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Reconnaissance Geology Between Lake Mead and Davis Dam Arizona-Nevada

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Reconnaissance Geology Between Lake Mead and Davis Dam Arizona-Nevada Reconnaissance Geology Between Lake Mead and Davis Dam Arizona-Nevada GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 374-E Reconnaissance Geology Between Lake Mead and Davis Dam Arizona-Nevada By CHESTER R. LONGWELL SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 374-E Bedrock and structural features in a belt along the Colorado River UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract---_---_---------_--_--____________________ El Geology of the area Continued Introduction -_----__-----_--_-_____________________ 1 Cretaceous (?) and Cenozoic igneous rocks Continued Purpose and method of present study_____________ 1 Volcanic rocks Continued Acknowledgments. _ ______________________________ 3 Comparison with adjacent areas._________ E31 Climate and vegetation________________._________ 3 Pleistocene(?) igneous rocks._____________ 33 Surface features-__-------___-__________________ 4 Structure ______________---_---__-___-__-------- 34 Earlier work in the area_________________________ 4 Structure of Black Mountains.-______________ 35 Geology of the area_________________________________ 5 Section along Boulder Canyon__-_---_-__- 35 General statement______________________________ 5 Structure near Fortification Hill __________ 36 Precambrian rocks______________________________ 5 Faulted western border._________________ 37 Sedimentary rocks______________________________ 6 Formations northwest of Lake Mead__________ 6 Structure north and west of Boulder Basin_____ 39 Pliocene(?) basin deposits.-__________________ Structure west of Black Mountains ___________ 39 Muddy Creek formation.________________ Boulder Basin to Eldorado Wash _________ 39 Landslide breccia.__________________ 10 Northern Eldorado Mountains block. _ 39 Older alluvium _____________________________ 11 Nelson block._._____________--_--_- 40 Chemehuevi formation ______________________ 12 Eldorado Wash to Newberry Mountains. __ 41 Younger alluvium.__________________________ 15 Structure east of Newberry Mountains _ _ _ _ 42 Cretaceous(?) and Cenozoic igneous rocks__________ 16 Dating of faults.____________-_-_------- 43 Intrusive bodies. ___________________________ 16 Mineral deposits-____-_--__------__------------- 43 Large plutons.-_--_-___________.______. 16 Geologic history of the area__________________________ 43 Dikes, sills, and plugs___________________ 18 Volcanic rocks._____________________________ 18 Paleozoic era_______________-_____--_---_-__---- 43 Patsy Mine volcanics_-__________________ 19 Mesozoic era.____________________--_----------- 44 Golden Door volcanics__________________ 20 Cenozoic era_____________________-__--__------_ 45 Mount Davis volcanics--__-_____________ 24 References._ ____________________________---_----__- 46 Volcanic rocks of Muddy Creek formation. 29 Index._____-_____-_-__-___-__-__----------_-----_- 49 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plate 1 in Pocket] PLATE 1. Geologic map and sections of area along the Colorado River between Lake Mead and Davis Dam, Arizona and Nevada. Page FIGURE 1. Index map showing location and relations of principal geographic features..____________-_-____---_------_--- E2 2. Columnar sections north and south of Lake Mead. __-_____________.__________-__--_-___-____-_------_--- 7 3. View westward on north side of Fortification Hill.__--______-__--_____________--__---_-____--__----_-_--- 8 4. Cliff of cemented gravels on south side of Eldorado Wash__. -______-___-_________________-__-_------------ 11 5. General relations among sedimentary units designated alluvium._______-__--_-_____-_-_____-_-_---_--_--- 12 6. View generally eastward, north of Davis Dam site__________________________________-________-__-_____--_ 13 7. Newberry's section through Elephant Hill______________________________________________________________ 15 8. Unconformity between Patsy Mine and Golden Door volcanics-________-____-_-_______-_________-----__--- 20 9. Airview southeastward across Hoover Dam_____________________________________________________________ 23 10. Three units of volcanic rocks north of Nelson.