Human Beings: Socio-economics :
eings
economics -
Baseline categorisation methodology Baseline categorisation Introduction Study area Baseline data criteria Baseline categorisation environment the existing of Description area Primary study summary area Primary study area Secondary study Do minimum scenario Introduction B uman ocio 11.2 11.2.1 11.2.2 11.2.3 11.2.4 11.3 11.3.1 11.3.2 11.3.3 11.4 H S 11.1 11 Human Beings: Socio-economics Page 171
y categorisation aseline
11.2 B 11.2 methodolog Introduction 11.2.1 Guidelines on the the EPA‘s to According be contained in Environmental to Information economic activity, (2002), Statements Impact be should and employment social patterns Assessment Impact assessed in the Environmental This ‘Human Beings’: (EIA) under the heading of these issues. all of addresses chapter Study area 11.2.2 will be felt scheme the proposed of The impacts will have scheme The proposed a wide area. over In order scale. and regional on a local impacts it is impacts and macro the micro examine to areas. study separate consider two necessary to is defined this chapter for area The primary study crossed are Divisions (EDs) that the Electoral by or contained within a 500mby either side corridor An ED is the smallest alignment. the proposed of statistics population which for area administrative (CSO). Office Statistics the Central published by are
(2005 – 2011); (2005 – 2011); (2005 - 2011). Fingal County Council Development Plan Fingal County Council Development Dublin City Council Development Plan Dublin City Council Development Regional Planning Guidelines for the Planning Guidelines for Regional National Development Plan 2007 – 2013; Plan 2007 – 2013; Development National Social Inclusion Plan for Action National 2007-2016: Building an Inclusive Society (NAP); Society an Inclusive Building 2007-2016: Greater Dublin Area, 2004 (RPGGDA); Dublin Area, Greater The findings of this review are detailed in in detailed are review of this The findings Planning and Policy Context chapter of this EIS of chapter Context Planning and Policy 4). Chapter 1, (Volume - - - - - This chapter describes and evaluates the existing existing the describes and evaluates This chapter the of in the area socio-economic environment scheme. proposed relevant of a review this chapter, preparing Prior to undertaken was documents planning and policy to relating objectives relevant identify to in order human affecting the socio-economic environment task This scheme. proposed the of area the in beings documents: policy following the of review a included 11.1 Introduction 11.1 This chapter of the EIS has been prepared in in prepared been has EIS the of chapter This significantly affected by the proposed scheme. scheme. proposed the by affected significantly to respect with requirement this fulfil to order beings. human affecting factors socio-economic aspects of the environment that are likely to be be to likely are that environment the of aspects statement must contain a description of the the of a description contain must statement 2001 specifies that an environmental impact impact environmental an that specifies 2001 Section 39(2)(b) of the Railway Infrastructure Act, Act, Infrastructure Railway the of 39(2)(b) Section
Ballymun; O’Connell Street; NorthCity; Inner East (HARP). Project Rejuvenation Area Historic - - - - For each RAPID area a plan is prepared outlining outlining prepared a plan is area RAPID each For Resources the programme. of the implementation via investment targeted through provided are National the of Inclusion Measures the Social Plan Development areas. 46 RAPID of a total are there In Ireland within or contained by crossed RAPID areas All the 500m in this chapter. noted are area study Scheme Urban Renewal 11.2.4.2 were Plans (IAPs) Area Integrated In 1998, with in accordance authorities local by prepared These plans detailed 1998. Act the Urban Renewal on and concentrated specific areas for objectives educational and employment cultural, communities’ a new launched 1999 the Government In needs. While based on the IAPs. Scheme Urban Renewal tax incentives, on residential phase one focused and industrial commercial to applied phase two to approach a targeted used The scheme incentives. development physical encourage to urban renewal The incentives socio-economic issues. tackle and to granted were and specific sites to applied provided contribute deemed to was if the development only community gain within the of element some to areas the following area Within the study area. IAP as areas and designated IAPs by covered were of urban renewal: of 11.2.4.3 DEIS 11.2.4.3 and Science’s The Department Education of Equality ‘Delivering social inclusion programme, provide aims to (DEIS), Opportunityof in Schools’ in the schools disadvantaged the most support to is the DEIS programme The purpose of country. to approach strategic an integrated, develop to and children needs of the educational addressing communities. disadvantaged from people young schools, 16 primary and 3 post-primary Overall, within located are included in the DEIS programme, 500m the alignment. of
Education data. Education Demographic data; Demographic data; profile Age data; (employment) status Economic data; employment Industry data; Social classification transport data; Mode of data; Car ownership of public services; public services; of Facilitating opportunities for communities to communities to opportunities for Facilitating Increasing the investment made the investment Increasing the delivery and coordinating Integrating contribute towards strategic improvements. strategic towards contribute by Government departments; Government by 11.2.4 Baseline categorisation criteria Baseline categorisation 11.2.4 in this is provided Baseline socio-economic data describe a socio-economic to in order chapter the study to with respect and background context the baseline environment of Categorisation area. values’ ‘functional overall of the allocation involves The baseline area. within the study areas to data based on the census is not categorisation but is based on current policy-based designations designations policy-based but is based on current the of the nature Due to schemes. and other all areas socio-economic environment, existing high. Very value of a functional attributed are RAPID areas 11.2.4.1 Investment Planning, by Areas RAPID (Revitalising by is led that is an initiative and Development) and Rural the Department Community, of the into investment focus to Affairs Gaeltacht in disadvantage of areas concentrated most the quality improve Its purpose is to the country. of life and the opportunities available to residents residents to and the opportunities available life of The communities. disadvantaged the most of RAPID include: aims of ------The secondary study area comprises the lands the comprises area study The secondary which in authorities local the two to belonging Fingal County i.e. is located scheme the proposed The socio- Dublin City Council. Council and primary and the of characteristics economic statistics to compared are areas study secondary the of (comprising Dublin Area the Greater for Kildare, Dublin and also County of authorities local and the State. and Wicklow) Meath 11.2.3 Baseline data 11.2.3 is this chapter compile used to The baseline data (CSO, Ireland’ of Population of ‘Census the from taken data: This census includes the following 2006).
Chapter 11 Page 172 Human Beings: Socio-economics Page 173 Figure 11.1 Area Area 11.1 Figure MN101 EDs
Lusk; Lusk; Lissenhall; Swords Donabate; Seatown; Swords Village. Swords the area of these EDs is in Area MN101. There are are There MN101. these EDs is in Area of the area and Schemes no Urban Renewal no RAPID areas, MN101. within Area located no DEIS schools the EDs for available socio-economic data Relevant tables. following in the is shown in this area - - - - - Village and Swords Seatown Swords Parts of are they MN102 but within Area located EDs are the majority of because described in this area 11.3.1.1 Area MN101: Belinstown to Swords Stop Swords to Belinstown MN101: Area 11.3.1.1 EDs: the following MN101 contains Area
the
11.3.1 Primary study area Primary study 11.3.1 or wholly as being partially identified 40 EDs are (as described area primary study within the the socio- of The evaluation 11.2.2). in Section an assessment includes economic environment and age changes (population demographics of status, economic and employment profiles), and information transport, to relating statistics and education. schooling of levels regarding is set these parameters of each for data Relevant areas. out in the following environment existing of Description 11.3 State State 8.2 31.7 11.0 21.9 14.9 20.4
3,917,203 4,239,848 Greater Dublin Area Dublin Greater 9.7 8.3 20.7 19.6 15.6 34.4
1,662,536 1,535,446 Fingal 6.0 37.7 22.1 19.4 22.2 14.9
196,413 239,992 Swords Village Swords 17.7 -2.3
23.5 14.2 34.4 10.3
2,572 2,514 Swords Seatown Swords 3.7 37.9 25.7
18.4 14.4 20.6
4,919 5,934 Over the inter-census period the population of of period the population the inter-census Over significantly, MN101 increased EDs within Area The area. the entire over 34.9% increase of average by increased Dublin Area the Greater of populations the same period. over 8.3% and 8.2% respectively the of population the expanding This illustrates Dublin further and further from areas into GDA, age a young quite MN101 have EDs in Area Most has relatively Village Swords However, structure. 45-64 and 65+. aged people of higher proportion structure age older has a much This ED therefore MN101. Area EDs in than the other Donabate 6.4 9.8
17.6 39.7 23.8 26.5
7,600 6,141 Swords Lissenhall Swords 2.8 47.5
15.0 12.5 49.2 22.2
6,081 9,072 Lusk 5.2 22.1 13.1 43.1 16.5 70.6 7,048 4,131 Population 2006 Population Change Percentage ‘02-’06 Demographics 2002 Population Percentage of of Percentage aged population 45-64 of Percentage 65+ aged population There have been substantial changes in the changes been substantial have There the period 2002- MN101 over Area of population by Lusk has grown of the population While 2006. decline a population saw Village Swords 70.6%, Area the EDs of of the population In total 2.3%. of in 23,844 32,168 in 2002 to from MN101 has grown age populated most MN101 the two In Area 2006. and the 0-14 the 25-44 category are age categories is the category populated The least category. age has the lowest Donabate category. age 65 or older all EDs in of 15-24 aged population of proportion (9.8%). area the study Area MN101 Area Table 11.1 Demographic Data for Area MN101 Area for Data Demographic 11.1 Table Age Profile Age of Percentage 0-14 aged population of Percentage 15-24 aged population Percentage of of Percentage aged population 25-44
Chapter 11 Page 174
Human Beings: Socio-economics Page 175 State 7.1 5.2 4.6 5.3 5.5 27.1 11.1 57.2 21.9 16.5 16.3 62.5 32.9 45.2 13.6
2,109,498 3,375,399
Area Greater Dublin Dublin Greater 7.0 1.5 6.7 5.9 8.8 5.4 17.6 33.1 15.7 10.7 22.0 59.9 65.3 35.8 42.3 873,009
1,336,588 Fingal 6.1 8.1 1.2 6.3 5.4 9.4 14.9 15.8 64.6 69.9 38.2 42.2 19.6 33.9 10.5
187,018 130,816 Swords Village Swords 1.7 4.8 6.6 6.8 9.9 5.3 51.1
11.0 61.4 11.5 66.7 19.4 26.5 22.5 34.9
2,158 1,440 Swords Seatown Swords 6.1 5.7 3.0 9.8 3.3 0.5 37.6
71.4 11.2 46.7 13.7 39.7 12.8 16.3 68.4
3,148 4,408 Donabate 4.0 6.9 8.5 4.8 6.3 0.9
31.0 10.7 19.3 15.5 64.4 68.5 36.5 20.2 44.2
5,585 3,823 Swords Lissenhall Swords 7.6 1.2 5.0 9.4 5.9 5.9 37.4 33.1
11.3 11.5 46.0 16.6 72.3 78.2 20.8
7,059 5,521 Lusk 7.0 5.0 9.2 9.9 2.9 4.6 37.1 11.7 70.1 31.4 74.7 13.0 14.9 18.6 44.4 4,103 5,493
(persons aged 15 15 aged (persons over) and years Area MN101 Area status Economic working Total population Table 11.2 Economic and Employment Data for Area MN101 Area for Data and Employment Economic 11.2 Table Professional services Professional Other classification Social Percentage and professional technical Building and and Building construction Manufacturing industries as percentage of of percentage as force) labour Percentage at work at Percentage looking Percentage or job first for unemployed given or lost (having job) previous up Force Labour Force Labour Rate Participation Rates Unemployment (unemployed industry by work at persons of Percentage forestry Agriculture, fishing and Percentage non- Percentage and skilled manual, semi-skilled unskilled Percentage occupations other and Commerce and trade and Commerce Transport and and Transport communications Public administration Public State
8.7
57.0 31.7 19.7 38.6 32.9
Area Greater Dublin Dublin Greater 7.6
39.1 41.0 31.4 22.0 50.3 Fingal 7.9
37.5 40.7 38.5 53.9 13.9 Swords Village Swords
4.5
44.0 53.9 38.8 28.6 22.9
Seatown Swords Swords 9.3 6.5 37.3 34.8 59.8 46.9
The majority of the population of Area MN101 MN101 Area of population the of The majority technical and the professional either to belong or the non-manual, classification employment classification. employment and semi-skilled skilled percentage has the highest Seatown Swords and technical professional of population of MN101. in Area classification employment its of a high proportion also has Donabate technical. and classified as professional population a large is there that EDs show two these Together EDs in the population and technical professional Village Swords and Donabate. Seatown Swords of non- of population of percentage has the highest employment semi-skilled and skilled manual, and the highest (51.1%) in this area classification and other unskilled of population percentage (22.5%). classification employment Donabate 6.2
51.1 41.6 39.0 12.6 42.2
Lissenhall Swords Swords
31.9 59.7 39.7 10.0 14.8 35.4 Lusk 8.0 8.9 57.9 32.8 38.9 44.2
Area MN101 has one of the lowest percentages percentages the lowest MN101 has one of Area or school work, transport to non-car modes of of to Lissenhall in Swords 31.9% from ranging college, has a relatively It therefore Village. 53.9% in Swords transport motorised private of high percentage The 59.8%). (38.8% to and college school work, to on reliant heavily are Village Swords of population It has the highest transport. non private-motorised with no car in Area households of proportion averages, and State with GDA Compared MN101. considerably have MN101 generally Area the EDs of households of percentage higher than average cars. with two Area MN101 has a relatively high proportion proportion high has a relatively MN101 Area with a 72.3%) to (61.4% work at population of their for looking people of percentage low relatively Swords to 5.9%). (3.0% job or unemployed first population of percentage lowest has the Village has the It thus work. at and over 15 years aged MN101. in Area unemployment of rate highest of proportion the highest has Lissenhall Swords with Compared MN101. in Area work at population Area averages, State the and Area Dublin Greater the employment. of rate high relatively a has MN101 the employs and trade commerce of The industry population the working of percentage highest the working of High percentages in this area. in the professional also employed are population and communications services and transport State and with the GDA Compared industries. proportion average has above this area averages, and transport and trade in commerce working than average with lower and communications services. in the professional working percentages (by foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus) train, tram, bicycle, foot, (by Percentage non private-motorised transport transport private-motorised non Percentage aged 5 or over to work, school or college or school work, to over or 5 aged Mode of transport for persons persons for transport of Mode Area MN101 Area Table 11.3 Transport Data for Area MN101 Area for Data Transport 11.3 Table Percentage private-motorised transport transport private-motorised Percentage motorcycle) (car, Percentage of households with no car no with households of Percentage Car Ownership Car Percentage of households with one car one with households of Percentage Chapter 11 cars two with households of Percentage three with households of Percentage cars more or Page 176 State Page 177 4.1
3.0 3.0 2.6 5.8 5.6 4.6 3.4 3.2 8.2 0.6 0.5
17.5 20.1 19.6 10.6 12.4
Area Greater Dublin Dublin Greater 7.5 3.1 5.1
3.7 0.7 2.9 5.3 4.4 4.4 4.9 8.6 0.5
17.5 10.7 19.3 14.9 13.5 Fingal 7.8 8.1 4.1
3.4 3.3 5.3 9.8 4.8 4.3 4.5 5.4 0.4 0.6
22.1 12.8 16.2 13.2 Swords Village Swords 7.1 7.3
2.7 3.0 3.0 6.2 6.4 2.4 3.3 6.5 0.6 0.5
10.4 13.4 20.3 13.8 20.8
Seatown Swords Swords 4.1 6.1
8.7 3.7 3.3 5.2 3.8 4.5 5.2 4.9 8.3 0.2 0.5
14.1 12.1 26.0 13.4 Donabate 8.1 3.1 9.1
0.7 3.4 5.3 9.8 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.3 3.3 4.2 5.8
15.0 14.8 20.3
Lissenhall Swords Swords 7.4 6.1
3.0 4.0 8.8 4.4 5.8 6.2 5.4 4.3 3.6 0.3 0.4
23.1 15.4 15.2 13.4 Lusk 5.1 2.7 4.0 6.0 8.2 2.6 6.3 4.2 2.8 3.5 0.4 0.3 11.1 21.6 11.6 16.7 14.8
Non-degree Primary degree qualification Professional status) (degree Upper secondary and Upper or vocational technical Technical or vocational qualification or vocational Technical Upper secondary Upper Lower secondary Lower Primary education Within Area MN101 the percentage of population population of percentage the MN101 Area Within not has education whose over and years 15 aged ED only The averages. State and GDA below is ceased years 15 aged population of has a percentage that ceased higher has not whose education and over Village. is Swords averages and State than the GDA Village Swords MN101, within Area that This shows 15 years aged students of number has the highest a who attained people of The proportion or older. is higher than or primary degree non-degree of level has a Village Swords averages. and State the GDA that its population of higher proportion relatively secondary education. a lower have only Not stated Not Percentage of persons aged 15 years and over and over 15 years aged persons of Percentage attained has ceased and level education whose full-time education No formal Doctorate (PhD) Doctorate Post-graduate certificate or diploma certificate Post-graduate (masters) degree Post-graduate Percentage of population aged 15 years 15 years aged population of Percentage institution educational other at and over population of percentage Total whose over and 15 years aged education has not ceased has not education Both degree and degree Both qualification professional Education levels Education 15 years aged population of Percentage or university school at and over Area MN101 Area Table 11.4 Education Data for Area MN101 Area for Data Education 11.4 Table
Chapter 11 Parts of both of these EDs are also located in 11.3.1.2 Area MN102: Swords Stop Area MN103 but they are described in this area to Dublin Airport north portal because the majority of the area of these EDs is in Area MN102. There are no RAPID areas, no Urban Area MN102 contains the following EDs: Renewal Schemes and no DEIS schools located - Kinsaley; within Area MN102. - Swords Forest. Relevant socio-economic data available for the EDs in this area is shown in the following tables.
Figure 11.2 Area MN102 EDs
Table 11.5 Demographic Data for Area MN102
Area MN102 Kinsaley Swords Forest Fingal Greater Dublin Area State
Demographics Population 2002 3,528 9,797 196,413 1,535,446 3,917,203 Population 2006 5,526 12,443 239,992 1,662,536 4,239,848 Percentage Change ‘02-’06 56.6 27.0 22.2 8.3 8.2
Age Profile Percentage of population aged 0-14 18.8 21.6 22.1 19.6 20.4 Percentage of population aged 15-24 12.9 17.0 14.9 15.6 14.9
Page 178 Percentage of population aged 25-44 47.2 41.6 37.7 34.4 31.7 Percentage of population aged 45-64 15.1 17.6 19.4 20.7 21.9 Percentage of population aged 65+ 5.9 2.2 6.0 9.7 11.0
Human Beings: Socio-economics Page 179 State 7.1 5.3 4.6 5.5 5.2 27.1 11.1 57.2 21.9 62.5 13.6 16.3 16.5 32.9 45.2
2,109,498 3,375,399
Area
Greater Dublin Greater 7.0 1.5 6.7 5.4 8.8 5.9 17.6 33.1 15.7 10.7 22.0 59.9 65.3 35.8 42.3 873,009
1,336,588 Fingal 6.1 8.1 1.2 5.4 6.3 9.4 64.6 69.9 33.9 14.9 15.8 38.2 19.6 42.2 10.5
187,018 130,816 Swords Forest Swords 7.6 4.7 5.0 6.3 0.5
77.9 10.1 51.4 14.7 33.7 72.9 33.6 12.4 14.8 14.9
7,596 9,753 Kinsaley 7.5 3.2 3.6 8.9 5.5 0.8 37.4 71.6 74.8 14.4 15.2 42.9 16.9 10.4 40.2 3,357 4,487 These two EDs are significant for their extremely extremely for their significant EDs are two These While 25-44. aged population of proportions high with is comparable 0-14 aged the population it will that likely it is very averages, and State GDA as years, the coming over significantly increase Over families. raise 25-44 bracket those in the age EDs of population period the the inter-census average significantly, increased MN102 within Area A vast area. the entire over 34.9% increase of over housing has been built in the area amount of the Greater of The populations years. few the past and 8.3% by increased and the State Dublin Area the same period. over 8.2% respectively
Labour Force Labour Rate Participation Force Labour Percentage at work at Percentage unemployed or job first for looking Percentage job) previous up given or lost (having (unemployed Rates Unemployment force) labour of percentage as industry by work at persons of Percentage fishing and forestry Agriculture, construction and Building Area MN102 Area status Economic population working Total over) and years 15 aged (persons Table 11.6 Economic and Employment Data for Area MN102 Area for Data and Employment Economic 11.6 Table industries Manufacturing trade and Commerce administration Public services Professional classification Social technical and professional Percentage In total, the population of the EDs of Area MN102 MN102 Area the EDs of of population the In total, in 2006. 17,969 to 13,325 in 2002 from has grown age populated most the two MN102 In Area 0-14 age and 25-44 category age are categories is the 65 category age populated least The category. has the lowest Forest Swords category. age or older all EDs in of category age or older 65 of percentage area. the study There has been a substantial change in the in change been a substantial has There 2002- the period over MN102 Area of population 56.6% by has grown population Kinsaley’s 2006. 27.0%. by grew population Forest’s and Swords Transport and communications and Transport Other semi-skilled and skilled non-manual, Percentage occupations other and unskilled Percentage Chapter 11 Area MN102 has a relatively high proportion The majority of the working population of Area of population at work (71.6% in Kinsaley and MN102 belong to the non-manual, skilled and 72.9% in Swords Forest). Consequently, it has low semi-skilled employment classification. Kinsaley percentages of people looking for their first jobs or ED has a higher proportion of professional and unemployed (3.2% in Kinsaley and 5.0% in Swords technical employment classification (42.9%) Forest). Compared with the Greater Dublin Area and and a higher proportion of unskilled and other the State averages, Area MN102 has a considerably employment classification (16.9%). Swords Forest lower rate of unemployment. the highest proportion of population classified as non-manual, skilled and semi-skilled of all the EDs The industry of commerce and trade employs the in the study area (51.4%). highest percentage of the working population in this area. High percentages of the working population are also employed in the professional services and transport and communications industries. Compared with the GDA and State averages, this area has above average proportion working in commerce and trade, and transport and communications with lower than average percentages working in the professional services.
Table 11.7 Transport Data for Area MN102
Area MN102 Kinsaley Forest Swords Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Mode of transport for persons aged 5 or over to work, school or college Percentage non private-motorised transport (by 29.5 37.9 38.5 41.0 31.7 foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus) Percentage private-motorised transport (car, 63.8 56.1 53.9 50.3 57.0 motorcycle)
Car Ownership Percentage of households with no car 8.6 11.7 13.9 22.0 19.7 Percentage of households with one car 43.6 41.5 40.7 39.1 38.6 Percentage of households with two cars 41.2 38.8 37.5 31.4 32.9 Percentage of households with three or more cars 6.6 8.0 7.9 7.6 8.7
In Kinsaley ED 63.8% of the population are reliant on private motorised transport to work, school or college. The population of Swords Forest is less reliant on private motorised transport (56.1%). Area MN102 has a relatively low percentage use of non- car modes of transport to work, school or college (29.5% in Kinsaley and 37.9% in Swords Forest). The majority of population of EDs in Area MN102 live in households with one or two cars. Compared with GDA and State averages, the EDs of Area MN102 generally have considerably higher than average percentage of households with two cars. Page 180
Human Beings: Socio-economics Page 181 State 4.1
3.0 3.0 4.6 3.2 3.4 2.6 5.8 5.6 0.5 8.2 0.6
17.5 20.1 19.6 12.4 10.6
Dublin Area Dublin
Greater Greater 7.5 5.1 3.1
3.7 0.7 4.4 4.4 2.9 5.3 4.9 8.6 0.5
17.5 10.7 19.3 14.9 13.5 Fingal 7.8 4.1 8.1
4.8 4.3 4.5 3.4 3.3 5.3 0.6 9.8 5.4 0.4
22.1 12.8 16.2 13.2 Swords Forest Swords 7.1 7.7 7.7 7.2 4.1
3.3 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.2 6.2 0.3 0.3
17.6 26.1 13.6 14.9 Kinsaley 8.1 5.7 4.7 5.4 5.2 4.4 5.4 9.8 2.9 3.3 0.8 6.5 0.2 21.7 11.2 13.7 13.4
Within Area MN102 the percentage of population population of MN102 the percentage Within Area has not whose education and over 15 years aged and State the GDA equal to ceased is relatively EDs who in both people of The proportion averages. is or primary degree non-degree of a level attained averages. and State higher than the GDA Not stated Not Doctorate (PhD) Doctorate Post-graduate degree (masters) degree Post-graduate Post-graduate certificate or diploma or certificate Post-graduate Both degree and professional qualification professional and degree Both Primary degree Primary status) (degree qualification Professional Non-degree Upper secondary and technical or vocational or technical and secondary Upper Technical or vocational qualification vocational or Technical Upper secondary Upper Lower secondary Lower Primary education Primary Total percentage of population aged 15 years and over over and years 15 aged population of percentage Total ceased not has education whose Percentage of population aged 15 years and over at at over and years 15 aged population of Percentage institution educational other over and years 15 aged persons of Percentage attained level and ceased has education full-time whose education formal No Education levels Education at over and years 15 aged population of Percentage university or school Area MN102 Area Table 11.8 Education Data for Area MN102 Area for Data Education 11.8 Table
Chapter 11 Parts of both of these EDs are located within Area 11.3.1.3 Area MN103: Dublin Airport MN104 but they are described in this area because the majority of the area of these EDs is in Area Area MN103 contains the following EDs: MN103. There are no RAPID areas, no designated - Balgriffin; Urban Renewal Schemes and no DEIS schools are located within Area MN103. - Airport. Relevant socio-economic data available for the EDs in this area is shown in the following tables.
