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 Adventure Park 2  Geelong Supercats 20  Would You Risk It? 3  ’s Flags 22  The Bellarine Railway 4  Recipe—Bucatini and Prawns 24  V8 Supercars 6  Geelong Racecourse 25  Indigenous Australian  26 Sportspeople 8  The Clarinet 28  1983 Ash Wednesday 10  Word Search—  The Alaskan Malamute 12 Major Geelong Businesses 29  St Mary of the Angels 14  Perseus 30  Customs House 16  150 Years Ago 31  18  Then… & Now 32

Adventure Park Geelong is ‘s first water theme park featuring 22 rides and attractions to entertain adults and children of all ages. Located at 1249 Bellarine Highway Wallington, it is conveniently located only ten minutes drive from Geelong.

With water attractions like the Admission Prices Tunnel of Terror and Rapid Rider One Day Admission Waterslides, River Torrent, Lazy Children (3 years & under): Free River, Tiny Tots Splash Zone, Six Children (under 1.2m tall): $28 Lane Aqua Racer and Bonito‘s Bay, Adults or Children (over 1.2m tall): $34 children will stay cool and enter- Senior Citizens (60 years and over): $25 tained all day. While attractions like Disabled/Carer: $25 Go-Karts, mini golf, archery, train The Summer Fun Pass is also available rides and aqua bikes means there‘s which provides unlimited entry to Adven- plenty of fun for adults and children ture Park until April 25, 2012. not wishing to get wet.

The park offers guests free all day parking, six food outlets, wheelchair accessible toilets, locker hire, BBQ hire and undercover pavilions and marquees. So whether you bring a picnic lunch or buy your lunch at the park, you can relax lakeside under shaded picnic areas and enjoy the 21 hectares of landscaped parkland. Enjoy your summer!

Open Hours Adventure Park is open daily and operates through to April 26, 2012, only closing on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. 10:00am to 5:00pm daily

Adventure Park is also great for corporate picnics, schools excursions, holidays programs and parties. For bookings call 5250 7656 2 Would You Risk It? If you don't think that it can happen to you or your kids, consider these descriptions from the death certificates of children published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration:  A 9 month old died after being left strapped in child safety seat in a sweltering minivan for two hours— A misunderstanding between the child's parents resulted in the child being left alone in the van. Each parent believed the infant was at home with other.  A 6 month old baby died when accidentally left in a hot car for 3 hours. Both parents thought the other had carried the baby from the car to crib.  A 34 month old toddler who recently learned how to open a car door died after climbing inside the family station wagon while parents were in house.  A 23 month old died when a babysitter put the child in the car for a trip to the store, but then went back into the house having forgotten something. He was distracted by something on television, sat on couch to watch, fell asleep, and woke up two hours later.  A 2 year old died after a parent left the child in the car after returning home from an errand. One hour later the child was dead. Ambulance Victoria regional manager for "Young children aren't as good at Barwon South West, Ralf Harries, was controlling their body temperature interviewed by The Geelong Advertiser last as adults and they are in no December. He said many of the incidents position to fend for themselves if were the result of deliberate decisions by conditions become unbearable." parents."Young children aren't as good at controlling their body temperature as adults, and they are in no position to fend for themselves if conditions become unbearable. They can reach the stages of heat exhaustion and heat stroke rapidly and if something isn't done they can die," he said. "People are probably just rushing off and thinking that it's not going to be too detrimental if their children are left in the car for just a few minutes unattended while they duck into a shop, but that's simply not true." Would You Risk It? 3

In September 1878, a contract was let for the construction of the Victorian Railway branch line from South Geelong to Queenscliff to service Fort Queenscliff so that Port Phillip could be better defended. Topher, Angus & Smith won the contract and for £58,997 the line was built. The 33.7km long railway was constructed and opened in less than nine months after the contract was let. On May 21, 1879, the Governor of Victoria, George Phipps, officially opened the Queenscliff branch line. A celebratory Map showing the route of the Bellarine Railway line banquet was held afterwards in the from South Geelong to Queenscliff. Grand Hotel at Queenscliff. At the banquet, the Minister for Railways, the Hon. John Woods, made the following speech: “It is probably that, from a railway point of view, this line will not pay very well, but there are other things which should be taken into consideration as well as the paying capacity of the railway. This line is essentially a military line; It is a line which the colony may well be proud of and which our enemies might fairly stand in dread, for by its means men and material can now be concentrated on this spot from in 90 minutes for the defence of the port.”. When the very first trains ran they only catered for first class passengers. This was rectified in July 1879, when there was room for both first and second class passengers to travel along the branch each day. By January 1885, business was brisk on the line with four trains per day running in each direction starting from Queenscliff. The trains were scheduled such that residents of Queenscliff were able to commute to Geelong to work and tourists were able to make a day trip from Geelong to Queenscliff. While the train service was very helpful to Queenscliff residents, it was obvious that the whole railway branch was being funded to provide military support to Fort Queenscliff as well as Fort Nepean on the other side of Port Phillip Heads. However, with the growing prosperity which accompanied the start of the twentieth century, it was evident

A steam locomotive at the Queenscliff Railway Station in 1915.