____-_______________-__-____-_---__-_--__-----__-__--__--- 25 11. Ratios in nine porphyritic volcanic glasses___-___--_---_-____-_-__-___-_____---_--_---_--_---_-_-------- 30 12. Scarp of Fortification fault-- ____-__-____-__--_--_-___________-__-_--__-__--__-----__--_____-__------- 36 13. Geologic section along line H-H' ______________________________________________________________________ 39 14. East-west fault north of Malpais Mesa_________________________________________________________________ 40 15. Fault zone in Precambrian rocks at Davis Dam_ ________________________________________________________ 42 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Sequence of Tertiary rocks near Lake Mead_--____--_-___-------------------»--------------------------- E10 2. Chemical analyses of 13 volcanic glasses-_________________--_____-___----------------------------------- 28 3. Bulk composition versus groundmass composition in 9 volcanic glasses___________________-__-___-__-_----_- 30 4. Volcanic rocks of Oatman district, Arizona________--___-_-_---_-_--------------------------------------- 32 5. Comparison of chemical compositions of two volcanic rocks_______________-______-____--_------_-----_---- 32 IV SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY RECONNAISSANCE GEOLOGY BETWEEN LAKE MEAD AND DAVIS DAM, ARIZONA-NEVADA By CHESTER R. LONGWELL ABSTRACT Between Hoover and Davis dams the Colorado River valley, River gravel beds of Pleistocene age were strongly deformed trending south-southeast, separates the Black Mountains on the near some faults. east from the Eldorado and Newberry Mountains on the west. Evidence now in hand establishes an order of events For more than 20 miles directly south of Lake Mead the river within the area but not an exact chronology. All the vol­ is deeply incised in Black Canyon; farther south the stream canic assemblages appear to be younger than the Horse course is in large part between wide alluviated slopes. Maxi­ Spring formation, which is tentatively dated as early Ter­ mum relief within the area is about 4,500 feet. tiary. A lead-alpha analysis on a sample of quartz mon- Thick Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations found in ranges zonite from a pluton intrusive into Golden Door volcanics north and west of Lake Mead are not present south of the gave an age of about 50 million years, suggesting that these lake except as fragmentary xenoliths within igneous bodies. volcanics and the older Patsy Mine volcanics are at least The principal bedrock units in a wide area bordering the as old as Eocene. Mount Davis volcanics grade upward Coloi-ado River consist of Precambrian gneiss, schist, and gra­ into sediments mapped as part of the Muddy Creek forma­ nitic rocks; volcanic rocks in four distinctive series, with in­ tion, now dated tentatively as Pliocene. The Colorado River, tercalated clastic sediments; and numerous plutonic bodies, as a through-flowing stream in its present course west of ranging in size from stocks to small dikes, diverse in compo­ the Plateau, originated later than the interior-basin condi­ sition and in texture. Some plutons, through which the oldest tions of Muddy Creek time. The river was temporarily lavas in the area were erupted, may be contemporaneous with impounded late in the Pleistocene epoch, as indicated by tuff beds in Cretaceous formations north of the lake. The numerous remnants of lake deposits that lie on and are Patsy Mine volcanics, oldest of the eruptive series, consist capped by river gravels. mainly of brown andesitic lavas and agglomerates with maxi­ mum thicknesses of several thousand feet. The second epi­ INTRODUCTION sode produced the more siliceous Golden Door volcanics, equally thick and widespread, containing abundant glass and light- PURPOSE AND METHOD OF PRESENT STUDY colored tuff. A third series, the Mount Davis volcanics, con­ The main body of Lake Mead, from Boulder Basin sists largely of basalt and dark andesite but at several hori­ zons includes conspicuous units of high-silica glass and purni- eastward, marks a general boundary between wide ceous tuff. Thick beds of extremely coarse sedimentary debris, areas characterized by very different bedrock. Ranges much of it derived from Precambrian bedrock, are interspersed directly north of this latitude reveal sedimentary for­ through the upper part of this volcanic formation. mations that total many thousand feet in thickness; The three older volcanic assemblages have been strongly tilted, and commonly they are discordant one on another. All south of the lake, volcanic, plutonic, and metamorphic have been cut by intrusive bodies. In the northern part of rocks are predominant at the surface, as has been the area the Muddy Creek formation, made up of clastic sedi­ known since Ives (1861) made his exploratory trip ments, saline beds, and thick basaltic lavas, is unconformable up the Colorado Eiver in 1857-58. Published maps on all older rock units. Still later igneous activity is recorded in local basaltic flows and dikes associated with weakly ce­ and reports dealing with the geology near the river mented slope gravels. south of the lake are based on rapid reconnaissance, The area holds a network of faults, some of large dis­ and therefore this wide region offers prospects of new placement and at least
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