sign in sign up
<<
Home , Rhode Island, Southern Colonies

Binder Page ______Name ______Period ______Date ______Study Guide for the English Colonies What do the have in common?  Rocky soil, cold winters. Very hard to farm there.  Lots of fishing, whaling, lumbering, ship-building, trading.  All New England Colonies broke off from .

Massachusetts 1. This New England Colony was the second English colony to be founded, when the Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620. The Pilgrims were later joined by Puritans under John Winthrop, who had left England for religious freedom. Even though the Puritans wished to have religious freedom, they did not tolerate other religions in their colony.

New Hampshire 2. This New England Colony started as a settlement of trade and fishing villages along the shores north of . Eventually, they broke away to form their own colony.

Connecticut 3. This New England colony was founded by Thomas Hooker. Hooker had become upset originally because he felt that the government under the Puritans was too powerful. He founded this new colony with restrictions on the power of government. The constitution he wrote for his colony was called the Fundamental Orders of .

Rhode 4. This New England Colony was founded by . He believed that there should be a separation of church and state, and he believed that everyone should have the ability to worship the way they chose.

Middle Colonies What do the have in common?  Cash crops on large farms include wheat, barley, rye (“Breadbasket colonies”)  Tend to be tolerant and diverse (NY, because of Dutch; PA because of Quakers)  Heavily populated. Cities. Lots of trade on rivers.

*** 5. This Middle Colony was originally a Dutch colony known as New Netherlands. Large areas of land along the Hudson River were owned by wealthy patroons. In 1664, the English sailed their ships into the harbor and captured the colony. It then had the Duke of York as its proprietor.

New Jersey 6. This Middle Colony was originally part of the Duke of York’s colony, but it became separate when he gave the land to some of his friends. They became the new proprietors of the colony.

Pennsylvania 7. This Middle Colony was settled by William Penn as a place for Quakers to come to practice their religion. Because the Quakers were a peace-loving and tolerant people, the colony attracted a wide variety of people and religions. The colony was fast growing and included the city of .

Delaware 8. This small Middle Colony was originally the three “low ”, which broke off from in 1701.

Southern Colonies What do the have in common?  Slavery (Was originally in all 13 colonies but it continued here until Civil War.)  Warm climate. Long growing seasons. Wide rivers in Tidewater.  Wide coastal plains made Tidewater Area, where most of the plantations and slaves were.  Few cities  Plantations, owned by gentry, grew , rice, indigo, and later cotton  Backcountry along Appalachian Mts. had smaller farms.

Maryland 9. This Southern Colony was founded as a place where Catholics could come to escape persecution in England. Later, the Act of Toleration allowed all Christians to live in the colony. The colony has the Mason-Dixon line as its northern border.

Virginia 10. This Southern Colony was the first to be settled when Jamestown was founded in 1607. The colony was governed by the first representative government in the colonies- the House of Burgesses.

North Carolina 11. This Southern Colony was settled by small farmers who moved into it from . It was and is known for its tobacco farms.

South Carolina 12. This Southern Colony was begun as a . It separated from its northern neighbor in 1712 because the large tobacco and rice owners had little in common with the smaller farmers to their north.

Georgia 13. This Southern Colony was founded by in 1732 as a place for people who were in debt to come instead of going to prison. It is the southernmost colony and the last English colony to be founded.

Identify the 13 English Colonies using the letters on the map.

A Massachusetts B C Connecticut D E New York F Pennsylvania G H I J Virginia K L M

The New England Colonies are A,B,C,D The Middle Colonies are E,F,G,H The Southern Colonies are I,J,K,L,M

Life in the English Colonies: 1. Pennsylvania’s population was more diverse than many other colonies because The Quakers who founded the colony believed in toleration. Therefore, people of any religion were allowed to settle there.

2. Which English colonies were founded for a religious purpose? Did they have any differences? Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and Maryland were all founded for religious purposes. One of the biggest differences was that the Puritans of Massachusetts were not tolerant of other religious groups. The people who founded Rhode Island (Roger Williams), Pennsylvania (William Penn and the Quakers) and Maryland (Catholics) allowed for much more religious toleration in their colonies.