4 The Bellarine Railway today The Bellarine Railway is a volunteer operated steam driven tourist railway on the Bellarine Peninsula. It was opened in 1979 and operates on a 16km section of the disused branch line. The railway currently operates services between Queenscliff and Drysdale with an intermediate stop at Lakers Siding every Sunday of the year and several days a week during school holidays. The Bellarine Railway is home to the ―Blues Train‖, featuring live music most Saturday evenings from October to May. Every year Thomas the Tank Engine and his friends visit the Queenscliff Railway Station and offer rides and activities for children throughout the weekend. The Bellarine Rail Trail that there was little strategic value in commit- The Bellarine Rail Trail is a 32km walking ting such huge resources to defend Port and cycling track on the Bellarine Peninsula that follows the route of the former South Phillip Heads. By 1910 the service was Geelong to Queenscliff branch line. The rails reduced to two trains per day, and in 1931 the have been removed from the section services were greatly reduced again when between South Geelong and Drysdale. passenger services were dropped and goods trains ran on Tuesdays and Thursdays only. However, an excursion train was able to run on Sundays if required. A further reduction in services occurred in 1934 when Tuesday goods trains were stopped. A temporary revival in use of the line came during World War 2 while mines were carried to and from the military base on Swan Island near Queenscliff. Up to fourteen trains per day ran at this time. However, after the war finished, traffic was insufficient for the weekly service to continue and services were gradually shut down. Finally, in May 1959 the line was closed beyond Cheetham‘s Siding. A reprieve was granted shortly thereafter, when a shell-grit quarry at Point Lonsdale opened, sending shell-grit to Melbourne glass manufacturers by rail. This kept the line open for goods trains until 1973, when the shell-grit quarry greatly reduced its output. In 1975 and 1976 it was announced that many Victorian country branch lines would close. One of the first to shut down was the Queenscliff line. The final day came on November 6, 1976. The line closed in style with two trains running from Melbourne to Queenscliff. The first was a boy scouts excursion run with a diesel locomotive and, in a manner fitting the history of the line, the very last train was a steam hauled special for the Association of Railway Enthusiasts. Today, the section between Geelong South and Drysdale has been converted into a Rail Trail, while tourist trains still ply the line between Drysdale and Queenscliff, thanks to the hard work of the Ex Fyansford Cement Works steam locomotive local volunteer steam enthusiasts. No.4 travelling on the Bellarine Railway in 2007. (See box above) 5 V8 Supercars is a touring car racing category based in Australia and run as an International Series under Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) regulations. As well as enjoying popularity in Australia, it has a considerable following in New Zealand, and is steadily growing in popularity across the world where television coverage allows. V8 Supercar events take place in all the states of Australia. Overseas rounds are also held in New Zealand and Abu Dhabi and, up until 2010, in Bahrain. V8 Supercars have drawn crowds of over 250,000 spectators. Race formats include sprint races, with either a 100km or 200km race on Saturday and one 200km race on Sunday, two 250km races over the weekend (Adelaide and Sydney), two 300km races over the weekend (Gold Coast) or endurance races such as Bathurst, which runs over a 1000km race distance, and Phillip Island, which is run over 500km. The V8 Supercars themselves take as their basis either the Ford Falcon or Holden Commodore. Although they bear some resemblance to the production models outwardly, they undergo a high degree of modification to suit the motorsport application. They are strictly governed in all aspects of performance in an effort to keep all the drivers on an even footing to create closer, more exciting racing. Because of this, entire fields of 29 drivers are separated by just one second over qualifying laps at some events. HISTORY In January 1993 the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport replaced the existing Group 3A Touring Car category with a new three-class Group 3A. This encompassed:  Class A for Australian-produced 5.0 litre V8 engined Fords and Holdens  Class B for 2.0 litre cars complying with FIA Class II Touring Car regulations.  Class C, valid for 1993 only, for normally

Historically, the Falcon and Commodore are the two most popular passenger-cars in the Australian car-market. Rivalry between the two brands adds appeal to Jamie Whincup the V8 Supercar Series. 2011 V8 Supercar Champion 6 aspirated two-wheel drive cars complying with 1992 CAMS Group 3A Touring Car regulations. Cars from all three classes would contest the Australian Touring Car Champion- ship as well as non-championship Australian touring car events such as the Bathurst 1000; but for the purposes of race classification and points allocation, cars competed in two classes: over 2000cc and up to 2000cc. From 1995 the 2.0 litre cars, now contesting their own series as Super Touring Cars, became ineligible for the Australian Touring Car Championship. They did not contest the endurance races at Sandown and Bathurst, leaving these open solely to the 5.0 litre Ford and Hol- den models. In the Group 3A / V8 Supercar category, The category acquired the name 'V8 from 1993 to 2008, Holden drivers have Supercars' in 1997 after event- won nine Australian Touring Car management company IMG won Championship Series titles and Ford the rights to the series in 1997 after drivers have won seven. a bitter battle against CAMS and the ARDC, and led the championship on a rapid expansion. Network Ten began televising the series in the same year, taking over from Channel Seven. The Australian Vee Eight Supercar Company (AVESCO) was later formed to run the series directly and later became an independent organisation from its IMG origins. AVESCO introduced carnival street-race V8 Supercar events (such as the Clipsal 500) and strove to turn Australian touring car racing into a world-class product. Australia-wide, the V8 Supercar Series continues to have wide appeal, for young and old alike.

Garth Tander, along with rookie driver Nick Percat won the 2011 Bathurst 1000 race in the closest finish in the events history. 7

Norman McDonald was born on December 10, 1925 in Geelong, Victoria. He played his junior football for Belmont. He was recruited by the Essendon Bombers in 1947 and played in their 1949 and 1950 premiership teams. He won the Essendon Best and Fairest award in 1951. He also represented the Victorian team in State of Origin on two occasions and was named on the half back flank in the AFL Indigenous Team of the Century.

Graham (Polly) Farmer (MBE) was born on March 10, 1935 in Perth, Western Australia. He joined the Geelong Football Club in 1962 where he played 101 games and captained the team for three seasons. Farmer is an official Legend of Australian Rules Football having revolutionised ruckwork and handballing. The Graham Farmer Freeway in his hometown of Perth is named in his honour.

Evonne Fay Goolagong (AO,MBE) was born on July 31, 1951 in Griffith, New South Wales. She is a former World Number 1 tennis player and one of the worlds leading players in the 1970s and early 1980s. She won 14 Grand Slam titles including seven singles titles (four Australian Open, two Wim- bledon and one French Open), six woman‘s doubles and one mixed doubles. She was awarded Australian of the Year in 1971.

Nova Maree Peris (AO) was born on February 25, 1971 in Darwin. She was a representative in the Australia Woman‘s Hockey team at the 1996 Summer Olympics becoming the first Aboriginal Australian to win an Olympic gold medal. In 1997 she switched sports to athlet- ics and a year later she became a double gold medalist in the 1998 Commonwealth Games. 8 Catherine Freeman (OAM) was born Febru- ary 15, 1973 in Slade Point, Mackay, Queensland. She became the Olympic champion for the woman‘s 400 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics, at which she lit the Olympic Flame. Her hometown‘s local ath- letics track is now named after her.

Anthony Mundine was born on May 21, 1975 in Newtown, New South Wales. He is a former two time WBA Super Middleweight champion boxer, former IBO Middleweight champion and New South Wales State of Origin representative foot- baller. He was named the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Person of the Year in 2000.He has also won The Deadlys Award as Male Sports- person of the Year in 2003, 2006 and 2007.

Adam Goodes was born on January 8, 1980 in Wallaroo, South Australia. He joined the Sydney Swans Football Club in 1997 where he became a duel Brownlow Medallist, premiership player, four time All Australian and a member of the Indigenous Team of the Century. Goodes is well known for his Indigenous Australian heritage, and is prominently involved and associated with several indigenous sport and community programs.

Greg Inglis was born on January 15, 1987 in Kempsey, New South Wales. He started his rugby league career in 2005 with Melbourne Storm where he won the highly coveted Golden Boot Award as the world‘s best player in 2009. He has represented Australian in International Rugby and Queensland in State of Origin.

