localhumanrightsorganizations condemnandrefuse the Tunisian officialGazzetteLookatthefollowinglink Anti-CorruptionCommission ,Brigadier fromtheindependent and the civil society organizationssociety civil the and 10 public 9 bodiescondemnsandrejects GeneralShawkyAlTabib : https://bit.ly/2Tm2F9t . And far from the legal basis of legalbasis farthe from And 11. thedecision https//: www.facebookcom/ todismissthe - - - - -

13 Carthage Palace. the 2ndofSeptember of2020,beforethePresident oftheRepublic,Kais Saeied,duringaconvoythat washeldat 12 atthe justice transitional Firstof Court Instance in Tunis,in Thursday 8, 2020, examinedJuly specializedcasesof number a martyrs the of department judicial the period, monitoring the During Gabes and Kasserine, Sidi Bouzid, Bizerte, El Kef, Gafsa, Kairouan, Medenine, Monastir and Nabeul. reported is It that there are courtscircuitsfirstthe 13 of of each in instance in Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, 2020. September 24 Thursday and September 21 Monday on Tunisia in circuit criminal competent the of sessions the of delay the after recess judicial the of end the since cases justice transitional in delaythird the body.is It 24, September for 2020 in scheduled the Court of First sessions Instance in justice Sfax untiltransitional December 03, 2020all due to the changeof in the judicial delay the Including movement. The No Return movement indicated that there had been a delay in the hearings due to the judicial 2020. of movement judicial the after judges of departments its emptying of suspicion sparkedcontroversyeventhe tohas due and turn, in slow is partments de- specialized the of work the that given stalled, remains process accountability the damages, victims’ the reparation for of start the and fund compensation the of opening the and turn in er lead- official in the revolution the of wounded and martyrs of lists the of publication the waiting programs action the and implement recommendations and proposals presentedplans to therein. obligatory for the government to implement the recommendations contained in it, and to becomes prepare It system; justice transitional the organizing and establishing to related 2013 of Law of 70 53 No. Article with in accordance flagship official the in published was report the latter, but of the stalling to the led justice process transitional the and track political the of overlapping The in the official gazette is considered apositive step. Since its publication, it has raised many reservations from many parties, but its official publication 2020. 25, ofon June Republic Tunisia of the flagship official the in Commission TruthDignity the and of report final of the publication the with ended Tunisia in justice transitional of process slow The tion on the 9th of September of 2020. of September of 9th the on tion toopinion the public Tabib Al to announce the withdrawal led of his refusal to data implement the decision, and he published that these All decision. resignation his implemented Fakhfakh Al Elias which in day same of2020 of September 2nd on the Commission Anti-Corruption National the of head the as Boukhreiss Emad named Saeied Kais Republic, the of President The bodies. public independent The path ofthetransitional justice:

EmadBoukhreises,thehead oftheNational Anti-Corruption Commission,took theoathtoday,Wednesday A publicopinion reportissuedbyBrigadierGeneral Shawky The officialpage ofthe . This issue endedwiththe refusal13. This of the Administrative Courtonhispeti- Tunisian Presidency of theRepubliconFacebook Al-Tabib onhispersonalFacebook page https://bit.ly/2K89z0E 12the

