Academy of Social Science Journals ISSN: 2456-2394 Home Page: http://innovativejournal.in/index.php/assj/index August, 2019 |Volume 04|Issue 08| Pages: 1414-1422

Research Article

Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi1, Ahmad Ramdhan Siregar2, Wempie Pakiding3, Mahyuddin4 Doctoral Candidate of Economic Agricultural Program, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University 2,3Animal Husbandry Faculty of Hasanuddin Univesity 4Agriculture Faculty of Hasanuddin University Corresponding Author: Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi Email: [email protected]

Abstract: There is an increasing demand on the egg and meat of the chicken lately causing the development of laying chicken farm. One of the main issues for this laying chicken development is management that cares the surrounding environment. In addition, this laying chicken farm brings about the economic and social impact on communities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the positive and negative influences of laying chicken farm on communities, and explore strategies to overcome the negative impact. This study was conducted from January to February 2018 in Tanete, Maritengngae sub-district, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South , . This study used qualitative approach with purposive sampling and the basic method of descriptive analysis. The data collection instrument are indepth interviews, observations, and related documents including journals, references, and academic papers. Data was triangulated with systematic analysis approach. The results of study are: 1) The positive impacts are the employment opportunities for people around the farm, the increasing income of the surrounding communities, and the availability of animal feed; 2) The negative effects are the string scent, waste leftover feed, and chicken waste; 3) The strategies to reduce the negative impact are the use of zeolite, cretaceous, microba, and environmental monitoring. Keywords: positive, negative, impact, laying chicken, communities

Introduction Development is essentially an effort to promote One of the livestock sector that has the potential to people's lives in all fields, both material and be developed is poultry. The development of poultry spiritual, the supporting elements of development farming is directed at (a) producing animal protein are natural resources, technology, capital and human food as an effort to maintain national food security, resources. In national development, the priority (b) increasing business independence, (c) preserving development goals are: (1) faster economic recovery and synergizing the diversity of local resources to and strengthening the base of sustainable and ensure sustainable livestock business, d) encourage equitable development based on the people's and create competitive products in order to achieve economic system; (2) People's welfare, improving export opportunities. The objectives of this business the quality of religious life and cultural endurance; development are (a) to build intelligence and create (3) Realizing the supremacy of law and good public health along with shifting demand for safe governance; (4) Building a democratic political and quality products; (b) increase farmer income system and maintaining unity and unity; (5) Achieve through optimum scale-up of existing businesses equitable development and encourage development based on existing resources; (c) create potential in the regions. employment opportunities and spread almost Livestock development is a very important part of throughout the region, and (d) increase the national development, because one of the goals of contribution to the country's foreign exchange livestock development is the enhancement of earnings (Diwyanto K., et al., 2005). superior quality of human resources. In addition, the Poultry farms that have high economic value is purpose of livestock development is to increase the laying chicken farming layer. Laying chickens are income and welfare of farmers, environmental genetically engineered based on characters from conservation and the increase of foreign exchange. previously existing chickens. Genetic improvements 1414 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities continue to be pursued to achieve optimal and not the occurrence of food dependence on any performance, which can produce large amounts of party. eggs. One of the advantages of egg laying chicken is There is an increasing demand on the egg and meat egg production is higher than the production of of the chicken lately causing the development of chicken eggs and other types of poultry. laying chicken farm. Laying chicken business is a Indonesia has now reached self-sufficiency in business that provides a very big role in the chicken meat, this is in line with government fulfillment of animal protein and various industrial programs toward self-sufficiency of animal protein. purposes. This livestock protein has an important This means the source of animal protein consumed function in everyday human life because it contains by our community, derived from livestock diversity, various amino acids needed for human growth and is not solely derived from beef and buffalo but small intelligence. This role can not be replaced by a animals such as goats, sheep, rabbits, poultry, dairy source of vegetable protein (Priyambodo, T., 2016). cows and fish. The food security in question is not More details of the population of laying chicken in only covering the availability of adequate food, but Indonesia can be seen in the following table: also the ability to access it (including buying) food Table 1. Population of Laying Chicken by Province 2015-2017 (Anonymous, 2018). No Province Years 2015 2016 2017 1 Jawa Timur 43.221.466 45.880.658 46.431.226 2 Jawa Tengah 21.865.087 21.832.857 22.453.270 3 Sumatera 15.207.333 15.790.582 15.861.489 Utara 4 Jawa Barat 14.469.405 15.143.460 15.476.462 5 Sulawesi 11.586.329 12.020.435 12.621.460 Selatan 6 Sumatera 8.436.629 8.332.868 8.390.233 Barat 7 Sumatera 6.349.630 6.401.450 6.599.130 Selatan