MBE-Member of the Order of the British Empire; AO-Officer of the Order of Australia OAM-Medal of the Order of Australia 9 “Who can believe it happened 28 years ago! I remember it as vividly as if it had happened yesterday. The day was a scorcher. By lunchtime the boss told us to go home—it was too hot to work. I lived in Melbourne at the time. When the newscast on television reported a fire in the Dandenong Ranges, I got up onto the roof of our house to get a better view of the growing smoke cloud on the eastern horizon. Little did I realise the havoc that was about to unfold.” The Ash Wednesday bushfires, were a series of bushfires that occurred in south- eastern Australia on February 16, 1983. Within 12 hours, more than 180 fires fanned by winds of up to 110 km/h caused widespread destruction across the states of Victoria and South Australia. Years of severe drought and extreme weather combined to create one of Australia’s worst fire days in a century. The speed and ferocity of the flames, aided by abundant fuels and a landscape immersed in smoke, made fire suppression and containment impossible. In many cases, residents fended for themselves as fires broke communications, cut off escape routes and severed electricity and water supplies. Up to 8,000 people were evacuated in Victoria at the height of the crisis and a state of disaster was declared for the first time in South Australia’s history. An ominous sign of things to come occurred on the afternoon of February 8, when Melbourne was enveloped by a giant dust storm. The dust cloud was over 300 metres high and 500 km long and was composed of thousands of tonnes of topsoil from the drought-ravaged Wimmera and Mallee areas of north-west Victoria. Leading a dry cool change and preceded by record temperatures, the dust storm cut visibility in Melbourne to 100 metres, creating near darkness for almost an hour. The sight disturbed many Melbournians. Workers at Flinders St Railway Station were so scared they thought Armageddon had come! Wednesday, February 16 dawned as another unrelentingly hot, dry day. Temperatures around Melbourne and Adelaide quickly rose above 43˚C, with 10 winds gusting up to 100 km/h and relative humidity plunging to as low as 6%. It would be one of the worst fire weather days in south-east Australia since the disastrous Black Friday bushfires in 1939. The first fire was reported at 11:30 am at McLaren Flat, south of Adelaide. Within hours, multiple reports of breaking fires quickly began to deluge Victoria’s and South Australia’s emergency services. In Victoria alone, 180 fires were reported, eight of which became major fires. At one stage, the entire Melbourne metropolitan area was encircled by an arc of fire. Property loss began early in the afternoon, particularly in the Adelaide Hills, east of Adelaide and the Dandenong Ranges, east of Melbourne. The most disastrous factor in the Ash Wednesday fires occurred just before nightfall when a fierce, dry wind change swept across South Australia and Victoria. This abruptly changed the direction and dramatically increased the intensity of the fires. The long corridors of flame that had been driven all day by the strong northerly winds were suddenly hit by a gale force south-westerly, becoming enormous fire fronts, many kilometres wide, reportedly moving faster than 110 km/h. The change in temperature and air pressure was so savage that houses were seen exploding before fire could touch them. A resident of Aireys Inlet, on Victoria’s western coast, was quoted: “It was just this bloody great force. It wasn’t fire by itself. It wasn’t just the wind. It was something different to that…a monster.” The morning after Ash Wednesday, popular coastal towns along the Great Ocean Road such as Aireys Inlet, Anglesea and Lorne resembled barren moonscapes. The fire on the coast had been so intense that fire-fighters were forced to abandon all control efforts and let it burn until it reached the ocean, destroying everything in its path. The disaster caused 75 deaths, which is the second highest death toll for a bushfire in Australia—the 2009 Black Saturday bushfire had 173 confirmed fatalities, although the 1983 fires still remain the worst in Australian history in terms of property loss. It is our hope that disasters like Ash Wednes- day never happen again, but with Australia’s growing population, warming climate, extreme weather conditions, and huge fuel loads, it seems only a matter of time... Heaven help us!

11 The Malamute is a descendant of dogs belong- ing to the Malamute tribe of Inuit in Alaska. These dogs have a prominent role to play with their human companions—working, hunting and living alongside them. The interdependent relationship between the Malamute and their dogs fosters prosperity among both and enables them to flourish in the inhospitable land above the Arctic Circle. For a brief period during the Klondike Gold Rush of 1869, the Malamute and other sled dogs became extremely valuable to recently landed prospectors and settlers, and were frequently crossbred with other breeds. This was often an attempt to improve the breeding, as well as make up for how few Malamutes were offered for sale. However, this seems to have had no lasting effect on the modern Malamute, being genetically distinct from other dog breeds. The Malamute dog has had a distinguished history. In addition to helping the miners who came to Alaska during the Gold Rush of 1869, Malamutes assisted Rear Admiral Richard Byrd to get to the South Pole. During WW II they worked as search and rescue dogs in Greenland, and as freighting and packing dogs in Europe. This dog was never destined to be a racing sled dog. Instead, it was used for heavy freighting, pulling hundreds of kilograms of supplies to villages and camps, in groups of at least 4 dogs for heavy loads. The Alaskan malamute is a member of the Spitz group of dogs. Fossil remains dating back thousands of years resemble the modern Malamute closely, suggest- ing that the Alaskan malamute may be the closest living relative to the “First Dog.” Appearance Malamutes weigh between 34kg and 41kg, but larger “giant” Malamutes can reach up to 54kg. The coat is a dense double northern dog coat, somewhat “harsher” than that of the smaller Siberian husky. The usual colours are various shades of gray and white, sable and white, black and white, red and white, or solid white. Blue and white also is seen in the breed. Eyes are almond-shaped and are always various shades of brown, from dark to light, honey or hazel brown. Blue eyed Malamutes are not purebred Malamute, but mixed with perhaps a Siberian husky.

12 In most cases the physical build of the Malamute is compact with heavy bone. In this context ‘compact’ means their height to length ratio is slightly longer than tall, unlike dogs like Great Danes which are longer and lankier in their ratios. The Malamutes’ well-furred tails aid in keeping them warm when they curl up in the snow. They are often seen wrapping the tail around their nose and face, which presumably helps protect them against harsh weather such as blowing snow. Their ears are generally upright. Temperament A few Malamutes are still in use as sled dogs for personal, travel, hauling freight, or helping move heavy objects. Some are used for the recreational pursuit of sledding also known as mushing. However, most Malamutes today are kept as family pets, show dogs, and performance dogs in weight pulling, dog agility or packing. Independence, resourcefulness and primitive behaviours are common in the breed. While intelligent, they are believed to be one of the most difficult dogs to train. However, if the training is kept fun for the dog and not repetitively boring, success is within reach. If a dog owner cannot cope with a dog that will not obey the owner’s every command, a more compliant breed should be selected. Malamutes are nimble around furniture and smaller items, making them ideal house dogs, provided they get plenty of time outdoors meeting their consider- able exercise requirements. If they are year-round outdoor dogs, letting them play in a baby pool filled with cold water in summer keeps them cool. In winter, they love snow. The majority of Malamutes are fairly quiet dogs, seldom barking like most other dog breeds. When a Malamute does vocalise, more often than not they tend to “talk” by vocalising a “woo woo” sound. As a general rule, Malamutes are particularly amiable around adults and can be taught to tolerate other pets. How- ever, it is necessary to be mindful of them around smaller animals and children. When taken to public places they should always be under leash control, and fenced in when at home. It is in their nature to run away if the opportunity presents itself. When seen around Geelong, you have to admire the beautiful coat, powerful body, and friendly face of the Malamute.