The semi-annual report 21 22 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center lic on July15, lic 2020. Meanwhile,what and in was considered apolitical maneuver by the Ennahda Elias Fakhfakh, after five months of work, submitted his resignation to the President of the Repub YoussefAl-Shahed. and Commission Dignity Truthand the Elias Fakhfakh, Commission, Anti-Corruption National the with happened as bodies, independent formerpresident republicthe intensificationof EssebsiThe or Caid Beji political of crises affecting the of death the as such surprises unexpected faces republic second the when especially tence, its exis for the need appears always which Court, Constitutional the of absence the in initiatives political their serve to them interpreting and subjugating by process political the in law the and constitution the authorities, of heads three the of exploitation the demonstrated has crisis This covid crisis and its aftermath. The second part of the second transition crisis concerns a special axis on social policy between the most important powers to head the government. government and negotiations to form governments, considering that the political system gives the government of former Minister of Interior Hisham El Mechichi. Here we dealt with the work of the withdrawal of confidence from the government of Ilyas Fakhfakh and the negotiations to form the controversy the the over with emerge to continued crisis transition second the of symptoms The Numbers could bedisplayed aboutthework inthesecircles: It isamongalimited numberofcases publishedbefore thejudiciary. Kasbah. the in revolution the of events the in Al-Hanashi Mohamed and Al-Khadrawi,AymanAl-Aqili Baset Palavat, martyrsAbdel in the and revolution the of events the Al-Farhani in Anis martyr the namely capital, the revolution in the of files ofthesevere resignation: Withdrawing confidence from the primeminister andEliasas Fakhfakh presents his The crisisofthesecond transition 1120 human rights violation of 155 victims corruption file corruption 1426 accused 49 persons the courts ofthe the courts of thefilesin referred files referred 50% 204 Authority from the capital - - and several and towardsparties nationalgovernment competencies. a of cal belt. Her demand faced public opinion and a decisive direction from the national organizations the existing balance according to the parliamentary blocs, with the need to provide a broad politi on based government political a of formation the demanded Ennahda Movement Ennahda the state.the in wings governmentFakhfakh,of termscontinuationin the whatmeans of with this the of the of struggle the in origin the of terms in name toprotested Interior,Ennahda the whom of Minister the ishi, to draw the army into the political conflict. The President of the Republic named Hisham El-Mech seeking while alliances regional in it put and state the bomb to “parties” some of attempts local licly disclosed, especially with regard to the statements of the Presidency of the Republic about the It is clear that there is a struggle between the wings of power in Tunisia, but its details are not pub the Representatives of Assembly Speakerconfidence the from the the People. of of coalition workedruling the were that its continue to withdrawto within blocs efforts other While in the hands of the President of the Republic, so that he proposes a new name. Such as accelerating the resignation of Al Fakhfakh which is an opportunity to return the initiative withdraw confidence from a government that does not exist. da Movement is null and void once the government submits its resignation, as it is not possible to Based on the reading of the President of the Republic, Qais Saeed, the list presented by the Ennah stitution in the absence of the constitutional court. minister. This is considered an attempt to benefit politically from the options provided by the con Movement,latterthe withdrawinga list of submitted confidence the from aforementioned prime government Mechichi to form the Naming HishamEl the president of cided to dismiss all theministers Al Fakhfakh de of the Ennahda the Ennahda of resignation to Movement in 15th July 15th July the republic presents his the govern Al Fakhfakh 2020 2020 ment. Negotiations to formthe government ofHishamEl-Mechichi - - confidence from confidence from Live Tunisia bloc the Assemblyof Ennahda MoveEnnahda The Democratic present alist of tinuous session tinuous its assertion its to the Speaker of ment inacon form Bloc, the the Represen Council ofthe Council National Bloc, withdrawal of withdraw the tatives ofthe and theLong and 16th July 15th July and declaresand Bloc, theRe Al Fakhfakh 2020 2020 The Shura People Atimeline for someofthedetails ofthepolitical conflict

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2020September wouldn’t pass... “agents’ ‘ inside 02 conduct acabi tour, escalates announces his announces stressing that his speech byhis 22th July 13th July the “conspir on asecurity on net reshuffle and outside and intention to Kais Saeied, the country 2020 2020 acies’ ‘ of Fakhfakh - -

government, to rejects any par of the Republicof tions onanewtions tisan consulta The President name Hisham form thenew 13th July government. 25th July the resigned Al-Mashishi, Al-Mashishi, government Kais Saeied Minister of decides to Interior in 2020 2020

- - government The approval for the confidence from Democratic Bloc Assembly ofthe Assembly Representatives drawal ofconfi Heikal Al-Makki dence from the the billofwith has reached 73 Speaker ofthe The Represen votes to reject 13th July 30th July withdrawal of of Parliamentof confirms that of the Peopleof tative ofthe the Speaker signatures. Parliament the list of 2020 2020 - - - The 41st session consultations to withdraw confi dence from the of the Ennahda the Ennahda of form new ones Shura Council, and launching launching and 12th July the option to government, confirming 2020

202025 July - southern Tunisia there attempt to the army onthe of theRepublic winside and background of the state The President in a smuggler declares that the killingof 8th July to 2020 blow up isaneffort from push an

