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Heritage of SANT SIPAHIS (Ambassadors of Human Rights) Books from the same Pen Soora So Pahchaniye Sikh History 2016 Jeeundi Zamir Wale Travelogue 2016 Brahmgyani Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji Sikh History 2015 Mera Halphia Bayan Biography 2014 Sarbans Daani Sikh History 2014 Insaniyat Da Alambardaar Lekh 2013 Glimpses of Sikh History English 2012 Glimpses of Sikh History English, Panjabi and Hindi 2012 Batan Samundron Paar Diyan Travelogue 2011 Jad Ren Uterdi hai Poetry 2011 Gardish Poetry 2008 Ru-b-Ru Poetry 2007 Guncha Gulab Poetry 2006 Lamha Lamha Poetry 2005 Lun Lun Laggi Agg Geet 2004 Panne Ateet De Poetry 2003 Ik Parchhawan Poetry 2001 Banjar Shikve Poetry 2000 Siskian Poetry 1997 Hnere Chanan Poetry 1995 Forthcoming Book Bhoole Marg Jinhe Bataya Sikh History Heritage of SANT SIPAHIS (Ambassadors of Human Rights) Bhai Kanahaiya Ji (Architect of Modern Day Red Cross) Serving water to a wounded Moghul soldier in a battlefield. Drawing by: Raj Singh Tattal (the Pen-Tacular-Artist) Rajinder Singh Jolly Heritage of the Sant Sipahi: Ambassadors of human rights: Leaves of Sikh History: Specially designed in question answer form for learners and young readers by Rajinder Singh Jolly Books available at: Prof. (Dr.) Harchand Singh Bedi Bedi House, 608 Park Lane, Dr Het Ram Colony Chheharta, Amritsar-143105 Pritpal Singh Jolly A174 Dayanand Colony, Lajpat Nagar IV, New Delhi 110024 Tel (LL) 26488517 (M) 9899606306 Sardar Makhan Singh 8/47 Panjabi bagh, New Delhi-110026 Tel (M) 9810446269 Shri Purshottam Malik, Rama Gallery A 178 Dayanand Colony, Lajpat Nagar IV, New Delhi 110024 Tel (LL) 65979494 (M) 9873400098 Rajinder P.S.Tattal, 16 York Road, Leyton, LONDON-E105QG Published by Jolly Literature House, 43240 Lighthouse Place, South Riding, Virginia 20152, U.S.A Printed at: Printwell 146, Industrial Focal Point, Amritsar. In Revarence to Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji “Pyir ik agY rKIaY ijqu idsY drbfr”] s®I gu g© sf (aMg ñ) “Pher ke agae rakhiae jit disei darbar” Page 1, SGGS Translation: “I am mere care-taker of your graces. What is mine that I could offer to seek your Darshan?” Dedicated to 350th Birth Anniversary of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Ardaas Tu Thakur Tum Pai Ardaas Jeeo Pind Sab Teri Raas Tum Maat Pita Hum Barak Terey Tumri Kirpa Mein Sookh Ghanerey Koi Na Janey Tumra Unt Uchey Tey Ucha Bhagwant Sagal Samugri Tumrey Sootar Dhari Tum Tey Hoi So Aagyakari Tumri Gatt Mitt Tum Hi Jaani Nanak Daas Sdaa Kurbani Prayer O! Lord Thou are our Master, we offer this prayer to You. The life, body and soul we posses is all due to your grace. You being our mother and father, we are Your children. You have bestowed endless joys and pleasures on us. No one could know your limits. O Highest of the High, Most Gracious God, The entire creation has come from you, And is under your command. You alone know your greatness.Your servant, Nanak, will always be awed (intensly devoted) (Gauri Sukhmani- Ang. 268 G G) Contents Foreword 11 About Heritage of Sant Sipahis 15 In Immense Appreciation 17 Acknowledgement 18 Mainu Jog Kitoee (Thanks Heaven for Inspiring me) 19 Introduction 23 Founder of Sikh Faith Guru Nanak Dev Ji 30 Guru Angad Dev Ji 56 Guru Amar Das Ji 65 Guru Ram Das Ji 75 Guru Arjan Dev Ji 81 Guru Hargobind Ji 97 Guru Hari Rai Ji 106 Guru Hari Krishan Ji 110 Guru Teg Bahadur Ji 115 Guru Gobind Singh Ji 128 Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones) 147 Guru Granth Sahib Ji 153 Turban 157 PART II - Martyres Of early Sikh Era 159 Martyrdom of Sahibzada 161 Baba Banda Singh Bahadur 168 Martyrdom of Bhai Mani Singh ji 178 Martyrdom of Baba Deep Singh Ji 181 Martyrdom of Bhai Taroo (Taru) Singh Ji 184 Martydom of Bhai Subheg Singh Bhai Shahbaz Singh 186 PART III- SIKH WARRIORS Bravery of Sardar Sukha Singh and Mehtab Singh 189 Dal Khalsa 191 Nawab Kapoor Singh 193 Sardar Baghel Singh Ji 200 Sultan-E-Kaum Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia 206 Maharaja Ranjit Singh 217 Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa 229 Resolute Sikh women 232 Sikh Genocides 242 Glossary 249 *** Foreword S. Rajinder Singh Jolly of Virginia (USA) has spent two decades on writing on different subjects on a score of works which have been received well in the public. His current work, Heritage of Sant Sipahis is meant for youth to educate them on the vital subjects of Sikh history, philosophy and religion. Sikhism is the youngest religion of about 550 years. All the (four) religions which came up in West Asia are based on revelation, as it comes out a partial one. In case of India, (two) were not born on revelation, while Lord Buddha got a revelation but a partial one, whereas Guru Nanak was the only one