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In many ways the history of the beautiful church, St Mary of the Angels, is the history of Geelong. From humble, uncertain beginnings, the town of Geelong grew with the gold rush years, survived two world wars and the ensuing years, rich and lean, to become Victoria‘s second largest city. Over the years St Mary of St Mary of the Angels Church in 1875 the Angels, too, has grown and today is certainly one of the finest churches in Victoria, an icon for Geelong and the State. Such is the majesty and historical significance of St Mary's, that it is officially recognised by the National Trust of Victoria and the Historical Buildings Council. The first catholic priest, Father Michael Ryan, arrived in Geelong on September 8, 1841 and held the first mass in a cottage in South Geelong two days later. A small wooden chapel was erected in Yarra Street in November 1842 thanks to donations from the congregation. This modest hut was one of Geelong‘s first churches as the town had only been officially proclaimed four years earlier. In the next few years an influx of Irish immigrants swelled the district‘s catholic population to around 1,000. This meant that the wooden chapel was simply too small, so the generous congregation set about raising the money for a new church. A design by Melbourne architect, Samuel Jackson, was put forward and accepted with the foundation stone for the church being laid on August 19, 1846. The church was completed, and opened by Father P.B. Geoghegan, on At a height of 64 metres, October 6, 1847. Thanks to the gold rush, St Mary of the Angels is generous donations were available to the tallest building in fund church activities, and Geelong Geelong and the fourth continued to prosper as the population tallest church in Australia. grew.

14 By 1852, the number of Catholics in Geelong had grown to almost 4,000, so it was decided that the congregation needed an even larger church. This new church was not going to just be a place of worship, but a building that would do justice to the name St Mary and one which would serve as a striking icon for Geelong. A tender was placed in the Geelong Advertiser on September 29, 1854 and the plans put forward by Messrs. Dowden and Ross were accepted. The plans were of a magnificent gothic revival style, cathedral-like building, 200ft [61m] long, 130ft [40m] wide and costing £40,000. It was to feature a giant bluestone spire, flying buttresses and exquisite rose windows. The bluestone construction would be complemented with the finest Barrabool sandstone quarried from the local hills. So in 1854, amid widespread celebra- In 2004 St Mary of the tions, the foundation stone of the new St Angels became Australia’s Mary of the Angels Church was laid. However in 1856, work on the new fifth basilica upon gaining church ceased due to a lack of funds, Vatican approval. turning the grand vision of Dowden and Ross into nothing more than an eyesore for the community. In 1871, after seventeen years, the arrival of Archdeacon Slattery to Geelong was the catalyst for work to recommence on the church and in 1872 architect T.A. Kelly prepared plans for the completion of the church. Despite the fact that the spires were not yet installed, it was an impressive structure that dominated the local landscape. It seated over 1,000 people and was lauded in the local press for its artistry. In 1931 work began on the completion of the church as it appeared in the original plans including the addition of the central tower and the bluestone spires. Six years later, in June 1937, and in the midst of the de- pression, the work was completed. While others may have a different religious persuasion, there is little doubt the basilica is the most eye -catching building in Geelong—a testament to the designers and the skill of Geelong‘s tradesmen. St Mary of the Angels Basilica today

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The first customs officer arrived in Melbourne in 1836, no only two years after its founding. Governor Burke in Sydney was forced to accept the illegal settlement at Port Phillip as there was little he could do to prevent it. But he could at least ensure that smuggling was prevented and that customs duties were paid on all goods brought into Melbourne. The primary role of customs officers was to calculate the tariff payable on goods imported into Victoria. Customs officers spent a great deal of time measuring and weighing goods, and then calculating the amount of duty to be paid by the importer. The tariffs for differ- ent products varied, and officers consulted published Geelong’s first Customs lists. When ships arrived at port, passengers disem- building (1838) is now on barked, the cargo was unloaded and the Customs show in the Botanic ‗Landing Waiter‘ checked the papers listing the cargo Gardens and persons on board. He then supervised the discharge of cargo and determined whether duties had to be paid. In the Early Days After many years of trying, and Geelong was proclaimed a town in 1838. many times being declined by Her Australia was still a series of separate Majesty Queen Victoria, Geelong British colonies which levied customs was finally declared a free port on duties on goods coming from overseas August 1, 1848. This meant that and goods passing between the no British tariffs applied on items colonies. For some years, all customs being imported or exported whilst clearances had to be made through they were being held at the port. Williamstown, forcing ships trading with Geelong to travel north for customs before offloading their products back in Geelong. Located in the Botanic Gardens today is Geelong‘s first Customs House. The small, square gothic timber structure was built using timber studs clad with quirk bead, weatherboards and a thatch roof. It was reported that the building was prefabricated in Sydney in 1838 before being shipped to Geelong. It was erected in Geelong that year and is claimed to be the oldest surviving building in Victoria. The only alteration to the well preserved Sketch of Geelong’s second Customs building—used until 1856 16 building came in 1854 when the thatch roof was replaced with shingles. When the first perma- nent stone customs house was built in 1854, the little building was used for a short time as a Telegraph Office. For a few years a two-storey wooden building replaced the Geelong’s Customs House in 1856 viewed from existing Customs ―shed.‖ How- Brougham Street. ever, with the start of the gold rush and Geelong‘s booming wool trade, it quickly became evident the a more substantial building was required to handle the increased trade in and out of the port of Geelong. The next Geelong Customs House was built in 1856 by Melbourne contractor W.G. Cornish. The design of this colonial Georgian From 1838, when Geelong first style three storey structure can be at- became a town, until 1853 when tributed to colonial architect James the first channel was started, a Balmain, assisted by Edward Davidson. sandbar across the bay from Classically modeled Barrabool sand- Point Lillias to Point Henry stone was used on a basalt foundation. prevented larger ships from The structure is on the same site which entering the inner harbour. has served as the Customs Reserve Ships were required to drop since 1838. The building is an anchor in the bay and cargo outstanding example of freestone was transported to Geelong masonry construction in Victoria. on small barges. Moving Into the 21st Century The new Customs House located on Corio Quay Road at North Shore was officially opened on February 10, 2006. The new office enables Customs to board international ships faster and more effectively and further enhance its role in maritime security. The officers also conduct regular waterfront patrols, working closely with quarantine officers who are located in the same building. The officers based in Geelong also have access to a range of technologies, including mobile x-ray, trace particle detection technology, closed- circuit television and detector dogs. Customs House viewed from Brougham Street How times have changed! today. Little has changed in 156 years. 17 Vegemite is considered as much a part of Australia‟s heritage as Kangaroos and Holden Cars. How much do you know about this famous Aussie concoction? Early Beginnings In the late 19th Century, German scientist, Justus von Liebig, discovered that brewers yeast could be formed into a paste and eaten as a food. The British loved it. In 1902 The Marmite Food Extract Company was formed, and business boomed. In 1908 the Sanitarium Health Food Company bought the rights to produce and market Fred Walker ‟Marmite‟ in New Zealand and Australia, where it also became popular. However, during, and after World War I the Marmite supply, coming from New Zealand was disrupted. Enter Fred Walker. The company Fred Walker & Co was founded in 1903, importing and export- ing food from Australia. After returning from serving in the military during WWI, Fred Walker expanded his business to include the manufacture and canning of processed foods. Aware of Marmite‟s popularity, and observing the used yeast from Carlton & United Breweries being thrown out, in 1923 he employed a young food chemist, Cyril Callister, to invent a new food, similar to Marmite. Callister went to work, first breaking down the yeast cells to form a clear liquid extract. After blending in salt, as well as onion and celery extracts, a thick, black paste was formed. To market this new product Walker held an Australia-wide competition to name the new product*. A prize of £50 (today worth about $4,000) was offered. The name "Vegemite" was selected out of a hat by Fred Walker's daughter, Sheilah. However, sales of the new spread were a flop. Marmite was again readily available, so few saw the need to adjust their tastebuds to the stronger flavour of Vegemite. In an effort to compete with Marmite, from 1928-35 Walker changed the name from Vegemite to “Parwill.” This was accompanied by the advertising slogan: “Marmite but Parwill,” a play on words to hopefully make the product appear superior to Marmite. The campaign failed miserably. By 1935, Walker had formed an alliance with giant American food company Kraft, so that he could manufacture and distribute their recipe for processed cheese. With Vegemite having its original name restored, sales finally started to grow when free samples were offered with every purchase of processed cheese.