Based on table 1 above, is the fifth Rappang (Sidrap) district has the largest population. largest province of laying chicken population in More details can be seen in table 1 below. For that Indonesia. Further to South Sulawesi, Sidenreng district Sidrap. Table 2. District / Cities Number of Population Laying Chicken in South Sulawesi (Anonymous, 2018) No District / Cities Years 2015 2016 2017 1 Sidenreng 5.889.408 5.977.751 6.276.639 Rappang 2 Enrekang 1.172.424 1.069.324 1.122.790 3 Pinrang 770.591 779.769 818.757 4 Maros 730.299 741.491 778.566 5 Soppeng 584.922 620.422 651.443 6 Gowa 465.555 500.100 525.105 7 Luwu 355.602 433.516 455.192

Sidrap is located approximately 183 Km north of Regency and ), East (Luwu City (capital of South Sulawesi Province). Regency and ), South ( Astronomically, Sidrap Regency is located between and Soppeng District), and the West (Pinrang and 3043-4009 South Latitude and 119041-120010 East Kota ). The administrative area of Sidrap Longitude, each bordered with: North side ( is divided into 11 subdistricts and 106 1415 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities villages with an area of 1,883.25 km2. The highest Sidrap also famous as an egg producer. The number of population in Kecamatan Maritengngae is population of laying chicken and egg production per 49,563,000 people (Anonymous, 2017). sub-district can be seen in the following table: Sidrap Regency other than known as the city of rice, Table 3. Laying Chicken Population in Sidrap Sub District (Anonymous, 2018) No Sub District Years (tail) 2014 2015 2016 1 Maritengngae 1.258.251 1.295.999 1.315.439 2 Pitu Riase 41.773 43.026 43.671 3 Dua Pitue 36.838 37.943 38.512 4 Pitu Riawa 283.142 291.636 296.011 5 Watang Sidenreng 342.820 353.105 358.402 6 Panca Rijang 891.720 918.472 932.249 7 Kulo 1.073.999 1.106.219 1.122.812 8 Tellu Limpoe 404.370 416.501 422.749 9 Baranti 696.625 717.524 728.287 10 Watang Pulu 401.305 413.344 419.544 11 Panca Lautang 287.029 295.640 300.075 Total 5.717.872 5.889.408 5.977.751