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The semi-annual report 23 24 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center president of the republic. the the of of vision president special a within role its play to presidency the of keenness the and court, tutional consti - the especially bodies constitutional the of itself, absence scene the partisan the of nature the from a reality actually is it and parties, political the of problem the considered be could This example. forParty, Current Democratic the and People’s Movement the of situation the is This far elections. early from and opponents have doesn’t which government independent an favored also parties Other elections. legislative early to resorting or work its continuing governmentFakhfakh Elias the is which worst-casescenario, the avoid to order In 2020. of 25th the August on deadlines constitutional the of end beforethe the movement, to or hostile opposing affiliations political from names include not does that cies governmentnew the togovernmentsupport a acceptpossibility thatthere a and competen is of - Representatives, expressed the of Assembly the in party largest the Movement, Ennahda the As August of 2020. However, rejectionist situations began to change with the launch of the third round on the 17th of Coalition. Dignity Democratic the Current,the and ment, People’s the of Move Heart Tunisia, - the Movement, Ennahda the parties, the by rejected widely desire government independent confirming a his to competencies.was This of up form ended shi At the conclusionof the first andsecond ofnegotiationsround to form the government, Al-Mishi However, hesaiddid notprovide details inrespect ofthedutyreservation. files. corruption Current Party,Democratic confirmed indicating a similarfinding, the the existence ofpolitical blackmail exploiting of Secretary and government resigned the in Minister Abbou, Mohamed While party. Tunisia of Heart the and Coalition, Dignity the movement, Ennahda the by issued was president”. This the of government “second the rejecting of heading the under parliament, to and return parties political ignore to not need the stressing were parties all meantime, the In Is itreally thepresidency oftherepublic isthereason behindthemarginalization oftheparties? the end of the crisis. the of end the after effects and manner the results toevaluate dimensional possible a are countedin them after only is it proportionally, while applied or implemented been have procedures all Practically, not its and repercussions. crisis health the confront to measures of number a taken has government Tunisian The them. of preservation and promotion the to contribution sector’s public the and rights, economic and social considers re- that review multi-level and comprehensive definite, a needs which Tunisia, in policies social of impotence the confirmed that impact social their to due themselves present elements These Which provides apicture ofthetransition anditscircumstance. epidemic. the confront to state’sconstraintsresistancesthe the facedbyand of aspect secondregardendeavor the with to crisis, health the of repercussions the confront to state the by taken decisions and mechanisms measures, of set the in appeared that aspect practical / experimental the with starts analysis Its rights.problematic democraticthe human of to and transition in crisis health the of occasion questionsTunisia the raises on related policy social on section This A specialsubject:Thesocialpolicybetween thecovid crisisanditsaftermath The Actionswhichare taken to confront theepidemic: - rimand for those who violate them: violate who those for rimand were issued that restricted the right to texts movement the following and assembly, of exception, and stipulatedthe penalties state and rep- regulating Constitution the of 80 Article to According of the deficiencies and shortcomings that must be overcome. Perhaps a health emergency is not a suitable circumstance for reform, but it is certainly a reflection deficiencies. the absorbing of capable policy integratedofficial an for need its systemand rights human the of intertwining the necessity,natureand health confirmed Tunisian a which The of measures stateof takenset has a reviewed in order to unify the management of the crisis and avoid the security approach in this in approach security the avoid and crisis the of management the unify to order in reviewed be to needs power.This biggest the became Interior of Ministry the and centers security the as security the mainly was administration major The obstacles. the to solutions find to approached to be activists’ hadnetworkthe the authorities of relationships the on themselves,based while is which work a field matter required circumstances. This similar under duty exercising its in culties diffi- encountered has society,which civil Tunisian the especially it, to exposed were that raised were problems as many texts, of these application practical the about is question However,the The healthprocedures: regulating the measures of the health quarantine. Coronavirus. with infected being of suspected or infected persons for measures and tine quaran comprehensive - the specifying and Heights Golan the preventing of violation the manding two presidential orders related to the curfew and regulating the gatherings of emergency emergency gatheringand walking the of curfew in the republic Governmental decree No.208 of 2020 which is dated back toMay 2, 2020, regarding directing and repri- to pertaining 2020, 17, April to back dated is which 2020 of 9 No. decree Governmental Presidential decree No.58 of 2020 which is dated back to the 8th of June of 2020 terminating the Presidential decree No.54of2020 isdated which to the29thofMay of2020 extending the state of state a declaring 2020 of April of 28th to dated is which 2020 of 38 No. Decree Presidential March 2020 relatingdetermination of to dated 22nd is the to which Presidential 28 Decree No. Presidential Decree No. 24 which is dated to the 18th of March or 2020, relating to the complete