to have received full revelation. His nine successors fully followed without deviation. Bhai Gurdas, the first Sikh Philosopher, had mentioned of Guru Nanak of striking the sovereignty of the world, and launching Nirmal Panth. This was later converted as Khalsa, a synonymous of Nirmal, in 1699. Guru Gobind Singh said that, “I have not spoken an iota of falsehood, as Guru Nanak who is like a God for me, stands as a witness” (Ya me ranch in mithia bhakhi, Parbrahm Guru Nanak sakhi). Those who say Guru Gobind Singh in his earlier life was Tapasvi, or carried out Tapasya, at Hemkund, are all thoughtless or wicked persons. Guru Nanak at the age of 29, had a revelation, as one can say, at the age of 29 years, 6 months, 4 days. Guru Nanak disappeared in Vein rivulet. As the Janam Sakhis say he was led to the presence of God, and says no soon does God manifests, Nanak also who returned was also God himself. Guru Nanak while in presence of God summed up the personality of God Himself in Mul Mantra, or basic precept. It consists of 14 monosyllables; 1 (in digit, not words), Oankar, Sati, Namu, Karta, Purakhu, Nirbhau, Nirvairu, Akala, Murti, Ajuni, Saibhan, Guru, Prasad. It translations as follows: “The Only Infinite One (1) the Only Supreme Being -God (oankar), the Eternal (sati), the Universal Spirit (namu), the Creator (karta), the All- 11 pervading (purakhu), the Sovereign (nirbhau), the Harmonious (nirvairu), the Immortal (akala), the Embodiment (murti), the Un- incarnated (ajuni), the Self-existent (Saibhan), the Enlightener (guru), The Bountiful (prasad).” Sometimes gurprasad are joined to mean by the favour of the Guru. But this is a later development. Here, one is concerned with Guru Nanak’s perception of God. Then follows Japu or Japji Sahib which together with Mul Mantra sums up the quintessence of the Sikh philosophy contained in Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of the Sikhs. Osho who wrote on Japji and on Guru Nanak’s communion with God says that “the each word uttered was so invaluable as to be beyond price”, but mischievously added, “each word equal to the words of Vedas.” But Guru Nanak has never said so, never quoted Vedas, Shastras, Smritis, Puranas or any other Hindu literature, as authority for what he was saying. Osho sooner eats his words: he dilates on, in stanza (pauri 22 - Chapter 10 of his work) when he concedes: There are millions of underworlds, and infinite skies above The Vedas says millions have searched and searched, only to end in exhaustion The Vedas say in unison, as also thousand of Saints, Eighteen Puranas, and the Semitic Texts viz. Tohra, Zabur (Psalms) Injil (Gospel) and Quran, That the source, Principal, of all creation is only One God. If one could count his creation, he could write an account of it, His Creation is beyond count, O, say only, He himself knows, how great He is. During the process of revelation Guru Nanak gained new vistas of cosmic consciousness, that divine light permeates the entire universe, and is the only source of light in all human beings. Fatherhood of God , universal brotherhood of human kind, shorn of angularities of tribe, race, creed, caste or sex (equality of man and woman – a concept far ahead of his times), and common heritage with equal opportunities to all, or a rational distribution of economic resources – all these formed an essential part of the revelation. God of Guru Nanak’s concept was the sole fulcrum of, what scientists now recall, the extended universe, and exceed the concept of God in the whole gamut of Hindu literature and Semitic texts. He wanted the protagonists of Hinduism, 12 Islam, Christianity, Judaism and others, to rise above the mundane considerations to the essence of religion – a social and spiritual interaction with humanity, with new standards to judge political authorities. It were these aspect that surpassed the Hinduistic, Islamic Christian or Jewish concepts of God - whose spirits resides in each and every heart. All are equal; all the human races are one, and worship the same God without any distinctions. This realization, of oneness of God, without any divisions, needs to be hammered in the human mind and should find broad acceptance. It is herein that the future well-being of the humanity lies. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s Martyrdom was unique and unparalleled in the annals of human history. He laid down his life in defense of religious tolerance, freedom of worship, and freedom of conscience. In practical parlance this meant defense of the ritual sacred thread and frontal mark signifying the Brahminical way of life, which Sikhism has discarded now for two centuries. Here was a martyrdom which was self sought for the defense of basic human values, which centuries later were incorporate by the U.N.