Figure 11.3 Area MN103 EDs Page 182 Human Beings: Socio-economics
Table 11.9 Demographic Data for Area MN103
Area MN103 Balgriffin Airport Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Demographics Population 2002 590 441 196,413 1,535,446 3,917,203 Population 2006 911 1,611 239,992 1,662,536 4,239,848 Percentage Change ‘02-’06 54.4 265.3 22.2 8.3 8.2
Age Profile Percentage of population aged 0-14 21.1 10.0 22.1 19.6 20.4 Percentage of population aged 15-24 12.1 12.9 14.9 15.6 14.9 Percentage of population aged 25-44 34.7 54.8 37.7 34.4 31.7 Percentage of population aged 45-64 16.0 13.3 19.4 20.7 21.9 Percentage of population aged 65+ 16.1 8.9 6.0 9.7 11.0
The EDs of Area MN103 have seen some of the Over the inter-census period the population of largest percentage growths of population in the EDs within Area MN103 increased considerably, country over the period 2002-2006. Ballgriffin’s average of 144.6% increase over the entire area. population grew by 54.4% while Airport’s The populations of the Greater Dublin Area and the population grew by 265.3%. In total the population State increased by 8.3% and 8.2% respectively, of the EDs of Area MN103 has grown from 1,031 over the same period. The significant growth in in 2002 to 2,522 in 2006. In Area MN103 the two the populations of these two EDs is attributable most populated age categories are the 25-44 age to the growth in residential development in the category and the 45-64 age category. In fact, area over the past few years. Numerous suburban Airport has the highest proportion of population housing developments have been built, catering aged 25-44 of all EDs in the study area. for relatively large, populations compared to what previously existed. Page 183 Chapter 11
Table 11.10 Economic and Employment Data for Area MN103
Area MN103 Balgriffin Airport Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Economic status Total working population 719 1,450 187,018 1,336,588 3,375,399 (persons aged 15 years and over) Percentage at work 59.2 74.3 64.6 59.9 57.2 Percentage looking for first job or unemployed 3.2 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 (having lost or given up previous job) Labour Force 449 1,154 130,816 873,009 2,109,498 Labour Force Participation Rate 62.4 79.6 69.9 65.3 62.5 Unemployment Rates 4.0 5.7 6.1 7.0 7.1 (unemployed as percentage of labour force)
Percentage of persons at work by industry Agriculture, forestry and fishing 3.1 0.6 1.2 1.5 4.6 Building and construction 7.3 7.3 8.1 8.8 11.1 Manufacturing industries 8.9 10.5 10.5 10.7 13.6 Commerce and trade 30.8 31.8 33.9 33.1 27.1 Transport and communications 7.5 12.9 9.4 6.7 5.5 Public administration 2.6 3.8 6.3 5.9 5.2 Professional services 11.3 12.2 14.9 15.7 16.5 Other 28.6 20.9 15.8 17.6 16.3
Social classification Percentage professional and technical 43.7 36.7 38.2 35.8 32.9 Percentage non-manual, skilled and semi-skilled 32.9 32.6 42.2 42.3 45.2 Percentage unskilled and other occupations 23.4 30.7 19.6 22.0 21.9
The proportion of population at work in the EDs The employment classifications of the population of Area MN103 varies from a relatively medium of Airport and Balgriffin are relatively balanced. proportion in Balgriffin (59.2%) to a relatively high The majority of the population are classified as proportion in Airport (74.3%). The population of professional and technical (36.7% and 43.7%) and people looking for their first job or unemployed in the minority of the population are classified as Balgriffin and Airport is relatively low (3.2% and unskilled and other occupations (30.7% and 23.4%). 5.2%). Compared with the Greater Dublin Area and A high proportion of those employed are employed the State averages, Area MN103 has a relatively in the transport and communications industry. lower rate of unemployment. Large numbers of respondents from Area MN103 classed their industry of employment as ‘other’. The industry of commerce and trade employs the Airport also has comparatively high proportion of highest percentage of the working population in this its population classified as ‘unskilled and other area. High percentages of the working population occupations’. It is probable that a large proportion are also employed in the professional services of these populations are employed directly or and transport and communications industries. indirectly by the airport and its services. Compared with the GDA and State averages, this area has relatively average proportion working in commerce and trade, relatively higher proportion working in transport and communications, and lower than average proportion working in the professional services. Page 184 Human Beings: Socio-economics
Table 11.11 Transport Data for Area MN103
Area MN103 Balgriffin Airport Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Mode of transport for persons aged 5 or over to work, school or college Percentage non private-motorised transport 20.3 38.5 38.5 41.0 31.7 (by foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus) Percentage private-motorised transport 65.6 53.6 53.9 50.3 57.0 (car, motorcycle)
Car Ownership Percentage of households with no car 10.3 28.2 13.9 22.0 19.7 Percentage of households with one car 29.3 51.4 40.7 39.1 38.6 Percentage of households with two cars 45.1 19.3 37.5 31.4 32.9 Percentage of households with three or more cars 15.4 1.1 7.9 7.6 8.7
Both EDs have relatively low percentages of people Compared with GDA and State averages, Area travelling to work, school or college by non-car MN103 generally has a relatively average number modes of transport (20.3% in Balgriffin and 38.5% of cars per household. However, here are large in Airport). Balgriffin has the highest proportion differences between the two EDs of Area MN103, of population travelling to work, school or college i.e. Balgriffin having a higher proportion of by private motorised modes of all EDs in the study households with multiple cars while the majority area (65.6%) and thus the lowest proportion of of households within Airport have 0 or 1 car per people travelling to work, school or college by household. With regards to the number of cars non-car modes of transport (20.3%). There is per household, the two EDs are very different. a very high reliance in Area MN103 on private motorised transport. Page 185 Chapter 11
Table 11.12 Education Data for Area MN103
Area MN103 Balgriffin Airport Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Education levels Percentage of population aged 15 years and over 7.1 3.5 7.8 8.6 8.2 at school or university Percentage of population aged 15 years and over 2.7 7.9 5.4 4.9 4.1 at other educational institution Total percentage of population aged 15 years and 9.9 11.4 13.2 13.5 12.4 over whose education has not ceased
Percentage of persons aged 15 years and over whose full-time education has ceased and level attained No formal education 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 Primary education 9.1 3.3 9.8 14.9 17.5 Lower secondary 16.7 9.5 16.2 17.5 20.1 Upper secondary 20.0 16.6 22.1 19.3 19.6 Technical or vocational qualification 5.6 3.2 5.3 5.3 5.6 Upper secondary and technical or vocational 2.7 3.6 3.3 2.9 3.0 Non-degree 10.8 12.5 12.8 10.7 10.6 Primary degree 7.2 12.2 8.1 7.5 5.8 Professional qualification (degree status) 3.2 4.3 3.4 3.1 2.6 Both degree and professional qualification 3.3 7.3 4.5 4.4 3.4 Post-graduate certificate or diploma 3.0 4.7 4.1 3.7 3.2 Post-graduate degree (masters) 3.3 8.2 4.3 4.4 3.0 Doctorate (PhD) 0.6 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 Not stated 14.3 13.1 4.8 5.1 4.6
Within Area MN103 the percentage of population The figures for Airport are notable in that it has aged 15 years and over whose education has approximately twice the State average for the not ceased is below GDA and State averages. percentage of population with a primary degree. The proportion of people who attained a level The percentages of the population of Airport for of non-degree or primary degree is higher than all educational levels above primary degree are all the GDA and State averages. higher than both the GDA and State averages. This shows that the population of the area is a relatively well educated population. Page 186
There are no RAPID areas, no Urban Renewal Human Beings: Socio-economics 11.3.1.4 Area MN104: Dublin Airport Schemes and no DEIS schools located within south portal to Santry Avenue Area MN104. Relevant socio-economic data is shown in the following tables. Area MN104 contains only one ED: Relevant socio-economic data available for the - Dubber. ED in this area is shown in the following tables.
Figure 11.4 Area MN104 EDs
Table 11.13 Demographic Data for Area MN104
Area MN104 Dubber Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Demographics Population 2002 838 196,413 1,535,446 3,917,203 Population 2006 3,747 239,992 1,662,536 4,239,848 Percentage Change ‘02-’06 347.1 22.2 8.3 8.2
Age Profile Percentage of population aged 0-14 19.1 22.1 19.6 20.4 Percentage of population aged 15-24 14.2 14.9 15.6 14.9
Percentage of population aged 25-44 53.6 37.7 34.4 31.7 Page 187 Percentage of population aged 45-64 9.2 19.4 20.7 21.9 Percentage of population aged 65+ 3.9 6.0 9.7 11.0 Chapter 11 Dubber exhibits one of the largest percentage This large population increase in Dubber is increases in population in the country. The attributable to large residential developments built population in 2002 (838) increased by 347.1% in the area. In Area MN104, the two most populated between 2002 and 2006 to reach a total population age categories are the 25-44 age category and the of 3,747. This is the largest population growth of 0-14 age category. The least populated age category all EDs in the study area. The populations of the is the 65 or older age category. This shows that Greater Dublin Area and the State increased by this area consists of a large number of relatively 8.3% and 8.2% respectively over the same period. young families.
Table 11.14 Economic and Employment Data for Area MN104
Area MN104 Dubber Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Economic status Total working population (persons aged 15 years and over) 3,031 187,018 1,336,588 3,375,399 Percentage at work 76.2 64.6 59.9 57.2 Percentage looking for first job or unemployed 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 (having lost or given up previous job) Labour Force 2,467 130,816 873,009 2,109,498 Labour Force Participation Rate 81.4 69.9 65.3 62.5 Unemployment Rates 5.6 6.1 7.0 7.1 (unemployed as percentage of labour force)
Percentage of persons at work by industry Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0.6 1.2 1.5 4.6 Building and construction 9.3 8.1 8.8 11.1 Manufacturing industries 11.0 10.5 10.7 13.6. Commerce and trade 31.0 33.9 33.1 27.1 Transport and communications 9.6 9.4 6.7 5.5 Public administration 5.1 6.3 5.9 5.2 Professional services 12.5 14.9 15.7 16.5 Other 21.0 15.8 17.6 16.3
Social classification Percentage professional and technical 25.3 38.2 35.8 32.9 Percentage non-manual, skilled and semi-skilled 47.0 42.2 42.3 45.2 Percentage unskilled and other occupations 27.7 19.6 22.0 21.9
In Dubber ED, 76.2% of the population are working. The industry of commerce and trade employs the This is the highest percentage of all EDs in the highest percentage of the working population study area. The percentage of people looking for in this area. High percentages of the working their first job or unemployed in Area MN104 is 5.2% population are also employed in the professional and this is relatively average figure compared to services and manufacturing industries. Compared other areas. Compared with the Greater Dublin with the GDA and State averages, this area has Area and the State averages, Area MN104 has a relatively average proportions working in commerce relatively lower rate of unemployment. and trade and manufacturing with lower than average percentages working in the professional services. The majority of people are classified as non-manual, skilled and semi-skilled (47.0%). This
Page 188 is followed by the unskilled and other occupations employment classification (27.7%). Human Beings: Socio-economics
Table 11.15 Transport Data for Area MN104
Area MN104 Dubber Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Mode of transport for persons aged 5 or over to work, school or college Percentage non private-motorised transport 31.3 38.5 41.0 31.7 (by foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus) Percentage private-motorised transport (car, motorcycle) 55.5 53.9 50.3 57.0
Car Ownership Percentage of households with no car 19.1 13.9 22.0 19.7 Percentage of households with one car 46.7 40.7 39.1 38.6 Percentage of households with two cars 28.3 37.5 31.4 32.9 Percentage of households with three or more cars 5.9 7.9 7.6 8.7
The majority of people travelling to work, school or college do so by private motorised means (55.5%). Dubber has a relatively low percentage of non- car mode of transport to work, school or college (31.3%). Compared with GDA and State averages, the ED of Area MN104 generally has slightly below average proportion of households with no car, considerably above average for households with one car, below average for households with two cars and below average for households with three or more cars. Page 189 Chapter 11
Table 11.16 Education Data for Area MN104
Area MN104 Dubber Fingal Greater Dublin Area State Education levels Percentage of population aged 15 years and over 4.2 7.8 8.6 8.2 at school or university Percentage of population aged 15 years and over 6.6 5.4 4.9 4.1 at other educational institution Total percentage of population aged 15 years and over whose 10.8 13.2 13.5 12.4 education has not ceased
Percentage of persons aged 15 years and over whose full-time education has ceased and level attained No formal education 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 Primary education 9.2 9.8 14.9 17.5 Lower secondary 15.4 16.2 17.5 20.1 Upper secondary 21.7 22.1 19.3 19.6 Technical or vocational qualification 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.6 Upper secondary and technical or vocational 4.7 3.3 2.9 3.0 Non-degree 11.8 12.8 10.7 10.6 Primary degree 7.7 8.1 7.5 5.8 Professional qualification (degree status) 2.4 3.4 3.1 2.6 Both degree and professional qualification 4.0 4.5 4.4 3.4 Post-graduate certificate or diploma 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.2 Post-graduate degree (masters) 3.6 4.3 4.4 3.0 Doctorate (PhD) 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 Not stated 9.4 4.8 5.1 4.6
Within Area MN104 the percentage of population aged 15 years and over whose education has not ceased (10.8%) is below GDA and State averages. The proportion of people who attained a level of non-degree (11.8%) or primary degree (7.7%) is higher than the GDA and State averages. Page 190
Parts of Whitehall A and Ballygall C are located Human Beings: Socio-economics 11.3.1.5 Area MN105: Santry Avenue within Area MN106 but they are described in this to Albert College Park area because the majority of the area of these EDs is in Area MN105. Ballymun B, Ballymun C Area MN105 contains the following EDs: and Ballymun D are included in the Dublin City - Ballymun B; Ballymun RAPID Area. Area MN105 also contains the Ballymun IAP area under the Urban Renewal - Ballymun C; Scheme. Located within Area MN105, within 500m - Ballymun D; of the alignment, are 9 primary schools and 1 post- primary school included in the DEIS programme. - Ballymun E; Relevant socio-economic data available for the - Whitehall B; EDs in this area is shown in the following tables. - Whitehall A; - Ballygall C.
Figure 11.5 Area MN105 EDs Page 191 Table 11.17 Demographic Data for Area MN105
Area MN105 B Ballymun C Ballymun D Ballymun E Ballymun B Whitehall A Whitehall C Ballygall Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State Demographics Population 2002 4,050 5,896 3,712 1,602 3,902 3,542 3,787 495,781 1,535,446 3,917,203 Population 2006 3,949 5,921 3,522 1,550 4,120 3,959 3,575 506,211 1,662,536 4,239,848 Percentage Change -2.5 0.4 -5.1 -3.2 5.6 11.8 -5.6 2.1 8.3 8.2 ‘02-’06
Age Profile Percentage of 25.4 27.0 31.1 15.5 11.5 11.3 12.9 15.0 19.6 20.4 population aged 0-14 Percentage of 20.0 18.1 17.3 13.2 24.6 26.4 13.5 16.9 15.6 14.9 population aged 15-24 Percentage of 30.3 30.2 33.8 24.9 24.9 22.2 25.3 35.7 34.4 31.7 population aged 25-44 Percentage of 17.6 15.7 12.3 19.9 19.6 20.8 25.5 19.7 20.7 21.9 population aged 45-64 Percentage of 6.7 9.0 5.5 26.5 19.4 19.2 22.7 12.7 9.7 11.0 population aged 65+
The populations of each of the EDs in this area The population of the Greater Dublin Area and the remained relatively constant between 2002 and State increased by 8.3% and 8.2% respectively 2006 (<12% increases/decreases over this period). over the same period. In terms of age categories, Overall, the population has grown from 26,491 in Ballymun D has the highest percentage of 0-14 age 2002 to 26,596 in 2006. There were population category of all EDs in the study area. Whitehall A declines in particular EDs. Over the inter-census has the lowest percentage of 25-44 age category period the population of EDs within Area MN105 of all EDs in the study area. Ballymun E has the increased only slightly, average of 0.4% increase highest percentage of all 65 or older age category of over the entire area. all EDs in the study area. Page 192 Table 11.18 Economic and Employment Data for Area MN105
Area MN105 B Ballymun C Ballymun D Ballymun E Ballymun B Whitehall A Whitehall C Ballygall Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State Economic status Total working population 2,947 4,324 2,426 1,310 3,648 3,511 3,113 430,357 1,336,588 3,375,399 (persons aged 15 years and over) Percentage at work 46.1 45.7 47.6 47.6 44.9 42.1 48.7 56.9 59.9 57.2 Percentage looking for first 18.4 14.3 17.4 1.8 4.1 2.2 3.2 6.8 5.4 5.3 job or unemployed (having lost or given up previous job) Labour Force 1,902 2,596 1,575 647 1,786 1,555 1,616 274,310 873,009 2,109,498 Labour Force 64.5 60.0 64.9 49.4 49.0 44.3 51.9 63.7 65.3 62.5 Participation Rate Unemployment Rates 25.8 21.1 23.7 2.9 6.7 3.9 5.3 9.0 7.0 7.1 (unemployed as percentage of labour force)
Percentage of persons at work by industry Agriculture, forestry 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.5 4.6 and fishing Building and construction 6.8 7.9 9.1 5.1 6.2 5.0 6.9 6.5 8.8 11.1 Manufacturing industries 8.2 8.3 8.6 10.6 9.5 6.0 8.8 8.2 10.7 13.6.
Commerce and trade 28.3 30.1 28.5 31.1 30.4 30.6 27.9 34.1 33.1 27.1 Transport and 7.4 8.8 7.2 8.5 12.8 7.4 9.2 6.9 6.7 5.5 communications Public administration 3.5 4.5 3.7 12.8 7.9 8.8 10.7 6.0 5.9 5.2 Professional services 13.2 15.8 14.6 15.4 16.7 18.7 18.1 16.2 15.7 16.5 Other 32.4 24.4 28.2 16.4 16.1 23.3 18.1 21.7 17.6 16.3
Social classification Percentage professional 9.3 13.0 7.8 38.6 24.6 35.0 32.2 30.4 35.8 32.9 and technical Percentage non-manual, 44.8 48.9 42.0 45.1 44.1 27.0 42.1 41.3 42.3 45.2 skilled and semi-skilled Percentage unskilled and 45.9 38.1 50.1 16.3 31.4 37.9 25.7 28.3 22.0 21.9 other occupations Page 193 Chapter 11 Area MN105 has a relatively low proportion of Compared with the GDA and State averages, this population at work, ranging from 42.1% in Whitehall area has above average proportion working in A (lowest for all EDs in the study area) to 48.7% in transport and communications with lower than Ballygall C. The percentage of people looking for average percentages working in the professional their first job or unemployed ranges from 1.8% in services and commerce and trade. The majority Ballymun E (lowest for all EDs in the study area) of the population of Area MN105 belong to to 18.4% in Ballymun B (highest for all EDs in the either the non-manual, skilled and semi-skilled study area). There is a large variance in the rates employment classification or the unskilled and of unemployment across Area MN105. Ballymun other occupations classification. Ballymun B, Ballymun C and Ballymun D have considerably E has the highest percentage of population higher rates of unemployment when compared of professional and technical employment with Greater Dublin Area and State averages. The classification in this area (38.6%). Ballymun C remaining EDs have comparatively lower rates of has the highest proportion of non-manual, skilled unemployment. Ballymun B has the highest rate and semi-skilled employment classification in of unemployment of all EDs considered along this area (48.9%). Ballymun D has the highest the alignment (25.8%), while Ballymun E has the proportion of unskilled and other employment lowest rate (2.9%). The populations of Ballymun B, classification in this area (50.1%). Ballymun D Ballymun C and Ballymun D have high proportions has the lowest proportion in the professional and looking for their first job or unemployed, having lost technical employment classification of all EDs or given up their previous job. in the study area (7.8%). Overall, there are large differences in Area MN105. Ballymun B, Ballymun The industry of commerce and trade employs the C and Ballymun D can be considered together. They highest percentage of the working population in this have high rates of unemployment and low levels of area. High percentages of the working population population classified as professional and technical. are also employed in the professional services and On the other side there are the EDS of Ballymun transport and communications industries. E, Whitehall A, Whitehall B and Ballygall C, where there are relatively low rates of unemployment and high proportions of the population classified as professional and technical.
Table 11.19 Transport Data for Area MN105
Area MN105 B Ballymun C Ballymun D Ballymun E Ballymun B Whitehall A Whitehall C Ballygall Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State Mode of transport for persons aged 5 or over to work, school or college Percentage non private- 60.0 59.5 67.0 35.3 58.8 59.0 47.9 57.7 41.0 31.7 motorised transport (by foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus) Percentage private- 28.1 32.2 24.3 55.1 35.5 32.7 44.9 34.1 50.3 57.0 motorised transport (car, motorcycle)
Car Ownership Percentage of households 51.8 46.3 59.5 14.6 33.3 30.5 23.6 40.5 22.0 19.7 with no car Percentage of households 36.6 38.3 33.9 45.1 43.2 37.1 42.8 39.0 39.1 38.6 with one car Percentage of households 10.0 12.6 6.1 32.3 19.0 26.6 28.6 16.9 31.4 32.9 with two cars Percentage of households 1.6 2.8 0.6 8.0 4.6 5.8 5.0 3.6 7.6 8.7 with three or more cars Page 194 Area MN105 has relatively high proportions of Subsequently, the percentages of households Human Beings: Socio-economics people travelling to work, school or college by with two or three cares are significantly lower non-car modes, ranging from 35.3% in Ballymun than the GDA and State averages. The differences E to 67.0% in Ballymun D. The percentage of between EDs within Area MN105 continue through population travelling to work, school or college to transport considerations. It can be seen that using private motorised transport ranges from Ballymun B, Ballymun C and Ballymun D rely heavily 24.3% in Ballymun D to 55.1% in Ballymun E. on non private-motorised transport and have high Compared with GDA and State averages, the EDs proportions of households with no car. of Area MN105 generally have considerably higher than average percentage of households with no cars and a relatively average percentage of households with one car.