The semi-annual report 25 26 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center conditions. It also emphasized that the right to health is not isolated from other social, economic and cultural the features of other deep and chronic crises. tion to confront Corona have not been fulfilled on the ground.The spread of the epidemic exposed After seven months, the Young Doctors Association confirmed that all promises about the prepara- crises. facingsimilar of pable infrastructure health a of absence ca- the is affected duty actually their What performance of the front line. the in confronting epidemic of burden the the under sector remained health workers citizens, while the the affectedmeasures in of These most regard. madan, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, and on the occasion of school and university return, ranging return, university and school of occasion the on and al-Adha, Eid and al-Fitr Eid madan, Ra- of month the of expenses the with it help to is aim the decision, the of text the to According According to thisdecision,additional subsidies were paid to needy families. card. disability a holds who son a has thatfamily forthe d 200 totalbecomes the that so amount, basic the to added and d, 20 becometo d, 10 of amount the i.e. once, doubled is it, called decision the grant, as additional or supplementary The cease. livelihood of sources the thus sectorsand all which in epidemic of period a in especially 2020, sia It is an unrealistic amount and has nothing to do with the financial needs of the individual in Tuni the latter has been ordained in education, training or training. that has a son under the sponsorship whose age is under 18 years to the limit of 25, provided that The aforementioned chapter also regulates a supplementary amount, i.e. 10 dinars for each family grant between an individual and a single family. Chapter 2 of the aforementioned decision may be blamed for the combination of attribution ofthis dinars. estimatedis 180 it at and basis, monthly a on paid be toamount, basic intogranta divided The is program. safety social the to relating law basic the is possibility this forframework legal The beneficiaries. transfers for of amount the calculating for method the specified decision This AffairsMinisters Finance. Social and of forgrantsfamilies,wereAs the needy theytobetween the seizedassigned decisions jointtwo by The SocialProcedures: per year.per dinars 5000 exceed not do salaries whose persons those for made is exception An budget. the to terms,Tunisianthe charterowners were subjected daytocontributing a working from their wages State’s the of benefit the budget.Under 2020 for April of day working a of regardingdeduction the benefit of the poor and low-income groups. amountsof the the and of fixing cases attribution 2020, circumstantial19, support material for the gram. directof transfersfinancial benefit poor the the for of groups benefitingthe social from safety pro- ment of public institutions and facilities, and administrative departments. related to regulating the exceptional provisions which are related to the civil servants, the manage- A decreeA from Minister,Prime the 2020, datedof is April which of 2020 to14th back of the No.5 Secondly: A joint decision of the Minister of Social Affairs and the Minister of Finance dated May Firstly, the decision of May 19, 2020, related to controlling the method of calculating the amount A Decree from the Prime Minister No. 7 of 2020 which is dated back to the 17th of April of 2020, - empty of thousands of needy families. needy of thousands of empty was its database that clear it became administrative difficulties, and structural the to addition In dating social and economic inequality. Based on dealing with the health emergency, the social protection system is deficient in accommo- cial Fund for Confronting the Covid Epidemic, the Fund No. 1818. Among its sources is the deduction of workers’ salaries, in addition to citizen donations to the Spe- protectionsocial the is system. Byreviewing aforementionedthe texts, the state’s pre-existing the on based policy was system. It debt. families’ the regarding Consumption of Institute National the of achievements wereby published theCentralTunisiaBank of arewhich loans on directed to families,the on and onthe based persons, which and data statistics the of natural on based also was project The field. the comparative in experiences indebtedness excessive of situations pro- and the mechanisms address of to set cedures a includes that framework integrated an develop to aims bill This feasibility.determineits and it evaluate to order in beneficiaries of number the and size,timing, disbursement,its its of method However, practically, the same numberis considered limited, asthere information no is the about groups. vulnerable of benefit the for livelihoods of creation the and needs special with groups the developing for programs and institutions work social Tosupport m.d. 30 of value total a with groups, vulnerable the support to created been also has program special A Without value. dinars 180 the exceed not mentioning do they that provided recipients, CNRPS / CNSS for mainly is It sons and institutions according to the implications of the spread of the Coronavirus “Covid-19”. relatedfoundationstothe measures the support supportwhich and national solidarity of per for A Decree from the Prime Minister No.30 of 2020 which is dated back to the 10th of June 10 of2020, ones. relevant the of needs living the to responding from far is it that in one first the with shares it circumstantial and grant, a is It family.the for dinars 120 and 50 between sive indebtedness of natural persons: The 6th of August of 2020: The Cabinet approved a draft law dealing with the situations of exces- -

The semi-annual report 27 28 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center The following map, it is a review of the numbers of suspected corruption cases by state: by cases corruption suspected of numbers the of review a is it map, following The communique official the to cording ac- counted was it after details the followingis the and suspicious, two to linkedwasespecially It The suspicionsare related to: justice. social and equality guarantee that conditions socio-economic the provide state’sto failurethe profound with observed been has link direct A cases during the health epidemic have led to a focal point in the concerns of provided Tunisian only public opinion. for the public sector. Based Which on is the numbers what and we reports careof the about Anti-Corruptionat Commission,this the followinglevel. numbersThe canSuspected be corruption crisis. the of complexity and increase the in resulted which report is the overlap the of corruption inof the stateperiod with themonitoring weak levelthe of values during appeared that level important However,an shown. viously pre- been have that measures social and health of deficiencies the is obstacles main the of One ients of social aid and grants in front of post offices. In addition, the poor organization and administration caused chaos and overcrowding of the recip- It even led,at acertain stage, to cause violations ofthehealthprocedures. as the quarantine increased the financial and living difficulties of a large segment ofTunisians. The economic and social situation represented one of the obstacles to implementing the measures, solidarity, citizen cial, role. and so- latter,for the the As of complete absence the interest, of light basic in its in favourworks it of privatethe sector.of rise the faceof the in inability provedgeneral,its has in sector public service and educational health, the crises, facingsimilar in elements helpful and basic the of One solution. circumstantial a it is nor crisis, social ing The value of aids are very limited. This issue proves that it is not the solution to confront the exist Constraints andresistances andtheirdimensions: 871employees inthepublic sector at thecentral andlocal levels ​​and citizen awareness, -