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  • The Institution of the Akal Takht: the Transformation of Authority in Sikh History

    The Institution of the Akal Takht: the Transformation of Authority in Sikh History

    religions Article The Institution of the Akal Takht: The Transformation of Authority in Sikh History Gurbeer Singh Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] Abstract: The Akal Takht is considered to be the central seat of authority in the Sikh tradition. This article uses theories of legitimacy and authority to explore the validity of the authority and legitimacy of the Akal Takht and its leaders throughout time. Starting from the initial institution of the Akal Takht and ending at the Akal Takht today, the article applies Weber’s three types of legitimate authority to the various leaderships and custodianships throughout Sikh history. The article also uses Berger and Luckmann’s theory of the symbolic universe to establish the constant presence of traditional authority in the leadership of the Akal Takht. Merton’s concept of group norms is used to explain the loss of legitimacy at certain points of history, even if one or more types of Weber’s legitimate authority match the situation. This article shows that the Akal Takht’s authority, as with other political religious institutions, is in the reciprocal relationship between the Sikh population and those in charge. This fluidity in authority is used to explain and offer a solution on the issue of authenticity and authority in the Sikh tradition. Keywords: Akal Takht; jathedar; Sikh institutions; Sikh Rehat Maryada; Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC); authority; legitimacy Citation: Singh, Gurbeer. 2021. The Institution of the Akal Takht: The 1. Introduction Transformation of Authority in Sikh History. Religions 12: 390. https:// The Akal Takht, originally known as the Akal Bunga, is the seat of temporal and doi.org/10.3390/rel12060390 spiritual authority of the Sikh tradition.
  • The Sixth – Eighth Nanaks

    The Sixth – Eighth Nanaks

    The Sixth Nanak - The Eighth Nanak Guru HARGOBIND JI, Guru HAR RAI JI, Guru HAR KRISHAN JI January 26, 2020 by dedidated Sewadars of Sri Hemkunt Foundation Inc. INDEX # Title Page The Sixth Nanak (Guru Hargobind ji) 1 Early Life 3 2 Temporal and Spiritual Guru 4 3 Bandi Chhor Diwas 6 4 True King 7 5 Visiting Punjab & Kashmir 8 6 Bibi Kaulan 10 7 Five Battles of Sikhs 11 8 Kiratpur as Residence 14 9 Highlights of Guru Hargobind ji 15 The Seventh Nanak (Guru Har Rai ji) 10 Early Life 17 11 Guru’s Dispensary 18 12 Sikhs’ Love toward Guru ji 19 13 Eternal Happiness 20 14 Invitation from Aurangzeb 21 15 Desertion of Ram Rai 22 16 Passed on the Spiritual Light 23 17 Highlights of Guru Har Rai ji 24 The Eighth Nanak (Guru Har Krishan ji) 18 Guru is a light not a body 26 19 Request for Glimpse 26 20 Humanitarian Work 27 21 Highlights of Guru Har Krishan ji 28 22 Significant World Events 28 23 References 29 2 1. Early Life Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji was born at village Guru Ki Wadali, Amritsar on June 19, 1595. He was very handsome and the only son of Guru Arjan Dev Sahib ji and Mata Ganga Ji. Physical and spiritual training of Hargobind Singh Ji took place under the able supervision of Baba Buddha ji and Bhai Gurdas ji respectively. Baba Buddha ji taught him martial arts making him an expert in the use of weapons and horse riding. Bhai Paraga and Bhai Ganga Sehgal taught him the art of warfare.