Table 11.20 Education Data for Area MN105
Area MN105 B Ballymun C Ballymun D Ballymun E Ballymun B Whitehall A Whitehall C Ballygall Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State Education levels Percentage of population 6.0 9.2 6.2 9.5 18.4 23.6 8.3 9.2 8.6 8.2 aged 15 years and over at school or university Percentage of population 7.6 6.0 8.3 2.5 4.6 3.5 4.0 6.1 4.9 4.1 aged 15 years and over at other educational institution Total percentage of 13.6 15.1 14.4 12.0 23.0 27.1 12.3 15.3 13.5 12.4 population aged 15 and over whose education has not ceased
Percentage of persons aged 15 years and over whose full-time education has ceased and level attained No formal education 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.7 0.6 0.2 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 Primary education 35.0 29.3 25.1 15.1 27.1 11.7 19.0 19.8 14.9 17.5 Lower secondary 23.8 28.2 27.9 16.5 19.3 12.6 16.7 16.4 17.5 20.1 Upper secondary 14.6 17.7 19.0 24.9 17.6 18.7 21.1 15.9 19.3 19.6 Technical or vocational 3.3 4.2 4.2 6.9 6.5 4.7 6.5 4.6 5.3 5.6 qualification Upper secondary and 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.3 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.0 technical or vocational
Non-degree 3.5 4.6 4.1 10.1 8.5 9.0 8.0 7.9 10.7 10.6 Primary degree 1.4 2.3 1.4 5.0 5.9 8.1 5.7 8.1 7.5 5.8 Professional qualification 0.5 0.7 0.6 4.2 1.5 3.6 2.1 2.7 3.1 2.6 (degree status) Both degree and professional 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.5 2.5 3.7 2.3 4.8 4.4 3.4 qualification Post-graduate certificate 0.6 0.8 1.2 2.1 2.4 3.2 1.8 3.5 3.7 3.2 or diploma Post-graduate degree 1.4 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.8 4.8 2.8 5.4 4.4 3.0 (masters) Doctorate (PhD) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 Not stated 12.2 6.6 10.6 4.6 2.7 16.1 8.9 6.8 5.1 4.6
Ballybough B; B; Ballybough A; Inns Quay A; East Cabra B; Mountjoy B. Inns Quay Drumcondra South B; B; South Drumcondra C; Botanic EDs in this area is shown in the following tables. the following in is shown EDs in this area - - - - - located B are Quay B and Inns Mountjoy Parts of described in this are MN107 but they within Area these EDs of the area the majority of because area in Dublin B is included Mountjoy MN106. is in Area are There City North Inner City RAPID Area. East within Area located Schemes no Urban Renewal within 500m MN106, Area within Located MN106. included in is one primary school the alignment, of the DEIS programme. the for available socio-economic data Relevant - -
Drumcondra South C; South C; Drumcondra A; Botanic South A; Drumcondra B; Botanic - - - - Within Area MN105 the percentage of population population of percentage the MN105 Area Within not has education whose over and years 15 aged The averages. State and GDA above is ceased non- of level a attained who people of proportion State and GDA the below is degree primary or degree notable are A Whitehall and B Whitehall averages. 15 aged population of proportions high their to due vast The ceased. not has education whose over and whose over and years 15 aged population of majority lower or primary only reached ceased has education Ballymun B, Ballymun in especially levels, secondary B. Whitehall and D Ballymun C, 11.3.1.6 Area MN106: Albert College Park Park Albert College MN106: Area 11.3.1.6 Stop Mater to EDs: following MN106 contains the Area
Figure 11.6 Figure Chapter 11 MN106 EDs Area Page 196
Human Beings: Socio-economics
11.0 9.7 12.7 10.2 5.6 9.9 16.4 8.6 Percentage of population aged 65+ aged population of Percentage 10.6 16.4 14.3 12.3 15.9 17.3
Percentage of population aged 45-64 aged population of Percentage 21.9 20.7 19.7 14.9 11.5 20.9 13.8 18.4 18.0 16.5 20.7 21.3 22.8 22.4
Percentage of population aged 25-44 aged population of Percentage 31.7 34.4 35.7 44.4 47.0 39.7 40.5 42.6 40.4 38.0 35.3 35.0 35.9 27.5
Percentage of population aged 15-24 aged population of Percentage 14.9 15.6 16.9 18.7 23.8 18.5 24.4 23.0 19.4 18.4 16.6 18.4 13.1 19.6
Percentage of population aged 0-14 aged population of Percentage 20.4 19.6 15.0 11.8 12.1 11.0 5.0 7.5 11.7 10.7 13.1 13.0 12.4 13.2
Age Profile Age
Percentage Change ‘02-’06 Change Percentage 8.2 8.3 2.1 5.4 26.5 -0.6 10.1 6.8 -4.4 -0.6 -6.8 2.3 6.1 -5.2
Population 2006 Population 4,239,848 1,662,536 506,211 3,113 3,446 5,366 3,715 3,215 2,098 1,369 3,214 3,945 3,091 3,323
Population 2002 Population 3,917,203 1,535,446 495,781 2,953 2,725 5,396 3,373 309 2,195 1,377 3,449 3,857 2,914 3,504
Demographics
State Dublin Area Greater Dublin City Inns Quay B Mountjoy B Cabra East A Inns Quay A Ballybough B Botanic C South B Drumcondra Botanic B South A Drumcondra Botanic A South C Drumcondra MN106 Area Table 11.21 Demographic Data for Area MN106 Area for Data Demographic 11.21 Table
There has been a slight change in the population in the population change been a slight has There 2002-2006 the period over MN106 Area of area). the entire over 3.3% increase (approximately 34,752 from has grown the population In total significant was There in 2006. 35,895 in 2002 to the B over Mountjoy of in the population growth the of The populations (26.5%). years inter-census by increased State and the Dublin Area Greater period. the same over 8.3% and 8.2% respectively age populated most MN106 the two In Area and the 25- category age 15-24 the are categories is category age populated The least 44 category. age the 65 or by followed closely category, the 0-14 age South Drumcondra In the EDs of category. age older South C, Drumcondra South B, Drumcondra A, slightly are the populations B A and Botanic Botanic larger are there i.e. EDs, than the remaining older in the 45-64 and the population of proportions 65+ age categories. categories. 65+ age
Chapter 11 Page 198 Table 11.22 Economic and Employment Data for Area MN106
Area MN106 Drumcondra South C A Botanic Drumcondra South A B Botanic Drumcondra South B C Botanic B Ballybough A Inns Quay A East Cabra B Mountjoy B Inns Quay Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State
Economic status
Total working population (persons aged 15 years and 2,884 2,709 3,433 2,792 1,222 1,853 2,973 3,531 4,776 3,029 2,746 430,357 1,336,588 3,375,399 over)
Percentage at work 53.4 60.3 59.2 60.2 57.9 64.5 58.9 54.7 64.0 58.5 59.6 56.9 59.9 57.2
Percentage looking for first job or unemployed (having 2.6 3.0 5.0 14.7 6.1 5.1 10.0 7.5 5.6 13.6 11.2 6.8 5.4 5.3 lost or given up previous job)
Labour Force 1,614 1,715 2,204 1,798 783 1,289 2,048 2,195 3,344 2,183 1,944 274,310 873,009 2,109,498
Labour Force Participation Rate 56.0 63.3 64.2 64.4 64.1 69.6 68.9 62.2 70.0 72.1 70.8 63.7 65.3 62.5
Unemployment Rates 3.5 3.8 6.6 4.9 6.8 6.0 10.5 10.3 6.5 15.0 12.2 9.0 7.0 7.1 (unemployed as percentage of labour force)
Percentage of persons at work by industry
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.5 4.6
Building and construction 5.3 6.2 6.7 7.9 8.9 6.9 11.2 4.0 7.6 9.3 7.1 6.5 8.8 11.1
Manufacturing industries 7.1 8.3 6.1 6.1 6.4 4.9 7.9 4.5 7.5 8.4 6.5 8.2 10.7 13.6
Commerce and trade 31.3 34.7 33.9 34.0 31.4 32.7 30.0 23.9 30.9 29.6 27.6 34.1 33.1 27.1
Transport and communications 7.6 5.8 7.0 5.5 5.4 7.2 5.7 3.3 5.3 5.1 4.3 6.9 6.7 5.5
Public administration 11.0 7.8 7.3 8.6 7.6 6.4 4.7 3.1 8.7 1.6 4.0 6.0 5.9 5.2
Professional services 22.6 23.3 19.4 22.0 19.4 19.2 15.5 21.8 20.8 10.4 17.1 16.2 15.7 16.5
Other 14.7 13.4 19.4 15.5 20.9 22.4 24.7 39.2 19.0 35.2 32.9 21.7 17.6 16.3
Social classification
Percentage professional and technical 43.2 50.7 44.7 48.4 31.5 42.1 24.6 24.9 37.6 13.5 24.4 30.4 35.8 32.9
Percentage non-manual, skilled and semi-skilled 35.4 35.7 31.9 33.6 37.5 36.7 42.2 24.1 39.9 38.6 34.2 41.3 42.3 45.2
Percentage unskilled and other occupations 21.4 13.6 23.3 18.0 31.0 21.1 33.2 51.0 22.5 47.9 41.3 28.3 22.0 21.9
The industry of commerce and trade employs the employs trade and commerce of The industry population the working of percentage highest the working of percentages High area. in this professional in the employed also are population and State the GDA with Compared services. proportion average has above area this averages, with a relatively services professional working the in working population of percentage average The EDs within the area services. professional the to with respect a wide range also exhibit population. of the classifications employment population of percentage A has the highest Botanic employment and technical professional of (50.7%). study area in the of all EDs classification of population of proportion It also has the lowest classification employment and other unskilled the Overall, (13.6%). area all EDs in the study of and technical professional of proportions highest South Drumcondra in the EDs of recorded are B Botanic A, Botanic A, South Drumcondra C, B has the highest Ballybough C. and Botanic and semi-skilled skilled non-manual, of percentage (42.2%). in this area classification employment Inns Quay A has the highest percentage of unskilled unskilled of percentage A has the highest Inns Quay in this classifications employment and other (51.0%). area Area MN106 exhibits average proportions of people people of proportions average exhibits MN106 Area South in Drumcondra 53.4% from ranging work, at a large It also exhibits C. in Botanic 64.5% C to people of the percentages to with respect range 2.6% or unemployed, job their first for looking percentage C (the lowest South in Drumcondra in Botanic 14.7% to area) the study all EDs in of and Dublin Area with the Greater Compared B). has a relatively MN106 Area averages, the State be noted must It unemployment. of rate average in the unemployment of the rates while that than the lower northern are part this area of the rates averages, and State Area Dublin Greater further south along increase unemployment of The EDs of the city centre. towards the alignment, B have B and Inns Quay Mountjoy B, Ballybough for looking population of proportions the highest of rates the highest and or unemployed, job first in this area. unemployment
Chapter 11 Page 200 Table 11.23 Transport Data for Area MN106
Area MN106 C South Drumcondra A Botanic A South Drumcondra B Botanic B South Drumcondra C Botanic B Ballybough A Quay Inns A East Cabra B Mountjoy B Quay Inns City Dublin Area Dublin Greater State
Mode of transport for persons aged 5 or over to work, school or college
Percentage non private-motorised 60.0 51.7 57.9 56.5 61.5 64.8 73.4 56.8 61.6 78.2 70.5 57.7 41.0 31.7 transport (by foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus)
Percentage private-motorised transport 34.1 42.9 34.6 37.4 29.3 28.6 19.6 12.6 30.5 8.6 14.2 34.1 50.3 57.0 (car, motorcycle)
Car Ownership
Percentage of households with no car 31.9 25.1 33.9 32.3 47.6 41.2 63.2 59.8 47.4 76.2 70.3 40.5 22.0 19.7
Percentage of households with one car 44.7 46.8 39.6 43.7 39.5 38.4 27.4 33.6 35.4 20.4 24.2 39.0 39.1 38.6
Percentage of households with two cars 19.3 24.4 22.2 20.5 10.8 16.9 7.7 5.0 14.0 2.4 4.7 16.9 31.4 32.9
Percentage of households with three or 4.1 3.7 4.3 3.5 2.1 3.5 1.6 1.7 3.2 0.9 0.7 3.6 7.6 8.7 more cars Chapter 11 Area MN106 has extremely high proportions of Compared with GDA and State averages, the EDs of people travelling to work, school and college by Area MN106 generally have considerably higher than non-car modes, ranging from 51.7% in Botanic A average percentage of households with no cars and a to 78.2% in Mountjoy B. Therefore, there are low relatively average percentage of households with one percentages using private motorised transport to car. Subsequently, the percentages of households travel to work, school or college, ranging from 8.6% with two or three cares are significantly lower than to 37.4%. Similar to the employment statistics, the GDA and State averages. the EDs with the highest reliance on non private- motorised transport and the highest proportions of households with no cars include Ballybough B, Mountjoy B and Inns Quay B. Page 202 Table 11.24 Education Data for Area MN106
Area MN106 Drumcondra South C A Botanic Drumcondra South A B Botanic Drumcondra South B C Botanic B Ballybough A Inns Quay A East Cabra B Mountjoy B Inns Quay Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State
Education levels
Percentage of population aged 15 years and 14.0 8.1 11.2 10.0 8.8 11.2 11.1 10.6 9.5 10.3 8.5 9.2 8.6 8.2 over at school or university
Percentage of population aged 15 years and 3.9 5.2 6.3 5.8 7.6 7.2 8.5 6.5 8.0 14.9 10.6 6.1 4.9 4.1 over at other educational institution
Total percentage of population aged 15 years 17.9 13.3 17.5 15.8 16.4 18.4 19.6 17.1 17.5 25.3 19.1 15.3 13.5 12.4 and over whose education has not ceased
Percentage of persons aged 15 years and over whose full-time education has ceased and level attained
No formal education 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4 1.5 0.1 4.1 0.4 0.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6
Primary education 15.9 10.9 11.6 8.7 19.9 8.0 17.5 11.7 11.3 13.7 18.6 19.8 14.9 17.5
Lower secondary 13.5 12.4 12.4 11.2 11.8 12.3 14.6 9.7 12.3 11.6 11.5 16.4 17.5 20.1
Upper secondary 17.4 18.7 17.2 19.6 13.6 17.4 14.2 8.3 18.5 12.1 12.5 15.9 19.3 19.6
Technical or vocational qualification 4.4 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.0 4.6 6.1 3.5 5.4 7.1 4.2 4.6 5.3 5.6
Upper secondary and technical or vocational 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.6 4.1 3.1 3.1 5.3 3.3 2.5 2.9 3.0
Non-degree 10.3 9.7 9.1 10.2 9.8 11.7 8.3 6.4 9.4 6.2 7.3 7.9 10.7 10.6
Primary degree 10.2 11.3 11.6 11.9 10.7 12.6 8.9 7.7 11.5 8.1 8.0 8.1 7.5 5.8
Professional qualification (degree status) 3.1 3.7 3.8 4.5 2.2 4.4 2.9 3.8 3.4 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.1 2.6
Both degree and professional qualification 6.7 7.7 6.6 7.4 5.2 7.1 3.6 5.4 5.9 3.3 5.4 4.8 4.4 3.4
Post-graduate certificate or diploma 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.7 4.0 5.5 4.1 2.4 4.6 3.6 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.2
Post-graduate degree (masters) 6.2 7.8 7.5 8.1 5.6 8.0 6.4 4.1 7.1 6.3 6.4 5.4 4.4 3.0
Doctorate (PhD) 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5
Not stated 3.2 3.3 6.1 3.9 8.1 3.3 4.7 32.7 5.8 18.4 14.4 6.8 5.1 4.6 Chapter 11 Within Area MN106 the percentage of population - North Dock C; aged 15 years and over whose education has - Mansion House A; not ceased is above GDA and State averages. Mountjoy B is exceptional in that 25.3% of its - Royal Exchange A; population aged 15 has not ceased education. This - Mansion House B; is interesting in the light that approximately 70% of its population are aged 15-44. The proportion of - Royal Exchange B; people who attained a level of non-degree is below - St. Kevin’s. the GDA and State averages while the proportion attaining primary degree is higher than the GDA Parts of Mountjoy A, Rotunda A and Arran Quay and State averages. Within Area MN106 the EDs A are located within Area MN106 but they are of Drumcondra South C, Drumcondra South A, described in this area because the majority of the Cabra East A, Botanic A, Botanic B and Botanic C area of these EDs is in Area MN107. Rotunda A, have higher proportions of population attaining Mountjoy A and North Dock C are included in Dublin educational levels higher than primary degree City North East Inner City RAPID Area. Inns Quay than the remaining EDs. C is included in Dublin City North West Inner City RAPID Area. Mansion House A, Mansion House B, St. Kevin’s, Royal Exchange A and Royal Exchange 11.3.1.7 Area MN107: Mater Stop B are included in Dublin City South East Inner City to St. Stephen’s Green RAPID Area. Area MN107 also contains the North East Inner City IAP, O’Connell Street IAP and the Area MN107 contains the following EDs: HARP IAP areas under the Urban Renewal Scheme. - Rotunda A; Located within Area MN107, within 500m of the alignment, are 4 primary schools and 2 post- - Arran Quay A; primary schools included in the DEIS programme. - Mountjoy A; Relevant socio-economic data available for the - Rotunda B; EDs in this area is shown in the following tables. - Inns Quay C; - North City;
Figure 11.7 Area MN107 EDs Page 204 Table 11.25 Demographic Data for Area MN107
Area MN107 A Rotunda A Quay Arran A Mountjoy B Rotunda C Inns Quay North City North C Dock Mansion House A A Exchange Royal Mansion House B B Exchange Royal Kevins St. Dublin City Dublin Area Greater Total State
Demographics
Population 2002 4,199 1,390 3,242 1,752 2,359 3,942 3,568 4,269 3,569 990 1,936 4,601 495,781 1,535,446 3,917,203
Population 2006 4,672 1,502 3,760 2,137 2,672 3,867 4,179 4,462 3,602 869 2,020 5,206 506,211 1,662,536 4,239,848
Percentage Change ‘02-’06 11.3 8.1 16.0 22.0 13.3 -1.9 17.1 4.5 0.9 -12.2 4.3 13.1 2.1 8.3 8.2
Age Profile
Percentage of population 12.8 9.3 15.0 10.9 13.6 5.2 11.8 10.6 4.0 2.3 7.5 6.4 15.0 19.6 20.4 aged 0-14
Percentage of population 21.1 23.0 22.4 25.0 19.8 23.1 25.4 28.3 23.6 20.3 19.5 18.8 16.9 15.6 14.9 aged 15-24
Percentage of population 45.1 43.1 40.9 51.7 41.0 50.9 43.5 37.2 47.4 38.5 40.1 49.3 35.7 34.4 31.7 aged 25-44
Percentage of population 16.4 13.1 15.2 9.1 16.3 16.2 15.1 16.8 19.5 26.9 24.2 17.5 19.7 20.7 21.9 aged 45-64
Percentage of population 4.6 11.5 6.5 3.3 9.3 4.6 4.3 7.0 5.6 11.0 8.7 8.1 12.7 9.7 11.0
aged 65+
Human Beings: Socio-economics Beings: Human Page 205 Page Chapter 11 There has been a small change in the population In Area MN107 the two most populated categories of Area MN107 over the period 2002-2006 are the 15-24 age category and the 25-44 age (approximately 9%). In total the population of Area category. The least populated age category is the MN107 has grown from 35,817 in 2002 to 38,948 65 or older age category. Rotunda B has the lowest in 2006. Mansion House B ED has the greatest percentage of 45-64 age category of all EDs in the percentage decrease of population of all the EDs in study area (9.1%). Mansion House A has the highest the study area over the period 2002-2007 (12.2%). percentage of 15-24 age category of all EDs in Rotund B and North Dock C saw the greatest the study area (28.3%). Mansion House B has the population increase over the period. Over the lowest percentage of 0-14 age category of all EDs in inter-census period the population of EDs within the study area (2.3%) and the highest percentage Area MN107 increased moderately, average of 8.7% of 45-64 age category of all EDs in the study area increase over the entire area. The populations of (26.9%). Mansion House B and Royal Exchange the Greater Dublin Area and the State increased by B have higher proportions of population aged 8.3% and 8.2% respectively over the same period. 45-64 than the remaining EDs. The majority of the remaining EDs population are within the 15-24 and 25-44 age categories. Page 206 Table 11.26 Economic and Employment Data for Area MN107
Area MN107 A Rotunda Quay Arran A A Mountjoy B Rotunda Inns Quay C North City North Dock C Mansion House A Royal A Exchange Mansion House B Royal B Exchange Kevin’s St. Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State
Economic status
Total working population 4,074 1,362 3,196 1,904 2,309 3,666 3,686 3,987 3,459 849 1,868 4,875 430,357 1,336,588 3,375,399 (persons aged 15 years and over)
Percentage at work 59.1 60.4 55.1 61.1 52.3 64.7 57.6 53.6 62.2 65.6 59.0 61.3 56.9 59.9 57.2
Percentage looking for first job or unemployed 10.9 6.5 14.0 9.6 13.2 8.8 9.2 5.9 6.4 2.9 6.5 8.1 6.8 5.4 5.3 (having lost or given up previous job)
Labour Force 2,852 910 2,210 1,346 1,513 2,694 2,461 2,373 2,374 582 1,224 3,381 274,310 873,009 2,109,498
Labour Force Participation Rate 70.0 66.8 69.1 70.7 65.5 73.5 66.8 59.5 68.6 68.6 65.5 69.4 63.7 65.3 62.5
Unemployment Rates (unemployed as 12.1 8.2 16.0 10.8 16.2 9.3 11.8 8.6 7.5 3.4 8.8 9.1 9.0 7.0 7.1 percentage of labour force)
Percentage of persons at work by industry
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.5 4.6
Building and construction 8.1 7.1 8.6 6.3 7.5 4.8 5.7 3.9 3.2 1.3 3.8 3.6 6.5 8.8 11.1
Manufacturing industries 6.7 6.8 6.4 7.0 6.5 7.5 5.2 6.7 6.4 7.4 5.3 5.8 8.2 10.7 13.6
Commerce and trade 28.0 32.7 28.9 32.2 33.4 34.7 35.8 36.4 33.7 35.0 34.0 37.1 34.1 33.1 27.1
Transport and communications 4.4 4.3 4.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 2.7 4.1 4.6 3.6 6.9 6.7 5.5
Public administration 2.9 4.5 3.2 1.5 3.6 3.5 2.4 3.0 3.9 3.4 4.2 4.5 6.0 5.9 5.2
Professional services 11.3 19.8 12.0 11.0 12.2 11.4 10.1 14.6 10.5 10.6 10.3 11.2 16.2 15.7 16.5
Other 38.1 24.7 36.0 38.4 31.6 32.7 35.5 30.0 39.2 37.5 37.6 33.7 21.7 17.6 16.3
Social classification
Percentage professional and technical 16.3 31.4 15.3 17.8 15.9 28.0 20.8 21.4 28.2 41.1 24.2 32.1 30.4 35.8 32.9
Percentage non-manual, skilled 34.8 38.0 32.3 30.4 39.7 34.0 29.0 31.1 27.5 16.7 29.7 28.8 41.3 42.3 45.2 and semi-skilled
Percentage unskilled and other occupations 48.9 30.6 52.4 51.8 44.3 38.1 50.2 47.5 44.3 42.2 46.1 39.1 28.3 22.0 21.9 Chapter 11 The percentage of people at work varies over a wide Overwhelmingly the majority of respondents to range in this area (52.3% in Inns Quay to 65.6% the 2006 Census from EDs within Area MN107 in Mansion House B) and is quite high on average indicated their employment industry as ‘other’. (53.4%). This area also has a large percentage of Of the remaining working population the industry people looking for their first job or unemployed, of commerce and trade employs the highest ranging from 2.9% in Mansion House B to 14.0% percentage of the working population in this in Mountjoy A. Compared with the Greater Dublin area. High percentages of the working population Area and the State averages, Area MN107 has a are also employed in the professional services. relatively higher rate of unemployment. The EDs Compared with the GDA and State averages, this with the highest rates of unemployment include area has slightly higher than average proportion Inns Quay C (16.2%), Mountjoy A (16.0%), Rotunda A working in commerce and a reasonably lower than (12.1%) and North Dock C (11.8%). average proportion working in the professional services. The majority of people at work from Area MN107 are employed in unskilled and other occupations. Mansion House B has the highest proportion of professional and technical classification (41.1%) in this area. Inns Quay C has the highest proportion of non-manual, skilled and semi-skilled (39.7%). Mountjoy A has the highest proportion of unskilled and other employment classification (52.4%) of all EDs in the study area. Page 208 Table 11.27 Transport Data for Area MN107
Area MN107 A Rotunda A Quay Arran A Mountjoy B Rotunda C Inns Quay North City North C Dock Mansion House A A Exchange Royal Mansion House B B Exchange Royal Kevin’s St. Dublin City Greater Dublin Area State
Mode of transport for persons aged 5 or over to work, school or college
Percentage non private-motorised 77.7 74.0 77.3 81.2 77.5 84.0 75.7 79.2 74.7 65.9 64.2 70.4 57.7 41.0 31.7 transport (by foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus)
Percentage private-motorised 9.5 18.7 7.2 8.3 12.0 7.4 10.7 10.4 8.3 13.6 11.6 13.3 34.1 50.3 57.0 transport (car, motorcycle)
Car Ownership
Percentage of households 78.5 56.1 77.0 82.7 71.4 82.6 69.5 70.7 78.6 63.9 80.1 67.4 40.5 22.0 19.7 with no car
Percentage of households 18.9 31.3 21.0 13.4 24.5 16.3 25.5 26.1 18.5 26.7 17.5 25.9 39.0 39.1 38.6 with one car
Percentage of households 1.9 11.3 1.2 2.6 3.4 0.9 4.3 2.6 2.4 7.9 2.0 5.5 16.9 31.4 32.9 with two cars
Percentage of households with 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.6 0.4 1.1 3.6 7.6 8.7
three or more cars
Human Beings: Socio-economics Beings: Human Page 209 Page Chapter 11 Area MN107 also has relatively high proportions of people travelling to work, school or college by non- car modes, ranging from 64.2% in Royal Exchange B to 84.0% in North City (highest proportion of all EDs in the study area). Compared with GDA and State averages, the EDs of Area MN107 generally have considerably higher than average percentage of households with no cars. An overwhelming majority of the households have no cars. Subsequently, the percentages of households with one, two or three cars are significantly lower than the GDA and State averages. Notable are the relatively high proportions in Arran Quay A, Mansion House B and St. Kevin’s for the percentage of private-motorised mode of transport and the percentage of households with three or more cars. Page 210 Table 11.28 Education Data for Area MN107
Area MN107 A Rotunda A Quay Arran A Mountjoy B Rotunda C Inns Quay North City North C Dock Mansion House A A Exchange Royal Mansion House B B Exchange Royal Kevin’s St. Dublin City Dublin Area Greater State Education levels
Percentage of population aged 15 years and over at school or university 12.5 13.2 9.7 14.3 10.7 13.7 15.7 21.2 15.9 14.7 14.2 12.3 9.2 8.6 8.2
Percentage of population aged 15 years and over at other educational institution 12.2 8.7 12.9 14.9 10.9 13.7 10.9 8.7 10.2 8.5 6.7 9.3 6.1 4.9 4.1
Total percentage of population aged 15 years and over whose education has not ceased 24.7 21.9 22.6 29.2 21.5 27.4 26.6 29.9 26.1 23.2 20.9 21.6 15.3 13.5 12.4
Percentage of persons aged 15 years and over whose full-time education has ceased and level attained
No formal education 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 2.3 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.6
Primary education 13.1 17.7 20.5 8.7 25.3 7.4 15.0 19.2 11.5 1.5 12.5 10.1 19.8 14.9 17.5
Lower secondary 12.4 11.3 14.3 10.0 15.6 10.3 11.9 13.8 9.1 2.6 13.6 8.9 16.4 17.5 20.1
Upper secondary 15.1 14.6 11.6 11.1 12.6 14.2 10.4 10.3 10.2 8.0 10.9 10.7 15.9 19.3 19.6
Technical or vocational qualification 5.6 4.6 5.6 4.9 5.0 4.0 3.1 2.6 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 4.6 5.3 5.6
Upper secondary and technical or vocational 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.5 3.2 1.3 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.0
Non-degree 6.0 8.0 5.6 9.5 5.2 8.1 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.0 4.8 7.9 7.9 10.7 10.6
Primary degree 7.5 10.2 6.3 10.7 7.8 11.4 9.1 10.5 11.5 11.6 10.7 12.1 8.1 7.5 5.8
Professional qualification (degree status) 3.1 4.5 3.0 3.3 2.3 4.7 3.6 2.5 3.9 4.6 4.4 4.2 2.7 3.1 2.6
Both degree and professional qualification 4.5 7.1 3.7 5.8 2.8 6.7 6.2 4.4 6.4 12.1 5.9 6.9 4.8 4.4 3.4
Post-graduate certificate or diploma 3.7 4.5 3.4 4.8 3.1 5.5 4.4 3.5 5.5 5.1 2.7 4.6 3.5 3.7 3.2
Post-graduate degree (masters) 5.3 6.8 5.1 7.3 5.9 9.0 6.7 6.5 7.2 13.0 5.4 9.6 5.4 4.4 3.0
Doctorate (PhD) 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.3 4.6 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.5
Not stated 19.3 6.3 15.3 18.5 10.1 13.2 17.8 15.7 19.4 24.4 22.7 17.1 6.8 5.1 4.6
MN101; MN102; MN103; MN104; MN105; MN106; MN107.