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The semi-annual report 29 30 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center human rights legislations related to of policies and The development freedoms, in light of the 2014 constitution. 2014 the of light in freedoms, and rights individual about claims permanent and the human rights movement continues in the usual rights, human to approaches piecemeal promote Just as political parties and institutions continue to them. sustains that reality social and institutional the from lated Tunisiain rights Human iso remainof policies The also continued during the quarantine. Police forces Arbitrary practices against journalists bloggers and means”. hostile of use the and crimination dis inciting by population the or religions races, She was charged with “advocating hatred between opinion in what is known as the Surat Corona case. public Tunisianraised al-Sharqi Amna of case The The freedom ofexpression inTunisia sentenced for 6 months in prison 2020 2, July until postponed been staterelease. a of in keepingher while 28, May Tunison in Instance First of Court the of circuit sacrilege. of cused ac- was she after blog the to listened Tunis in InstanceFirst of Court the of Prosecutor Public The 14th of July of 2020: Amna Al-Sharqi was has blogger,Al-Sharqi, the Amna of case The prenatal 3 the to her referto decided was It the 2020, of May of 6th the Wednesday On 1 - - Republic: of committing an indecent act against the President of the charges on incident crossing Jdir Ras restedthe following ar was who man young the of case the tofollow-up a In bic version, Moez Harizi wrote, April 28,2020. that Kais Saeied’s demand for his release is not Tunisia true, Vision Net Ara- against president the of republic the incident inthe Jdir.. of Ras and news the 4 21st of April of 2020,Mamoun Tounsi Al wrote of state insulted who person the Kais ..Seizing on news Sabah the Saeied, Al 3 https://bit.ly/3kHC02d Nawaat, Muhammad Yassin Al-Jallasi, April 15,2020. 2 real names. Some accounts used pseudonyms, but most of them were followers.manyhave not do that accountsprivate fluencers, journalists, and most but themare of “regular” in bloggers, activists, to belong accounts affected the of Some disabled. were Tunisia in residing users by owned On the 29th of May of 2020, about 60 Facebook accounts ued. contin case the as releasedbefore being Bouchoucha, in centerdetention the in days two for remained he Where lette. about talks sterilization he materials Gou La of municipality the used by which in Facebook on posted he clip eo of inciting confusion and incitement, after he filmed avid blogger and student Muhammad Amin Sa’dou, on charges of area the In illegally. quarantine mandatory the left had who wife his and businessman a returning of process the film to order in process, security the accompanying was he while And area. that in film to license a show not did he that pretext the under filmed had he videos and photos the remove he that demanded and hours two for him tained de- and state, the in FM Shams Radio of correspondent in Nabeul state arrested the journalist Montaser Sassi, the

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The semi-annual report 31 32 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center https sanctions to attack freedom of expression, Support Center, 27July 2020 Tunisian, regional and international organizations, No of to use the freedom-depriving ee rqet uig h mntrn period: monitoring the during frequent expression were of freedom the against rulings deterrent the Also, caused”.this inconvenienceany 5 for apologize we and themselves, express or post to anyone’sability restrict of personal files, which are now restored. We were not trying to number small a error,removedtechnicalrecently wea to “Due said: company the accounts, deactivated the about contacted counts and 20 accounts appeared again, and when the Guardian ners“Axenaw” were to“I’mable recoverand Vigilant” ac- some final. is Facebook’sdecision Facebookthe that and trusted part use to “ineligible” are they that informed been have users The This was donewithoutany priornoticefrom theplatform. disabled. also been have accounts Instagram their that reported users Some this groupthis singing was inTunis, interview, Radio Shams FM,August 27,2020.https:// 10 cial 9 France /24AFB,the5th of August of2020 8 7 Tounis- editorial the team, of 24th the July of 2020. 6 The guardian,Cordall, Simon 4 Speakman June 2020. 5 party Tunisian any by to sponded re- been have demands such that time first the However,it is such requests. made has Shaker Hani is that it time that first noteworthy the not is Although It 2020, licenses. September obtained previously and con they August their for holding from scheduled Kamal certs Omar and 2020 Shakoush of August Hassan of 27th and issued the on Shaker decision a Hani Syndicate request Musicians the Egyptian Tunisian the to of the responded Professions, Hammami, Musical Maher of Syndicate precedent, dangerous a In ly3/lDX5M1

