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Where Do We Get Our Water? the Role of Governance in Shaping Water Policy

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Where Do We Get Our Water? the Role of Governance in Shaping Water Policy Where Do We Get Our Water? The Role of Governance in Shaping Water Policy Drinking Water Policy in California 2015 Environmental and Occupational Health Technical Syypmposium “Whiskey is for drinking and Water is for fighting.” Unknown Water • Is water free? • Hhit?How much is water? • Where does it come from? • Is it unlimited…renewable? Commodity Costs per Gallon $8.00 $7.00 $6.00 $5.00 $4.00 $3.00 $2.00 $1.00 $0.00 LADWP Costco 7‐Eleven Gas Milk Life With and Without Water Keyyggppy Points Regarding Water Supply Earth’ s Water 97.5% Sea Water 2.5% Fresh Water 30% Groundwater 1% Surface Water 69% Frozen Water California’s Primary Water Supply Sources . Surface Water . Groundwater . Other* Lake Oroville 2011 vs. 2014 California Water Supply Statistics • Surface Water – 70% Normal/Wet Years – 40% Dry Years • Groundwater – 30%/% Normal/Wet Years – 60% Dry Years • Recycled Water – <1% California Water Use Statistics • Old DWR Method – 80% Agriculture – 20% Urban • New DWR Method – 40% Agriculture – 10% Urban – 50% Environment • Somewhere in between? Six Main California Surface Water SliSupplies . Central Valley Project . Colorado River Aqueduct . Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct . Los Angeles Aqueduct . Mokelumne Aqueduct . State Water Project Central Valley Project . Begins with Shasta Lake serving water to the Central Valley . Operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Hetch Hetchy & Mokelumne AdtAqueducts . Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct . Begins in the Yosemite National Park area serving customers in the Bay area . Operated by SF Public Utilities Commision . Mokelumne Aqueduct . Begins in the Sierra Nevada Mountain foothills serving customers in the Bay area . Operated by EBMUD State Water Project • Operated by CA Department of Water Resources • Approximately 600 miles of canals, piliipelines, s torage s truc tures, & pumps • Provides water to >2/3 of Californians •Originates from tributaries feed Oroville Lake and carries water south to the San Diego area • 29 Member Agencies Colorado River Aqueduct • Operated by MWD • Begins at Lake Havasu, providing water to areas of Riverside , Coachella Valley, Los Angeles, and San Diego Los Angeles Aqueduct • OtdbLADWPOperated by LADWP • Brings water from Owen’s Valley to residents of L. A. • Water flows by gravity for approximately 420 feet • Lawsuit in the 80s forced LADWP to return water flows to Mono Lake Local Groundwater Supply . Aquifers – water-bearing deposits of unconsolidated and semi-consolidated marine and alluvial sediments identified byyg geolo gic time . Unconfined Aquifers . Alluvium – coarse-gggrained unsorted gravel and sand . Confined Aquifers . Saugus Formation – poorly consolidated conglomerates, silts, sand, and clay Unconfined vs. Confined Aquifer Other Sources of Supply • Groundwater Banking • Water Transfers • RldWtRecycled Water • Groundwater Recharge • Desalination Ground Water Banking . Recharging a localized aquifer for the purpose of establishing water “accounts” typicall y for lon g-term insurance purposes. Water Transfers • Temporary, long-term, or permanent transfer of the rights to use water in exchange for compensation. • Helps address temporary drought conditions and helps to accommodate longer-term changes in patterns of demand. Recycled Water Supply . Tertiary treated wastewater used solely for irrigation. Iden tifie d bliiby purple piping and/or labeling. In CA ~1/2 million AF is recyyycled annually Groundwater Recharge • Highly treated wastewater used to recharge groundwater aquifers • Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System is the worlds largest advanced water purification system for potable reuse Indirect vs . Direct vs . Incidental • Indirect Reuse – Pumping treated wastewater in to an area for groundwater recharge • Direct Reuse – Taking highly treated wastewater and sending it into a potable supply system – Advisoryyy Committee and Research Underway • Incidental Recharge – Discharge of treated wastewater into natural waterways leading to groundwater recharge OC GW Replenishment System • Funded by OC Water District, OC Sanitation District, Federal and State Grants • Operational costs paid for by OCWD and MWD Subsidies • Tota l cost for b bhhoth phases $622.7m. • Pro duces ~ 100 MGD for ~600,000 residents Desalination • Removal of dissolved salts from water • Saudi Arabia operates the largest plant in the world • Carlsbad Desalination Project will be the larges tlt plan tithUSt in the U.S. • What about the salts? Carlsbad Desalination Project • 12 years of planning • 6 years of permitting • Sc he du le d to de liver wa ter to S. D. by 2016 • 50 MGD • 10 mile pipeline What are the costs of each source? • Groundwater – pumping and disinfection • Surface Water – aquiring, treatment and pumping • Desalination – treatment and pumping • Groundwater Recharge – treatment and pumping Cost of Water • State Water Project - $800 - $1000 / AF • Groundwater - $100 / AF • GdtRhGroundwater Recharge - $478 - $887 / AF • Desalination - $2000 - $2500 / AF Regulatory Framework MCLG CWA Governance Regulations SDWA CWA Water Code Regulatory Agencies Supply Contractors Local Agencies USEPA Bureau of Reclamation Water Retailers DWR EBMUD City Departments SWRCB SF PUC County Departments DDW LADWP Other Stakeholders RWQCB MWD (& member CPUC agencies) Environmental Groups Business Community Integrated Regional Water Management • Collaborative effort managing all aspects of water resources in a region • Includes multiple agencies, stakeholders, individuals, and groups • Attemp ts to iden tify mu tua lly bene fic ia l solutions • IRWM Grant Program .
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