*In 2009 a similar marketing ploy was used by Kraft to find the name of its new Vegemite/cheese product. After upsetting many consumers by initially naming it “iSnack 2.0,” (and creating huge publicity along the way) eventually the name “Vegemite Cheesybite” was given the nod. 18 The Vegemite Song Vegemite's rise to popularity was helped by the marketing campaigns written by J. Walter Thompson Advertising that began in 1954, featuring the „Vegemite Song.‟ First aired on radio in 1954 the jingle was transferred to television in 1956. We're happy little Vegemites As bright as bright can be. We all enjoy our Vegemite For breakfast, lunch, and tea. Our mummies say we're growing stronger Every single week, Because we love our Vegemite We all adore our Vegemite It puts a rose in every cheek.

In 1939 the British Medical Association endorsed Vegemite as a rich source of vitamin B. Then, during World War II Vegemite was included in ration packs for the Australian Armed Forces. By the late 1940‟s the Australian love affair with Vegemite was complete, with 9 out of every 10 homes in Australia using it. Today, Vegemite is produced at the Kraft factory in Port Melbourne. Driving past the factory on the West Gate Freeway always brings the smell of freshly made Vegemite wafting into the car. Over 22 million jars are produced annually, remaining virtually unchanged since developed by Cyril Callister 89 years ago.

Cyril Percy Callister was born on February 16, 1893 at Chute, near Beaufort. He was one of nine children. The family moved to Yendon, near Buninyong, where his early schooling took place. He completed his secondary studies at Ballarat and won a Government Exhibition to the and a scholarship to Queens College. In 1913 he successfully completed his Bachelor of Science degree. In January 1915, he started working for Lewis & Whitty who manufactured some food products, but mainly concentrated on household lines. Callister enlisted in June 1915 and was sent to Britain with other young Australian chemists to make explosives. In August 1919, he married a Scottish girl, Katherine Mundell, before returning to Melbourne. On February 16, 1923, he was appointed chief chemist to Fred Walker & Co, where he invented Vegemite. In addition to his work with yeast, he began to experiment with cheese processing. Callister found a reference to JL Kraft's patent. He success- fully made cheese according to the recipe. Walker left for America in August 1925 to negotiate with JL Kraft for the rights to make processed cheese in Australia under the Kraft patent. The Kraft Walker Cheese Company Pty Ltd was registered in May 1926. Cyril Callister died on October 5, 1949 of a coronary attack. He was 56 years old. 19

The birth of the Geelong Basketball Club took place when a group of local basketball officials decided to look for a greater challenge. Officials of the Geelong Amateur Basketball Association felt that Geelong should be represented in the top Victorian competition, the Victorian Basketball Association. For many years Geelong‘s top basketball players, seeking the highest level of competition, had played with leading clubs in Melbourne. So in late 1977 a group of Geelong men banded together and formed the Geelong Basketball Club to give local basketballers the opportunity of playing top level competition without having to travel to Melbourne for practice. The Geelong Cats were founded as part of the Victorian Basketball Association in 1978. After achieving championship success in that league in 1981, the club was pitted against four Current Squad National Basketball League (NBL) clubs over two tour- Jamie Medved (C) naments. After defeating all of these NBL teams the Nathan Herbert (C) Cats were accepted into the NBL for the 1982 season. Isma‘il Muhammad With star players such as Cal Bruton and James Craw- Michael Rebula ford, the Cats recorded 13 straight victories and finished Matt Hardiman second overall at the end of the regular season. Re- Nathan Freind markably the Cats also competed in the Grand Final in Nick Owusu their first season. However they could not finish their Keith Harrison fairytale season, going down to the West Adelaide Robert Manson Bearcats 80-74. Sebastian Loader The following several seasons continued to be success- Yusef Qaafow ful for the Cats, although they failed to reach the Grand Lachlan Headlam Final. By 1986, star players such as Bruton and David Mecanovic Crawford had moved on and the team began to slide Theron Wilson down the NBL ladder. In 1988, the Cats changed their name to the Supercats that they still use today. The 1988 season saw the Supercats lose all 24 games that season. New play- ers including star Shane Heal, helped the Supercats partially recover in the early 90‘s, but eventually they dropped to last on the NBL ladder in 1992 and failed to regain a position in the finals in their remaining years. In 1996, the Supercats were one of three teams that returned their NBL 20 licenses to the league due to changed entry requirements. While not the first time teams had folded in the league, the sudden departure of the Super- cats, Rollers and Devils signified that the NBL‘s successful era was truly over. Since 1997, the Supercats (now known as the St Laurence Geelong Supercats due to sponsorship) have competed in the Australian Basketball St Laurence Geelong Supercats celebrating Association (ABA), as part of the their 2010 SEABL championship win South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL). Over the last couple of seasons the Supercats have been particularly successful. In 1999 the Supercats won the South Confer- ence final beating the Nunawading Spectres 82-81, before going on to win their second ABA national championship by beating Kilsyth Cobras 98-78 in Canberra. In 2005, 2006 and 2007 the Supercats won the SEABL East Conference, although only winning the ABA National championship in 2006, defeating the Dandenong Rangers 94-80. Last year (2011) the Supercats were runners-up to Nunawading in the SEASL East Conference Grand Final. This year, Geelong Supercats open their season with an opportunity for revenge against Nunawading when they host the visitors at The Arena on March 17th at 7:30pm. Why not go along and support your local team? Geelong Arena The Geelong Arena is a multi-use Sports and Entertainment venue owned and managed by the City of Greater Geelong. The venue houses four purpose built basketball courts, including an auditorium suitable for inter- national sport competitions and events. The fully licensed venue has catering facilities, plenty of parking and is situated opposite North Geelong railway station. The facility is recognized as the ―Home of Geelong Basketball‖ with the Geelong Supercats and Basketball Geelong as major users. As well as being home to Geelong Basketball and the Supercats, Geelong Arena is home to Elite Taekwondo, Geelong Gymnastics Centre, Kyokushin Arena Dojo and Total Events. The City of Greater Geelong purchased the Geelong Arena in 2003 and has developed the venue into a well known Sports and Entertainment venue within the region. The Geelong Arena is located at 110 Victoria Street, North Geelong. 21