------is shown area each for Headline data table: in the following 11.3.2 Primary study area summary area study Primary 11.3.2 EDs of consists area study The primary within areas:
Within Area MN107 the percentage of population population of the percentage MN107 Area Within has not education whose and over 15 years aged and State GDA than higher is considerably ceased being 20.9% percentage lowest the averages, North EDs of The and City B. Exchange in Royal A and St. Exchange and Royal B, Mansion House of levels the highest have some extent to Kevin’s proportions highest The EDs with the education. level secondary lower only attaining population of A and Mountjoy C, Quay include Inns education of people of the proportion Overall, Mansion House A. the is below non-degree of a level who attained GDA and State averages while the proportion the proportion while averages and State GDA is higher than the GDA primary degree attaining averages. and State
Chapter 11 Page 212
Human Beings: Socio-economics Page 213
has not ceased not has
Percentage of population who are aged 15 or older and whose education education whose and older or 15 aged are who population of Percentage 12.4 13.5 15.3 13.2 25.0 18.1 17.2 10.8 10.8 13.7 11.7
or college or
motorised transport (foot, bicycle, tram, train, bus) to travel to work, school school work, to travel to bus) train, tram, bicycle, (foot, transport motorised
Percentage of population aged 5 years and over using non private- non using over and years 5 aged population of Percentage 31.7 41.0 57.7 38.5 76.2 62.7 57.5 31.3 31.9 35.4 36.4
work
Percentage of total working population (persons aged 15 years and over) at at over) and years 15 aged (persons population working total of Percentage 57.2 59.9 56.9 64.6 59.0 59.3 45.8 76.2 69.3 72.5 68.4
Percentage population change population Percentage 8.2 8.3 2.1 22.2 8.7 3.3 0.4 347.1 144.6 34.9 34.9
Population 2006 Population 4,239,848 1,662,536 506,211 239,992 38,948 35,895 26,596 3,747 2,522 17,969 32,168
Population 2002 Population 3,917,203 1,535,446 495,781 196,413 35,817 34,752 26,491 838 1,031 13,325 23,844
Key Statistics Key
MN101 MN107 Area MN102 MN103 MN104 MN105 MN106 MN107 Fingal Dublin Area Greater Dublin City State Table 11.29 Area Totals Area 11.29 Table The highest percentages of working population population working of percentages The highest occur work at or older) 15 years aged (persons MN103 and MN102, MN101, Areas in the EDs of lower MN106 and MN107 have Areas MN104. aged (persons population working of percentages Mn105 has the Area work. at or older) 15 years (persons population working of percentages lowest all EDs Similarly work. at or older) 15 years aged have MN103 and MN104 MN102, MN101, areas of and than the GDA lower unemployment of rates unemployment of the rates While averages. State MN106 and MN107 it of the areas vary across are unemployment of their rates can be seen that averages. and State higher than the GDA slightly EDs with the highest the MN105 has both Area all EDs of unemployment of rates and lowest show Ballymun The EDs of the alignment. along higher than the considerably rates unemployment averages. and State GDA in employed are people the majority of Overall, all EDs across industry, and trade the commerce importantThe second most industry in all areas. the of The proportion services. is professional is relatively industry in each employed population However, all EDs in all areas. across uniform of by the proportion hampered are these figures ‘other’. as their industry who indicated respondents choosing respondents of percentages The highest MN106 and the MN105, areas from are ‘other’ in MN107. highest social each of population of The proportion to area. area from slightly changes classification 103 and 104 the proportion 102, MN101, In Areas is and semi-skilled skilled non-manual, of proportion lower with a slightly high, comparatively The technical. and classified as professional is classified the population of proportion smallest Within the occupations. other and of as unskilled the proportion MN106 and MN107 MN105, Areas other of or classified as unskilled population of and in MN105 especially elevated, are occupation a relatively MN106 is there in Area Only MN107. classified as non- the population of high proportion and semi-skilled. skilled manual, All areas along the alignment have seen increases seen increases have the alignment along areas All and had Dublin City (2.1%) as have in population, MN103 MN102, MN101, Areas Fingal (22.2%). in population increases large and MN104 all saw were there While period. the inter-census over B, as Ballymun declines in EDs such population A, East Cabra C, Ballygall E, Ballymun D, Ballymun Botanic South B, Drumcondra South C, Drumcondra North City and Mansion House B, C, Botanic B, EDs of the remaining of increases the population population in net result MN106 and MN107 MN105, all areas. for increases the MN102 and MN104 have MN101, Areas their the majority of populations, youngest the 0-14 age being balanced between populations MN103 Area and the 25-44 category. age category category. age 15-24 of proportion has the highest population, young MN106 also has a relatively Area the to belonging its population with the majority of The population and the 25-44 categories. age 15-24 the areas; than the other MN107 is older Area of in the 25-44 are and its population majority of The northern have areas categories. 45-64 age the large due to people young of higher levels in these suburban development recent amount of the resident of the south the ages Further to areas. of with a higher proportion older, are families of levels The highest adults. and young teenagers in the EDs occur or older 65 years aged population and Botanic Drumcondra, Whitehall, Ballymun, of MN106 and areas EDs of The City Centre Inns Quay. of persons by populated overwhelmingly MN107 are 25-44 years. category the age Headline data Chapter 11 11.8 Figure Page 214 Human Beings: Socio-economics Page 215
The percentage of the population (aged 15 years or or years 15 (aged population the of percentage The and GDA the than higher is Fingal in work at older) is City Dublin in percentage the while averages, State considerably Fingal in rate unemployment The lower. the while average, State and GDA the than lower considerably is City Dublin in rate unemployment average. State and GDA the than higher working its of higher proportions Fingal has and forestry in agriculture, employed population manufacturing and construction; building fishing; and and communication; transport industries; Dublin City City. than Dublin public administration population its working of has higher proportion and professional trade, and in commerce employed Fingal and Dublin City, Both services than Fingal. have averages, State and with GDA when compared employed population working of proportions lower and building and fishing; forestry in agriculture, Again industries. manufacturing construction; they averages and State with GDA when compared population the working of higher proportions have in transport and communications, employed on Their figures and public administration. with GDA comparable services are professional and State averages. and State population of Fingal has higher proportions and non- technical and classified as professional than Dublin City, and semi-skilled skilled manual, classified as population of proportion and a lower With regards occupations. other and of unskilled classified as population of proportions the to Fingal has higher and and technical, professional and State the GDA than Dublin City has lower and skilled for non-manual, The figures averages. both for comparable relatively are semi-skilled and State Fingal and Dublin City and the GDA and Dublin proportion Fingal has a lower averages. classified population of City has a higher proportion than the GDA occupations other and of as unskilled averages. and State persons transport for the mode of to With regards Fingal or college school work, to 5 or older aged In other. each to opposite quite and Dublin City are use private the population Fingal the majority of in Dublin City the while transport, motorised such transport, majority use non private-motorised figures Fingal’s or bus. tram train, bicycle, foot, as by higher than the GDA are private-motorised for Dublin average. than the State but lower average considerably are for private-motorised figures City’s averages. and State the GDA than both lower
per household. per household. or older 15 years aged population of The percentage institution educational or other college school, at the highest far By areas. the different varies across closely MN107, in Area be found is to proportion within Area The proportion MN106. Area by followed with GDA high compared relatively MN105 is still MN103 MN102, MN101, Areas averages. and State and than GDA lower proportions and MN104 have averages. State MN103 and MN104 show MN102, MN101, Areas ceased who have the population of higher levels and non degree of the levels attaining education Within all areas. than the remaining primary degree population the of high proportions are there areas secondary a primary or lower attained having only MN106 and in MN105, especially education, attaining population of levels The lowest MN107. technical higher than secondary, qualifications Within areas MN105, in Area occurs or vocational of proportions the highest MN106 and MN107 are higher than qualification of levels attaining people Within areas or vocational. technical secondary, MN103 and MN104 the proportion MN102, MN101, higher than qualifications attaining population of to is comparable or vocational technical secondary, averages. and State the GDA area study Secondary 11.3.3 Fingal (22.2%) was of increase The population and State higher than the GDA significantly has There (8.3% and 8.2% respectively). averages in the Fingal region growth been considerable This has been due to years. the inter-census over suburban and of and development the expansion Dublin City only of The population towns. commuter It seems the same period. over 2.1% by increased relatively remains the city population while that rapidly. Fingal is increasing of the population static Fingal has a averages, and State GDA to Compared Dublin City has a greater while population younger Fingal and Dublin Both persons. older of proportion 25-44 aged population of proportions City show averages. and State higher than the GDA The percentage of persons aged 5 or older using 5 or older aged persons of The percentage or school work to transport motorised private MN102, MN101, Areas high in is relatively college the city to closer move As we MN104. MN103 and older 5 or aged persons of proportion the centre, school work transport to motorised using private of use of rate the lowest with declines, or college being in MN107. transport motorised private is a high there MN areas, the seven In all of one car per have that households of proportion is mostly which MN107, Area for except household, Within Areas no-car households. composed of significantly are there and MN103, MN102, MN101, cars with two households of higher numbers
Chapter 11 Fingal and Dublin City also differ from each number when considering the number of cars per 11.4 Do minimum scenario household. The percentage of households with no In order to understand the impact of the car in Fingal is lower than both the GDA and State proposed scheme in the future, it is necessary averages. Whereas, in Dublin City the percentage to have knowledge of how the existing baseline of households with no car is significantly higher environment will change in the future if the than the GDA and State averages. Both Fingal and proposed scheme is not implemented. The do Dublin City have a similar percentage of households minimum socio-economic scenario is based with one car, comparable to the GDA and State on population projections estimated by the averages. When considering two, three or more cars Department of the Environment, Heritage and per household, Dublin City has considerably lower Local Government (DoEHLG) and the CSO. The percentages than the GDA and State averages, DoEHLG projections are based on past trends while Fingal’s percentages are relatively higher or and the envisaged impact associated with the slightly higher than the GDA and State averages. implementation of Government policy. These With regards to education Dublin City has higher projections are detailed in the National Spatial proportions of its population aged 15 years or Strategy (2002) and have been adopted into the older, whose education has not ceased, at school, Regional Planning Guidelines (2004). The Central university or other educational institution than Statistics Office does not include consideration both the GDA and State averages. Fingal’s figures of policy implementation into their population for the proportion of population aged 15 years or projections. The CSO’s projections date from older (whose education has not ceased) at school 2004 and 2005. The following table indicates the or university are lower than the GDA and State projections made by the DoEHLG and CSO. averages. Fingal’s figures for the proportion of population aged 15 years or older (whose education has not ceased) at other educational institution is lower than the GDA average, but higher than the State average. Fingal exceeds both the GDA and State averages in the proportion of its population having attained non-degree, primary degree, professional qualification (degree status), both degree and professional qualification and post graduate certificate or diploma level. Dublin City exceeds the GDA and State averages in the proportion of its population having attained primary degree, both degree and professional qualification, post- graduate degree (masters) and Doctorate (PhD). The proportion of population (whose education has ceased) with no formal education or only a primary education is higher in Dublin City than both the GDA and State averages.
Table 11.30 Population projections for 2020 Central Statistics National Spatial DoEHLG Estimates Office M1f2 Strategy low guidelines adopted (Medium) Region estimates estimates into RPGs estimates Greater Dublin Area 1,900,000 1,800,000 1,832,000 2,039,000 State 4,345,000 4,700,000 4,737,000 5,017,022 Page 216 The national population numbers are the result of It is assumed that for the State, Human Beings: Socio-economics two factors, natural increases (births minus deaths) natural increase will be at the following rates: and net migration. There are various assumptions - 2006-2011: 34,000 per annum that have been made in the projection of population data. In the calculation of their figures, the CSO - 2011-2016: 35,000 per annum have assumed that the fertility rate will decline - 2016-2020: 32,000 per annum. up until 2011 and subsequently remain stable for the period up to and beyond 2020. Mortality was Over recent years Ireland has experienced considered to decrease for both males and females increased levels of net migration. The CSO until and beyond 2020. projections assume that net migration will be at the following rates:
- 2006-2011: 50,000 per annum - 2011-2016: 45,000 per annum - 2016-2020: 37,500 per annum. By including these assumptions in their population projections, the CSO calculate population projections as:
Table 11.31 National Population Projections to 2020 Year 2006 2011 2016 2020
Population 4,234,925 4,655,000 5,055,000 5,333,000
In the case of the GDA, the CSO has suggested that - regions adjacent to the GDA will grow the population in the GDA as a percentage of the at a relatively slower rate,; national population would increase from 39.2% in - within the GDA, the pace of growth 2002 to 40.7% by 2021. will balance out among the counties; The RPG uses the following assumptions in the - growth in the south-west and mid-west calculation of their population projections: will be supported;
- Government will continue to support regions such as the West and Border, which have been performing as according to the NSS. With these assumptions considered the following population projections have been calculated:
Table 11.32 Regional Target Projections to 2020
% Share % Share Region 2006 2011 2016 2020 2006 2020 RPG 2020 Dublin 1,186,159 1,287,525 1,390,579 1,464,387 28.01 27.46 - GDA 1,661,185 1,824,566 1,966,184 2,066,317 39.23 38.75 1,832,000 State 4,234,925 4,655,000 5,055,000 5,333,000 100 100 4,737,000 Page 217
taken that these statistics will remain relatively relatively will remain these statistics that taken of in areas except years, the future over uniform high redevelopment. the in the absence of transport, to With regards the population of the proportion scheme, proposed to transport is likely motorised using private will per households cars The number of increase. are there where in areas especially also increase, populations. young currently uniform relatively will also remain levels Education the proposed in the absence of years in future the of percentages the that It is likely scheme. will education with minimal formal population in the will be an increase decline and there with secondary or the population of proportions higher educations. These projections are relevant to the study area area study the to relevant are projections These population of the amount highlight they in that Table to According occur. to is likely that growth 8.5% by will grow Dublin of the population 11.32 2011 between 8.0% by and 2011, 2006 between 2020. 2016 and 5.3% between and by and 2016 at grow to is likely area the study of The population at grow likely than It will more or higher. these rates future policies concentrating due to a higher rate transport hubs. around development It is will also change. structure age The population with high proportions currently areas in that likely higher will be relatively there population young of categories. age older of population of levels populations high middle-aged of in areas Similarly populations. older of will be high numbers there the how calculate to this stage at It is impossible and social industries employment economic status, It can be time. over change will classifications
Chapter 11 Page 218 Human Beings: Noise t : t t y a eings
a n n a
Baseline categorisation methodolog Baseline categorisation Introductio Study are Baseline dat criteri Baseline categorisation the baseline environmen of and categorisation Description environmen the baseline of Description the baseline environmen of Categorisation Introductio oise B uman 12.2 12.2.1 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.2.4 12.3 12.3.1 12.3.2 12.1 H N 12
Human Beings: Noise Page 221
y categorisation aseline
12.2 B methodolog Introduction 12.2.1 has sound which as any Noise has been defined or discomfort disturbance, cause to the potential or it, to exposed a subject to stress psychological actual cause to has the potential sound which any it or to exposed a subject harm to physiological it to exposed structure any to damage physical 2006). (EPA, is almost human activity, of as a result Noise, in Noise sources in the modern world. ubiquitous are as Dublin city centre such urban environments transport and industrial by dominated typically noise where exist, do however areas Quiet sources. sources by domestic can be influenced levels playing) and children lawnmowers music, (e.g. and dogs). birds (e.g. itself and the environment
(1998 (as amended)). Masteplan for the new Ballymun, Ballymun, the new for Masteplan Airport Local Area Plan (2006); Area Airport Local Plan 2005-2011; Dublin City Development Fingal County Development Plan 2005-2011; Fingal County Development The results of this review are detailed in the detailed are this review of The results this EIS of chapter Context Planning and Policy 4). Chapter 1, (Volume - - - existing noise environment in the area of the of in the area noise environment existing scheme. proposed relevant of a review this chapter, preparing Prior to undertaken was documents planning and policy to relating objectives relevant identify to in order reviewed: been have documents following The noise. - This chapter describes and evaluates the the describes and evaluates This chapter 12.1 Introduction 12.1 respect to noise affecting human beings. beings. human affecting noise to respect been prepared in order to fulfil this requirement with with requirement this fulfil to order in prepared been affected by the proposed scheme. This chapter has has chapter This scheme. proposed the by affected of the environment that are likely to be significantly significantly be to likely are that environment the of statement must contain a description of the aspects aspects the of a description contain must statement Act, 2001 specifies that an environmental impact impact environmental an that specifies 2001 Act, Section 39(2) (b) of the Railway Infrastructure Infrastructure Railway the of (b) 39(2) Section
In more rural areas (e.g. Metropark and Metropark (e.g. areas rural In more Monitoring has generally been carried out at out at been carried has generally Monitoring Lissenhall), a ’first row of buildings’ does not not does of buildings’ row ’first a Lissenhall), are levels noise In these cases, exist. always to receptors sensitive noise the nearest at taken scenario’. receptor affected ‘worst the represent locations that represent the ‘worst affected affected ‘worst the represent that locations along receptors sensitive i.e. scenario’ receptor alignment. the to closest buildings of the row - - Consideration of the above points has led to the to has led points the above of Consideration 12.1. Table in shown as being defined area study Width of study area area study Width of the alignment) sides of both (on 500m alignment the either side of along receptors Sensitive buildings of row the nearest receptors noise sensitive the closest At Baseline Landuse Maps (Volume 3, Book 1 of 2); Book 1 of 3, Baseline Landuse Maps (Volume Dublin; maps of Business directory Dublin; series maps of Discovery (OSI) Ireland Survey Ordnance in Dublin City and Fingal County detailed Landuse zonings Dublin City Council ‘Noise Maps’ 2007*, which indicate modelled modelled indicate which 2007*, ‘Noise Maps’ Dublin City Council monitoring in-the-field involving Noise survey Landuse zonings detailed in Dublin Airport detailed Authority Landuse zonings (report included as Annex B (Volume 3, Book 2 of 2). Book 2 of 3, B (Volume (report included as Annex Local Area Plan (2005 – 2011). Area Local Development Plans (2005 – 2011); Development flow traffic modelled of a result as within the DCC area, noise levels, the for available not maps are equivalent Note: roads. on the city’s Fingal County Council area. ------Data source Data
A preliminary corridor of 500m of corridor A preliminary side of either the proposed alignment is initially examined to to examined is initially alignment the proposed allows corridor This receptors. identify sensitive to be taken diversions short traffic distance for occur. they account should into
*The Noise maps produced by Dublin City Council by *The Noise maps produced 18-hour dB noise as LA10, traffic model road the accepted 18-hour was The LA10, noise levels. to noise prior traffic measure used to parameter 2006. Noise Regulations the Environmental Table 12.2 Baseline data data 12.2 Baseline Table required Information Noise monitoring Suitable (NMLs) and noise locations areas sensitive 12.2.3 Baseline data this the baseline for compile used to The data 12.2. Table in is shown chapter Table 12.1 Study area 12.1 Table Aspect Initial identification of sensitive receptors of sensitive Initial identification in urban areas Noise monitoring areas in rural Noise monitoring - Existing noise levels noise levels Existing area within the study Noise readings in specific areas Noise readings 12.2.2 Study area 12.2.2 when considered been have points The following area: study the defining
Chapter 12 Page 222 Human Beings: Noise Page 223
Areas where recreational activities are carried carried are activities recreational where Areas as be to considered not are offices and out places or hospitals areas, residential as sensitive and areas residential to comparison In worship. of sensitive only typically are areas these hospitals, The continually. necessarily not and day, the during that activities in involved individuals of performance diminished be may areas these at out carried are the However, occur. levels noise significant if case the is than higher is disturbance of threshold of places in practiced are that activities the with reasons, these For facilities. educational or worship considered are offices and facilities recreational sensitivity. medium of be to low of be to considered are that Receptors premises; industrial/warehouse sensitivity include: including areas indoor retail purpose-built, areas; recreational indoor complexes; shopping and Dublin sites; brownfield/vacant/derelict low be of to considered are These areas Airport. carried are that the activities sensitivity because out carried typically are these locations out at from protected already are that in areas indoors the activities Furthermore, noise disturbance. dependent on typically not out are carried are that and greenbelt areas Agricultural levels. noise low are recreation used for typically not are that areas because sensitivity low be of to also considered limited occupied by only typically are these areas short of periods for humans/animals of numbers out in these carried are that The activities time. be noise sensitive. to considered also not are areas are transport infrastructure existing of Areas are they sensitivity as low of areas considered transport. modes of take designed to effects adverse 12.2.4.3 Existing levels noise existing area, study the parts some of In of the introduction high prior to quite already are high noise These existing scheme. the proposed this For account. into be taken need to levels out at carried was baseline monitoring reason, and area within the study locations a number of in the account into taken are obtained the results assessment. impact value 12.2.4.4 Functional is the baseline environment value of The functional criteria specific a number of means of by evaluated account the importance and sensitivity into take to The criteria the environment. of features different of 12.3. Table described in are been defined have that
12.2.4.1 Importance 12.2.4.1 within the areas designated any not are There statutory or defined where area baseline study there Neither are be conserved. noise limits must any by protected currently are that areas any to noise. relating objectives specific policy health public and private areas, Residential areas recreational worship, places of facilities, to considered are facilities and educational be important within the noise baseline areas out in these carried The activities environment. for an important perform function areas 12.2.4.2 Sensitivity sensitive be highly to considered are that Receptors and public and areas noise include residential to considered are These areas health facilities. private the because noise receptors sensitive be highly to are these locations out at carried are that activities being maintained e.g. noise levels dependent on low and recuperation. sleeping are facilities and educational worship Places of the because noise to sensitive be to considered also also are areas these in out carried are that activities activities Religious noise levels. dependent on low These out during daytime. carried typically only are be to considered only therefore landuses are during the day. sensitive 12.2.4 Baseline categorisation criteria categorisation 12.2.4 Baseline involves the baseline environment of Categorisation to values’ ‘functional overall of the allocation The functional area. within the study areas discreet to with reference is determined the area value of and any area the of ‘sensitivity’ and ‘importance’ the on the area. impact that effects’ adverse ‘existing in detail is explained terms these three of Each in this section. communities. local 2002), (EU, the EU Noise Directive The purpose of noise in environmental and manage ‘to control is acoustically other or in public parks built-up areas, and in an agglomeration valued soundscapes…in In 2003). al., et (Weiss in open country’ Areas Quiet area for any specific noise limits the absence of identify been made to have efforts the baseline, of the landuse mapping. through areas these types of the assessment has taken for chosen The criteria these landuses. consideration into The noise values shown in the Dublin City Council City Council the Dublin in shown values The noise initial an obtain used to been have Maps’ ‘Noise within occur that levels noise of range the of view This area. City Council partsthe Dublin the study of when selecting been considered has information (NMLs). Locations Noise Monitoring appropriate Very high Very (V) High (IV) Medium (III) Low (II) low Very (I) Functional value Functional
Criteria for baseline categorisation categorisation baseline for Criteria Agricultural areas; Agricultural sites; Derelict Brownfield/Vacant/ including roads; infrastructure and other Carparks complexes. shopping Purpose-built Industrial/Warehouse uses; Industrial/Warehouse areas; Indoor recreation Dublin AirportZone; Educational/Institutional uses including schools; Educational/Institutional Theatres; buildings. religious i.e. worship Places of areas; recreational Outdoor Cinemas; Offices. Hospitals, nursing homes etc. nursing Hospitals, All residential areas including permanent halting sites and residential landuses and residential permanent including halting sites areas residential All with a commercial/retail component (e.g. an apartment located on the first floor floor on the first an apartment located (e.g. component with a commercial/retail a pharmacy); over Locations that are only sensitive during the day, where the activities the activities where day, during the sensitive only are that Locations noise environment: an acceptable out require carried are that the activities and where day during the sensitive only are that Locations some noise, of out in the presence out can be carried carried are that noise: of high levels but not the activities and where during the day sensitive only are that Locations noise: to sensitive not and/or indoors out carried out are carried are that Applicable. Not ------Table 12.3 Table Criteria - Locations that are highly sensitive during both night and day: and night during both sensitive highly are that Locations
Chapter 12 Page 224 The results of the baseline categorisation in terms Noise measurements have been taken from NML Human Beings: Noise of functional value are shown in Table 12.4 and 8, NML 9, and NML 10. All of these locations are illustrated on maps (Baseline Noise) included in positioned along the R132, which is the dominant Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. source of noise at these locations. The results from these locations indicate that daytime noise levels along the road can vary between 54 and 63dB(A) 12.3. Description and categorisation L . It is likely that increases in traffic Aeq, 15 minutes of the baseline environment flow by the year of operation in 2014 will increase
baseline noise levels here by 1dB(A).
12.3.1 Description of the baseline environment
12.3.1.2 Lissenhall Bridge to the north of the airport 12.3.1.1 Belinstown to Lissenhall Bridge This area consists of a number of different This area comprises the area that extends from the distinct landuses. most northerly part of the study area (500m north of the depot location) to Lissenhall Bridge. The majority As set out in the criteria, the commercial and of this area is currently zoned as a greenbelt under industrial landuses of Low functional value the development plan and the dominant landuse include premises to the south of Lissenhall Bridge within this area is agricultural. Residential areas are (including Swords Wastewater Treatment plant, limited to a small number of scattered farmhouses the Swords Business Park, the Pavilions Shopping and standalone houses. Centre, the Airside Retail Park, the Scotchstone Business area and areas within Swords town As set out in the criteria the residential areas centre). All of the commercial and industrial within this area are considered to have a Very high landuses within this area have been allocated a functional value. The agricultural lands have a Low Low functional value. A number of landuses within functional value. this area have been allocated a Medium functional There are a number of residential properties in this value because of their recreational value. These area as well as a farm produce processing facility. areas include the open green areas and parklands Noise levels in the area are dominated by the traffic that surround the Ward River, Swords Castle and on the M1 and local roads. Noise measurements the playing fields in this area (including Fingallians at locations NML 1, 2 and 3 gave similar readings GAA sports grounds). for both day and night with all daytime noise levels Residential areas in this area include Swords town, ranging between 51-55dB(A) L and night- Aeq, 15 minute the Lissenhall and Seatown residential areas, time levels ranging between 42-48dB(A) L Aeq, 15 minute. Kilronan House, two halting sites and also a number To the west of the R132 is the Emmaus Retreat and of smaller residential areas and stand-alone Conference Centre. This centre includes dormitories houses. All of the residential areas in this area have and is highly sensitive during both day and night. been allocated a Very high functional value. The It therefore has a Very high functional value. The Tara Winthrop Private Clinic (nursing home) located grounds of this Centre include a river walk along on Nevinstown Lane has also been allocated a Very the Broad Meadow River which is regularly used for high functional value. recreational purposes. Baseline noise samples have A number of educational facilities and buildings been taken at the Emmaus Retreat and Conference used as places of worship are also located in this Centre (NML 7). The monitoring results indicate that area. These landuses have been allocated a High daytime noise levels at the centre are relatively low functional value. Examples include Colaiste Choilm, and constant (53-56dB(A) L ). Nighttime Aeq, 15 minute St. Colmcille’s Boys National School and Girl’s noise levels in this area are also quite low National School as well as a church and graveyard (48dB(A) L ). Aeq, 15 minute located on Chapel Lane. Baseline daytime and nighttime noise samples The open spaces around the Ward River, Forrest have also been taken at two residential houses in Little Golf Club, and the playing fields in this area this area (NML 5, 6). Daytime noise levels at NML have been allocated a Medium functional value 4 and NML 5 are similar to that of the Emmaus because of their potential recreational use and the Retreat Centre in that they are relatively low fact that these areas are typically only sensitive and relatively constant. Daytime noise levels at during the day. Open green spaces with Medium NML 6 were slightly higher (56-60dB(A) L ), Aeq, 15 minute functional value area also located around the which may be due to the closer proximity of the Airside Retail Park and extensive areas exist to the M1 motorway. north of the airport. Page 225
Chapter 12 From the Seatown Roundabout to the Airside Retail Park, the alignment runs along the R132. Traffic 12.3.1.5 Northwood to Albert College Park noise dominates in this area. Noise monitoring This area consists primarily of the residential has been carried out at three monitoring locations areas of Ballymun (e.g. Poppintree, Ballcurris (NML 11, NML 12 and NML 13) which are all located gardens, Sillogue, Coultry Park and Shangan). This along the busy R132. The monitoring results from area includes Ballymun town centre and Main these locations indicate that high existing noise Street, and also a number of prefabricated, (and levels are experienced at these locations during sometimes vacant) tower blocks, which are all in both night and day (Day: L : 63 - 66dB(A), Aeq 15 minute the process of undergoing major redevelopment Night: L : 52 - 60dB(A)) and that this existing Aeq 15 minute and regeneration. All of the residential areas are noise is primarily due to traffic noise. The receptors considered to be of Very high functional value. at NML 11 and NML 12 experience lower noise levels than that of NML 13 because of a wall that A number of educational facilities also exist. exists between the road and the receptors, which These include Holy Spirit National School, St. effectively acts as a noise barrier. It is likely that Joseph’s National School, Scoil an Tseachtar Laoch, increases in traffic flow by the year of operation Ballymun Senior Comprehensive School, The Virgin in 2014 will increase baseline noise levels at Mary School, Our Lady of Victories Schools and NML 11 by 1dB(A). Ballymun Junior Comprehensive School. All of these facilities are of High functional value.
