G-012011-1E Geological Precambrian Timeline Midwest
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Tectonic Imbrication and Foredeep Development in the Penokean
Tectonic Imbrication and Foredeep Development in the Penokean Orogen, East-Central Minnesota An Interpretation Based on Regional Geophysics and the Results of Test-Drilling The Penokean Orogeny in Minnesota and Upper Michigan A Comparison of Structural Geology U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1904-C, D AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the cur rent-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Sur vey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated month ly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications of general in Books of the U.S. -
Stratographic Coloumn of Iowa
Iowa Stratographic Column November 4, 2013 QUATERNARY Holocene Series DeForest Formation Camp Creek Member Roberts Creek Member Turton Submember Mullenix Submember Gunder Formation Hatcher Submember Watkins Submember Corrington Formation Flack Formation Woden Formation West Okoboji Formation Pleistocene Series Wisconsinan Episode Peoria Formation Silt Facies Sand Facies Dows Formation Pilot Knob Member Lake Mills Member Morgan Member Alden Member Noah Creek Formation Sheldon Creek Formation Roxana/Pisgah Formation Illinoian Episode Loveland Formation Glasford Formation Kellerville Memeber Pre-Illinoian Wolf Creek Formation Hickory Hills Member Aurora Memeber Winthrop Memeber Alburnett Formation A glacial tills Lava Creek B Volcanic Ash B glacial tills Mesa Falls Volcanic Ash Huckleberry Ridge Volcanic Ash C glacial tills TERTIARY Salt & Pepper sands CRETACEOUS "Manson" Group "upper Colorado" Group Niobrara Formation Fort Benton ("lower Colorado ") Group Carlile Shale Greenhorn Limestone Graneros Shale Dakota Formation Woodbury Member Nishnabotna Member Windrow Formation Ostrander Member Iron Hill Member JURASSIC Fort Dodge Formation PENNSYLVANIAN (subsystem of Carboniferous System) Wabaunsee Group Wood Siding Formation Root Formation French Creek Shale Jim Creek Limestone Friedrich Shale Stotler Formation Grandhaven Limestone Dry Shale Dover Limestone Pillsbury Formation Nyman Coal Zeandale Formation Maple Hill Limestone Wamego Shale Tarkio Limestone Willard Shale Emporia Formation Elmont Limestone Harveyville Shale Reading Limestone Auburn -
A Field and Petrographic Study of the Freda
A FIELD AND PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE FREDA FORMATION ALONG THE MONTREAL RIVER, GOGEBIC COUNTY, MICHIGAN fey GORDON R. SMALE A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 1958 ProQuest Number: 10008738 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10008738 Published by ProQuest LLC (2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 A FIELD AND PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE FREDA FORMATION ALONG THE MONTREAL RIVER, GOGEBIC COUNTY, MICHIGAN •"by Gordon R „ Smal'e ABSTRACT The Montreal River provides a geographic boundary between Wisconsin and Michigan on the south shore of Lake Superior. A geologic study, both field and laboratory, was made of the 12,000 foot thickness of steeply dipping Freda for mation exposed along this river. The field study Includes mapping of sedimentary structures In an effort to determine the dominant current directions during deposition of the formation. Pebble and quartz grain orientation as well as heavy mineral and rock composition analyses were made In the laboratory to supplement the field work. -
Hydrogeology and Stratigraphy of the Dakota Formation in Northwest Iowa
WATER SUPPLY HYDROGEOLOGY AND J.A. MUNTER BULLETIN G.A. LUDVIGSON NUMBER 13 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE B.J. BUNKER 1983 DAKOTA FORMATION IN NORTHWEST IOWA Iowa Geological Survey Donald L. Koch State Geologist and Director 123 North Capitol Street Iowa City, Iowa 52242 IOWA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY BULLETIN NO. 13 1983 HYDROGEOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE DAKOTA FORMATION IN NORTHWEST IOWA J. A. Munter G. A. Ludvigson B. J. Bunker Iowa Geological Survey Iowa Geological Survey Donald L. Koch Director and State Geologist 123 North Capitol Street Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Foreword An assessment of the quantity and quality of water available from the Dakota (Sandstone) Formation 1n northwest Iowa is presented in this report. The as sessment was undertaken to provide quantitative information on the hydrology of the Dakota aquifer system to the Iowa Natural Resources Council for alloca tion of water for irrigation, largely as a consequence of the 1976-77 drought. Most area wells for domestic, livestock, and irrigation purposes only partial ly penetrated the Dakota Formation. Consequently, the long-term effects of significant increases in water withdrawals could not be assessed on the basis of existing wells. Acquisition of new data was based upon a drilling program designed to penetrate the entire sequence of Dakota sediments at key loca tions, after a thorough inventory and analysis of existing data. Definition of the distribution, thickness, and lateral and vertical changes in composition of the Dakota Formation has permitted the recognition of two mem bers. Additionally, Identification of the rock units that underlie the Dakota Formation has contributed greatly to our knowledge of the regional geology of northwest Iowa and the upper midwest. -