Before 1901, what is now Australia was six

separate British colonies. The Union Flag,

(or Union Jack) as the flag of the British

Empire, was first used on Australian soil on

April 29, 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook

landed at what is now Botany Bay. It was

again used at the start of European settle-

ment of the country on January 26, 1788 when the First Fleet arrived. The Union Flag was often used to represent the colonies collectively, and each colony also had its own flag based on the Union Flag. As an Australian national consciousness began to emerge, several flag movements were formed and unofficial new flags came into common usage. Two attempts were made throughout the nineteenth century to design a national flag. The first such attempt was the National Colonial Flag created in 1823-24 by Captains John Nicholson and John Bingle. This flag consisted of a red cross on a white background, with an eight-point star on each of the four limbs of the cross, while still incorporating a Union Flag. The most popular "national" flag of the period was the 1831 Federation Flag, also designed by Nicholson. This flag was the same at the National Colonial Flag, except that the cross was blue instead of resembling that of St. George. Although the flag was designed by Nicholson in 1831, it did not become widely popular Eureka Flag until the latter part of the century, when calls for federation began to grow louder. These flags, and many others such as the Eureka Flag (which came into use at the Eureka Stockade in 1854), featured stars representing the Southern Cross. The oldest known flag to show the stars arranged as they are seen in the sky is the Anti- Transportation League Flag, which is similar in design to the present National Flag. The differences were that there was no Commonwealth Star, while the components of the Southern Cross are depicted with eight points and in gold. This flag was only briefly in usage, as two years after the formation of the Anti-Transportation League in 1851, the colonial authorities decided to stop the intake of convicts, so the ATL ceased its activities.

National Colonial Flag 1831 Federation Flag Anti-Transportation Flag Murray River Flag 22 The Aboriginal flag was designed by Harold Thomas, a Luritja man from Central Australia. It was created as a symbol of unity and national identity for Aboriginal people during the land rights movement of the early 1970s. The flag was first flown at Victoria Square in Adelaide on National Aborigines Day, July 12, 1971. In 1995, the Australian Government proclaimed the flag as an official 'Flag of Australia' under section 5 of the Flags Act 1953. The symbolic meaning of the flag colours (as stated by Mr Harold Thomas) are:  Black: Represents the Aboriginal people of Australia  Red: Represents the red earth, the red ochre and a spiritual relation to the land  Yellow: Represents the Sun, the giver of life and protector

The Eureka Flag is often viewed as the first "Australian" flag as it was the first notable example of a design that had the Southern Cross while excluding the Union Flag. The Murray River Flag, popular since the 1850s, is still widely used by boats that traverse Australia's main waterway. It is the same as the National Colonial Flag, except that the white background in the three quadrants other the canton were replaced with four alternating blue and white stripes, representing the four major rivers that run into the Murray River. The national flag used today was chosen in 1901 from entries in a worldwide compe- tition held following Federation, and was flown for the first time in Melbourne on September 3, 1901. This date has been proclaimed as Australian National Flag Day. A year later, a slightly different design was approved by King Edward VII. Over the next few years, the exact specifications of the flag were changed several times both intentionally and as a result of confusion. The current specifications were formally gazetted in 1934, and in 1954 the flag became recognised by, and legally defined in, the Flags Act 1953, as the "Australian National Flag". Where Did Flags Come From? The first flags were used to assist with military identification and give battle orders in combat. Also, many early flags were religious in nature. Even today, the British Union Flag contains the red Cross of St George, the red St Patrick’s Cross, and the white St Andrews Cross, religious symbols used to sanctify the national symbol. The Australian flag has these same symbols in the upper portion of the flag that represents Australia’s link to Britain. Today, national flags are potent patriotic symbols. They often include a strong military association due to their original and ongoing military uses. The religious connection with worship has been affirmed in many countries, including by the Supreme Court in America. However, instilling national pride is undoubtedly the main motive for using flags today.

23 Bucatini with Garlic Prawns

Ingredients  350g bucatini or other long pasta  2 tablespoons olive oil  3 garlic cloves, finely chopped  20 green tiger prawns, peeled (tails intact)  500ml tomato passata (sieved tomato puree)  Pinch of sugar  Basil leaves, to garnish (torn if large)

Method

Cook pasta in a large pan of boiling salted water according to packet instructions. Drain, reserving 1/4 cup (60ml) of the cooking liquid. Return pasta to pan (off heat) with the reserved liquid and toss.

Meanwhile, heat the oil in a deep frypan over medium heat. Add garlic and stir for 20 seconds or until fragrant. Add prawns stir for 2 minutes or until beginning to colour. Add the passata and bring to the boil, then reduce heat to low and simmer for 5 minutes until thickened. Season sauce to taste with sugar, salt and pepper.

Divide pasta among bowls and top with prawns. Serve scattered with basil.