Based on table 3 above, and related to the impact Denzim, NK., And Yvonna, SL. (2009) explains that caused by laying chicken breeding in the triangulation techniques usually refer to a variety of surrounding community then conducted a study on perception utilization processes to clarify meaning, the socioeconomic impact of the existence of laying verify the possibility of repetition of an observation chicken farming to the life of the surrounding or interpretation, but must be on the principle that no community in Kecamatan Maritengngae. This study observation or interpretation is 100% repeatable. aims to determine the positive and negative impacts The data analysis in this study was carried out at the of laying chicken farming on the lives of start of the study by collecting data and processed surrounding communities, and to know how to systematically by reducing the data where the data overcome these impacts. obtained was selected, focused, simplified and Methodology abstracted according to field notes obtained. Then the presentation of data classified according to the This study was conducted in January-February 2018 categories based on the variables seen and the last is in Tanete Village, Maritengngae Sub-district, the withdrawal of conclusions or intrepretasi and Sidenreng Rappang District, South Sulawesi verification of data from the results of the Province Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative presentation of classified data. Miles and Haberman approach, site selection is purposive sampling with (1991) in Sugiyono (2010) explained that data basic method of descriptive analysis. Determination activity in qualitative data analysis is done of informants by using snowball sampling technique continuously with data reduction phase, data where the determination of informants begins by presentation and conclusion. deliberately then developed to find key informant. The number of informants interviewed was 40 Results And Discussion people who started with focuss group discussion General Location Condition (FGD). Data collection techniques using indepth Tanete Village, Maritengnge Sub-district of Sidrap interview (in-depth interview) supported by Distric was officially established after separating observation, observation for primary data. While from Allakuang Village in 1992 to become a secondary data obtained from related institutions, difinitive village marked by the direct election of research reports, literature, journals and other village heads consisting of 3 village are village 1 scientific papers. Tanete, village 2 Tanete, and village 3 Tanete. The The data obtained were then analyzed using boundaries of Tanete Village are: sub district of qualitative methods, to validate data using Rijang Pittu in the north, sub district of Maritengngae in the north, sub district of Allakuang triangulation techniques according to the opinion of sub district Maritengngae, sub district of Allakuang 1416 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities sub district Maritengngae in the east, sub district of The population of Tanete Village 2,799 inhabitants Watang Pulu in the east. The distance of capital of (1,420 male and 1,379 inhabitants) consists of 764 Kecamatan and Regency each 5 Km with travel time families. For the population according to the about 15 minutes from the capital District and workforce can be seen in the following table: District (Anonymous, 2018). Table 4. Population of Tanete Village Maritengnge Sub District of Sidrap Distric by Labor (Anonymous, 2018) No Labor Amount (person) 1 The productive age population 523 2 The population is not productive 310 Total 833

Based on table 4 above, the number of labor should unproductive. They are unproductive because they be 833 people, the productive workforce is 523 are continuing their education to a higher level and people while the unproductive 310 people. This there are also those who are non-permanent. More explains that residents in Tanete Village 62.79% are details of the type of community work Tanete productive in working, while 37.21% are declared Village can be seen in the following table: Table 5. The Villagers of Tanete Village Maritengnge Sub District of Sidrap Distric by Occupation (Anonymous, 2018) No Works Amount (person) 1 Farmer 405 2 Student 300 3 Housewife 500 4 Merchants 115 5 Private employees 100 6 Retired 12 7 Honorary staff 16 8 Police 1 9 Farm Laborers / Daily Workers Released 173 10 Midwife / Other Medical Personnel 8 11 Civil Servant (PNS) 24 12 Not yet / Not Working 279 13 Breeders 932 Total 2.799

From table 5 above, it is clear that the most work This is not in line with Labor Law No. 13 of 2013 done by Tanete Village community is as a breeder stating that children under 18 should not be that is 33.30% of the total population. When employed (Anonymous, 2013). Livestock business compared to the amount of labor that should be in Tanete Village has been going on since decades (such as table 3), then the number of breeders ago even the starting point of breeding in Sidrap is greater than the labor age of 833 people. This in Tanete Village. Livestock business has been illustrates that the livestock business is not only hereditary, and generally done by the owner assisted done by the age of productive but also done by by workers from within their own families (children anyone. FGD results obtained information that the and wives), as well as workers from outside the business of laying chicken farms can be done by family or from outside the region. anyone, including to children under the age of work. 1417 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities The Positive Impacts of Laying Chicken Farm on powerful influence that has a positive impact on the Surrounding Communities life of the surrounding community. Based on the Laying chicken breeding business in Tanete Village, results of the studies that have been done, then the Maritengngae Sub-District, Sidrap Regency gives a impact can be identified as in the following table: Table 6. The Positive Impact of Laying Chicken in Tanete Village of Maritengngae Sub District of Sidrap District (Primary Data, 2018) No Impact Category Percentage (%) 1 Opening of employment Employment 37,5

2 Reduce unemployment Employment 87,5

3 Become the main job Source of public income 87,5

4 Increasing income Source of public income 87,5

5 People’s lives are more Source of public income 100 prosperous 6 Easier to consume eggs Increased food 75 andchicken meat availability 7 Improvement of nutritional Increased food 62,5 quality of food availability