The State of Lake Superior in 2000
THE STATE OF LAKE SUPERIOR IN 2000 SPECIAL PUBLICATION 07-02 The Great Lakes Fishery Commission was established by the Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries between Canada and the United States, which was ratified on October 11, 1955. It was organized in April 1956 and assumed its duties as set forth in the Convention on July 1, 1956. The Commission has two major responsibilities: first, develop coordinated programs of research in the Great Lakes, and, on the basis of the findings, recommend measures which will permit the maximum sustained productivity of stocks of fish of common concern; second, formulate and implement a program to eradicate or minimize sea lamprey populations in the Great Lakes. The Commission is also required to publish or authorize the publication of scientific or other information obtained in the performance of its duties. In fulfillment of this requirement the Commission publishes the Technical Report Series, intended for peer-reviewed scientific literature; Special Publications, designed primarily for dissemination of reports produced by working committees of the Commission; and other (non-serial) publications. Technical Reports are most suitable for either interdisciplinary review and synthesis papers of general interest to Great Lakes fisheries researchers, managers, and administrators, or more narrowly focused material with special relevance to a single but important aspect of the Commission's program. Special Publications, being working documents, may evolve with the findings of and charges to a particular committee. Both publications follow the style of the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Sponsorship of Technical Reports or Special Publications does not necessarily imply that the findings or conclusions contained therein are endorsed by the Commission. -
Timeline of Natural History
Timeline of natural history This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and Life timeline Ice Ages biological events from the formation of the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes Earth to the arrival of modern humans. P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs Times are listed in millions of years, or Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda megaanni (Ma). -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ←Earliest animals o ←Earliest plants i Multicellular -1000 — c Contents life ←Sexual reproduction Dating of the Geologic record – P r The earliest Solar System -1500 — o t Precambrian Supereon – e r Eukaryotes Hadean Eon o -2000 — z o Archean Eon i Huron ian – c Eoarchean Era ←Oxygen crisis Paleoarchean Era -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Mesoarchean Era – Photosynthesis Neoarchean Era Pong ola Proterozoic Eon -3000 — A r Paleoproterozoic Era c – h Siderian Period e a Rhyacian Period -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen Orosirian Period Single-celled – life Statherian Period -4000 — ←Earliest life Mesoproterozoic Era H Calymmian Period a water – d e Ectasian Period a ←Earliest water Stenian Period -4500 — n ←Earth (−4540) (million years ago) Clickable Neoproterozoic Era ( Tonian Period Cryogenian Period Ediacaran Period Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Permian Period Mesozoic Era Triassic Period Jurassic Period Cretaceous Period Cenozoic Era Paleogene Period Neogene Period Quaternary Period Etymology of period names References See also External links Dating of the Geologic record The Geologic record is the strata (layers) of rock in the planet's crust and the science of geology is much concerned with the age and origin of all rocks to determine the history and formation of Earth and to understand the forces that have acted upon it. -
Opinions Concerning the Age of the Sioux Quartzite