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The Geelong Racecourse is a major regional horse racing venue and home of the famous Geelong Cup horserace held every October. The racecourse is located at 99 Breakwater Road, Breakwater. The first race meet in Geelong was on May 1, 1841, at Corio, only 3 years after the township of Geelong was established. Three races were held on the day. In an attempt to Geelong Racecourse’s synthetic track conduct annual meetings, the Geelong Racing Committee then conducted a trial meeting on the banks of the Moorabool River near Fyansford. In 1849 a 727 acre site on flats beside the Barwon River was chosen for the Marshalltown racecourse. However, the annual winter meetings were washed out due to the Barwon River flooding, adding to the clubs financial hardship. The Geelong Racing Club was formed in 1866, holding their first meet on January 18,19. February 23, 1872 saw the first Geelong Cup held at the Marshalltown course, where a new grandstand was opened. A railway branch line was provided to the course in 1878. In 1907 it was decided to relocate the Geelong Racecourse to its current site on Breakwater Road. The first race meet was held there in March 1908, with the first Geelong Racing Club meet being held there on December 12, 1908. The Geelong Racecourse railway station was also provided at this time. The Geelong Racecourse has two tracks, a synthetic track and a turf track. The synthetic track is a left handed all weather ThoroughTrack course of 1858 metres in length. The turf track is a left handed oval track that runs on the outside of the synthetic track at a length of 2043 metres.

The synthetic course was opened in August, 2007at a cost of $3.9 million. Due to problems with the wax in hot temperatures, the track was dug up to allow for a new drainage system to be installed. Racing commenced on the synthetic track in June 2010, and immediately proved its worth with races being able to transfer to the Geelong Racecourse‘s synthetic track if weather conditions are not suitable for racing at other locations. As the track is synthetic and does not need to be watered, it is immune to the effects of drought and rain.

25 Monty Python was a British surreal comedy group that created the influential Monty Python’s Flying Circus, a British comedy sketch show that first aired on the BBC on October 5, 1969. Forty-five episodes were made over four series. The Python phenomenon developed from the television series into touring stage Monty Python members in 1969: shows, films, numerous albums, , , , several books and a stage musical , , and as well as launching the members to individual stardom. The group‘s influence on comedy has been compared to ‘ influence on music. The television series, broadcast by the BBC from 1969 to 1974, was conceived, written and performed by members Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Python members appeared in and/or wrote a number of shows before Monty Python’s Flying Circus, including: I’m Sorry, I’ll Read That Again (radio) (1964-1973); (1966-1967); At Last the 1948 Show (1967); (1967); (1967-1969); We Have Ways of Making You Laugh (1968); (1968); The Complete and Utter History of Britain (1969); and Doctor in The House (1969). Following the success of Do Not Adjust Your Set, ITV offered Palin, Jones, Idle and Gilliam their own series together. At the same time Cleese and Chapman were offered a show by the BBC. Cleese was reluctant to do a two-man show for various reasons, including Chapman‘s supposedly difficult personality. Cleese had fond memories of working with Palin and invited him to join the team. With the ITV series still in pre-production, Palin agreed and suggested the involvement of his writing partner Jones and colleague Idle – who in turn suggested that Gilliam could provide animations for the projected series. Hence, the crew of Monty Python came together. Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) Monty Python and the Holy Grail was based on Arthurian Legend and was directed by Jones and Gilliam. Again, the latter also contributed linking animations (and put together the opening credits). Along with the rest of the Pythons, Jones and Gilliam performed several roles in the film, but it

26 was Chapman who took the lead as King Arthur. Cleese returned to the group for the film, feeling that the group was once again breaking new ground. Holy Grail was filmed on location, in picturesque rural areas of Scotland, with a budget of only £229,000. The money was raised in part with investments from rock groups such as Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull and Led Zeppelin. It made over $120 million at the box office. Monty Python’s Life of Brian (1979) Following the success of Holy Grail, reporters asked for the title of the next Python film, despite the fact that the team had not even begun to consider one. Eventually, Idle once flippantly replied ―Jesus Christ – Lust for Glory‖, which became the group‘s stock an- swer once they realised that it shut reports up. However they soon began seriously consider a film lampooning the New Testament era in the same way Holy Grail had lampooned Arthurian legend. Despite them all sharing a distrust of organized religion, they agreed not to mock Jesus nor his teachings directly. Instead, they decided to write a satire on credulity and hypocrisy among the followers of someone who had been mistaken for the ―Messiah,‖ but who had no desire to be followed as such. Chapman was cast in the lead role of Brian. The film grossed over $20 million. Despite its subject manner attracting controversy, particularly upon it initial release, it has (together with its predecessor) been ranked among the greatest comedy films. A British Channel 4 poll in 2005 ranked Holy Grail in sixth place, with Life of Brian at the top. Monty Python’s The Meaning of Life (1983) Python‘s final film returned to something structurally closer to the style of Flying Circus. A series of sketches loosely follows the ages of man from birth to death. Directed again by Jones solo, The Meaning of Life is embel- lished with some of Python‘s most bizarre and disturbing moments. At the time of its release, the Pythons confessed their aim was to offend ―absolutely everyone.‖ Where are the Pythons Now? Graham Chapman died in 1989, putting an end to the possibility of the entire group working together once more. Since then, various members have worked together on different films, albeit not under the name Monty Python. Whether working individually or as a group the six British comedi- ans are stills rated among the best comedy writers and actors of all time.

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The Clarinet is a musical instrument of woodwind type. The name derives from adding the suffix –et (meaning little) to the Italian word clarino (meaning a type of trumpet), as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single reed. In jazz contexts, it has sometimes been informally referred to as the “liquorice stick.” The unmodified word clarinet usually refers to the Bb soprano clarinet, by far the most commonly played clarinet. History The modern clarinet developed from a Baroque instrument called the chalumeau. This instrument was similar to a recorder, but with a single- reed mouthpiece and a cylindrical bore. Lacking a register key, it had a limited range of about one and a half octaves. It had eight finger holes, like a recorder, and two keys for its highest notes. Johann Christoph Denner invented the clarinet in Germany around the turn of the 18th century by adding a register key to the earlier chalumeau. Over time, additional key work and airtight pads were added to improve tone and playability. Today the clarinet is used in jazz and classical ensembles, in chamber groups, and as a solo instrument. Born on January 28, 1929 Bernard Stanley "Acker" Bilk MBE is one of the world’s best known clarinettists. He is known for his trademark goatee, bowler hat, striped waist- coat and his breathy, vibrato-rich, lower-register style. Bilk earned the nickname Acker from the Somerset slang for 'friend' or 'mate'. His parents tried to teach him the piano, but as a boy, Bilk found it restricted his love of out- door activities, especially football. He lost two front teeth in a school fight and the top of his left middle finger in a sledging accident, both of which have affected his eventual clarinet style. He learned the clarinet while serving in the Royal Engineers in the Suez Canal Zone after his sapper friend John A. Britten gave him a clarinet that he had bought at a bazaar and had no use for. The clarinet had no reed and Britten had fashioned a makeshift reed for the instrument out of some scrap wood. By the mid-1950s Bilk was playing professionally. In 1962 Bilk wrote "Stranger on the Shore" for a British television series and recorded it as the title track of his new album. It sold over one million copies. Described as "Great Master of the Clarinet," Acker Bilk continues to tour with his Paramount Jazz Band 28 Word Search– Major Geelong Businesses T D L L C E C L B F T T A G K E O T E N A E G E E L O N G A D D Y T M C H A R R Y S U L E A T S G A R V I A E S R O G F A T A S R E T A W N O W R A B C A K E A L T A C P I L K I N G T O N S L E T E I T N S L O N P N I T R B N N R F I O L D L L T N L T N C E G G O R N P O K C O N E O K L R U L O U S O R U B A R W O N H E A L T H E A T J R D I Y A W D I M G U E D K I S O H D B S L C S R O M V S W E O L L I K R A T O I L T A D I O R M O Y G C R O N E I P U A N R L J E T U E O N B R G E H U Y H L O S C K D E O L K L I L T C N X S N W Y T S R I O T R W H E T U L O S O G H I W E R S E T E S G A K N E I S I L L O T E G R A T D E E E C A L C O T I M B E R I P I F I A N C O P C A I L A F S L U E E M I O D O P E P G B M R L S E B G E C G L S A F O I L B I B R C E N C L K R O N K L S G E G A Y E V O L H I K L O T C R D O E T U E T N E R O E S E I S O J A Y M O S O U E A I R O O T