Based on the result of the study, the positive impact areas. This is evidenced by the results of the of the existence of laying chicken breeding in Tanete National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) in Sidrap Village, Maritengngae Sub-district of Sidrap that the workforce in Sidrap is about 53% of the Regency is: opening of job opportunity, reducing working age population (Anonymous, 2017). While unemployment, becoming main job, increasing in Tanete Village, the ratio between the number of income, increasing prosperous life, easier labor with farmers is 89.4% (Anonymous, 2018). consuming eggs and meat chicken, as well as improving the nutritional quality of food. The 2. The increasing income of the surrounding impact is categorized in 3 sections as in the communities following description: The second category of positive impact of laying 1. The employment opportunities for people around chicken farms in the village of Tanete for the life of the farm the surrounding community is a source of public income. The results of this study are: laying chicken Absorption of labor is the ability of a production farming into basic work of 87.5%, supplementing business of goods and or services to employ a 87.5% income, and 100% saying that life is more certain amount of labor with an agreed income prosperous with the existence of laying chicken between producer and worker in a collective labor farms. This proves that the influence of the existence contract agreement (Kartasasmita, B., 2000). The of laying chicken farms affect the income generated existence of laying chicken breeding in Tanete by the community around the farm. Average number Village has a positive impact on the life of the of child earnings from Rp. 1,000,000 - Rp. community around the opening of employment and 1,500,000 per month, while business owners have an reducing the unemployment rate. In this study income according to the number of chicken categorized as employment. The result of the study population that is owned. If associated with the total is 37.5% of respondents stated that the existence of average monthly per capita expenditure of residents laying chicken farms has an impact on the opening in Sidrap district is Rp. 500.000 - Rp. 749,999 of employment, and 87.5% stated that it has an (Anonymous, 2017), then 50% of income from impact can reduce the number of unemployed. These chicken farmers for general workers (children of pens) can be saved as savings or for other needs. results proved that the existence of laying chicken farm in general has given a positive influence to the 3. The availability of animal feed work force in the district Sidrap and surrounding Variety of diversified products processed eggs of 1418 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities very varied chicken, ranging from various types of cage as a means to smooth and as a media container cuisine as a complement to the table to process farm. Cage begins with the thought of the interests various assorted cakes and bread. This situation of business continuity, namely by paying attention makes the level of chicken egg consumption is very to several aspects in order to entrepreneurship high. Eggs have a high shelf life compared to other chicken breeding laying chicken can run smoothly farm products as a source of animal protein (Fauzi, with low production costs. Legal protection of FN., 2014). livestock business should also be considered, as well The existence of laying chicken farm in Tanete as construction of cage construction in accordance Village give positive impact for people living with the location of the farm (Fauzi, FN., 2014). around that is easier to consume eggs and chicken The results of interviews and FGD conducted to the meat, and improvement of nutritional quality of respondents about the complaints felt by the food. This impact in this study is categorized as an community around the laying chicken farm in increase in food availability. The results show that Tanete Village, sub district Maritengngae, Sidrap 75% of respondents stated that the existence of regency of South Sulawesi Indonesia are: laying chicken in the surrounding area has an effect 1. The Sting Scent. on the ease of consuming eggs and chicken meat. Even declared that, eggs that are not sold are very Complaints felt by the community due to the easy to obtain because the owner usually give for existence of laying chicken farms from the free to the workers and sell them to the surrounding environmental conditions of their homes are the residents for a very cheap price. Besides the results number of flies and odors. The most disturbing of interviews and FGD also stated that the other moment is in the rainy season. In fact, the impact of the existence of laying chicken farm is an community around 100% laying chicken farms increase in nutritional quality of food by 62.5% of ignores the unpleasant odor and the number of flies respondents. This shows that by consuming eggs that are around the respondent's home. They realize and chicken meat, people's nutrition will be that the impact will affect their health, but the adequate animal protein. This is in line with Fauzi, community is more concerned with economic FN. (2014) statement that the good taste and nutrient aspects without considering the environmental content in eggs makes this egg has a high aspects. consumption level. High protein content and very In addition to adversely affecting human health affordable prices make this chicken eggs become living in the environment around the farm, the smell popular in various circles of Indonesian society. of dirt also affect the livestock and can cause This chicken egg demand from year to year increase livestock productivity to decline. Inadequate rapidly. Seeing this situation, raising this layer of management of the livestock environment can cause commercial chicken can be a lucrative business economic losses for the farmers themselves, as these opportunity (Fauzi, FN., 2014). gases can lead to decreased chicken productivity, while healthcare costs will increase, leading to the The Negative Impacts of Laying Chicken Farm profits of dairy farmers. This is in line with the on Surrounding Communities statement of Priyambodo (2016) that the existence In addition to the positive impact caused by the of laying chicken residents there are also health existence of laying chicken farms, there is also a problems caused by laying chicken breeding around negative impact of stinging odor, and there is no the home of the citizens is 16% and who do not feel handling waste waste and chicken manure waste. the health problems 84%. People affected by health This is in line with Fauzi, FN. (2014) statement that problems are coughing, dizziness, flu and some are the livestock that has grown in the community is short of breath. very risky with some complaints from local The community around the laying chicken farm has residents considering the negative impact caused. not understood about the health hazards caused by Residents get into trouble with the freshness of the the existence of laying chicken farms. It needs an air they breathe in to breathe each day. Livestock effort to handle the impact that will happen from will cause pollution of air pollution due to ammonia laying chicken breeding activities. The condition of from chicken manure and dust caused by these the area of the farm, that the smell caused by the farms, so the location of the farm should be far from existence of laying chicken farms without any the settlement. further treatment, the owners of laying chicken The most important requirement in doing chicken farms as they set up farms adjacent to the farming one of them is to prepare the location and settlements.