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 2 Annual Issue Article 46 1894 Opinions Concerning the Age of the Sioux Quartzite Charles Rollin Keyes Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1894 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Keyes, Charles Rollin (1894) "Opinions Concerning the Age of the Sioux Quartzite," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 2(1), 218-222. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol2/iss1/46 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Keyes: Opinions Concerning the Age of the Sioux Quartzite 218 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. OPINIONS CONCERNING THE AGE OF THE SIOUX QUARTZITE. BY CHARLES ROLLIN KEYES. [Abstract.] The Sioux quartzite is a formation made up of hard, flinty beds, of considerable thickness and extent, which are exposed principally along the Sioux river, in southeastern Dakota, south western Minnesota and northwestern Iowa. It is of particular interest to Iowans, for the re~son it has been usually regarded as the most ancient geological formation occurring within the limits of the state-older than the lead-bearing rocks of north eastern Iowa, and older than the CamW-ian sandstones which lie at the base of the Mississippi bluffs in the extreme corner of the state. -
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Exploring the Texture of Ocean-Atmosphere Redox Evolution on the Early Earth Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9v96g1j5 Author Reinhard, Christopher Thomas Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Exploring the Texture of Ocean-Atmosphere Redox Evolution on the Early Earth A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geological Sciences by Christopher Thomas Reinhard September 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Timothy W. Lyons, Chairperson Dr. Gordon D. Love Dr. Nigel C. Hughes ! Copyright by Christopher Thomas Reinhard 2012 ! ! The Dissertation of Christopher Thomas Reinhard is approved: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ! ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It goes without saying (but I’ll say it anyway…) that things like this are never done in a vacuum. Not that I’ve invented cold fusion here, but it was quite a bit of work nonetheless and to say that my zest for the enterprise waned at times would be to put it euphemistically. As it happens, though, I’ve been fortunate enough to be surrounded these last years by an incredible group of people. To those that I consider scientific and professional mentors that have kept me interested, grounded, and challenged – most notably Tim Lyons, Rob Raiswell, Gordon Love, and Nigel Hughes – thank you for all that you do. I also owe Nigel and Mary Droser a particular debt of graditude for letting me flounder a bit my first year at UCR, being understanding and supportive, and encouraging me to start down the road to where I’ve ended up (for better or worse). -
Detrital Zircon Provenance and Lithofacies Associations Of
geosciences Article Detrital Zircon Provenance and Lithofacies Associations of Montmorillonitic Sands in the Maastrichtian Ripley Formation: Implications for Mississippi Embayment Paleodrainage Patterns and Paleogeography Jennifer N. Gifford 1,*, Elizabeth J. Vitale 1, Brian F. Platt 1 , David H. Malone 2 and Inoka H. Widanagamage 1 1 Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; [email protected] (E.J.V.); [email protected] (B.F.P.); [email protected] (I.H.W.) 2 Department of Geography, Geology, and the Environment, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: jngiff[email protected]; Tel.: +1-(662)-915-2079 Received: 17 January 2020; Accepted: 15 February 2020; Published: 22 February 2020 Abstract: We provide new detrital zircon evidence to support a Maastrichtian age for the establishment of the present-day Mississippi River drainage system. Fieldwork conducted in Pontotoc County,Mississippi, targeted two sites containing montmorillonitic sand in the Maastrichtian Ripley Formation. U-Pb detrital zircon (DZ) ages from these sands (n = 649) ranged from Mesoarchean (~2870 Ma) to Pennsylvanian (~305 Ma) and contained ~91% Appalachian-derived grains, including Appalachian–Ouachita, Gondwanan Terranes, and Grenville source terranes. Other minor source regions include the Mid-Continent Granite–Rhyolite Province, Yavapai–Mazatzal, Trans-Hudson/Penokean, and Superior. This indicates that sediment sourced from the Appalachian Foreland Basin (with very minor input from a northern or northwestern source) was being routed through the Mississippi Embayment (MSE) in the Maastrichtian. We recognize six lithofacies in the field areas interpreted as barrier island to shelf environments. Statistically significant differences between DZ populations and clay mineralogy from both sites indicate that two distinct fluvial systems emptied into a shared back-barrier setting, which experienced volcanic ash input. -
The Geology of the Middle Precambrian Rove Formation in Northeastern Minnesota
MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 5 P -7 Special Publication Series The Geology of the Middle Precambrian Rove Formation in northeastern Minnesota G. B. Morey UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS • 1969 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I THE GEOLOGY OF THE MIDDLE PRECAMBRIAN ROVE FORMATION IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA by G. B. Morey CONTENTS Page Abstract ........................................... 1 Introduction. 3 Location and scope of study. 3 Acknowledgements .. 3 Regional geology . 5 Structural geology . 8 Rock nomenclature . 8 Stratigraphy . .. 11 Introduction . .. 11 Nomenclature and correlation. .. 11 Type section . .. 11 Thickness . .. .. 14 Lower argillite unit. .. 16 Definition, distribution, and thickness. .. 16 Lithologic character . .. 16 Limestones. .. 17 Concretions. .. 17 Transition unit . .. 17 Definition, distribution, and thickness. .. 17 Lithologic character . .. 19 Thin-bedded graywacke unit . .. 19 Definition, distribution, and thickness. .. 19 Lithologic character. .. 20 Concretions ... .. 20 Sedimentary structures. .. 22 Internal bedding structures. .. 22 Structureless bedding . .. 23 Laminated bedding . .. 23 Graded bedding. .. 23 Cross-bedding . .. 25 Convolute bedding. .. 26 Internal bedding sequences . .. 26 Post-deposition soft sediment deformation structures. .. 27 Bed pull-aparts . .. 27 Clastic dikes . .. 27 Load pockets .. .. 28 Flame structures . .. 28 Overfolds . .. 28 Microfaults. .. 28 Ripple marks .................................. 28 Sole marks . .. 28 Groove casts . .. 30 Flute casts . -
A Community Effort Towards an Improved Geological Time Scale
A community effort towards an improved geological time scale 1 This manuscript is a preprint of a paper that was submitted for publication in Journal 2 of the Geological Society. Please note that the manuscript is now formally accepted 3 for publication in JGS and has the doi number: 4 5 https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-222 6 7 The final version of this manuscript will be available via the ‘Peer reviewed Publication 8 DOI’ link on the right-hand side of this webpage. Please feel free to contact any of the 9 authors. We welcome feedback on this community effort to produce a framework for 10 future rock record-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian geological timescale. 11 1 A community effort towards an improved geological time scale 12 Towards a new geological time scale: A template for improved rock-based subdivision of 13 pre-Cryogenian time 14 15 Graham A. Shields1*, Robin A. Strachan2, Susannah M. Porter3, Galen P. Halverson4, Francis A. 16 Macdonald3, Kenneth A. Plumb5, Carlos J. de Alvarenga6, Dhiraj M. Banerjee7, Andrey Bekker8, 17 Wouter Bleeker9, Alexander Brasier10, Partha P. Chakraborty7, Alan S. Collins11, Kent Condie12, 18 Kaushik Das13, Evans, D.A.D.14, Richard Ernst15, Anthony E. Fallick16, Hartwig Frimmel17, Reinhardt 19 Fuck6, Paul F. Hoffman18, Balz S. Kamber19, Anton Kuznetsov20, Ross Mitchell21, Daniel G. Poiré22, 20 Simon W. Poulton23, Robert Riding24, Mukund Sharma25, Craig Storey2, Eva Stueeken26, Rosalie 21 Tostevin27, Elizabeth Turner28, Shuhai Xiao29, Shuanhong Zhang30, Ying Zhou1, Maoyan Zhu31 22 23 1Department -
Restoration of Woodland Caribou to the Lake Superior Region
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers National Park Service 1994 Restoration of Woodland Caribou to the Lake Superior Region Peter J. P. Gogan Yellowstone National Park Jean Fitts Cochrane USFWS, Anchorage, AL Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Gogan, Peter J. P. and Cochrane, Jean Fitts, "Restoration of Woodland Caribou to the Lake Superior Region" (1994). U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers. 11. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlpark/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Park Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in U.S. National Park Service Publications and Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 9 Restoration of woodland caribou to the Lake Superior region PETER J. P. GOGAN AND JEAN FITTS COCHRANE Introduction Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) historically occupied the boreal forest zone across the North American continent. The distribution and abun dance of the species has declined in the past century. In particular, it has been extirpated from much of the southern limits of its historical range on both sides of the boundary between Canada and the United States (Bergerud 1974). Translocation of animals from extant populations may be used to reestablish populations in portions of the species' former range. Recently, wildlife biolo gists in Ontario have translocated woodland caribou to a number of sites in or adjacent to Lake Superior. While it is too soon to evaluate their long-term suc cess, these restoration efforts do provide useful insights into factors likely to influence the outcome of woodland caribou translocations elsewhere.