3. What was an apprentice? A person who learns a trade or craft from a master craftsman. 4. What was the gentry? The highest social class in the 13 colonies. In the Southern Colonies, the gentry were usually plantation owners, who therefore, owned a lot of slaves.

5. What was an indentured servant? Aperson who signed a contract to work for a certain length of time in exchange for passage to the colonies.

6. Compare and contrast slaves and indentured servants.

1. What does representative government mean? A system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.

2. Why was the House of Burgesses important? It was the first representative government in the English colonies (Virginia- 1619).

3. Where were meetings held? Why were they important? They were meetings held in New England villages where colonists discussed and voted on many issues.

4. In general, who could vote in the English colonies? Free men, over 21 years old, who owned a certain amount of land. (Sometimes had to be church members.)

5. Slavery in New York  Most of the slaves in the 13 Colonies were in the Southern Tidewater.  However, if you just look at the Middle and New England colonies, the colony with the most slaves was New York.  Slave Codes were laws that tried to keep slaves under control. These laws were written up by the legislatures. The laws defined slaves as property.  The children of slaves did not belong to their parents. They were considered to be the property of the owner of the mother.  Slaves made many contributions to the economy of New York.  Slave revolts were a real threat that whites feared.  Sometimes, slaves in skilled jobs did slower or poorer quality work if a master was too harsh.  Slavery was easier to get rid of in New York than it was in the Southern colonies because fewer New Yorkers owned slaves. After the War, slavery was eventually was ended in NY.

6. What was mercantilism? How did it work? Mercantilism is the idea that a nation’s power comes from how much gold and riches it has. Therefore, colonies are created in order to make money for the mother country. Mercantilism meant that England would pass laws like the . Laws like these meant that the colonies had to ship their raw materials to England and had to buy all of their manufactured goods from England

7. What was the ? Describe each of the many parts of the “triangle”. A Rum, manufactured goods and iron taken from New England to Africa.

B. Slaves and gold taken from Africa to the West Indies.

C. Sugar and molasses taken from the West Indies to New England.

Parallel Governments: Legislative Executive Judicial What is the “job” of Makes or Writes the Enforces or Carries Interprets the Laws each branch? Laws out the Laws Today’s US Congress Headed by: Courts Government made up of The President The Senate and House of Representatives British Government Parliament Headed by: Courts made up of the King (or Queen), the House of Lords and run by the Prime and the House of Minister Commons Colonial Governments Colonial legislatures Headed by: Courts made up of: usually a Governor’s Council and an Assembly (like the House of Burgesses)

North America in 1750, before the French and Indian War

8. Claimed by:

England/Britain D (13 Colonies) and H (Hudson Bay )

France A ( & the St. Lawrence River), C ( River Valley), E ()

Spain F (Mexico)

More than one G ( and the Pacific Northwest) After 1763, which of the above powers was eliminated from because of the French and Indian War? Who got most of its lands? France was eliminated from North America. Britain got most of its lands, including all of the land east of the River.

9. What is another common name for the French & Indian War, used in Canada and Britain? The Seven Years War

10. What colonial leader helped start the French and Indian War? The war started in a fight over the land in the Ohio River Valley. George was in charge of British colonial soldiers from Virginia who helped start the fight near Fort Duquesne, now , PA.

What fort in Western New York was a site of fighting during that war? Fort Niagara

What battle was the “turning point” of that war? Battle of Quebec, on the St. Lawrence River

11. What was the Albany Plan of Union for? Who suggested it? Why was it not adopted? It was a plan to have the colonies join together for defensive purposes against the French during the French and Indian War. Ben Franklin suggested it. It was not accepted because the colonies did not want to give up powers to a central power (yet!) and preferred to let the British soldiers fight for them instead.

12. What did the Treaty of Paris 1763 do? The Treaty of Paris, 1763 was the agreement that ended the French and Indian War. It gave Canada, , and all French land east of the Mississippi to Britain. France was eliminated from North America.

** Why did the French and Indian War lead to the ? Because England had fought such a large and expensive war, they had a large debt to pay afterwards. They decided to tax the colonies in order to pay for it. However, the colonies said that was taxation without representation. Furthermore, the colonists were not allowed to move into the land that they had just won from France.