1419 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities 2. Waste leftover feed. water is from the laundry where the feed, the This time many public complaints about the adverse chicken drink, and others. The amount of waste effects of livestock business activities because most water is small and usually directly absorbed into farmers ignore the handling of waste from their the soil so it does not have a big effect on the business, some even dump their business waste into surrounding environment. the river, resulting in environmental pollution. The average production of fresh foam (feses) of Livestock waste generated by livestock activities laying chicken is 0,06 kg / day / tail with 25% dry such as feces, urine, feed residue, and water from matter content. Chicken stool consists of residual livestock and cattle clearance cause pollution that feed and cellulose fibers that are not digested. triggers protests from local residents. Good in the Chicken stools contain protein (nitrogen), form of a bad odor that stings, until the itching carbohydrates, fats, and other organic compounds. complaints when bathing in a river contaminated The composition of chicken feces varies greatly with livestock waste. depending on the type of chicken, age, individual Livestock waste is waste from a livestock business state of the chicken, and food (Prasetyanto, 2011). such as cattle raising, slaughterhouse, livestock Source of contamination of chicken farming product processing, and so on. The waste includes business comes from chicken feces associated with nitrogen and sulphide elements contained in the solid waste and liquid waste such as feces, urine, food waste, embryo, egg shell, fat, blood, fur, nails, faeces, which at the time of fecal or storage of the bones, horns, rumen contents, and others decomposition process occurs by microorganisms (Sihombing, 2000). As the development of livestock to form ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite gas and business increases, the wastes are increasing. sulphide gas. These gases can cause odors. Maintenance of laying chickens is usually done with The Strategies to Reduce The Negative Impact a battery system, a certain number of chickens are Steps that must be done by breeders, for the sake of kept in separate cages and placed rather high from comfort and sustainability of his farm. If there is no the ground surface, with a cage hole base so that the conflict with the surrounding community, the farm dirt will fall and piled under the cage above the will run smoothly. But there are other ways to ground. Chicken waste consists of feed residues and minimize the danger of pollution caused by this cellulose fibers that are not digested. Chicken litter chicken farm is to make the process of sanitation is contains proteins, carbohydrates, fats and other good and right. All pollution will be more controlled organic compounds. Chicken waste is a source of by the treatment (Cyrilla, C., et al., 2016). nitrogen in addition to other inorganic nitrogen Furthermore, it is stated that one of the steps that forms. The composition of chicken manure varies must be taken in determining the location of the greatly depending on the type of chicken, age, farm is by asking permission to establish a livestock individual state of the chicken and food (feed). business to the local government through RT, RW, The source of contamination of chicken farming is Head of Region and several layers of the community derived from chicken manure associated with the to discuss some of the rules related to the livestock element of nitrogen and sulfide contained in the business. There are several policies that must be impurities, which when the accumulation of dirt or discussed so that the two sides are not mutually storage occurs decomposition process by harmed. microorganisms to form ammonia gas, nitrate, and Based on the results of the study that has been done, nitrite and sulphide gas. It is the gas that causes how to overcome the negative impact of the odors (Svensson, 1990; Pauzenga, 1991; in Fauziah, existence of laying chicken breeding in the Village 2009). Furthermore, it is also stated that the high