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//:bit ,27 . - - - - In thePress Freedom Index Globally Arabic Rank 72 1 BM The Press Council, which has been awaiting its establishment since 2012, consists of nine members prepare a “code of ethics for the profession” and ensure that it is respected by media institutions. nity, private life and violation of the ethics and rules of the journalistic profession. journalistic the of rules and ethics the of violation and nity,privatelife dig human disrespectof the to due it, of part exploita to or it republishto not and pages, media social its all and website official its from removed be should 2020 March 27 Friday on broadcast program’sthe wasAlso,fine Also, that a episode as dinars 50,000 with 9 channel broadcastedin is that all Tunisians’ are ‘we program the permanently stop to decided HAICA the body tutional relevant consti- the forming not sector,to addition media in the monitor regulateand could that institution no other is organizations. media There run country the in politicians active manyAlso, support. political the weak to due its decisions in implementing facesdifficulties it Tunisia,in scene but media Monitorsthe (HAICA) Audiovisual of Authority High Independent The civil society organizations. March 30, 2020. 16 of 2020. 15 mation, of 16th the September of 2020.. 14 September of 2020. 13 12 parties .Look 11 bit.ly/3kxCKXz 14 On September 16, 2020, it was announced that an independent press council was established to. referred being of case in investigating judge beforethe appear to him invite and El-Jahmi Shaker Later, the Public Prosecutor at the First Instance Court in Grombalia decided to release the student voice.caricature reachhis ordera to in published and council municipal the of negligence the ing was client mayor, the blogs to insulting publishing of accused his he while exercised citizen a right as his criticiz- that confirmed Journalists, of Syndicate the for lawyer the Al-Ghadamesi, Ayoub Noywa. hotel, Yusri new the of mayor the by filed was which complaint a of because Grombalia, in forces security by arrested was El-Jahmi, Shaker journalist, the level, related a On and differences, in the absence of a structured and professional media sector. positions to the according attacks and exploitation between journalists, to arena political the of Makhlouf against the reporters of Arab channels in Tunisia. due to what they considered as an incitement from the head of the Dignity Coalition Bloc Saifuddin mentary commission of inquiry into suspicions of conflict of interests related to the prime minister, of the two blocs of the Heart of Tunisia and the Dignity Coalition regarding the creation of a parlia the journalists boycotted a press conference in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People, It is noteworthy that the relationship of journalists with the head of the coalition is not good after inturn,rejectedThe HAICA, theproposed amendment sincethe12thofMay of2020. sector. press the in sentatives opposition widespread sparked a of the House Repre- in bloc Coalition Dignity by the legislative presented was initiative which The head of the Dignity Coalition bloc in the Assembly of the the of Assembly the in bloc Coalition Dignity the of Representativeshead the of Saifuddin People, the of attack the of background the on media, the of freedom the against violence political and On May 15, 2020, the National Syndicate of Tunisian Journalists demanded confronting hate speech and they are appointed by the Press Syndicate and the Tunisian League for Human Rights and Rights Human for TunisianLeague the and Syndicate Press the by appointed are they and

12 The freedom ofpress and https://bit.ly/3kBdQGy Grombalia Because ofMakhlouf Afine thousandof 50 dinars against channel 9 the finaland suspension the of «Kulna Tunisia» program, Shams FM, The in Media Tunisia: Which role the new of presscouncil? Franceeditor 24, Al Aaly,Allah Abd September the 25th of Tunisia establishes first the independentcouncil for press,Al Salwa Tarhouni, published in Tunisia is a Culture and Infor The establishment of an independentcouncil for press in Tunisia a text : MonteCarlo International/ AF the 16th B, of at thefollowing link https://bit.ly/3f1HgMU https://bit.ly/3kxgInz :Investigating apress student ..

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The semi-annual report 33 34 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center it, between the central and the local. about the freedom of citizens, the feasibility of similar laws and the appropriate perceptions about several questions poses serious and has news raised the and kind, its first of the not is news This by municipalities. regulated the is in newborns matter for names the non-Arab that of registration the explained prohibiting Amara, and text legal names, Ben a other Kamal municipality, and the Ilan of Majdoline, mayor Rostom, as the such newborns registering, of names from the prohibited bearing are list a who issued Bizerte of municipality the decision, strange a In freedom. of them depriving sentences prison issuing of consumers instead the against fine a with rule sufficiently to judges allowing cannabis, indian the of consumers against penalties eased Assembly Tunisian the 2017, in that, noteworthy is It him” court. the presentation to ar the for lawyer restedrapper, The front. Murabit,retentionGhazi that“the said been his client has extended pending his of the to returned have consumers its on imposed penalties the and (zatla) cannabis” “Indian of issue the AL-Naccache, Alaa Tunisianrapper the of arrest the to Due assassination. threatsof and detention forced violence, with attacks as crimes such journalists, serious and press the to of freedom lead the against could They institutions. their of lines editorial the of background the on elections to the formation of groups working to target a number of the reporters of foreign media presidential and recentlegislative the Since Syndicatewarned of tional Journalists18had Tunisian vent them from working accompanied by accusations of employment and anti-revolution. The Na pre- attempts to and insults, and insults threats, of types various to exposedwere People, the of movement that was organized in front of the headquarters of the Assembly of the Representatives On Sunday, June 14, 2020, correspondents of some Arab media outlets, while covering the political in the program “ Medi and Show” described him with inappropriate descriptions againstMakhlouf political journalistand commentatorthe presence his during al-Makki, Haitham 23 Kram of 15th the on MayLe facebook, of 2020. 22 23 Kram municipality): It is noted that the religious side in the contrary, has an impact during the past period such as (the