12.3.1.3 Dublin Airport A number of green areas also exist including Poppintree Park, Coultry Park and other smaller The area within and around the airport has been parks and greens within residential areas. The assigned a Low functional value because the Ballymun Civic Plaza is another recognised area for activities that take place are not sensitive to noise. potential recreation. All of these areas have been The houses and halting sites have been assigned allocated a Medium functional value to represent a Very high functional value. These receptors are the sensitivity and importance of the recreational already experiencing very high levels of noise. A activities that are carried out. number of offices located within the Dublin Airport Zone have been allocated a Medium functional value. The area around Albert College Park is primarily residential in nature with small green areas largely restricted to areas within residential estates or 12.3.1.4 South of the airport to Northwood associated with schools. The residential areas are In this area the dominant landuse is agricultural. all of Very high functional value. Some small areas are also used for light industrial Noise monitoring was carried out at three and commercial landuses e.g. the Ballymun locations along busy roads within this section of NCT test centre, Tesco’s Distribution Centre the alignment (NML 16, NML 17 and NML 18). The and warehousing areas. These areas have been monitoring results indicate that existing noise allocated a Low functional value. To the north of the levels are very high during both day and night and M50 some of the open fields are used for recreation vary between 63dB(A) and 68dB(A) L during e.g. Cumann Parnell, Ciceam Baile Munna, Sillogue Aeq 15 minute the day and 54dB(A) and 62dB(A) L at night. Golf Course and the sports grounds that are used Aeq 15 minute The dominant source of noise in this area is traffic. by the Royal College of Surgeons. These areas It is likely that increases in traffic flow by the year of can all be used for recreation and therefore have operation in 2014 will increase baseline noise levels been allocated a Medium functional value. Some at NML 16 and NML 18 by 2dB(A). small areas are also used for light industrial and commercial landuses e.g. the Ballymun NCT test centre, warehousing areas. A small number of residential landuses such as Santry Demense are allocated a Very high functional value. Existing noise levels have been measured at two locations (NML 14 and NML 15). The results obtained indicate that existing noise levels during
the day and night are high (Day: 60-69dB(A) LAeq 15
minute; Night: 57-63dB(A) LAeq 15 minute). The dominant source of noise is traffic noise. Page 226
Mixed commercial retail and business uses within Human Beings: Noise 12.3.1.6 The northern boundary of Albert College this section of the alignment include areas: around Park to St. Stephen’s Green Henry and O’Connell Street; to the south of the Liffey including around the Customs House, Temple This area is dominated by residential uses and Bar and Dublin Castle; around Gardiner Street; residential with mixed uses (commercial/retail/ Grafton Street and surrounding retail/commercial office): Griffith Avenue, Drumcondra, Phibsborough uses; Leinster House; and around St. Stephen’s and Mountjoy residential areas; areas around Green. All of these areas have been allocated a Mater Hospital and Parnell Square. Other areas of Low functional value. However, mixed residential very high sensitivity include Elmhurst Convalescent uses also exist where residential areas exist above Home, Mater Private, Mater Misericordiae and commercial premises. These areas have been Children’s University Hospital, Rotunda Hospital allocated a Very high functional value. and Mountjoy prison. All of these areas have been allocated a Very high functional value. The noise maps that have been produced by Dublin City Council indicate that noise levels in this section A number of educational facilities also exist in this of the alignment are highest along the streets section including: Dublin City University (DCU); and the existing exposure of houses facing busy Corpus Christi Girls’ National School; St. Patrick’s streets is already quite high. Baseline monitoring College and Boys’ National School; Clonliffe College was carried out at a number of receptors that Estate/Holy Cross College; St. Vincent’s Centre are located next to busy roads including: NML 25: for the Deaf; Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT); Griffith Avenue; NML 20: Albert College Grove; Trinity College Dublin (TCD); and The Royal College and NML 19: Church of Our Lady of Victories. The of Surgeons. All educational facilities are of High daytime noise levels at all of these locations were functional value. found to be high (60–73dB(A) LAeq 15 minute) and the Baseline noise monitoring was carried out at four night-time levels, although slightly lower, were also locations around Albert College Park (NML 21, NML high (56–64dB(A) LAeq 15 minute. The noise at these 22, NML 23 and NML 24). The noise monitoring locations is confirmed to be primarily associated indicates that existing noise levels at the houses with traffic noise. It is likely that increases in traffic around the park during the day varies widely flow by the year of operation in 2014 will increase between 48dB(A) and 66dB(A) LAeq 15 minute. Noise baseline noise levels here by 1dB(A). monitoring undertaken during the night at NML 21 Existing noise levels at St. Stephen’s Green have indicated a noise level of 57dB(A)L . Aeq 15 minute been measured at four locations (NML 28 to 31). The Noise monitoring was also carried out at the results indicate that noise levels at the boundary of south-western corner of St. Patrick’s College (NML the park during the day are significantly influenced 26) where the existing daytime noise levels were by traffic and are very variable depending on local less than 46dB(A) LAeq 15 minute, which is very low for traffic (Day: 63 – 76dB(A) AeqL 15 minute). Within the an urban location. Existing noise levels monitored park, noise levels are significantly lower during the at St. Vincent’s Centre for the Deaf in Drumcondra day (56dB(A) LAeq 15 minute). At night, the noise levels (NML 27) and daytime noise levels recorded as are slightly less variable than during the day but are being less than 58dB(A) LAeq 15 minute. Noise monitoring obviously still strongly influenced by local traffic was also carried out at the south-western corner (Night: 54 – 65dB(A) LAeq 15 minute). of St. Patrick’s College (NML 26) where the existing daytime noise levels were less than 46dB(A) 12.3.2 Categorisation of the baseline environment LAeq 15 minute, which is very low for an urban location. Nighttime measurements at this location within The results of the baseline categorisation are St. Patrick’s College were also found to be low summarised in Table 12.4.
(37-38dB(A) LAeq 15 minute). Recreational areas within this area include: Albert College Park; Na Fianna GAA sports grounds; Griffith Park; areas around the Tolka River valley; Wolfe Tone Memorial Park; the River Liffey and the quays; St. Stephen’s Green; the Iveagh Gardens and numerous smaller parks, green areas and sports grounds. These recreational areas have been allocated a Medium functional value. Page 227 Chapter 12
Table 12.4 Baseline categorisation Area Summary Description Functional value MN101 - Dominated by areas of Low functional value e.g. agricultural areas; (II) - Some areas of Very high functional value (residential areas); (III) - Some areas of Medium functional value (e.g. recreational areas); (V) - Isolated areas of High functional value (e.g. school). (IV) MN102 - Dominated by areas of open agricultural land (Low functional value); (II) - Large residential areas of Very high functional value; (V) - Some areas of Medium functional value (office areas of employment); (III) - Isolated areas of High functional value (e.g. school) (IV) MN103 - Dublin Airport Zone; (II) - Isolated areas of Medium functional value (e.g. offices); (III) - Isolated residential areas (e.g. the halting sites). (V) MN104 - Area dominated by open Greenfield areas of Low functional value; (II) - Some recreational areas; (III) - Some residential areas to the south. (V) MN105 - Area dominated by residential areas of Very high functional value; (V) - A number of educational/religious facilities of High functional value; (IV) - Some limited recreational areas of Medium functional value. (III) MN106 - Area dominated by residential areas of Very high functional value; (V) - A number of educational/religious facilities of High functional value; (IV) - Some limited recreational areas of Medium functional value. (III) MN107 - Northern part of this area is dominated by residential areas (V) of Very high functional value;
- Moving south, areas of Medium functional value (III) become more common (e.g. offices etc.);
- Some commercial/retail areas of Low functional value; (II) - A number of educational/religious facilities are also located in this area. (IV) Page 228 Human Beings: Vibration t : t t y a eings
a n n a
Baseline categorisation methodolog Baseline categorisation Introductio Study are Baseline dat criteri Baseline categorisation the baseline environmen of and categorisation Description environmen the baseline of Description baseline environmen of Categorisation Introductio B uman ibration 13.2 13.2.1 13.2.2 13.2.3 13.2.4 13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 H V 13.1 13 Human Beings: Vibration Page 231
y categorisation aseline Motion of surfaces or structures: This movement movement This structures: or surfaces of Motion when surfaces occurs noise: Structure-radiated can be perceived by the human sense of touch touch the human sense of by can be perceived physical direct having of is capable and/or equipment. and sensitive on structures effects is referred vibration of this form In this chapter ‘vibration’. as to This noise noise as a result. and radiate vibrate hearing the human sense of by can be perceived or sound recording by can be detected and/or this In this chapter equipment. broadcasting ‘structure- as to is referred vibration of form noise’. radiated
13.2 B methodolog Introduction 13.2.1 forms: in two is considered Vibration - -
(1998 (as amended)). (1998 (as amended)). Masterplan for the new Ballymun, Ballymun, the new for Masterplan Airport Local Area Plan (2006); Area Airport Local Plan 2005-2011; Dublin City Development Fingal County Development Plan 2005-2011; Fingal County Development None of these documents specify any relevant relevant specify any these documents None of vibration. to in relation plans or objectives policies, - - - - This chapter describes and evaluates the existing existing the describes and evaluates This chapter scheme the proposed of in the area environment vibration. to receptors the sensitive of in terms include human vibration to receptors Sensitive archaeological, of equipment and features beings, Vibration heritage. and cultural architectural architectural archaeological, of on features impacts described in the are heritage and cultural and Cultural Heritage Architectural Archaeology, Chapter 2, this EIS (Volume of chapter Heritage sensitive and receptors human Sensitive 15). in this chapter. described in detail equipment are a number of compiling this chapter, Prior to reviewed documents were planning and policy ascertain plans, to if the documents contain any The vibration. to relating policies or objectives been reviewed: documents have following 13.1 Introduction 13.1 respect of vibration. vibration. of respect been prepared in order to fulfil this requirement in requirement this fulfil to order in prepared been by the proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS has has EIS the of chapter This scheme. proposed the by environment that are likely to be significantly affected significantly be to likely are that environment must contain a description of the aspects of the the of aspects the of description a contain must specifies that an environmental impact statement statement impact environmental an that specifies Section 39(2)(b) of the Railway Infrastructure Act, 2001 2001 Act, Infrastructure Railway the of 39(2)(b) Section
it may be transmitted directly to the ears of of the ears to directly be transmitted it may windows; closing by reduced be it cannot noise from structure-radiated in the case of study; A desktop stakeholders; with relevant Consultation specific at monitoring Vibration people in bed (through the bed and pillow); the bed and pillow); (through in bed people to possible it is not vehicles, rail underground to moving by noise heard of the level reduce example for as is the case with, room another a highway. airborne noise from sensitive locations. sensitive ------Vibration that is perceived as structure-radiated as structure-radiated is perceived that Vibration normal airborne of that to is similar noise normal unlike that the fact for except noise airborne noise: This chapter includes an assessment of both both includes an assessment of This chapter noise and was radiated and structure vibration activities: the following of the results by informed 13.2.2 Study area a 100m comprises area The study – 1,000m alignment the proposed on either side of corridor 100m of An area either 13.1. Table in as shown the alignment is used in the majority of side of limit the likely it encompasses because locations structure- or groundborne vibration perceptible of will not vibration Imperceptible noise. radiated of outside equipment sensitive of disturbance cause where areas in used is area study wider A area. this be to are techniques construction blast and drill techniques such that fact the of recognition in used, area. wider much a over effect an have can alignment the Stop Ballymun to Belinstown From the tunnel for except or elevated grade is at noise would Structure-radiated under the airport. the at along consideration require normally not in cases where except the track of sections grade the track. to close very located are buildings to be used in the area to Width of study area (on both sides of the the sides of both (on area study Width of alignment) 100m 1,000m within 100mlocations Specific sample – methodology depending on the construction
adjacent to instances of defective paving paving defective of instances adjacent to affect that devices calming traffic adjacent to vibrating where processes industrial near heavy close to construction sites; sites; construction to close railways; of within 25m road paving; paving; road be used. may equipment/processes of highways; of 13.2.3 Baseline data this the baseline for compile used to The data 13.2. Table in the is shown chapter Table 13.1 Study area 13.1 Table Criteria are that to identify areas survey Landuse field vibration to sensitive areas specific sensitive of monitoring Vibration The exceptions to this are locations where where locations this are to The exceptions are: beings human - - - Vibration is normally imperceptible to humans. humans. to imperceptible normally is Vibration - - for example, which may be installed in some in some be installed may which example, for hospital laboratories. is not it occurs, where vibration, Perceptible the by be unacceptable to considered necessarily it is important However it. who experience people it whereby thresholds exceed it does not that complaint. for or cause becomes an annoyance thresholds annoyance above well levels at Vibration and structures. buildings damage humans may for time, the first for vibration perceive When people will occur, damage building that fear to tend they the below well are vibration of if the levels even damage building which at thresholds established concerns Such occur. potentially to is known building pre-existing notice to people cause may time. the first for as hairline cracks such damage been caused have in fact not may This damage other by been caused have may and vibration by for or settlement heave as ground such factors content. in soil moisture variation due to example Vibration may affect sensitive equipment at levels levels at equipment sensitive affect may Vibration of Equipment humans. to imperceptible are that microscopes, this kind includes electron
Chapter 13 Page 232 Human Beings: Vibration Page 233
13.2.4.2 Sensitivity ‘super- is equipment that hold may that Sites by identified been have vibration to sensitive’ experience judgement, professional means of of each The specific sensitivity and consultation. through has been determined equipment any with the equipment manufacturers consultation and equipment owners. with sensitive associated are Landuses that and day out during both carried are that activities and hospital facilities areas residential (e.g. night to judged are night) at sleeping are people where be of high sensitivity. These landuses are landuses are These high sensitivity. be of been have They important. be very to considered value as a result. high functional Very assigned a is used in Dublin the equipment that The majority of Considerable Airport sensitivity. medium is of the airport air at due to occurs already vibration The noise. aircraft frequency and low turbulence is therefore this facility is used at equipment that the to withstand robust be sufficiently to known vibration. considerable and architectural archaeological, of Some features been reviewed importance heritage have cultural Vibration impacts. vibration to sensitive and are described on a case are on these features impacts this EIS. 15 of Chapter 2, Volume case basis in by be to considered are Concert halls and theatres may these facilities because medium sensitivity of noise. structure-radiated to be sensitive or agriculture recreation, used for are that Areas considered are hours during daytime employment sensitivity. low very be of to Baseline Landuse maps (Volume 3, Book 1 of 2). Book 1 of 3, (Volume Baseline Landuse maps identify premises to stakeholders with key Consultation survey. monitoring Baseline vibration Dublin City Council Development Plan 2005 – 2011; Plan Council Development Dublin City Plan 2005 – 2011; Council Development Fingal County Plan; Action Local North Ballymun Dublin Airport Masterplan. where sensitive equipment is located. equipment is located. sensitive where Data source Data ------
Vibration sensitive equipment equipment sensitive Vibration vibration of levels Existing Vibration sensitive receptors receptors sensitive Vibration Policies and objectives specifically specifically and objectives Policies in sensitive areas in sensitive relating to vibration to relating 13.2.4.1 Importance 13.2.4.1 an important function performs that equipment Any to is considered vibration to is sensitive and/or this equipment in which The areas be important. high Very a allocated therefore are is located equipment such of Examples value. functional as telescopes, equipment such optical include: or equipment operated microscopes; electron high beams; particle or optical laser, by controlled the equipment for machines; sensitivity weighing and major devices storage data of manufacture or sound and broadcasting installations; computer such have may that Premises equipment. recording private premises; industrial equipment include: research educational and public health facilities; installations. and telecommunications facilities; been undertaken by have initiatives Consultation in this regard. receptors identify sensitive to RPA or cultural architectural archaeological, Historic, be important to and considered are features in the described in detail this type are of features and Cultural Heritage Architectural Archaeology, 23). Chapter 1, Volume this EIS ( of chapter Heritage as vibration to as sensitive not Human beings are as being very recognised are equipment but they areas, The importance residential of important. where areas other and any facilities health care sensitive out other or carry individuals sleep be important to in this is recognised activities been these landuses have this reason, For regard. value. high functional Very a allocated 13.2.4 Baseline categorisation criteria 13.2.4 Baseline categorisation involves the baseline environment of Categorisation to values’ ‘functional overall of the allocation The functional area. within the study areas discreet to with reference is determined the area value of and the area of ‘sensitivity’ and ‘importance’ the on impact that effects’ adverse ‘existing also any in is explained terms these three of Each the area. in this section. detail - - - Information required Information - Table 13.2 Baseline data data 13.2 Baseline Table
Chapter 13 High levels of vibration may occur in buildings, 13.2.4.3 Existing adverse effects particularly dwellings, due to human activity such as footfalls and door slams. In many cases this vibration Adverse effects may potentially exist in the vicinity is under the control of the occupier and this reduces of traffic calming devices (e.g. speed bumps). the level of annoyance experienced and extent of These devices may result in vibration due to the adverse effect. In some cases, building damage passage of vehicles and this vibration may occur at such as cracks in plaster may be caused by existing levels that are perceptible and possibly annoying vibration from these sources. This type of baseline in nearby dwellings. There are a small number of vibration is unpredictable and typically occurs for locations where existing railways are close enough very short durations. It cannot therefore be taken to the proposed alignment to potentially cause into account in the baseline evaluation. measurable background vibration including at Drumcondra, Royal Canal, O’Connell Street and St. Stephen’s Green. Baseline monitoring of existing 13.2.4.4 Functional value vibration levels has been carried out in sample ‘worst-case scenario’ locations within the study The functional value of the baseline environment is area. The results of this monitoring have been taken evaluated by means of a number of specific criteria into consideration and are presented in Section 13.3. to take into account the importance and sensitivity of different features of the environment. The criteria Short-term adverse effects may also occur from that have been defined are described in Table 13.3. time to time in proximity to any major construction sites due to the use of vibrating equipment on- Categories (IV) High and (I) Low are not used in the site. It is not possible to predict where third party categorisation of baseline vibration because the construction sites may be located when the level and precision of data available with respect proposed scheme is being constructed so this to vibration sensitivity and existing vibration levels factor cannot be taken into account in this in Dublin does not facilitate that categorisation of baseline categorisation. the baseline into five categories. The use of three categories is deemed to be sufficient to allow for appropriate assessment of this baseline.
Table 13.3 Criteria for baseline categorisation Criteria Functional value - Museums (only if they have extremely sensitive artefacts/manuscripts/materials Very high that are not protected against vibration); (V) - Any facility which has vibration-sensitive equipment on the premises; - Any area where people are sleeping e.g. residential areas including halting sites, private/public health facilities, Mountjoy prison etc; - Concert halls and theatres. - Not applicable. High (IV)
- Art galleries, schools, colleges, lecture halls Medium (other than those that have vibration sensitive equipment); (III)
- Museums (other than those that have extremely fragile artefacts/manuscripts/ materials that are not protected against vibration); - Churches religious landuses; - Residential landuses with commercial /retail and/or office uses (i.e. mixed uses with a residential component);
- Areas of Dublin Airport where equipment of medium sensitivity to vibration is used; - Water bodies/features containing fish. - Not applicable. Low (II)
- Recreational areas; Very low - Agricultural landuses and open green areas; (I)
Page 234 - Areas of employment; - Purpose built facilities such as large retail outlets; - Water bodies/features that do not contain fish.
The results of the baseline categorisation in terms Human Beings: Vibration of functional value are shown in Table 13.4 and 13.3.1.4 Southern boundary illustrated on maps (Baseline Vibration) included of Dublin Airport Zone to M50 in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. This area primarily comprises open spaces that are used for agriculture. These are considered to be of Very low functional value. Existing levels 13.3 Description and categorisation of vibration are believed to be below the level of of the baseline environment human perceptibility.
13.3.1 Description of the baseline environment 13.3.1.5 M50 to the Royal Canal All of the residential landuses within this part of 13.3.1.1 Belinstown to Estuary Roundabout the study area are considered to be of Very high In general this area is considered to be of Very functional value with high sensitivity to vibration. low functional value because it largely consists These include residential landuses around of open green spaces and agricultural landuses. Ballymun, Drumcondra and Mountjoy, Educational The residential dwellings are all allocated a Very and community landuses are considered to be high functional value. The Emmaus Retreat and sensitive to vibration. The area around St. Patrick’s Conference Centre is considered to be highly College is considered to be of Very high functional sensitive to vibration due to the nature of the value because it is used for educational purposes activities taking place on the grounds. Existing and for student residents. Hampstead Private vibration in this area is believed to be very low and Hospital and Elmhurst Convelescent Home are is not likely to be perceptible to human beings. considered to be highly sensitive. Low levels of existing vibration are likely to exist in 13.3.1.2 Estuary Roundabout to the northern many locations within this part of the study area. boundary of the Dublin Airport Zone Examples include areas where traffic calming devices have been installed and the railway at Large, established residential areas include Drumcondra. Vibration from these sources is Lissenhall, Seatown, Swords, Fosterstown and unlikely to be perceptible to human beings. Nevinstown. Two halting sites also exist. These landuses are considered to be of Very high Around Clonliffe College Estate/Holy Cross College functional value and are very sensitive to vibration. is considered to be of Very high functional value A number of schools and other educational because landuse in the area is dominated by facilities are present. These are considered to be educational, religious and amenity uses. sensitive to vibration because of the nature of the activities carried out. 13.3.1.6 The Royal Canal to St. Stephen’s Green Other highly sensitive receptors include the Tara Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, the Mater Winthrop Private Clinic (Nursing home), and the Private Hospital and the Rotunda Hospital are Kilronan House and Equestrian Centre. located in this area. These facilities are considered Industrial and business premises are also present. to be of Very high functional value because of These have a Very low functional value because the highly sensitive equipment that is used on- human beings are only present for relatively short site. All of this equipment is designed so as to be periods of time. The activities that are being carried capable of withstanding specific thresholds of out are often not highly sensitive to vibration. low-level vibration. If this threshold is exceeded, Swords Business Park and the Airside Business vibration can be expected to have a detrimental and Retail Parks are not considered to be very effect on the functionality of the equipment. Areas sensitive to vibration. Some low-level, localised surrounding the hospital are considered to be of vibration may exist due activities that are carried Very high functional value because of the fact that out in individual business units. However, existing a significant proportion of the landuse consists of vibration is believed to be very low and is not likely residential landuses. to be perceptible to human beings. All educational, institutional and community facilities are considered to be of Very high 13.3.1.3 Dublin Airport Zone functional value. An example of this is Trinity College, which is an important educational facility. The residential areas and the hotels included within this section are sensitive to structure- radiated noise and vibration. Existing baseline vibration occurs as induced vibration of lightweight structures due to aircraft noise. Page 235 Chapter 13 To the south of the Ambassador Theatre, the Existing baseline vibration is limited to effects of functional value tends to decrease to low and road traffic, which is normally only significant when very low because of the dominance of commercial there are deformities in the paving. Some existing, premises that are not considered to be very baseline vibration may exist in the vicinity of the sensitive to vibration. Accommodation above retail Luas Red and Green Lines. and commercial premises is common and these landuses are considered to be very sensitive to 13.3.2 Categorisation of baseline environment vibration. The hotels and hostels in the vicinity of O’Connell Street and Grafton Street are considered The results of the baseline categorisation to be very sensitive to vibration and structure- are summarised in Table 13.4. radiated noise. The Gaiety Theatre and Gate Theatre are also located within 100m of the central line of the proposed alignment. These theatres are considered of very high sensitivity and have been allocated a Very high functional value.
Table 13.4 Baseline categorisation Area Summary description Functional value MN101 - Primarily consists of open, agricultural land (I) of Very low functional value.
- Exceptions to this include a small number of residential areas. (V) These areas have a Very high functional value.
MN102 - Primarily consists of areas of Very high and Very low functional value (IV) & (I) because of the fact that a number of residential areas exist and dominate commercial premises and industrial uses are also present.
MN103 - Most areas within the Dublin Airport Zone are of Low functional value. (III)
- Some sensitive equipment may be present on this premises and this (III) equipment is of Medium functional value. - The halting sites in this area are considered to be (V) of High functional value.
MN104 - Dominated by agricultural uses which are considered (I) to be of Very low functional value.
- Some residential areas of High functional value. (V) MN105 - Dominated by residential, educational, institutional or community (V) dominates landuses of Very high functional value. (III) & (I) are also applicable - Areas of Medium and Very low functional value are also present. MN106 - This area is dominated by established residential landuses (V) that are all considered to be of Very high functional value.
- Mater Hospital and nearby medical facilities are located in this area and are considered to be of High functional value in light of the fact that sensitive equipment may be used on the premises.
- Recreational areas such Albert College Park and St. Patrick’s College (III) playing fields occur in this area and are of Low functional value.
MN107 - The northern part of this area is dominated by residential landuses (V) of High functional value.
- Rotunda Hospital and Trinity college are also located in this area and are considered to be of High functional value in light of the fact that sensitive equipment may be used on the premises.
- Moving south, areas of Medium and Low functional value become (II) more common and include commercial landuses and recreational areas such as St. Stephen’s Green. Page 236 Human Beings: Radiation and Stray Current t : t t y a eings
a n n a y current
Introductio Baseline categorisationmethodolog Introductio Study are Baseline dat criteri Baseline categorisation the baseline environmen and categorisationof Description the baseline environmen of Description the baseline environmen of Categorisation B uman and adiation 14.1 14.2 14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3 14.2.4 14.3 14.3.1 14.3.2 H R stra 14 Human Beings: Radiation and Stray Current
Section 39(2)(b) of the Railway Infrastructure Act, 2001 specifies that an environmental impact statement must contain a description of the aspects of the environment that are likely to be significantly affected by the proposed scheme. This chapter describes and evaluates the existing environment with respect to radiation and stray current.
