BRE Behaviour of External Thermal Insulated Composite Systems in case of fire (a Romanian perspective)
Octavian Lalu Fire Safety Group
Part of the BRE Trust Presentation structure Types of façade systems
Examples of fires involving combustible insulation materials
Design recommendations
Experimental research –medium scale, large scale and modelling
Conclusions Types of façade systems
–Ventilated façade composite systems
Execution detail
–Reduced time of execution –Aesthetic system, which does not bring considerable load to on the structure Types of façade systems
–External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS)
Execution detail –Over 5000 building rehabilitated in Bucharest –No studies on fire behaviour Examples of fire involving combustible insulation materials Examples of fires involving combustible façades
Simplified mechanism of fire spread Examples of fires involving combustible façades
–Office Building, Bucharest 2009
–Millennium Business Centre –72 m height Examples of fires involving combustible façades
–Block of flats, Romania 2012
Vertical fire spread
Burning droplets Façade system after fire Examples of fires involving combustible façades
–Hotel, Romania 2007 Examples of fires involving combustible façades
–Block of flats, Hungary 2009 Façade system after fire Fire examples
–Block of flats, South Korea 2015 Fire examples
–High rise buildings
Tamweel Tower 2012 Al Tayer Tower 2012 Address Downtown Hotel 2016 Fire examples
–High rise buildings
Torch Tower, Marina, Dubai 2015 Torch Tower, Marina, Dubai 2017 Fire examples
–Block of flats
Bucharest, 02 September 2018 Bucharest, 06 September 2018 Fire examples
–Residential building, Russia 2014 Design recommendations Design recommendations
–Design recommendations
Height of the building Reaction to fire <18m; >1.0m (boundary) No provision (A-F) <18m; <1.0m (boundary) B-s3,d2 UK C-s3,d2 (up to 18m) >18m; >1.0m (boundary) B-s3,d2 (above 18m) >18m; <1.0m (boundary) B-s3,d2
Height of the building Reaction to fire <28m B-s2,d0** RO >28m A2,s1,d0 ** fire barriers (A2-s1,d0 must be installed d=30cm) Design recommendations
–Design recommendations in Romania Horizontal barriers A2-s1,d0
Barriers around windows A2-s1,d0 Design recommendations
–Design recommendations in Germany Design recommendations
–Design recommendations proposed by VTT Finland
Installation on facades Experimental research Large Scale Standard Testing LEPIR II Large Scale test BS 8414 Large Scale test
ISO 13785-2, International SP FIRE 105, Sweden Large Scale Standard Testing MSZ14800-6, Hungary Romanian large scale fire test
NFPA 285, USA GOST 31251, Russia Experimental research – medium scale, large scale and modelling Experimental Research -Medium Scale Tests
–System I –ETICS, no fire –System II –ETICS with fire barrier, barrier d = 30 cm
d = 30 cm Experimental Research -Medium Scale Tests
–System III –ETICS, with fire –System IV –ETICS with fire barrier, barrier, d = 50 cm d = 30 cm
d = 50 cm
d = 30 cm Experimental Research -Medium Scale Tests
–System V –ETICS, with –System VI –ETICS with composite composite fire barrier, d = 50 cm fire barrier, d = 50 cm
d = 50 cm d = 50 cm Experimental Research –Medium Scale Tests
System I System II System III Experimental Research –Medium Scale Tests
System IV System V System VI Experimental Research –Medium Scale Tests
System I System III System IV
35 cm System II 35 cm
50 cm 50 cm
35 cm
38 cm Experimental Research –Medium Scale Tests
System V System VI
100cm
Composite fire Composite fire barrier barrier
System II 50cm 50cm 50cm 50cm
37cm 35cm Experimental Research –Large Scale Test
Compartment layout Experimental Research –Large Scale Test ETICS with composite fire barriers Experimental Research –Large Scale Test
Fire load distribution Experimental Research –Large Scale Test
The fire is limited by the oxygen level min 16,5 / t=990s
Ventilation procedure – development phase min 23,5 / t=1410s Large Scale Experimental Research
Flashover at min 29 / t=1740s
Fully developed phase min 32,5 / t=1950s Large Scale Experimental Research
Cooling phase min 70,5 / t=4320s
Modele parametrice de temperatura-timp
1200
1000
800 C] o 600 EC1 Ma&Makelainen Lie 400 BFD Barnett Experimental
T e m pe r a t u [ Ma&Makelainen adaptat 200
0
0 50 100 150 200 Timp [min] Large Scale Experimental Research
Cooling phase min 57,5 / t=3450s
Cooling phase min 70,5 / t=4320s Large Scale Experimental Research Large Scale Experimental Research -results
min 38 / t=2280s
min 42,5 / t=2550s Large Scale Experimental Research Post-fire analysis Large Scale Experimental Research Post-fire analysis Second floor
First floor Conclusions Conclusions
–The use of combustible materials in the façades systems of tall building represents an increase risk of fire spread –Real behaviour of façades can be determined only through large-scale testing –There is a need of harmonised European large-scale testing method for façade systems –The risk of vertical fire spread on façades can be reduced by appropriate design solutions –fire barriers –A new design composite fire barrier has been tested and the results shown that it has the potential to reduce vertical fire spread Thank you for your attention!
QUESTIONS Part of the BRE Trust