Tanete Maritengngae sub district Sidrap district is: ammonia gas content in the dirt also indicates the possibility of inadequate digestion or excessive 1. Use of zeolite. protein in animal feed, so not all nitrogen is Zeolite is a mined and easily obtained minerals that absorbed as ammonia, but is removed as ammonia in can be used to reduce ammonia gas pollution in the soil. chicken manure. Zeolite has a hollow structure 3. Chicken waste with a certain pore size which can contain water or ions that can be interchanged with other ions Poultry farms produce waste in the form of feces without destroying the zeolite structure and can that cause air pollution in the form of a disturbing absorb water in a reversible manner. Zeolites are odor and potentially harmful to health and waste known to absorb other molecules and are able to water that can pollute the environment. The waste 1420 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities absorb CO2, H2S and other gases (Sutarti, and reduced by higher feed-over costs, both in broiler Rachmawati, 1994). and laying chicken (Zainuddin et al., 1994; People in Tanete Village use zeolite directly on Zainuddin and Wahyu, 1996; in Fauziah, 2009). chicken manure with a maximum concentration of Layer chicken breeders in Tanete Village using 10%. This is more effective in suppressing the effective microorganism (EM4) in making fertilizer formation of ammonia gas and H2S in the chicken chicken laying chicken manure. This is in manure. This is consistent with Fauziah's (2009) accordance with the statement of Sumantri (1999) in statement that zeolite with 10% concentration Fauziah (2009), that the use of microbial waste added to chicken manure can reduce the formation decomposers called effective microorganism can of the gases significantly. The use of zeolite with a accelerate the process of biological decomposition, concentration of 5% is only able to press H2S gas so the odor can be reduced. The addition of 2.5 ml significantly, while the formation of ammonia gas EM4 and molasses per 100kg of chicken manure as is also reduced but not visible. well as the addition of chaff, bran and a little water 1. Cretaceous. will result in super compost fertilizer. Lime is widely used in the field of environment, 3. Environmental monitoring. especially in water treatment processes as a reduction of hardness, neutralize acidity, decrease Supervision or monitoring of the environment silicate content and organic materials, processing should be initiated and carried out by the owner of of iron ore waste and textile waste treatment to the farm. Other interested parties, in this case reduce dyes. people living around the farm are also required to Layer chicken breeders in Tanete Village using monitor and report if there is a case of lime on the process of sanitation cage and the environmental pollution by the farm business. The environment around the cage that is to clean the environmental management activities undertaken floor of the cage, dry and reduce the smell of need to be monitored to see whether they are chicken manure. This is in line with the revelation effective or not, or that there may be things that of Rutaml (1997) in Faizuah (2009), the addition of may arise either caused by the activity itself 1% and 3% lime to chicken manure can previously unexpected or other reasons beyond the significantly reduce the release of ammonia and livestock business. For that reason, environmental H2S gas, the pH of the dirt to be higher in the monitoring becomes very important because the range of 7,77-8,42. Furthermore, Arifiani (1997) in result is a feedback for the improvement of Fauziah (2009) stated that the use of lime 1% environmental management activities, if it turns out sprinkled on chicken manure, giving quality of that the monitoring result shows a decrease of chicken manure as organic fertilizer with nitrogen environmental quality. Monitoring can also be a concentration 4,96 mg / g dry weight or 0,496% tool for assessing environmental conditions over still including good quality of organic fertilizer . time (Damopoli, 1991; in Fauziah, 2009). The community around laying chicken farms in

