Ctenosaura Similis) on the on 5 May 2013 at 1406 H, We Observed an Adult Female Southwestern Coast of Florida

Home , Ctenosaura similis, Plestiodon inexpectatus

WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL15, N&O AMPHIBIANS4 • DEC 2008 189 • 21(2):69–70 • JUN 2014

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES The . NonnativeChasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi ) inBlack Wisconsin: Spiny-tailed Iguana, On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: CtenosauraA Hypothetical Excursion ...... similis Gray 1831 (Squamata:Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCHIguanidae), ARTICLES Preying upon the . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida Native ...... SoutheasternBrian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin Five-lined M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael GranatoskySkink, 212

CONSERVATION ALERT Plestiodon. World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... inexpectatus Taylor 1932 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 (Squamata:. The “Dow Jones Index” of BiodiversityScincidae), ...... in Southern Florida 225 HUSBANDRY 1 2 . Captive Care of the Central Netted DragonKenneth ...... L. Krysko and Smith B. Juan Shannon Plummer 226

1 PROFILEFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA ([email protected]) 2 . Kraig Adler:16455 A Lifetime NE 32ndPromoting Avenue, Herpetology North ...... Miami Beach, Florida 33160, USA ([email protected]) Michael L. Treglia 234

COMMENTARY Photographs by Smith B. Juan. . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ...... Eric Gangloff 238

BOOK REVIEW . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, he Black Spiny-tailedR. Berridge, Iguana, P. Ramani, Ctenosaura and B.E. Young similis ...... Gray tus. Photographs of this event Robert werePowell deposited243 (photographic T1831 (Squamata: Iguanidae), is native to many areas in vouchers UF 170501) in the Division of Herpetology, Florida North and Central America,CONSERVATION from RESEARCHMexico south REPORTS: to Panama Summaries of PublishedMuseum Conservation of ResearchNatural Reports History, ...... University 245 of Florida.  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 (Traveset 1990). This NEWBRIEFS species ...... has been introduced to vari- 248 ous Caribbean islands, EDITORIAL as well INFORMATIONas Florida, USA ...... (Krysko et al. Acknowledgments 251 2003, Kraus 2009). FOCUSCtenosaura ON CONSERVATION similis illustrates: A Project an You ontoge Can Support- ...... We thank Robert Powell and an anonymous 252 reviewer for netic diet shift; juveniles are primarily carnivorous and adults helpful comments on this paper. are herbivorous (Montanucci 1968, Fitch and Henderson 1978, Lee 2000, Krysko et al. 2009). The diet of this invasive Literature Cited Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Avery,Back M.L., Cover. E.A. MichaelTillman, Kern and K.L. Krysko. 2009. Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher species on Gasparilla Island, CharlotteTotat andet velleseque Lee counties, audant mo and TotatTortoise), et velleseque Ctenosaura audant mo similis (Gray’s Spiny-tailed Iguana). Predation. Key Biscayne, Miami-Dade County,estibus Florida, inveliquo includes velique rerchil mostly estibusHerpetological inveliquo velique Review rerchil 40:435. vegetation, but two vertebrates (nativeerspienimus, Gopher quos accullabo. Tortoise, Ilibus erspienimus,Fitch, H.S. quos and accullabo. R.W. Henderson. Ilibus 1978. Ecology and exploitation of Ctenosaura aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolorsimilis apicto. University invere pe of dolum Kansas Science Bulletin 51:483–500. Gopherus polyphemus, and nonnativefugiatis Bark maionsequat Anole, eumqueAnolis disti- fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur Kraus,moditia F.erere 2009. nonsedis Alien ma Reptiles sectia- and Amphibians, a Scientific Compendium, and chus) have been documented (Averyma et derrovitae al. 2009, voluptam, Krysko as quos et al. tur Analysisma derrovitae. Invading voluptam, Nature: as Springer Series in Invasion Biology 4. Springer, 2009, Stroud and Krysko in press).accullabo. Herein, we augment our Dordrecht, The Netherlands. knowledge regarding the diet of C. similis on Key Biscayne to Krysko, K.L., K.M. Enge, E.M. Donlan, E.A. Golden, J.P. Burgess, and K.W. Larson. 2010. The non-marine herpetofauna of Key Biscayne, Florida. include the native Southeastern Five-lined Skink, Plestiodon Herpetological Conservation and Biology 5:132–142. inexpectatus Taylor 1932 (Squamata: Scincidae), the only Krysko, K.L., F.W. King, K.M. Enge, and A.T. Reppas. 2003. Distribution skink documented on Key Biscayne (Krysko et al. 2010). of the Introduced Black Spiny-tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura similis) on the On 5 May 2013 at 1406 h, we observed an adult female Southwestern Coast of Florida. Florida Scientist 66:74–79. Krysko, K.L., K.W. Larson, D. Diep, E. Abellana, and E.R. McKercher. 2009. Diet Ctenosaura similis (Fig. 1) in leaf litter along a trail at Bill Baggs of the nonindigenous Black Spiny-tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura similis (Gray State Park, Key Biscayne (25.674795oN, 80.161332oW, 1831)(Sauria: Iguanidae) in southern Florida. Florida Scientist 72:48–58. WGS84). This C. similis was thrashing around and had an Lee, J.C. 2000. A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Maya World: The Lowlands of Mexico, Northern Guatemala, and Belize. Comstock Publishing adult male Plestiodon inexpectatus in its mouth and quickly Associates, New York. swallowed it in ca. 1 min. After consuming the skink, within Montanucci, R.R. 1968. Comparative dentition in four iguanid lizards. Herpetologica ca. 20 sec the C. similis picked up and consumed the skink’s 24:305–315. tail that must have been broken off in the process of preying Stroud, J.T. and K.L. Krysko. Ctenosaura similis (Gray’s Spiny-tailed Iguana). Non- native diet. Herpetological Review 44:322. upon the main body of the smaller lizard. This is the first Traveset, A. 1990. Ctenosaura similis Gray (Iguanidae) as a seed disperser in a Central documentation of C. similis consuming Plestiodon inexpecta- American deciduous forest. American Midland Naturalist 123:402–404. Copyright © 2014. Kenneth L. Krysko. All rights reserved. 69 KRY SKO A ND JUA N IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 21(2):69–70 • JUN 2014

Fig. 1. Adult female nonnative Black Spiny-tailed Iguana (Ctenosaura similis) with captured native Southeastern Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon inexpectatus) at Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, Miami-Dade County, Florida. A. The iguana has captured the skink. B. Consuming the skink. C. Swallowing the skink. D. Noticing tail movement on the ground. E. Picking up the tail. F. Swallowing the tail.