Stray currents can arise when electric current 14.1 Introduction leaves the normal path and leak from the principal conductors in an uncontrolled and inevitably costly Radiation, in this context, comprises nuclear manner. Direct Current (DC) rail traction systems radiation and electromagnetic radiation. Any (including trams) are particularly susceptible to potential issues relating to radon gas are addressed stray current when the infrastructure is of poor in the Soils and Geology chapters of the EIS. quality. Currents in the ground will search for paths Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) relates to the of least resistance in the same way that lightning ability of different electromagnetic (EM) devices does, usually through structures and underground to function properly when they are situated in the services. The consequence of such activity is same environment i.e. it relates to the compatibility corrosion, and then replacement. between different devices. Electromagnetic devices A number of national, regional and local planning can generate and propagate electromagnetic and policy documents were reviewed to ascertain energy thus causing EMI. Devices can also if the documents contain any plans, policies receive or be affected by interference generated or objectives relating to EMI and radiation. and propagated by other devices in the same The following documents have been reviewed: environment. If an EM device is not compatible with other devices in the same environment, EMI - Fingal County Development Plan 2005-2011; can lead to the device not functioning properly. - Airport Local Area Plan (2006); This chapter has been prepared to set out the considerations that have been made to ensure - Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011; electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between the - Masterplan for the new Ballymun, electromagnetic devices proposed in the scheme (1998 (as amended)). and the existing electromagnetic environment along the proposed transport corridor. None of these documents specify any relevant policies, plans or objectives in relation to radiation
or stray current. Page 239
Data source Data maps Baseline Landuse Chapter for prepared Landuse Human Beings: 2007) (RPA, maps Utilities Ireland Survey Ordnance series Discovery (OSI) Dublin maps of to Responses issued questionnaires sensitive to RPA by within stakeholders 100m line of the centre of alignment the proposed Table 14.2 Baseline data data 14.2 Baseline Table required Information landuses Sensitive Specific sensitive receptors criteria 14.2.4 Baseline categorisation involves the baseline environment of Categorisation to values’ ‘functional overall of the allocation The functional area. within the study areas discreet to with reference is determined the area value of and the area of ‘sensitivity’ and ‘importance’ the these of All and railways. individuals on roads of be very to considered equipment are types of potentially could important their failure because on human health effect detrimental a have and the environment. on telecommunication an effect also have EMI may computer (CRT) Tube Ray Cathode cables, equipment. and telecommunications screens used typically are equipment These types of within Dublin areas facilities, educational by and some industries. facilities health airport, by also be affected may substations Electrical an important and are radiation electromagnetic These the city. of part the basic infrastructure of important considered equipment are types of on them on a day-to- individuals depend because depends on the their livelihood basis and often day and in a reliable its function equipment performing manner. dependable as well as any ‘existing adverse effects’ that impact impact that effects’ adverse ‘existing as any as well is explained terms these three of Each on the area. in this section. in detail Importance 14.2.4.1 medical equipment affect EMI can potentially equipment (such navigational hospitals, used at equipment) used and communications as radios and aircraft individuals on of the safety ensure to the safety ensure signalling equipment used to
Width of study study Width of sides both (on area the alignment) of 100m
y categorisation aseline
B methodolog A desktop study of existing available data; data; available existing of study A desktop Consultation with relevant stakeholders stakeholders with relevant Consultation to identify sensitive receptors. identify sensitive to 14.2.3 Baseline data the baseline compile used to The data 14.2. Table in is shown this chapter for Aspect of landuses Identification and/ sensitive where sensitive or highly equipment is used - 14.2 14.2 Introduction 14.2.1 includes: evaluation The baseline - EMI is highly unlikely to have any impact on even on even impact any have to unlikely EMI is highly equipment. sensitive the most appliances household ‘normal’ of Disruption of strengths field when magnetic occurs usually sensitive very However, present. are or more 10 µT equipment as electronic/laser equipment such strengths field if the magnetic be affected may as the such schemes For µT. than 0.16 greater are current, stray in the absence of scheme, proposed at persist do not µT of 0.16 strengths field magnetic Stray than 100m more of distances the track. from and minimised via technical is generally current Therefore during construction. mitigation structural 100m to is limited area the study the either side of alignment. track Study area 14.1 Table 14.2.2 Study area is described in this chapter for area The study with distance quickly very EMI decreases 14.1. Table of based on the square a ratio at the source from and the receptor. the source between the distance than 100m, more of distances at Consequently,
Chapter 14 Page 240
Sensitive electrical equipment that is used at home Human Beings: Radiation and Stray Current is also considered important to a certain extent e.g. 14.2.4.3 Existing adverse effects old televisions with valves. Scientific instruments Significant areas adversely impacted by existing such as electronic microscopes and particle electromagnetic radiation or stray current are accelerators are also considered to be sensitive. unlikely to exist within the study area because Ground embedded metal structures, such as electromagnetic radiation and stray current from pipes, rails, metal shielded cables and other developments has been regulated for a number of metal structures may be affected by stray current. years. Existing adverse effects within the study area Electrochemical corrosion may occur and in the are not therefore significant and are not discussed long-term this may have implications in terms any further. of safety and/or environmental risks. Damage to infrastructure of economic value may also occur 14.2.4.4 Functional value e.g. to utilities, large steel and reinforced concrete bridges/tunnels. High risk utilities, installations or The functional value of the baseline environment is facilities are considered to be very important and evaluated by means of a number of specific criteria impact on these must be avoided. to take into account the importance and sensitivity of different features of the environment. The criteria that have been defined are described in Table 14.2.4.2 Sensitivity 14.3.and Table 14.4. All of the equipment that is described above (e.g. hospital, navigational, signalling and telecommunications equipment) is considered to be sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. It is assumed that all equipment within the study area is designed according to the standards of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and therefore no exceptional cases of sensitivity exist. Sensitive equipment used by industry is often provided with protection against electromagnetic radiation because a number of items of equipment are often operated in one location. If the equipment has been provided with protection, then it is less sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. Electrical substations are also typically protected from electromagnetic radiation and therefore are not very sensitive. Ground embedded metal structures, such as pipes, metal shielded cables and other metal structures are also considered to be sensitive to stray current. Some utilities are insulated, e.g. by plastic shielding and therefore are less sensitive to stray current. Measures are often in place to protect important infrastructure such as large pipelines and industrial structures from stray current e.g. cathodic protection against corrosion. These types of receptors are therefore also less sensitive to stray current. Page 241 Chapter 14
Table 14.3 Criteria for baseline categorisation with respect to electromagnetic fields Criteria Functional value Any facilities that have highly sensitive and very important equipment Very high (V) on the premises on a permanent basis: Public/private health facilities; Areas of Dublin Airport where sensitive safety equipment is located; Public/private scientific/research institutes. Not applicable High (IV) Any facilities that have sensitive and important equipment on the premises Medium (III) on a permanent basis: Universities, schools, colleges, lecture halls; Office uses; All areas of Dublin Airport with sensitive equipment that does not perform a safety function; Industries with sensitive equipment. Any facilities that have sensitive equipment on the premises on a permanent basis: Low (II) Residential landuses; Mixed units with a residential component; Electricity substations with earthing equipment. All other areas. Very low (I)
Table 14.4 Criteria for baseline categorisation with respect to stray current Evaluation criteria for stray current Functional value Any ground embedded metal shielded facility which has a high requirement Very high (V) for safety, e.g. high pressure gas or water pipes; Ground embedded fuel tanks e.g. at petrol stations; Chemical industry installations. Not applicable. High (IV) Prestressed reinforcement of tunnels, bridges or port structures Medium (III) other than the proposed scheme structures; Any ground embedded metal shielded facility which has a medium requirement of safety, e.g. low pressure gas or water pipes, heating pipes; Metal shielded cables. Other reinforced structures parallel to the alignment with a minimum length of Low (II) 100m and a possible connection to the return current system of the proposed scheme. Industrial facilities with large metal structures; Very low (I) All other areas.
The results of the baseline categorisation in terms of functional value are shown in Table 14.5. Page 242 Human Beings: Radiation and Stray Current
14.3 Description and categorisation 14.3.1.4 The southern boundary of the baseline environment of Dublin Airport to Northwood This area is dominated by areas of Low functional 14.3.1 Description of the baseline environment value e.g. open green spaces (such as sports grounds of Cumann Parnell and parts of Sillogue Golf Course and Sillogue Park) as well as the 14.3.1.1 Belinstown to the Airside Business Park National Car Test Centre. Some limited areas This area is dominated by open greenfield areas of residential landuse of Medium functional where sensitive receptors are very rare. These areas value exist. are considered to be of Very low functional value. A number of high and medium voltage cables, water Some residential areas of Low functional value pipes and telecommunication cables are found in exist between Estuary and Malahide Roundabout. this area. These utilities supply the local area and A school is located on the west of the alignment are of Medium functional value. to the south of Seatown Roundabout and has a Medium functional value. Houses in these areas are likely to have televisions and other equipment of 14.3.1.5 Northwood to Albert College Park low sensitivity. The Airside Business Park contains This area is dominated by residential areas of a number of office landuses and these areas have Medium functional value. A number of schools Medium functional value. All schools in this area are also located on either side of Ballymun Road are of Medium functional value. and these schools all have a Medium functional A number of high and medium voltage cables, water value. A clinic is also located in the Civic Centre on pipes and telecommunication cables are found in Ballymun Road to the east of the alignment. For the this area. These utilities supply the local area and purpose of this assessment, this clinic is assumed are of Medium functional value. to have sensitive equipment and therefore has been allocated a Very high functional value. An electricity station is also shown on the utilities drawings for 14.3.1.2 The Airside Business Park this area. This station is of Low functional value. to the northern boundary of Dublin Airport A number of high and medium voltage cables, water This area is dominated by open green spaces of pipes and telecommunication cables are found in Very low functional value used for agriculture this area. These utilities supply the local area and and recreation e.g. Forrest Little Golf Course. The are of Medium functional value. Airside Retail Park is also located in this area and is considered to be of Low functional value because sensitive equipment is not thought to be used in 14.3.1.6 Albert College Park to the Mater Hospital this area. To the south of the retail park is the Tara This area is dominated by residential areas of Winthrop private health clinic, which is of Very high Medium functional value. Corpus Christi Girls functional value. A number of residential areas of National School on Home Farm Road, St. Patrick’s Low functional value are also located in this section College and the schools on the grounds of the including residential areas in the vicinity of Pinnock college are also located in this area and both of Hill Roundabout and Kilronan Equestrian centre, these facilities are of Medium functional value. which is of Low functional value. The Mater Hospital is located in this area and A number of high and medium voltage cables, water consultation with the hospital (public and private) pipes and telecommunication cables are found in has indicated that sensitive equipment is used on this area. These utilities supply the local area and the premises. This area is therefore considered to are of Medium functional value. have a Very high functional value. A number of high and medium voltage cables, water 14.3.1.3 Dublin Airport Zone pipes and telecommunication cables are found in this area. These utilities supply the local area and This area is dominated by open green spaces are of Medium functional value. and airport landuses. Consultation with Dublin Airport has indicated that the airport has sensitive equipment on the premises and therefore part of this area has been allocated a Very high functional value. A number of high and medium voltage cables, water pipes and telecommunication cables are found in this area. These utilities supply the local area and are of Medium functional value. The underground fuel tanks at Dublin Airport are considered to be of
Very high functional value. Page 243
A number of high and medium voltage cables, water water cables, voltage and medium high of A number in found are cables and telecommunication pipes and area local the supply These utilities this area. value. Medium functional of are baseline environment the of 14.3.2 Categorisation are baseline categorisation the of The results 14.5. Table in shown
14.3.1.7 Mater Hospital to St. Stephen’s Green Stephen’s St. to Hospital Mater 14.3.1.7 Hospital Mater the of the south to The area Medium of areas residential by is dominated area study the south, Moving value. functional low Very of landuses and commercial changes To common. become more value functional schools two Hospital, the Mater of the south sides of on opposite located are and a college this is Rotunda the south of To the alignment. absence of In the Hospital and Hari Clinic. sensitive of upon the location information detailed a been allocated have the premises equipment, of the southeast To value. high functional Very Street on Marlborough is located DIT Rotunda, To value. functional Medium is of and this college to is located College Trinity the Liffey, the south of with this Consultation the alignment. of the east equipment sensitive that has indicated college has therefore This area is used on the premises. high. Very value of a functional been allocated to is also located Surgeons of College The Royal of The presence Green. Stephen’s St. of the west has not equipment on these premises sensitive of this information, In the absence been confirmed. high Very a been allocated have the premises Liffey River the between The area value. functional by dominated is otherwise Green Stephen’s and St. value. functional Low landuses of commercial
Chapter 14 Page 244 Human Beings: Radiation and Stray Current Page 245
(III) (III) (V) (III) (III) (III) (III) (III) Functional value value Functional to with respect current stray (I) (III) (I) (I) (III) (V) (I) (V) (III) (I) (III) (III) (V) (II) (III) (V) (V) (II) (I) (V) (V) value Functional to with respect EM fields
Dominated by open green areas areas open green by Dominated landuses and office Some residential cables) Utilities (pipes and Dominated by open green areas areas open green by Dominated landuses Some commercial areas Some residential health clinic private Winthrop Tara cables) Utilities (pipes and areas open green by Dominated safety Dublin Airport of where Some areas equipment is used Dublin Airport of where Some areas equipment is used sensitive other Dublin Airport at tanks fuel Underground Utilities (pipes and cables) Dominated by open green areas areas open green by Dominated areas residential Some limited Utilities (pipes and cables) areas residential by Dominated facilities educational with a number of A health clinic Utilities (pipes and cables) areas residential by Dominated facilities educational with a number of Irish Rail signalling equipment Hospital Mater Utilities (pipes and cables) common in this area are areas Residential common very are premises Commercial this area the south of to Hospital and Mater Rotunda Surgeons of College and the Royal College Trinity Utilities (pipes and cables) Summary description Summary Area Table 14.5 Baseline categorisation 14.5 Baseline Table MN101 MN102 MN103 MN104 MN105 MN106 MN107
Human Beings: Traffic :
eings
alignment for the 2006 baseline scenario alignment for Baseline categorisation methodology Baseline categorisation Introduction Study area Baseline data criteria Baseline categorisation environment the baseline of Description transport infrastructure Key the of areas the seven of Description Introduction B uman raffic 15.2 15.2.1 15.2.2 15.2.3 15.2.4 15.3 15.3.1 15.3.2 H T 15.1 15 Human Beings: Traffic Page 249
y categorisation aseline development of mitigation measures; measures; mitigation of development impacts residual or predicted of identification data collection; collection; data impacts; of prediction for the construction and operational stages. and operational the construction for
- - 15.2 B methodolog Introduction 15.12.1 the methodology used to presents This section well As environment. assess the baseline traffic with guidance EPA as considering the relevant the scope and 2003), 2002, EISs (EPA, to respect the baseline assessment has methodology for the Environmental to with reference been devised the UK Department of Assessment volume of Bridges and Roads Design Manual for Transport’s comprehensive offers which 11, Volume (DRMB), major road assessment of the staged advice for of The DMRB outlines the sequence schemes. of in the classification be followed assessment to namely: traffic, pedestrian and vehicular on impacts - -
(1998 (as amended)). (1998 (as amended)). Dublin Airport LAP (Masterplan) (2006); (2006); (Masterplan) Dublin Airport LAP Ballymun the new for Masterplan Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011; Plan 2005-2011; Dublin City Development Plan (LAP); Area North Local Ballymun Transport 21; Transport Plan 2005-2011; Fingal County Development in the Planning and Policy Context chapter chapter Context in the Planning and Policy 4). Chapter 1, this EIS (Volume of The results of this review are detailed detailed are this review of The results ------existing traffic environment in the area of in the area environment traffic existing scheme. the proposed a number of compiling this chapter, Prior to planning and policy and local regional national, ascertain to if the reviewed documents were policies or objectives plans, documents contain any documents have following The traffic. to relating been reviewed: This chapter describes and evaluates the the describes and evaluates This chapter 15.1 Introduction 15.1 respect of traffic. of respect been prepared in order to fulfil this requirement in requirement this fulfil to order in prepared been affected by the proposed scheme. This chapter has has chapter This scheme. proposed the by affected of the environment that are likely to be significantly significantly be to likely are that environment the of statement must contain a description of the aspects aspects the of a description contain must statement 2001 specifies that an environmental impact impact environmental an that specifies 2001 Section 39(2)(b) of the Railway Infrastructure Act, Act, Infrastructure Railway the of 39(2)(b) Section
A Metro North Traffic Model (MNTM) was developed was developed (MNTM) Model Traffic North A Metro area. study the within traffic existing assess to the Dublin from developed was The MNTM As (DTOTM). Model Traffic Office Transportation will have scheme the proposed above, mentioned The impacts. traffic and localised strategic both this for this and, considers approach assessment transport is a multi-modal the DTOTM reason mechanised models all modes of model that cars, (i.e. Dublin Area Greater transport within the heavy buses, vehicles, goods heavy vehicles, light models strategic The DTOTM rail). and light rail on a city well very patterns travel transportation are and junctions major roads All wide level. including motorways, within the model, represented roads secondary national primary roads, national Dublin Area. within the Greater roads and regional is the DTOTM model, being a strategic However, behaviour modelling travel for suited ideally not this For level. local on a detailed and patterns in terms further enhanced was the DTOTM reason the along and landuse representation network of This enhanced scheme. the proposed alignment of model. model is the MNTM traffic hour morning peak a three represents The DTOTM (14.00- Period and an Off-Peak period (07.00-10.00) the same represents therefore, The MNTM, 15.00). The AM peak period time periods as the DTOTM. the traffic the basis for and Off-peak period form scheme. the proposed assessment of impact further to also developed models were other Two of the proposed impact the traffic assess in detail (Micro-simulation) Vissim A City Centre scheme. for Vissim Model (SVM) and a Swords Model (CCVM) Vissim model was A also developed. the R132 were the complexity due to the City Centre for developed A Swords environment. the multi modal traffic of a full enable to also developed Vissim model was issues traffic the operational of understanding along reconfigurations with junction associated the of during the construction the R132, scheme. proposed is a one hour AM peak model (08:00The CCVM and the MNTM are The CCVM 09:00hrs). to the baseline can be used so that interdependent from (as determined impacts assess strategic to CCVM).The (from impacts MNTM) and the local LUAS using an existing has been developed CCVM the city centre. Vissim model for BX Line
General traffic (cars, taxis, LGVs, HGVs) HGVs) LGVs, taxis, (cars, traffic General Rail; and Heavy Light and cyclists. Pedestrians and buses;
- - - 15.2.3 Baseline data for assess baseline traffic accurately If one is to scheme as the proposed as extensive a scheme traffic comprehensive it is important develop to The for purpose’. ‘fit are that modelling tools in 18km is approximately scheme proposed of number a large penetrates and therefore length environments. receiving different with very areas the existing of vary in terms These environments existing and the movements traffic of concentration pedestrians, cars, (i.e. traffic that up of make models with traffic A number of buses etc.). cyclists, been therefore have sophistication of varying levels within levels assess baseline traffic to developed been developed These models have area. the study for conditions the baseline traffic that ensure to accurately, represented modes are mechanised of the proposed impact the traffic allowing thereby manner. in a robust be tested to scheme the describe to is chapter this of focus The The scenarios. the to pertaining conditions Do the for and year base the for conditions traffic Descriptions detailed. are years forecast Minimum that of usage and provision infrastructural both of for transport of modes different by infrastructure chapter, This discussed. are scenario baseline the modes: following the to reference includes therefore, 15.2.2 Study area 15.2.2 scheme, the proposed of and length the scale Given of the impact assess to required area the study proposed The in size. extensive is a scheme such localised and a strategic both will have scheme area encompasses an area study The impact. traffic the proposed either side of 2km approximately of included (Traffic) on maps alignment as illustrated 2. Book 1 of 3, Volume in
Chapter 15 Page 250 Human Beings: Traffic Page 251
A number of developments are planned for planned for are developments A number of significant two are there Within the city centre Swords is earmarked for general development, development, general for earmarked is Swords Plan makes Area The Dublin Airport Local between located The Santry Demesne Parkland, Council and Fingal County Pleanála An Bord Other future developments: Some of the of Some developments: future Other the Phibsboro/ Drumcondra area including area Drumcondra the Phibsboro/ Dalymount site, Smurfit printwork the former and the Prison site Mountjoy the Old Park, These Hospital. Mater the existing of extension commercial, include residential, developments uses; social and hotel retail, the Arnotts retail of the expansion proposals; the former of and the redevelopment store Cinema site. Carlton to provide for a much-expanded civic, cultural, cultural, civic, much-expanded a for provide to a at base employment and commercial retail, town; County major vibrant a for appropriate level 2 by Terminal of the development for provision at in patronage the increase for cater To 2009. parking car will be increased there this airport, and cycle pedestrian improved facilities, and enhanced bus services; facilities the the south of the R108 and R132 and to as a mixed being developed M50 is currently use development; an build to Ikea permission to granted have the of the southwest to on 12.6 hectares outlet Car parking will be interchange. M50 Ballymun accessible wheelchair as will a fully provided and the development bus service between will undergo which Centre, Town Ballymun years; the coming over significant development developments have been granted planning planning been granted have developments stages in the early are others whilst permission, of objective comprise strategic planning or of plan. development the current ------The data used to build the baseline models build used to The data 15.1. Table in is shown A summary of significant planned developments developments significant planned of A summary the the alignment of along account into taken are: scheme proposed
The bus interchange proposed at Strand Street, Street, Strand at proposed The bus interchange The schemes: infrastructural Transport Schemes to enhance the Quality Bus Network enhance the Quality Bus Network to Schemes Infrastructure developments included in developments Infrastructure Changes in do-minimum landuse Changes 2014 (forecast opening operation year); year); opening operation 2014 (forecast year). operation horizon 2029 (forecast 2011 (forecast construction year); construction 2011 (forecast in the future. in the future. schemes that are included are those for which which those for included are are that schemes the or where has been committed, funding the that has indicated authority local relevant a certain at point will be completed scheme adjacent to the Jervis Street Luas stop. Jervis Street the adjacent to Line C1 and B1 and future Luas lines (BX, D Luas lines (BX, C1 and B1 and future Line and services; rail heavy to upgrades and F); the M50 of including upgrading schemes road Transport 21, in the case of Luas projects and Luas projects in the case of 21, Transport have they models within which year the future include Luas extensions been incorporated, characteristics and associated trip demand. trip demand. and associated characteristics based on population This is estimated and employment forecasts given in the given forecasts and employment Planning Guidelines population Regional forecasts and employment - - - - - The following list summarises the developments summarises the developments list The following account when modelling into been taken have that scenarios: the do minimum future - - - The SVM has been developed for the R132 corridor corridor the R132 for developed has been The SVM from extends area model The corridor in Swords. north in the to Interchange the M1/Lissenhall the R132 in the on Park retail Airside south of AM peak model is a one hour The SVM south. and the MNTM are SVM The (08:00 09:00hrs). to (as impacts strategic the so that interdependent impacts and the local MNTM) from determined appreciated. fully are SVM) (from all been validated have and SVM CCVM The MNTM, chosen was This year 2006. of a baseline year to the traffic of the development for Year as the Base that to rebased was the DTOTM models because available quantity of a large was there and year year. for that data survey traffic been also have models Scenario Future Minimum Do future the represent scenarios These developed. the without exist will which conditions traffic year(s) represent therefore They place. in scheme proposed purpose The scenarios. Minimum Do year future the is information traffic do-minimum preparing of to order in comparison for baseline a provide to scheme proposed the of impact traffic the estimate future Minimum Do following The years. future in developed: been have years
Pedestrian counts undertaken at various stages various stages counts undertaken at Pedestrian Consultation with: Consultation Council; Dublin City Council; Fingal County Office. Transportation the Dublin assessments On-site surveys traffic of set Comprehensive the DTO commissioned by time surveys Journey between Spring 2005 and Autumn 2007 Spring 2005 and Autumn between undertaken during 2005 and 2006. A list of the of A list undertaken during 2005 and 2006. undertaken were counts traffic where junctions 2. Book 2 of 3, Volume I, in Annex is provided and the city centre into routes radial several for in 2004. orbital routes other The R108/Ballymun Road between the M50 and between Road The R108/Ballymun The M50 motorway acts as an orbital motorway motorway as an orbital acts The M50 motorway is a 5.6km two-lane Tunnel The Dublin Port Griffith Avenue, has two lanes plus either a hard lanes plus either a hard has two Avenue, Griffith direction. in each or a bus lane shoulder for Dublin, linking all national primary routes routes primary linking all national Dublin, for It is currently radials. other and a number of the motorway however motorway, a two-lane provide to being upgraded is currently the capacity through greater substantially tolling flow a free lanes, traffic extra of addition a number of of and the provision mechanism interchange The M1/M50 junctions. free-flow facilitating interchange be a free-flow is to the M1 between movement unrestrained Dublin to Whitehall linking the M1 at motorway the tunnel is of The primary function Port. the city trips from HGV through remove to was this objective of The achievement centre. a ban of the introduction following reinforced in February in Dublin city centre HGVs on 5-axle using the tunnel, for tolled not are HGVs 2006. on a varying tolled is traffic general whereas day. depending on the time of level and the M50. and the M50. Data source Data ------
the
the inter-peak hour (2PM to 3PM) flow. 3PM) flow. hour (2PM to the inter-peak The M1 motorway to the east of Swords town town Swords of the east to The M1 motorway in a north-southThe R132 runs direction Data relating to pedestrian, cycle and bus cycle pedestrian, to relating Data and to calibrate necessary surveys Traffic the city centre the MNTM and also validate Vissim models. R132 and Swords 9AM)Morning (8AM to peak hour and flow area. within the study activity Baseline pedestrian Identification of future year highway networks networks year highway future of Identification year landuses in the future of Identification network, highway the current to related Data the MNTM along refine used to was This data Guidance with respect to the development of the of the development to with respect Guidance the corridor of the scheme. the scheme. of the corridor centre is a motorway linking Dublin and is a motorway centre and lane motorway It is a two cities. Belfast the north to of Lissenhall at has interchanges Swords. the south of and Drynam to Swords the Lissenhall the M1 through to parallel the to Swords, of the centre of east Interchange, before Santry, Dublin Airport of east and through with the N1/ the interchange at terminating QBC Swords Shantalla Road. at Road Swords of availing the R132, along bus services operate of to the south of bus priority levels significant the Malahide Roundabout. banned turns, junction priority and signal priority junction banned turns, vicinity of the proposed scheme. the proposed vicinity of arrangements, junction including detailed phase timings etc. assess the baseline - used to facilities operating these modes. scenario for Metro North Transport Model (MNTM) and other (MNTM) and other Model Transport North Metro scheme; the proposed assessing models for scheme; the proposed along
- - environment baseline transport infrastructure Key 15.3.1 within infrastructure transport Key are: area the study of 15.3 Description ------Table 15.1 Baseline data Baseline 15.1 Table required Information - 15.2.4 Baseline categorisation criteria 15.2.4 Baseline categorisation impact the environmental of elements other Unlike air and bio-diversity, as water, such assessment, it Therefore resource. an environmental is not traffic the of out categorisation carry to appropriate is not based on the importance and baseline environment areas in specific traffic sensitivity of
Chapter 15 Page 252 - The N2 is a national primary road linking - The DART line connects Howth and Malahide in Human Beings: Traffic Dublin and Derry. To the south of the M50, up to the north with Bray and Greystones in the south. Mellowes Roundabout the N2 has two lanes of The city centre DART stations, closest to the traffic plus a bus lane in each direction. South proposed scheme’s stops, are Connolly station, of here the N2 has one traffic lane and a bus Tara Street station and Pearse Street station. lane in each direction. Finglas QBC bus services - The Luas Green Line links Sandyford in south operate from the City Centre along the N2, to Dublin to Dublin city centre, terminating at St. the south of Finglas Village. Stephens Green. Light rail services currently - Collins Avenue Extension and Glasnevin Avenue operate at 4-minute headways during peak run in an east-west direction and provide for periods. The line is currently being extended orbital trips between Dublin City’s northern from Sandyford to Cherrywood. The existing suburbs such as Finglas, Glasnevin, Whitehall Green Line alignment terminates at St. and Donnycarney. The roads have one lane of Stephens Green, adjacent to the most southerly traffic in each direction, with localised widening the proposed scheme’s stop. on the approach to major junctions such as - The Luas Red Line links Tallaght in west Dublin Ballymun Road. to Dublin city centre, terminating at Connolly - Griffith Avenue is located approximately station. Light rail services currently operate at 1km to the south of Collins Avenue and has 5-minute headways during peak periods. The a similar traffic carrying function and capacity line is currently being extended from Connolly as Collins Avenue. station to the Point Depot. The existing Red Line alignment intersects with the alignment of the - Swords Road, Drumcondra Road and Dorset proposed scheme at O’Connell Street. Street represent a southern extension of the M1 through the north city. Its alignment varies significantly along its length, however the road 15.3.2 Description of the seven areas of the
carries large volumes of general traffic, bus alignment for the 2006 baseline scenario and taxi flows. Each mode is discussed in relation to each of - Dublin City Council have designated an Outer the seven areas under the following headings: Orbital Route, which includes North Circular - Infrastructure; Road, North Wall Quay, East Link Toll Bridge, roads running parallel to the Grand Canal - Utilisation; (Grand Parade, Grove Road, Parnell Road) - Conditions experienced. and sections of the South Circular Road. The function of the route is to provide an alternative route for motorists crossing the city centre. 15.3.2.1 Area MN101 - Dublin City Council have designated an Inner This area is illustrated on maps (Traffic) included Orbital Route which runs around the core inner in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. Area MN101 is located city area. It extends from Parnell Square in the between Belinstown and north of Pinnock north to St. Stephens Green in the south and Hill Roundabout. from Merrion Square in the east to Blackhall Infrastructure Place in the west. It serves a similar function to The M1 and R132 are the principal roads on the the outer orbital in addition to providing access north-south axis through Area MN101. The M1 to city centre multi-story car parks. is a motorway with two interchanges within Area - The North Quays have one or two general traffic MN101; Lissenhall to the north of Swords and at lanes whereas the South Quays have two lanes Drynam to the south of Swords. The Lissenhall of general traffic. In addition both quays have Interchange (full interchange) to the north of significant lengths of bus priority in addition Swords links the M1 with the R132 and Swords. to general traffic lanes. These roads carry Bus and taxis are the main public transport modes significant volumes of general traffic and bus available to residents in Swords and surrounding flows and, as a result are important from a areas. The Swords QBC commences at Fingal strategic viewpoint. County Council offices on Main Street and joins the - The Maynooth Rail Line intersects with the R132 at the Malahide Roundabout. The QBC links alignment of the proposed scheme at the Swords, Dublin Airport and the city centre. Drumcondra Stop. Suburban rail services from Maynooth and Mullingar operate on this line, in addition to InterCity services from Sligo. Frequency and capacity on suburban rail services has been significantly enhanced in recent years to cater for increased demand from growth in areas to the west of Dublin. Page 253 Chapter 15 Footpaths along the R132 are limited. North There are no dedicated cycle lanes along the of Estuary Roundabout and between Seatown R132. The Swords QBC joins the R132 south of Roundabout and Malahide Roundabout, footpaths the Malahide Roundabout. The shared bus and are located along the southbound lane of the cycles lanes are roughly 4m wide and generally road. There are a number of pedestrian bridges continuous except at the junctions. There is no cycle across the R132 providing segregated crossing infrastructure at the roundabouts. points between residential and employment areas Utilisation of Swords. The bridges are situated within close 2006 AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) traffic flows proximity of bus stops, providing easy access for key roads within Area MN101 were extracted to public transport services. The Seatown and from junction traffic counts and Metro North Traffic Chapel Lane footbridges are heavily used by school Model output for 2006 and analysed. Within Area students in the area. The Malahide Roundabout MN101, the M1 and R132 carry the highest general footbridge is an important pedestrian link between traffic volumes. The following table outlines the retail, employment and residential uses in the area. traffic flows on key links in this area.