2. Microba. Tanete Village tackle environmental pollution by The use of microbes to reduce the formation of buying fly medic in private but not yet able to ammonia gas has been tried, among others, starbio overcome the problem of the smell of dirt, whereas probiotics added to broiler feed and laying hens from the local authorities there has been no effort (Zainuddin et al., 1994; Zainuddin and Wahyu, made to cope with environmental pollution. While 1996; in Fauziah, 2009). The probiotic starbio is a the efforts that have been done by livestock business protein-decomposing microbe (proteolytic), crude owners is to sell chicken manure so as not to pollute fiber (selluitic), lignin (lignolytic), and non- the surrounding environment, treat flies. symbiotic nitrogen fixation, derived from cow's hull Conclusions and Recommendations and packed in soil mixtures, grass roots and decayed leaves or twigs (Suharto and Winantuningsih, 1993). Conclusion Addition of 0.025-0.05% starbio in commercial Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded chicken feed, the ammonia content in the cage that: environment (4-5 ppm) is lower than the ammonia - The positive impacts are the employment level in the cage environment which feed is given opportunities for people around the farm, the without the addition of starbio (8-10 ppm) . increasing income of the surrounding Probiotic supplementation is also advantageous communities, and the availability of animal feed; because the acceptance of the final product is

1421 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019 Alima Bachtiar Abdullahi et.al / Socio-Economic Impact of Laying Chicken Farm on Surrounding Communities - The negative effects are the string scent, waste 8. Diwyanto, K., Priyanti, A., Inouhu, I., 2005. leftover feed, and chicken waste; Prospect and Direction of Livestock - The strategies to reduce the negative impact are Commodities Development: Poultry, Cattle and the use of zeolite, cretaceous, microba, and Goats. Wartazoa Vo. 15 No. 1 Th 2005, Bogor. environmental monitoring. 9. Fauzi, FN., 2014. Definitely! Harvest Eggs. Publisher HF, Klaten. Fauziah, 2009. Efforts of Suggestion Poultry Business Management. Based on the above conclusions, the study of the 10. Kartasasmita, B. 2000. Labor, Employment, and socio-economic impact of the existence of laying Employment Absorption in the Coal Mining chicken farming on the life of the surrounding Sector in Indonesia. Intan Pariwara, Klaten. community in Tanete Village, Maritengngae sub 11. Priyambodo, T., 2016. Impact of Chicken district of Sidrap district of South Sulawesi, is Laying of Layer Layer for the Community in suggested that the livestock owner should pay District Rejotangan Tulungagung Regency. attention to the handling and management of Swara Bhumi Volume 03 Number 03 Year 2016, environmentally friendly waste and apply zero waste 42-48. system that is to make use of chicken manure as 12. Sihombing D T H. 2000. Engineering of Waste organic fertilizer. Management of Livestock Activities / Aknowledgement Enterprises. Center for Environmental Research Research Institute, Bogor Agricultural Thank you to the Endowment Fund for Education University, Bogor. (LPDP) of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic 13. Sugiyono. 2010. Quantitative Research Methods, of Indonesia in the Indonesian Excellence QUititative, and R & D. Alfabeta, Bandung. Scholarship Program (BUDI) which has funded the 14. Sutarti, Rachmawati, 1994. Zeolite. Literature study and implementation of this international Review of the Documentation and Information seminar. Thanks also to Hasanuddin University Center of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, who has supported the implementation of lectures Jakarta. to date and the process of writing this article. References 1. Anonymous. 2013. Labor Law no. 13 Year 2013. 2. ------. 2017. Sidenreng Rappang In Figures 2016. BPS Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, Sidenreng Rappang. 3. ------. 2018. Chicken Population of Laying Races by Province 2013-2017. Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health, Jakarta. 4. ------. 2018. Livestock Population of South Sulawesi 2014-2017. Livestock Service Office of South Sulawesi, Makassar. 5. ------. 2018. Livestock Population Data of Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Department of Agriculture, Food Security and Fishery of Sidenreng Rappang Regency, Sidenreng Rappang. 6. Cyrilla, L., Salundik, H. Muhasibi., 2016. Impact of Externality of Dairy Livestock Goats on the Life of the Community. Journal of Animal Production Science and Technology ISSN 2303-2227, Vol. 04 No. October 3, 2016. pp. 334-339. 7. Denzim, NK., Yvonna, SL. 2009. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta. 1422 Academy of Social Science Journals, vol. 4, Issue 08, August, 2019