The The obligation of presenting a certificate that proves the belief with Islamic religion from the non 20 The religious minorities: The individualandpersonal freedoms andrights . An offcial An offcial application the of required documents fortheconclusion of a marriagepagecontract, the offcial the of munici- A public information concerningZakat firstthe the fundthepage independence, official since Al the of of municipality of A fund for Afund AlZakat was established Later, the first instance court in Tunisia issued a decision to release to decision a issued in Tunisia Later, court instance first 19 the https://www.facebook.com/communedukram/posts/3010472529011155 21 . 22 . .17 - -

to disclose their homosexual affiliation, based on Article 230 of the penal code. the penal of 230 on Article based affiliation, homosexual their disclose to them directed the security to complain about a financial loan, by threatening an anal examination of one after men two the lured deliberately authorities the that is noticeable is However,what On the 6th of June of 2020,the court sentenced two men constitution. to that two the rules years legal contradict of in grounds prison the on for continued homosexuality homosexuals against in persecution Kef.the Meanwhile, againstbe contractsthese concerningsexual the in minorities Tunisia. firming the marriage contract in the Tunisian institutions keptbe wouldconrelatedlegalawayindicated loophole validityof a is also thatthe to which He null and void by law, and it is subjected to absolute nullity through the Judiciary”. formulas and conditions stipulated in the chapters of the Civil Code, and it is therefore considered of view of the French law, that there is no doubt that the conclusion of this contract contradicts the the marriage of two persons of the same sex, one is French and the other is Tunisian of registration the regarding explained, from Zaitoun Lotfi the Affairs Localpoint of contrary,Minister the the In .The the of Representatives of the Assembly the People. as such institutions official the including interactive discussion, and freefor spaces peaceful and serious existenceof the without one, ing support a sparked and was opinion opinion severely public opposing the between an time, same cerning its powers and their relation with the Ministry of the Local Affairs as a central body. At the con authorities local the of respect state, the civil the as such severalraisedquestions issue This muslim man in order to marry a Tunisian woman, according the leaflets of 1973ا News, system,birth on Belad Al of 25th the April of 2020 24 pality of le Kram on of Facebook, 8th the July of 2020. . Tunisianbirth the within included Tunisiaand recognizedin is marriage this and laws french the to according citizens tunisian and french a between conducted was contract marriage a that on facebook, page official its on published was that a tweet in confirmed Association Shams 25 2020 https://bit.ly/38W2rPt The sexual minorities Registering amarriageZaitoun, contract two persons from between Lotfi same the sex: Shams the 28th fm, of April of The “Shams” Association: The firstrecognition of amarriage in homosexual Tunisia and include it thewithin Tunisian The security dealing with the homosexual securitydealingwiththe The minorities. personal The status magazine Law1957 related No.3of to regulating thecivilian status

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The semi-annual report 35 36 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center sians This led Tunisia to control its borders by adding equipment to the maritime border guards after the Tunisia. to migrants returning forcibly and borders the controlling of direction the in continued the developments latest approach, rights-based a human devoting of necessity the on keen was latter the Although Affairs and her meeting with the President of the Tunisian Republic. On the other hand, the Italian diplomacy moved through the visit of the Italian Minister of Foreign resent: Meanwhile, the bleeding of migration continues during the health pandemic. revisions. real requires Which in Tunisia. foreigners for law current the under limited are education and health work, to right the of guarantees the and residence of procedures Observatory.The Migration 27 National the of General Director the to according continued people, 12,000 reached who Africa, sub-Saharan from foreigners of suffering the as consti- principles, of the rights human and level rules legal to the tutional rise not did foreigners with dealings official Tunisian the addition, In ation with the Tunisian Embassy in Madrid” in the Embassy with Tunisian ation readyforciblytoTunisianis 600 deport try migrants towards Tunisia completea cooper with and Minister Interior Spanish of harassments The also conditions. statedinhumane and thatcoun his concerningwhat againsthappens Tunisian centersthe in Ceutaof from Melilla and violations,the blackout of policy the with together forcibly and collectively Tunisians deport to authorities the with commission diplomatic the cooperation of the clear was it period, monitoring the during As abroad. Tunisians for and for foreignersTunisia in both violated, being still are seekers asylum and refugees, migrants, of rights The ofhuman dignity. with treatment reconcilable security not assailants. the forfollow-up is judicial theinsulting of absence of that face the with depth homosexuals, against continued forces, security or citizens the by despite whether attacks, decentViolent life a in comprehended a facing being legally socially silent to guarantee it are from find they far to frameworks and them, necessary members, still constitutionally their are the for of minorities availability sexual the of rights The 28 27 about 26