Table 15.2 MN101, traffic flows on key links Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs) Direction of Link Traffic Flow Cars and LGVs Bus & HGVs R132, north of Estuary Roundabout North 768 64 South 1701 69 Seatown West East 830 43 West 902 18 Estuary Road at Estuary Roundabout East 162 3 West 209 3 R132, between Estuary and North 812 49 Seatown Roundabouts South 1,720 76 Seatown Road, East 289 3 west of Seatown Roundabout West 311 6 Estuary Road at Seatown Roundabout East 472 15 West 287 44 R132, between Seatown North 926 45 and Malahide Roundabouts South 1,627 89 Malahide Road, East 196 7 west of Malahide Roundabout West 269 11 Malahide Road, East 134 6 east of Malahide Roundabout West 276 22 Drynam Road East 597 31 West 215 12 R132, between Malahide North 1,159 54 and Pinnock Hill Roundabouts South 1,547 91 * M1, between Lisenhall North 1,237 272 and Drynam interchanges South 2,936 225
All data from junction counts, unless otherwise indicated:
Page 254 * Metro North Traffic Model (MNTM) Output for 2006 Dublin Bus is the main bus operator in the area; Currently taxis experience the same congestion Human Beings: Traffic other services are provided by Bus Éireann, Urbus issues as per general traffic with delays in Swords and the recently launched Swords Express. In total, Village and at the Malahide Roundabout. there are around 20 bus services an hour linking Given the width of the R132 and the significant Swords and the city centre, many of which also traffic flows in carries; the road acts as a significant serve the airport. Generally, within Swords, bus barrier for pedestrian movements both along and services are split between the Main Street and across the road i.e. from Swords Town Centre to the R132 with a number of routes merging at the the eastern suburbs in Swords. This would in part Malahide Roundabout. There are also some school explain the low pedestrian volumes in the vicinity of buses servicing this area. the alignment. Pedestrian activity in the direct vicinity of the The R132 acts as a barrier to cycle movement alignment in Swords is generally low. However there in a similar manner to that for pedestrians. A are a number of grade separated crossing points on combination of the wide road width, high traffic the R132 with more significant pedestrian flows. speeds, lack of cycling infrastructure, junction The highest volume of cyclists on the R132 type (i.e. large radii roundabouts) along the R132 travel across the road heading east on the all combine to create a very inhospitable cycling Estuary Roundabout. environment. As a result, cycle activity in the direct vicinity of the alignment through Swords is low. Conditions experienced Average AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) general Accident data traffic network speeds in Area MN101, as extracted The Road Safety Authority has provided the RPA from the validated base year MNTM (2006) are 33.6 with their traffic accident database, which in km/hour. This information is illustrated on maps itself is derived from the National Roads Authority (Traffic) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. In the accident database for the period 2001-2006. This Do Minimum future year scenarios, average car information is condensed from the national Garda speeds reduce in most years when compared to the reporting system which categorises accidents on 2006 baseline situation. This decrease in speeds the basis of the severity of injury incurred, i.e. fatal, is because of a general increase in traffic volume serious or minor. throughout the seven areas. The following table illustrates the number of The average bus speed from Swords Main Street accidents which have occurred on particular links to the Airside Retail Park (in Area MN102) is within Area MN101. It should be noted that these 18kph during the AM peak. By comparison, the figures relate to the number of accidents and not to corresponding average car speed for the same the number of individuals involved. journey is 26kph.
Table 15.3 MN101, number of personal injury accidents by link
Minor Injury Serious Injury Fatal Location Accidents Accidents Accidents Total Lissenhall Interchange 3 1 0 4 R132 from Lissenhall Interchange 6 0 0 6 to and including Estuary Roundabout R132 from Estuary Roundabout 6 1 0 7 to Seatown Roundabout R132 from Seatown Roundabout 9 0 0 9 to Malahide Roundabout R132 from Malahide to Pinnock Hill Roundabout 0 1 0 1 M1 4 1 0 5 Seatown Road between Estuary Roundabout and 5 0 0 5 Bridge Street Seatown Road between Bridge Street 4 0 0 4 and Malahide Road
The links listed above in Area MN101 recorded 41 accidents between 2001 and 2006. Of these, 37 were minor in nature. Pedestrians and motorcyclists accounted for a small number of these, at 2% and 12% respectively. The frequency of accidents indicates that the area is not particularly sensitive. Page 255
Chapter 15 North of the Pinnock Hill Roundabout there is a 15.3.2.2 Area MN102 footpath providing pedestrian access to the bus stop on the northbound carriageway of the R132. Area MN102 extends from north of the Pinnock There are footpaths on both sides of the R132 north Hill Roundabout to south of Naul Road (Dublin and south of the junction with Nevinstown Lane. Airport). The Airside Retail Park is located to the east These footpaths provide pedestrian access to bus of the R132, approximately 600m to the south of stops and the buildings on either side of the road. Pinnock Hill Roundabout. The Airside Retail Park is An at-grade signalised pedestrian crossing on the a significant generator of traffic in Swords and the R132 is provided at Airside Retail Park. development is dependent on the R132 to facilitate access and egress requirements. Access and egress There is no dedicated cycle infrastructure along to Airside Retail Park from the M1 is also possible via the R132 within Area MN102. The Swords QBC the Drynam Link Road and Drynam Interchange. continues along the R132 with wide bus lanes to accommodate both cyclists and buses. Infrastructure The shared bus and cycle lanes are generally The M1 and the R132 are the principal roads in Area continuous in the southbound direction except MN102. The R132 has two general traffic lanes in at the junctions. There are intermittent bus lanes each direction for most of its length. However it northbound within Area MN102. There is no cycle narrows to one general traffic lane (plus a bus lane infrastructure at the roundabouts. There are in the northbound direction) between Nevinstown advanced stop areas for cyclists at the signalised Lane and Pinnock Hill Roundabout. The southbound junction at Nevinstown Lane. R132 carriageway also narrows to one lane in each direction between Nevinstown Lane and Utilisation Cloghran Roundabout. 2006 AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) traffic flows for key roads within Area MN102 are contained The Swords QBC continues along the R132 within were extracted from junction traffic counts and NRA Area MN102. There are significant levels of bus Automated Traffic Counter (ATC) data, and analysed. priority along the R132 where buses benefit from Within Area MN102, the M1 and R132 carry the long sections of bus lane infrastructure. Taxis also highest general traffic volumes. The following table benefit from bus priority infrastructure on the outlines the traffic flows on key links. R132. In all other areas they share road space with general traffic. Page 256 Human Beings: Traffic
Table 15.4 MN102, traffic flows on key links
Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs) Direction of Link Traffic Flow Cars and LGVs Bus &HGVs R132, between Malahide North 1,159 54 and Pinnock Hill Roundabouts South 1,547 91 Dublin Road, north of Pinnock Hill North 175 1 Roundabout South 466 9 M1 Link Road (to Drynam Interchange) North 318 11 South 419 9 R132, between Pinnock Hill Roundabout North 900 49 and Fosterstown Junction South 1,424 93 Rathingle Road East 632 11 West 223 11 Airside East 211 10 West 143 10 R132 between Fosterstown Junction North 688 48 and Cloghran Roundabout South 1,553 92 Naul Road East 584 28 West 458 30 Clonshaugh Road East 476 9 West 431 9 R132, between Cloghran North 733 92 and Airport Roundabouts South 1,431 78 * M1, between Drynam North 1,564 681 and Airport Interchanges. South 3,211 697
All data from manual counts, unless otherwise indicated: * NRA Automated Traffic Counter Data (January 2006)
A high volume of Swords QBC bus services Traffic counts recorded very low volumes of operate along the R132 within Area MN102 and cyclists within Area MN102. The highest number of southbound bus services avail of significant levels cyclists on the R132 within Area MN102 was 5 per of bus priority along the R132 to the south of the hour, which was recorded heading north between Malahide Roundabout. Pinnock Hill Roundabout and Fostertown Junction.
In general, pedestrian volumes along and across Conditions experienced the R132, within Area MN102, are low. Pedestrian Average AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) general activity is centred on movements to and from traffic network speeds in Area MN102, as extracted bus stops along the R132 and to and from Airside from the validated base year MNTM (2006) are 55 Retail Park. The National Show Centre is located km/hour. This information is illustrated on maps off Kettles Lane near the junction with the (Traffic) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. In the R132. During major events there are pedestrian Do Minimum future year scenarios, average car movements between the centre and the bus stops speeds reduce in most years when compared to the on the R132. 2006 baseline situation. This decrease in speeds is because of a general increase in traffic volumes throughout the seven areas. Page 257 Chapter 15 The average bus speed from Airside Retail Park Accident data to the Cloghran Roundabout is 23kmh-1 during The Road Safety Authority has provided the RPA the AM peak. By comparison, the corresponding with their traffic accident database, which in average car speed for the same journey is 28kmh-1. itself is derived from the National Roads Authority accident database for the period 2001-2006. This Access to the bus stops for pedestrians is poor and information is condensed from the national Garda in some locations there are no footpaths connecting reporting system which categorises accidents on to the bus stops. Within Area MN102, there are a the basis of the severity of injury incurred, i.e. fatal, number of bus stops located in the vicinity of the serious or minor. Airside Retail Park. The following table illustrates the number of As in Area MN101, the R132 acts as a significant accidents which have occurred on particular links barrier for pedestrian and cycle movements both within Area MN102. It should be noted that these along and across the road. figures relate to the number of accidents and not to the number of individuals involved.
Table 15.5 MN102, number of personal injury accidents by link
Minor Injury Serious Injury Fatal Location Accidents Accidents Accidents Total R132 between Pinnock Hill Roundabout 4 1 0 5 and Cloghran Roundabout Naul Road between Cloghran 4 1 0 5 Roundabout and Forest Road
Forest Road between Park Avenue 5 1 1 7 and River Valley Road M1 between Kettles Lane and Stockhole Lane 0 1 0 1 Feltrim Road between M1 and Kettles Lane 1 0 0 1
Of the 18 accidents recorded along the key routes The Swords QBC, which operates on the R132, splits within Area MN102, 17% involved motorcycles. on approach to Dublin Airport from the north and There are no recorded pedestrian accidents. The south. Some QBC bus services heading south along frequency of accidents indicates that the area is the R132 continue on this road. Others access not particularly sensitive. Dublin Airport before returning to the R132 at a location to the south of the airport. The airport is a major destination and generates a significant 15.3.2.3 Area MN103 volume of bus trips. The diversion via the airport Dublin Airport is a major trip attractor in north adds approximately 10 minutes to bus journey County Dublin and as a result is a significant times. Bus stops are located at frequent intervals contributor to traffic flows on roads in its vicinity. along the R132.
Infrastructure Taxis benefit from bus priority infrastructure on Road capacity in the vicinity of the airport and the R132 to the north and south of the airport, as within the confines of the airport is significant. detailed in previous sections. In all other areas they The primary access routes to the airport are via share road space with general traffic. The M1 and the M1 and R132. A full motorway interchange Dublin Port Tunnel are increasingly being used as approximately 800m to the east of the airport on a route for taxis travelling between the city centre the M1 provides access to the airport from the and the airport. Along the airport access roads, north and south via a motorway slip road which taxis share the road space with general traffic. connects the M1 with the R132 at the Airport Pedestrian/cycle facilities are provided on the Roundabout. Access to the airport from both the M1 R132 to the north and south of Dublin Airport. The and R132 is via the western arm of that roundabout, airport is located some distance away from major which is signal controlled. An additional access residential areas and as a result, there are very low and egress route from the south is available via levels of cycle activity in the vicinity of the airport. a signalised junction on the R132 to the south of R132/Airport Roundabout. Utilisation 2006 AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) traffic flows for key roads within Area MN103 were extracted from Page 258 junction traffic counts and NRA Automated Traffic Counter (ATC) data, and analysed. The following table outlines the traffic flows on key links. Human Beings: Traffic
Table 15.6 MN103, traffic flows on key links Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs) Direction of Link Traffic Flow Cars and LGVs Bus & HGVs R132, north of Airport Roundabout North 611 74 South 1,115 53 Corballis Road North East 609 19 West 1,227 30 M1 Link Road to Airport Interchange East 553 24 West 1,267 67 R132, between Airport Roundabout North 332 44 and Corballis Rd South South 932 55 Corballis Road South East 288 45 West 491 58 R132, between Corballis Road South North 775 75 and Collinstown Cross South 1,428 81 * M1, between Drynam North 1,236 664 and Airport Interchanges. South 3,424 620 * M1, between Airport North 2,481 794 and M50 Interchanges. South 3,107 817
All data from junction traffic counts, Conditions experienced unless otherwise indicated: Average AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) general * NRA Automated Traffic Counter Data traffic network speeds in Area MN103, as extracted (January 2006) from the validated base year MNTM for 2006 are 42.4 km/hour. This information is illustrated on maps Buses are an important access and egress mode (Traffic) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. In the Do to Dublin Airport with 22% of passengers and Minimum future year scenarios, a significant drop 16% of staff using bus services to the airport. A in average car speed to 22.0kph in 2029 occurs. This large number of bus services use Dublin Airport decrease in speeds is because of a general increase as a terminus; in particular dedicated airport bus in traffic volumes throughout the seven areas. services such as Dublin Bus Numbers 746, 747, 748 and the Aircoach. The R132 and M1 are used by a There are limited lengths of bus priority in the large number of scheduled bus services operating vicinity of the airport with the exception of access between the city centre and the airport. restrictions for general traffic to the bus stop areas. Average bus speeds from Cloghran Roundabout to Taxi is an important access/egress mode to south of the airport via the airport are 18kph. Dublin Airport. Within the airport itself, there are high volumes of pedestrians moving between the Bus services benefit from significant bus priority on terminal buildings, the bus stops, the taxi rank the R132, particularly in the northbound direction. and the short-term car parks. There is a major Aside from the internal road network within the pedestrian crossing between the short-term car airport, the surrounding roads are relatively park and the terminal building. Pedestrian/cycle uncongested in the AM peak. Swords QBC routes movements between the airport and its environs that do not serve the airport travel at an average are negligible. speed of 34kph from the Cloghran Roundabout to south of the airport during the AM peak. By comparison, the corresponding average car speed for the same journey is 40kph. During periods of high demand, access to the set down areas becomes congested and taxis suffer Page 259 delays as a result. Chapter 15 Within the confines of the airport terminal The following table illustrates the number of pedestrian experience a good environment, with accidents which have occurred on particular links high levels of priority afforded to them at points of within Area MN103. It should be noted that these conflict with general traffic. figures relate to the number of accidents and not to the number of individuals involved. Accident data The Road Safety Authority has provided the RPA with their traffic accident database, which in itself is derived from the National Roads Authority accident database for the period 2001-2006. This information is condensed from the national Garda reporting system which categorises accidents on the basis of the severity of injury incurred, i.e. fatal, serious or minor.
Table 15.7 MN103, number of personal injury accidents by link.
Minor Injury Serious Injury Fatal Location Accidents Accidents Accidents Total R132 between Cloghran Roundabout 5 0 0 5 and M1 Naul Road between Cloghran Roundabout 2 1 0 3 and Forest Road Stockhole Lane 1 1 1 3 M1 between airport roundabout 1 2 1 4 and M1 roundabout Swords Road (R132) between 2 0 0 2 the airport and Old Airport Road Airport Zone 34 6 0 40 Clonshaugh Road between 1 0 0 1 Baskin Lane and N32 Baskin Lane between Clonshaugh Road 2 0 0 2 and Baskin Cottages
The numbers of accidents along the M1 and Dublin Bus opened a bus garage at Harristown R132 within Area MN103 are relatively low, with Garage in October 2004 and the garage currently few involving pedestrians and motorcyclists. The accommodates 200 buses. The garage is accessed frequency of accidents indicates that this area is from the R108 (extension of Ballymun Road) and not particularly sensitive. However, a large number the R122 (extension of St. Margaret’s Road). of both minor and serious accidents have occurred A number of retail distribution and warehousing within the Airport zone between 2001 and 2006. Of uses are also located in this area. the 40 recorded accidents, 17% of these involved Infrastructure motorcyclists and 20% involved pedestrians. Such The M50 is the main orbital route around Dublin frequency indicates the high sensitivity of the City. It has a strategic traffic carrying function, Airport Zone. linking a number of national primary roads which intersect with it, namely the M1, N2, N3, N4, N7 15.3.2.4 Area MN104 and M11. Given the distribution of development along the M50 and the significant number of Area MN104 runs from south of the airport to north interchanges with non-national roads, the M50 of the Ballymun Road/Santry Avenue/Balbutcher also serves a local function, by connecting Lane junction. employment, residential and retail centres located To the north of Area MN104, there is an airport Park in close proximity to the road. The M50 is currently & Ride site served by a bespoke bus service linking being upgraded to increase capacity. The M50 the car park to the airport, which is accessed via Upgrade scheme involves adding a third lane in the R132. Dublin Airport Authority (DAA) has a 5,600 each direction on the M50 over a distance of 31km space long-term Park & Ride site at Harristown. between the M1 and Sandyford Interchanges and This site is accessed by car via the R108. also upgrading junctions to free-flow interchanges Page 260 at the M1,N3,N4,N7. Work began on Phase 1 of the scheme in autumn Taxis avail of general traffic and bus infrastructure Human Beings: Traffic 2006 and will be completed in 2008. It consists of within Area MN104 and conditions as regards levels upgrading 8km of the existing dual carriageway of congestion are considered good. between the N4, N7) and Ballymount Interchange The M50 and M1 act as a significant barrier for The R108 to the north of the M50 is a single two- pedestrian and cycle movements across the lane road, which connects the M50 Ballymun roads in Area MN104 due to there being only one Interchange with lands to the north of the M50. location at which they can cross them. In addition, This section of the R108 provides access to the pedestrian and cycle movements along these two airport from the M50. To the south of the M50, R108 roads are prohibited. connects the M50 with Main Street, Ballymun. The Utilisation road is a dual two-lane road with hard shoulders. 2006 AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) traffic flows The Tesco distribution centre and Northwood for key roads within Area MN104 were extracted development are accessed via a signalised junction from junction traffic counts and NRA Automated on the R108. Traffic Counter (ATC) data, and analysed. Within Area The Swords QBC continues along the R132 to the MN104, the M1 and M50 carry the highest general east of Area MN104. A Dublin Bus depot is located traffic volumes. The R132 and the R108 also carry at Harristown to the south of the R108. This garage significant general traffic volumes. The following is the largest Dublin Bus depot and has capacity table outlines the traffic flows on key links. for 240 buses.
Table 15.8 MN104, traffic flows on key links Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs)
Link Direction Cars and LGVs Bus & HGVs R132, between Corballis Road South North 762 89 and Collinstown Cross South 1,398 100 R132 south of Collinstown Cross North 411 93 South 1,218 85 Old Airport Road East 878 60 (along southern perimeter of Airport) West 370 50 R108, between Old Airport Road North 798 58 and M50 South 363 71 R108, between M50 North 933 87 and Santry Avenue South 947 65 * M50 between R108 North/East 2,971 866 and M1 Interchanges South/West 2,317 815 * M1 between M50 and North 2,481 794 Airport Interchanges South 3,107 817
All data from junction traffic counts, unless Conditions experienced otherwise indicated: Average AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) general *NRA Automated Traffic Counter Data traffic network speed in Area MN104, as extracted (January 2006) from the validated baseline MNTM for 2006, is 28.2 km/hour. This information is illustrated on maps The landuses within Area MN104 do not generate a (Traffic) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. In the Do significant volume of bus trips and, as such, there Minimum future year scenarios, average car speeds are low numbers of bus passengers within the area. reduce in most years when compared to the 2006 There are not any major residential developments baseline situation. For example, on the R108 South, or significant social infrastructure within Area the car speeds for 2006 are 21.19kph which reduces
MN104. As a result, there are very low levels of to 10.14kph in 2029. This decrease in speeds is Page 261 pedestrian and cycle activity in the area. because of a general increase in traffic volumes throughout the seven areas. Chapter 15 The bus operating environment within Area Accident data MN104 is quite good with significant elements of The Road Safety Authority has provided the RPA bus priority on the R132 and sufficient capacity with their traffic accident database, which in elsewhere to accommodate bus movements along itself is derived from the National Roads Authority with general traffic. accident database for the period 2001-2006. This information is condensed from the national Garda The pedestrian and cycle experience within Area reporting system which categorises accidents on MN104 is poor as a result of severance associated the basis of the severity of injury incurred, i.e. fatal, with the M1 and M50. This results in very limited serious or minor. opportunities to move within the area, prohibition of pedestrian and cycle activity on the M1 and M50 and The following table illustrates the number of very low pedestrian and cycle activity generally. This accidents which have occurred on particular links in turn acts as a barrier to growth of these modes. within Area MN104. It should be noted that these figures relate to the number of accidents and not to the number of individuals involved.
Table 15.9 MN104, number of personal injury accidents by link.