Alcoa Deakin Uni Onesteel Avalon Airport Ford Moters Pilkingtons Backwell Geelong Addy Rex Gorell Bartter Geelong Council Rip Curl Barwon Health Geelong Wool Shell Oil Barwon Prison Godfey Hirst Skilled Barwon Water Incitec Pivot Smiths Holden Benders Josies Southern Star Blue Circle Kempe St John of God Calco Timber McHarrys TAC Costas McKellar Target 29 CSIRO Midway Perseus was born the son of Zeus and Danaё, who was the only child of Acrisius, King of Argos. Disappointed at having a daughter instead of a son, Acrisius consulted the oracle at Delphi, who warned him that he would one day be killed by his daughter’s son. To keep her childless Acrisius imprisoned her in a bronze chamber open to the sky in the courtyard of his palace. Zeus came to her in the form of a shower of gold, and impregnated her. Soon after was born their child Perseus. Fearful for his future but unwill- ing to provoke the wrath of the gods by killing Zeus’s offspring and his own daughter, Acrisius cast the two into the sea in a wooden chest. Mother and child washed ashore on the island of Perseus Beheading the Medusa Seriphos, where they were taken in by the fisherman Dictys, who By Florentine sculptor Cellini married Danaë and raised the boy as his own. The brother of (1545-54) Dictys was Polydectes, the king of the island. After some time, Polydectes fell in love with Danaё, and desired to take his brother’s wife as his own. Since Perseus thwarted his attempts, Polydectes tricked Perseus into promising him to kill Medusa and bring him her head as a gift. Killing Medusa had been attempted by many others without success, since all who looked at Medusa were instantly turned to stone. Polydectes was sure Perseus would either be killed by Medusa or, if he returned without the promised gift he would be justified in banishing Perseus from the island. Perseus’ quest for Medusa’s head is one of the most told stories of Greek mythology. Perseus wisely started by seeking help from the other Gods. Athena advised Perseus to find the nymphs Hesperides, who were entrusted with weapons needed to defeat Medusa. Following Athena’s guidance, Perseus sought out the Graeae, sisters of the Gorgons, to demand their whereabouts. The Graeae were three perpetually old women, who had to share one eye and one tooth among them. As the women passed the eye from one to the other, Perseus snatched it from them, holding it ransom in return for the location of the nymphs. When the sisters led him to the Hesperides he returned what he had taken. From the Hesperides he received a knapsack to safely contain Medusa’s head. He received further help from Zeus (who gave him a sword), Hades (a helmet of invisibility), Hermes (winged sandals so he could fly), and Athena (who gave him a polished shield). Perseus then proceeded to the Gorgon’s cave. In the cave he came upon the sleeping Gorgons—Stheno, Euryale and Medusa. By viewing Medusa’s reflection in his polished shield, he safely approached and cut off her head. The other two Gorgons pursued Perseus, but under his helmet of invisibility he escaped. On returning to Seriphos he discovered that his mother had had to flee from the violent advances of Polydectes. Entering the king’s court Perseus plucked Medusa’s head out of the knapsack. When Polydectes gazed at it he immediately turned to stone, along with all others in the room. Perseus then made his brother, Dictys, king of Seriphos. He then returned his magical loans and gave Medusa’s head as a gift to Athena, who set it on Zeus’ shield. The fulfilment of the oracle’s prediction of Danaё’s son killing Acrisius then came true. While competing in athletic games Perseus threw a discus (or quiot in one version) which veered and struck Acrisius as he looked on from the crowd, killing him instantly. 30 Geelong– 150 years ago this month THREE HOURS IN GEELONG. “Committing myself to the care of Cobb and the companionship of a host of Ballaratians, I started on Sunday morning for a brief spell on the seaboard... Our journey to Geelong was barren of incident. We swallowed the usual quantity of dust and public-house liquors, made the usual remarks about the weather, the coachman, the railroad, and the times, and at length got to Geelong just as the natives had settled down to their afternoon meal. We then had to wait three and a half hours for the train for Melbourne, a trial of human patience that should suffice to build up a lasting habit of resignation... There reigned everywhere a perfect Sabbatic calm. I could not find even a church or a chapel open, and so I went and had a swim, and felt happier and cleaner. No doubt it was a sin, even as it was a sin to travel... Having gone fruitlessly in quest of a sermon, wandered about the silent streets, read all four sides of the market clock three or four times over, I took once more to the beach... The gentle music of the rippling wavelets as they laved* with their clear water the bright yellow sands, seemed to harmonise with the tranquil scene, and time and place... Eventually the iron horse, with a marked disregard of Sabbath observance, went to work with a steamful will, and dragged us into Melbourne just as the red moon rose, with her slightly waned outline, over the purple ridges of the ranges of Dandenong.” *Laved: washed over The Star (Ballarat): Friday, February 21, 1862 p.2

Looking over the swamp (later Johnstone Park) toward Geelong Railway Station 1866

About this brochure: This brochure has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this brochure, or suggestions for future issues please write to: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre. Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000

31 c.1905

Courtesy: Geelong Heritage Centre Picture Library Ryrie Street—Looking west past Moorabool Street While electricity came to Geelong in 1900, distribution focussed on serving homes and businesses. By 1905 the middle of all major intersections in Geelong still kept a gas lamp, lit every night and extinguished every morning by men employed as Gas Lighters. By 1913 all the gas street lamps were gone. The old ANZ Bank building on the left still remains in excellent condition. The new Belchers Corner building (below right) was built in 1926 for Norman Belcher, son of ex-mayor, George Belcher. Georges Rugs now occupies the corner shop.

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