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public opinion ofTuni - - - considered as a settled case by a religious text religious a by case settled a as considered being heritageby in equality isolatethe to side economic and social its in equality the focusof to chose Saeied Kais man. and woman between heritage in equality the showing speech a made lic tween the security forces and citizens. While their communication policy, especially on social me be- relation troubled the on focus they as direction sectoral negative a syndicatesshowed These negative.very remains role whose syndicates security various the of support the enjoys bill The victim. is the the citizen which Tunisian in threat mutual and suspension of relation a in citizens and authority security the between relation the reduces bill proposed The soul. its and stitution of reforming the system and the foundation of the republican security forces according to the con thevision down bill breaks the as justifications protectingfor citizens”. real its has campaign The law “the title the under campaign large a known has site media social The bill. the rejecting and unified remained reaction society civil the areas,several in bill the of form the changing Despite removed. also were freedoms and rights violating articles of number a and exceptional situation an has it because sentence the forcesfrom armed the cancelling tee, laws”.She“superiorordinarylawto basic commita the as of discussion the indicatedduring that was agreed among the members of the committee’s discussion that the law should be categorized customees”. It and police the of protection the torelated bill forces”,basic “aarmed become to the first name of the of the bill was cancelled in 2015 which was “repression of attacks against the and it called the government to accelerate considering it. customers”, the and police the of protection the to related law basic “the bill the of version final authorities. security at the directed criticism the against implementation its in exploitation great its by characterized servant. which prevails while dealing with the assaults against civil security forces. a Also,assaulting this crime was of crime the using of frequency the and law penal the of level the at especially considered wrong, is that And security forces. the protect to sufficient force,not arein are which texts legal the that context this in indicated Abbou Samia committee, the of head The fense.31. De- and Justice of Ministries the with cooperation in Interior of Ministry the by amended was after it by chapter chapter bill, on the voting started legislation general of committee The 2011. since time 4th the for people the Representatives of of Assembly the of corridors the to turned conservatibe reading of the constitution the of conservatibe reading a Currents with dark the of bases the endearment to and againsthostility equality choose Saeied “Kais that considered Democratic Women the Tunisian of Association the regard, this In zations. 32 31 30 29 Tunisian president visited the National Guard barracks in Sfax. the Ennahda Movement and its confirmation of the priority to the religious text. of working. However this bill faces obstacles in the Legislative Authority especially by the refusal of for personal freedoms and rights that ended by presenting a report of 233 pages after a whole year sebsi had presented a bill on the equality in heritage and gave the permission to form a committee it is a try to terminate the equality project. It is noteworthy that the former President, Beji Caid Es- The feminist movement in Tunisia considered that the speech of the President is not accepted and link Look link On the occasion of the day of women on the 13th of August of 2020, the President of the repub The 2nd of July of 2020 of July of 2nd The 2020 of June of 19th The

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The semi-annual report 37 38 Democratic Transition and Human Rights Support Center persons. dia, violated the citizens’ rights especially the privacy and the personal information of the stopped The path ofthetransitional justice: The three authorities: Recommendations from the security forces with the files of the victims. the of files dealing the with forces positive security the from the ensuring with accountability the accelerating and justice, transitional the in gazette.official the minister)prime (the authority dency of the Republic to avoid contradiction and interference with the head of the second executive their positions during the period of the comprehensive quarantine programcorruptionof following and suspicions on relatedup servants, benefited civil who to from tional bodies to complete the structural democratic transition and replacing it with the positive role of the institutions of the sector public in the relevant fields data of the Ministry of Social Affairs, overcoming the social policy which is based on grants and aids, the updating quarantine,comprehensive by the of period the during appeared deficiencies whose mission legislative and supervisory the between and committees special and nent scene. parliamentary and political the in confidence lose to citizens the pushed and parliament the marginalizedthat disagreements political narrow the avoid to and role, assigned their performing in parliamentarians help to ture review its bylaws, especially by providing parliamentary assistants as part of the parliament’s struc- authorities,to administrative other and vis-à-vis financial independence its ensurePeopleto the of Ensuring the independence of the Supreme Judiciary Council and the specialized judicial circuitsspecialized judicial the and Council Judiciary Supreme the of independence the Ensuring in of the revolution persons wounded the and martyrs of the list official and final the Publishing the Presi- of institutions the of functions the frameworks for structural and legal clear Creating Accelerating the digitization of the administration earnestly within a broad administrative reform Accelerating the election of the members of the Constitutional Court and the rest of the constitu- reform launching of necessity The safetyprojectssocial level, the social atespecially the system, perma the between bylaws the of amendments the within distinction clear a of necessity The Representativesthe of accelerateframeworklegalAssembly to relatedthe the necessary to is It - The HumanRights: The local authority protecting the cultural, social and economic human rights, interests political narrow for it employing and sector media the dominate to attempts the body, ending tional while a positive and effective monitoring role direction that kills thousands in the Mediterranean. regarding irregular migration in order to enhance an open regular migration and ending the security society: or state the concerning and interests authorities in the position stages partisan consolidatingthe their of level digital the on especially infrastructuremunicipalities, the of enhancing while positions their settling and employees the categories of understanding the municipalities, in authorities the of needs realdeserving and according municipalities tobudgets,equitableensuretermsdistribution the among and of their to Restoring the role of the public sector as a central part and essential guarantee in promoting and constitu- independent an establishing and sector the reforming by freedom press Supporting Stopping to imposethesecuritydealwithsexual minoritiesand foreigners Strengthening the local civil society to be a partner in local decision-making, in addition to playing Developing the legal framework for foreigners, reviewing the agreements with the European side whether rights, practicing consolidating to law establishing beyond goes policy rights Human a matterOvercomingare in parties thatis the still which politicization for work, municipal the of administrativehigh employeesthe of number the increasing bymanagement Strengthening the Starting to assignthetransferred andjoint powers to overcome traditional municipal work Consolidating the municipal work as an independent authority, especially at the financial level in

The semi-annual report 39