Minor Injury Serious Injury Fatal Location Accidents Accidents Accidents Total Old Airport Road between R108 and 6 0 0 6 Swords Road (and cross between Old Airport Road and Swords Road) Clonshaugh Road between N32 1 0 0 1 and Baskin Lane M50 / M1 Roundabout 9 2 0 11 M50 between Ballymun Roundabout 3 1 0 4 and M1 Roundabout Swords Road (R132) between Old Airport 1 1 0 2 Road and Santry Avenue Turnapin Lane between Swords Road 0 1 1 2 and Turnapin Green R108 between Old Airport Road 4 0 0 4 and Ballymun / M50 Roundabout Northern Cross Route (M50) between 1 0 0 1 Finglas Roundabout and Ballymun / M50 Roundabout Ballymun / M50 Roundabout 5 0 0 5 R108 between Ballymun / 3 0 0 3 M50 Roundabout and Santry Avenue Ballymun Road between Ballymun 1 0 0 1 Main Street and Santry Lodge St Margaret’s Road (R104) between 3 1 0 4 Jamestown Road and Balbutcher Lane Balbutcher Lane (All the Loop) 5 0 0 5 Clonshaugh Road between N32 4 0 0 4 and Oscar Traynor Road Newbury Avenue 1 0 0 1 Page 262 The numbers of accidents on the links within Area Buses and taxis are currently the only form of public Human Beings: Traffic MN104 are relatively low. However, the M50/M1 transport available to the residents in Ballymun Roundabout has been the site of 11 accidents and the surrounding areas. The Ballymun QBC between 2001 and 2006, though none of these commences at the civic offices on the Ballymun involved pedestrians or motorcyclists. Overall, the Road and extends along the Ballymun Road (R108) frequency of accidents in Area MN104 indicates towards the city centre. A high level of bus priority that this area is not particularly sensitive. is provided along the R108 and there is a high frequency of bus services from Ballymun to the city centre. Bus stops are located at frequent intervals 15.3.2.5 Area MN105 on both sides of the R108 between Gateway Area MN105 extends from North of Ballymun Avenue and Albert College Park. These are well Road/Santry Avenue junction to Ballymun Road at connected with pedestrian infrastructure both Albert College Park (Dublin City University). The key in terms of footpath provision and pedestrian features within Area MN105 are Ballymun Town crossing facilities. Centre, Dublin City University and the Omni Park Taxis benefit from the bus priority measures Shopping Centre.Ballymun is located to the north along the Ballymun Road as detailed above. of this area. The R108 (Main Street, Ballymun) There is a taxi rank facility near the Arts Centre passes through the centre of the town. The area with capacity for 10 taxis. has traditionally suffered from high levels of social deprivation and unemployment. As a result, Footpaths are located on both sides of Ballymun the area has low levels of car ownership and is Road along the length of Area MN105. There are highly dependent on bus as the main mechanised signalised pedestrian crossings on the Ballymun transport mode. To address the high levels of Road at a number of locations. social deprivation and unemployment in the area, Cycle lanes have been provided in conjunction with Ballymun Regeneration Ltd. (BRL) was established the Ballymun QBC. Cycle facilities are integrated to plan and implement a regeneration programme with the bus lanes on both northbound and which will result in a new town with new and southbound carriageways for the entire length improved facilities for 30,000 people. Major of the Ballymun Road within Area MN105. elements of the regeneration of Ballymun have yet to be completed. Utilisation 2006 AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) traffic flows Dublin City University (DCU) is located to the east of for key roads within Area MN105 were extracted Ballymun Road and to the south of Collins Avenue. from junction traffic counts and the Metro North The main access and egress point to the campus is Traffic Model and analysed. The roads which located on Collins Avenue. carry the highest volumes of general traffic are Infrastructure the M50/Dublin Port Tunnel, R132 and R108. Within Area MN105, the principal north-south roads Glasnevin Avenue/Collins Avenue Extension and are the Main Street, R132 and M50/Dublin Port Santry Avenue also carry significant orbital traffic Tunnel. The Main Street extends into the Ballymun volumes. The following table outlines the traffic Road to the south of Ballymun has two lanes of flows on key links. traffic and a bus lane in each direction. The R132 is a single lane, two-way road with southbound bus lanes at intervals along its length. The M50 and Dublin Port Tunnel is a two lane motorway linking the M1/M50 interchange with Dublin Port. The major east-west roads in Area MN105 are Santry Avenue (a single lane two-way road connecting the R108 and R132) and Glasnevin Avenue/Collins Avenue Extension (a single lane two-way road). Glasnevin Avenue/Collins Avenue Extension is an important orbital road in the northside of Dublin City. Page 263 Chapter 15
Table 15.10 MN105, traffic flows on key links Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs)
Link Direction Cars and LGVs Bus & HGVs R108 between M50 and Santry Avenue North 933 87 South 947 65 Balbutcher Lane East 18 3 West 8 3 Santry Avenue East 468 33 West 359 50 Main Street, Ballymun, between North 428 50 Santry Ave and Sillogue Road South 352 34 Main Street, Ballymun, North 612 47 between Sillogue Rd and Collins Avenue South 923 42 Glasnevin Avenue East 514 27 West 511 35 Collins Avenue Extension East 716 16 West 419 34 Ballymun Road, between North 830 46 Collins Ave and St. Pappins Road South 847 51
All data from junction traffic counts, unless Conditions experienced otherwise indicated. Average AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) general traffic network speed in Area MN105, as extracted A number of bus routes terminate within Area from the validated baseline MNTM for 2006 is MN105 and many routes are branched off the main 17.6 km/hour. This information is summarised in Ballymun Road spine. The varied routeings of the Annex I, Volume 3, Book 2 of 2. In the Do Minimum radial routes provide good access to bus services future year scenarios, average car speeds reduce and together with a small number of local and in most years when compared to the 2006 baseline orbital routes, the level of bus coverage in Area situation. This decrease in speeds is because of MN105 is high. a general increase in traffic volumes throughout A high volume of Ballymun QBC bus services the seven areas. operate along the Ballymun Road. There are The average bus speed on the Ballymun Road medium levels of congestion within Area MN105. from the Civic Offices to the Griffith Avenue is Dublin Bus operates the majority of bus services 17kph during the AM peak. By comparison, the in the area. There are over 30 buses an hour from corresponding average car speed for the same Ballymun to the city centre during the AM peak. In journey is 13kph. addition, a number of dedicated school bus services connect the Ballymun Road to the schools around The pedestrian environment through Area MN105 Griffith Avenue. is typical of the remainder of the built up urban area of Dublin with continuous pedestrian Pedestrian volumes along the Ballymun Road facilities along roads and numerous locations in Area MN105 are quite high as a result of with pedestrian crossings. considerable social infrastructure in Ballymun in the vicinity of the R108 and number of schools which are accessed by significant numbers of pedestrians. North of the town centre, there are low volumes of cyclists using the R108. The volume of cyclists
Page 264 increases considerably further south. Accident data The following table illustrates the number of Human Beings: Traffic The Road Safety Authority has provided the RPA accidents which have occurred on particular links with their traffic accident database, which in within Area MN105. It should be noted that these itself is derived from the National Roads Authority figures relate to the number of accidents and not to accident database for the period 2001-2006. This the number of individuals involved. information is condensed from the national Garda reporting system which categorises accidents on the basis of the severity of injury incurred, i.e. fatal, serious or minor.
Table 15.11 MN105, number of personal injury accidents by link. Serious Minor Injury Injury Fatal Location Accidents Accidents Accidents Total Coolock Lane / Oscar Traynor Road between M1 / 7 0 0 7 Coolock Lane Roundabout and Clonshaugh Road Skelly’s Lane between Shantalla Road 2 0 0 2 and Kilmore Road Shantalla Road between M1 and Kelly’s Road 2 1 0 3 Junction between Swords Road / 5 2 1 8 Shantalla Road and M1
Coolgariff Road Avenue between 0 1 1 2 Ballyshannon Road and Shantalla Road M1 between M1 / Coolock Lane Roundabout 1 0 0 1 and Junction between Swords Road / Shantalla Road and M1 M1 / Coolock Lane Roundabout 7 1 1 9 Coolock Lane between M1 / 2 1 0 3 Coolock Lane Roundabout and Swords Road Swords Rd between Coolock Lane and M1 6 1 0 7 Santry Av. between Swords Rd and Ballymun Rd 3 1 0 4 Collins Av. Extension between 4 0 0 4 Swords Rd and Ballymun Rd Ballymun Rd between Collins Av. and Griffith Av. 9 0 0 9 Ballymun Rd between Balbutcher Lane and Collins Av. 11 0 0 11 Ballymun Rd between Balbutcher Lane 5 0 0 5 and M50 / R108 Roundabout Silloge Rd between Sandyhill Ave and Balcurris Rd 11 0 0 11 Balcurris Rd between Silloge Rd and Balbutcher Lane 6 1 0 7 Balcurris Rd between Balbutcher Lane 3 0 0 3 and R108 (North) Balbutcher Lane between Sandyhill Ave 5 0 0 5 and Balcurris Rd Shangan Rd between Coultry Rd and Shangan Avenue 5 1 0 6 Glasvenin Av. between Beneavin drive 2 1 0 3 and Ballymun Rd
Coultry Rd between Ballymun Rd and Coultry Av. 2 0 0 2 Shanliss Rd between Ballymun Rd and Shanliss Grove 1 1 0 2
Ballygall Rd East between Glasvenin Av. and Griffith Av. 1 0 0 1 Page 265 Belclare Crescent 0 1 1 2 Chapter 15 The Sillogue Road between Sandyhill Ave and The major east-west road corridors in Area MN106 Balcurris Rd has a particularly high number are Griffith Avenue and the North Circular Road. of accidents, with 82% involving minor injury Griffith Avenue is a single lane two-way road and is to pedestrians. 25 accidents have occurred on an important orbital road in the northside of Dublin the Ballymun Road, between the M50/R108 City. Griffith Avenue connects the N2, Ballymun Roundabout and Griffith Avenue, between 2001 Road, Swords Road and Malahide Road. The North and 2006, 24% of these involved pedestrians and Circular Road in Dublin’s inner city links the main motorcylists. Given the frequency of accidents arterial roads on their approach to the city i.e. within Area MN105, the area can be classed as Old Cabra Road, New Cabra Road, Phibsborough being mdoerately sensitive. Road, Drumcondra Road, Summerhill Parade and North Strand. At its westernmost extremity, the road connects with Conyngham Road and from 15.3.2.6 Area MN106 there to the south city via the South Circular Road. Area MN106 extends from Albert College Park At its eastern most extremity, the road provides to the south of Dublin City University and Dorset access to the south city via the Eastlink Toll Bridge. Street in Dublin’s north inner city. The area is largely A new bridge, the Macken Street Bridge, which is residential in nature and includes Glasnevin and currently under construction, will provide a more Whitehall in the north of this area. Drumcondra direct connection between the North Circular Road and Phibsborough are located to the south of Area and the south city. North Circular Road generally MN106 and are major residential, retail, commercial is a single lane two-way road. There are a number and entertainment centres in the north of the of other important east-west roads in this area, city. Griffith Avenue is a low density residential including Homefarm Road, Botanic Avenue, road within Area MN106, i.e. from the Ballymun Richmond Road, Clonliffe Road and Whitworth Road. Road to the Swords Road. Drumcondra is a major The Ballymun QBC extends along the R108 from urban centre and there is a large quantity of social Ballymun through Glasnevin, Drumcondra and infrastructure in the vicinity of Drumcondra Road. Phibsboro. The Ballymun QBC diverges at Griffith The Maynooth Suburban Rail Line runs in an Avenue with some buses continuing along the R108 east-west direction through Area MN106 and (Mobhi Road, Botanic Road) and some services has a station located adjacent to the proposed routed via the Drumcondra Road. The Swords QBC stop at Drumcondra. also operates within Area MN106 as it extends towards the city centre along the Drumcondra Road. Croke Park is the national GAA stadium and is located approximately 400m to the east of the Taxis benefit from the bus priority measures along proposed stop at Drumcondra. The stadium has a the Ballymun QBC and Swords QBC as detailed capacity of 82,300 people and is extensively used above. Elsewhere taxis share road space with throughout summer months for GAA football and general traffic. hurling championship games. All roads within Area MN106 have continuous The Mater Hospital is a major hospital in Dublin’s pedestrian facilities along them. Pedestrian crossing north inner city, located to the west of Dorset Street points are located at key points across major roads and to the south of the North Circular Road. in this area. Signalised pedestrian crossings are integrated within all signalised junctions. Infrastructure Within Area MN106 the principal north-south There are extensive cycle lanes located on the road corridors include the R108, Swords Road, Ballymun Road/St. Mobhi Road/Botanic Road Drumcondra Road, Dorset Street and the N2 corridor. There are a number of schools on Griffith corridor. The R108 corridor includes Ballymun Avenue east of the Swords Road and there are Road, St. Mobhi Road and Botanic Road. The important cycle links along Griffith Avenue Swords Road, Drumcondra Road and Dorset connecting these schools with residential areas Street corridor varies from one to two general to the east and west. Drumcondra Road also has traffic lanes in each direction. This corridor also extensive cycle infrastructure within Area MN106. has substantial lengths of bus lane along its length. Cycle lanes are provided in both directions along The N2 corridor includes Finglas Road, Prospect the road. For much of their length, the cycle lanes Road and Phibsborough Road. This corridor varies are segregated from the roadway and run adjacent from one to two general traffic lanes in each to the footpaths. At other locations, the cycle lanes direction, in addition to significant sections of bus are provided in conjunction with the Swords QBC lanes. This corridor merges with the R108 corridor bus lanes. at Prospect Road. Utilisation 2006 AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) traffic flows for key roads within Area MN106 were extracted from junction traffic counts Counts and Metro North Traffic Model output and analysed. The following table outlines the traffic flows on key links. Page 266 Human Beings: Traffic
Table 15.12 MN106, traffic flows on key links Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs)
Link Direction Cars and LGVs Bus HGV * Ballymun Road between St Pappins North 774 16 90 Road and St Mobhi Rd South 1,389 19 42 * Griffith Avenue between St Mobhi West 1,058 21 91 Road and Ballymun Rd * Ballymun Road between Griffith Ave North 847 20 102 and St Mobhi Road * St Mobhi Road between Ballymun South 1,462 23 50 Road and Griffith Ave * St Mobhi Road between Griffith Ave North 578 16 62 and Home Farm Road South 902 20 13 Griffith Avenue between St Mobhi Road East 667 3 22 and Bantry Road West 491 5 18 Bantry Road North 4 0 0 South 273 0 0 Griffith Avenue between Bantry Road East 423 3 20 and Drumcondra Rd West 516 5 17 Swords Road between Collins Avenue North 718 56 101 and Griffith Ave South 542 47 8 Drumcondra Road between Griffith Ave North 777 62 94 and Home Farm Road South 477 55 13 Home Farm Road East 150 3 20 West 63 5 17 Richmond Road East 426 0 6 West 214 0 1 Botanic Avenue East 250 0 3 West 134 0 11 Drumcondra Road between Botanic Ave North 1,016 65 91 and Clonliffe Road South 1,084 64 7
Clonliffe Road East 532 1 1 West 332 1 25 Drumcondra Road between Clonliffe Rd North 941 64 87 and Whitworth Road South 809 63 9 Whitworth Road East 573 24 17 West 174 21 23 Dorset Street between Whitworth Rd North 858 74 70 and North Circular Road South 1,340 87 24 North Circular Road to the West East 338 5 32 West 296 4 63 Page 267 Chapter 15 Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs)
Link Direction Cars and LGVs Bus HGV North Circular Road to the East East 430 1 34 West 333 0 63 Dorset Street between North Circular North 988 78 70 Road and Gardiner Street South 1,416 91 0 Synnott Place East 222 0 0 West 141 0 5 Gardiner Street East 627 31 0 West 342 29 43 Dorset Street between Gardiner Street North 729 49 33 and Eccles Street South 961 60 0 Eccles Street East 333 3 3 West 193 3 5 Temple Street East 398 0 2 West 178 0 8 Dorset Street between Eccles Street and North 672 52 25 Fredrick Street South 824 63 0
All data from traffic counts unless otherwise indicated: * Metro North Traffic Model (MNTM) Output for 2006
Car speeds increase slightly in 2029 compared to There are very high volumes of cyclists within the the existing 2006 scenario from 11.0kph to 13.4kph. Drumcondra area. Given its proximity to the city This decrease in speeds is because of a general centre and the level of cycle infrastructure provided. increase in traffic throughout the seven areas. The Drumcondra Road is an attractive route for cyclists. There are a high number of dedicated school bus services servicing the schools in the area Conditions experienced around Griffith Avenue. The majority of the Average AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) general regular scheduled services are operated by traffic network speeds in Area MN106, as extracted Dublin Bus. There are also high volumes of public from the validated base year MNTM (2006) are bus passengers within Area MN106. There are a 11 km/hour. This information is summarised in significant number of bus services in the vicinity Annex I, Volume 3, Book 2 of 2. In the Do Minimum of the Mater hospital. future year scenarios, average car speeds reduce in most years when compared to the 2006 baseline Given the significant level of bus priority along situation. This decrease in speeds is because of a Drumcondra Road, a large volume of taxis use this general increase in traffic volumes throughout the road, some of whom use it as their chosen route seven areas. from the city centre to the airport. There are three taxi ranks in the vicinity of the Mater Hospital. There are significant levels of bus priority and there are bus lanes in both directions along the Pedestrian volumes within Area MN106 are quite Drumcondra Road. As a result, bus speeds are high as a result of the relative compactness of considerably faster than general traffic speeds the area, its proximity to the city centre and the where bus priority is provided. considerable social infrastructure in Drumcondra, Glasnevin and Phibsborough town centres. Taxi operating conditions are generally good within Area MN106, as a result of the high levels of bus priority on the key radial routes. Elsewhere, within the area taxis share road space with general traffic and as a result experience congestion during peak hours. Page 268 Given the extensive pedestrian facilities within Area Accident data Human Beings: Traffic MN106, the pedestrian environment within this The Road Safety Authority has provided the RPA area is considered to be of a high standard. with their traffic accident database, which in itself is derived from the National Roads Authority Conditions for cyclists are generally good within accident database for the period 2001-2006. This Area MN106 with cycle facilities located on the information is condensed from the national Garda principal north-south and east-west roads within reporting system which categorises accidents on this area. Low traffic speeds, as experienced within the basis of the severity of injury incurred, i.e. fatal, this area are also conducive to cycle use. serious or minor. The following table illustrates the number of accidents which have occurred on particular links within Area MN106. It should be noted that these figures relate to the number of accidents and not to the number of individuals involved.
Table 15.13 MN106, number of personal injury accidents by link. Serious Minor Injury Injury Fatal Location Accidents Accidents Accidents Total Cross between Ballymun Road and St Mobhi Road 3 0 0 3 Griffith Avenue between St Mobhi Road 1 1 0 2 and Dumcondra Road Upper Dumcondra Road Upper 11 1 0 12 Dumcondra Road Lower between 7 0 0 7 Botanic Av. and Richmond Rd Dumcondra Road Lower between 13 0 0 13 Botanic Av. and Clonliffe Rd Cross between Dumcondra Road Lower 10 0 0 10 and Clonliffe Rd Dumcondra Road Lower between 10 1 0 11 Clonliffe Rd and Whitworth Rd Dumcondra Road Lower between 14 0 0 14 Whitworth Rd and North Circular Rd North Circular Rd between 11 1 0 12 Dumcondra Rd Lower and Berkeley St Berkeley St 6 2 0 8 North Circular Rd between 12 1 0 13 Berkeley St and Phisborough Rd Cross between Gardiner St Upper 12 0 0 12 and Dorset St Lower Dorset St Lower between Gardiner St Upper 6 1 0 7 and Frederick St North North Circular Rd between Dorset St Lower and 11 0 0 11 Sherrard St Upper / Sherrard St Lower Junction North Circular Rd between Sherrard St Upper / 10 1 1 12 Sherrard St Lower Junction and Summerhill Parade Page 269 Chapter 15 The frequency of accidents within Area MN106 The north and south quays are also important is quite high with 146 in total, of these, 137 traffic routes, catering for east-west movement were minor, while the remaining 9 were serious through the city centre. in nature and 1 fatal accident. 25% of these Within Area MN107, there are approximately 13 accidents involved motorcycles, while 33% involved multi-story car parks with in excess of 6,700 car pedestrians. The area can be classed as being parking spaces. highly sensitive. Area MN107 covers a significant proportion of the city centre. The city centre is a major destination for 15.3.2.7 Area MN107 bus passengers and there are very high volumes of Area MN107 extends from Dorset Street in the bus services operating within the area. north to Leeson Street in the south. The city At present bus operations benefit from general centre is a very significant residential, traffic management measures in place in the city commercial, educational, retail, entertainment centre. The east west bus movement through the and cultural location. city centre is facilitated through the provision of The city centre is also significant from a significant lengths of bus lanes along the north and multi-modal transportation perspective in that south quays. Buses also benefit from a continuous it has a dense road network which caters for very bus lane on the north quays, which has recently high flows throughout the day. Distinct peaks exist been provided. during AM and PM periods. Pedestrian flows are In addition to the local and commuter services, the also very significant within the city centre generally. city centre is a key destination for inter urban coach Many businesses within this area are also services. There are a multitude of bus operating dependent on streets to accommodate loading/ companies serving the city centre, the largest of unloading and parking requirements. which are Dublin Bus and Bus Éireann. The two main retail areas in the city centre are City centre bus stops are very heavily used. The centred around Grafton Street (including the city centre is also an important terminus for St. Stephens Green and Powerscourt Shopping bus services. Many of the radial city bus routes Centres) and Henry Street (including the ILAC and terminate within Area MN107. A number of key Jervis Shopping Centres). Both of these streets streets including Parnell Square West, Marlborough are pedestrianised, as are a number of streets in Street and Fleet Street are used for the turnaround their vicinity. of buses to facilitate the operation of inbound and outbound services where passengers board and Employment opportunities are distributed across alight in the core city centre. the full city centre area; however the International Financial Services Area has a concentration of Bus services link with heavy rail services at office based employment opportunities. Kildare Heuston, Connolly and Tara Street and with Luas Street and Dawson Street areas are also significant services at O’Connell Street and St Stephen’s Green. in view of the large number of Government In addition to the on street bus stops, Bus Éireann departments located in their vicinity. have an off street bus station at Busáras, Beresford Temple Bar is a significant cultural and recreational Place. Bus Éireann also has important bus stops on area in Dublin and attracts significant numbers of O’Connell Street, the Quays and Amiens Street. tourists. The area consists of a dense network of There are presently two light rail lines in Dublin city pedestrianised streets. The alignment runs along centre: the Red and Green Luas Lines. The Luas the eastern extent of this area. Green Line is a light rail line which links Sandyford There are a number of cultural and entertainment in south Dublin to Dublin city centre. This line centres located within Area MN107 including terminates at St. Stephens Green adjacent to the galleries, theatres and cinemas. Some hospitals most southerly of the proposed scheme’s stops. The and Garda stations are also located within this Luas Red Line is a light rail line which links Tallaght area, as are a number of universities and schools. in west Dublin to Dublin city centre. This line terminates at Connolly station. The line is currently Infrastructure being extended from Connolly station to the Point The principal routes within the city centre are the Depot. The existing Red Luas Line alignment Outer Orbital Route and the Inner Orbital Route. intersects with the alignment of the proposed The Outer Orbital Route includes North Circular scheme at O’Connell Street. Road, North Wall Quay, East Link Toll Bridge, roads running parallel to the Grand Canal and sections of The city centre is a major destination for taxi trips the South Circular Road. The function of the route and there is a large volume of taxis in Area MN107. is to provide an alternative route for motorists There are approximately 11,000 licensed taxis and crossing the city centre. The Inner Orbital Route limos in the Dublin taximeter area. The peak periods skirts the core inner city area. It extends from for taxi demand are during the evening peak and Parnell Square in the north to St. Stephens Green Friday and Saturday nights. Page 270 in the south and from Merrion Square in the east to Blackhall Place in the west. One of the principal pedestrian corridors is the The Ha’penny and Millennium Bridges are Human Beings: Traffic Parnell Square to St. Stephen’s Green corridor. This pedestrian bridges across the Liffey which connect corridor comprises O’Connell Street, O’Connell Temple Bar to the Henry Street/Earl Street area. All Bridge, College Green and Grafton Street. The of these pedestrian areas and bridges are heavily corridor provides the main north-south pedestrian used. These areas form part of, or are adjacent route through the city. There are wide footpaths to, the main north-south city spine from Parnell along its length and increased time given to Square to St. Stephen’s Green. These two bridges pedestrians at crossings in order to facilitate and the routes to either side of them provide pedestrian movement as much as possible. alternative routes for pedestrians moving between Furthermore, all footpaths and crossings are of the Grafton and Henry Street retail areas. a standard suitable for the mobility impaired. There is a bus lane along Parnell Square East which There are four large pedestrianised areas continues on to the northern end of O’Connell in the city centre: Street, before becoming a dedicated cycle lane. This forms a continuous route which facilitates cyclists - Henry Street/Earl Street - shopping travelling into the city centre from the north. The thoroughfare; northbound carriageway of O’Connell Street also - Temple Bar – historic area with tourist has a bus lane available for cyclists going in the and retail facilities; opposite direction. There are also cycle lanes along the north and south quays to aid east-west travel. - Trinity College – educational facility; However, there are no dedicated cycle lanes or bus - Grafton Street – shopping thoroughfare. lanes available to aid travel to the south city centre. All of these areas are heavily used. These areas Designated cycle parking facilities are provided at a form part of, or are adjacent to, the main north- large number of key destinations in the city centre. south city spine from Parnell Square to St. Utilisation Stephen’s Green. Area MN107 comprises the city centre. As a result the road network is very extensive. Traffic flow data for key roads was extracted from junction traffic counts and the MNTM and analysed. The following table outlines the traffic flows on key links.
Table 15.14 MN107, traffic flows on key links
Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs)
Link Direction Cars and LGVs Bus HGV North Frederick Street South 122 159 2 Dorset Street, between North Frederick Street North 591 40 33 and Granby Row South 828 3 26 Granby Row North 191 93 11 * Parnell Square West North 460 112 80 * Parnell Square North East 381 3 50 * Parnell Square East South 485 127 10 * Parnell Street, West of O’Connell Street West 960 127 78 * Parnell Street, East of O’Connell Street East 133 0 4 West 521 0 57 * O’Connell Street, between Parnell Street North 30 132 14 and Cathal Brugha St South 0 138 0 O’Connell Street, between Abbey Street North 496 108 40 and O’Connell Bridge South 488 133 16 Bachelors Walk East 1,114 100 113 Eden Quay, between O’Connell St East 855 20 104 and Marlborough St West 0 26 0 Page 271 Marlborough Street, between Abbey Street North 26 0 1 and Eden Quay South 101 16 4 Chapter 15 Traffic Flow by user class (Vehicle numbers between 08:00 to 09:00hrs)
Link Direction Cars and LGVs Bus HGV Eden Quay, between Marlborough St East 935 36 107 and Beresford Pl West 0 26 0 O’Connell Bridge North 670 109 43 South 916 240 28 Aston Quay West 594 75 173 Westmoreland Street, between Fleet Street North 772 164 48 and O’Connell Bridge D’Olier Street South 1,417 248 53 Burgh Quay West 993 28 193 Hawkins Street South 2 10 0 Fleet Street, between Westmoreland St East 166 70 6 and D’Olier Street Townsend Street, between D’Olier Street East 487 76 15 and Tara Street Pearse Street, between Tara Street West 131 58 3 and D’Olier Street
College Street, between D’Olier Street West 1,359 329 41 and Westmoreland St Westmoreland Street, between College Street North 1,012 237 55 and Fleet Street College Green, between College Street North 889 191 47 and Grafton St South 1,236 283 33 College Green, between Grafton Street and Dame St West 517 120 18 Grafton Street South 719 163 15 Nassau Street, between Grafton Street East 719 163 15 and Dawson St West 80 81 21 Dawson Street, between Nassau St North 737 92 47 and Molesworth Street Leinster Street South East 1,378 174 41
Kildare Street, between Nassau St South 401 138 9 and Molesworth Street Kildare Street, between Molesworth Street South 882 141 35 and St. Stephens Green North St. Stephens Green North, between Kildare Street West 1,589 83 16 and Dawson Street Dawson Street, between Molesworth Street North 1,426 83 38 and St. Stephens Green North St. Stephens Green North, between Dawson St East 59 0 22 and King Street South West 222 0 0 St Stephens Green West North 2 0 0 South 190 0 0 King Street South West 9 0 1
Page 272 All data from junction traffic counts, unless otherwise indicated: * Metro North Traffic Model (MNTM) Output for 2006 Area MN107 has the greatest concentration of bus An analysis of bus monitoring results indicates Human Beings: Traffic services and bus passengers in the Greater Dublin that there is a large degree of variation between Area. A very large proportion of all bus trips start the minimum and maximum bus speeds. This high and finish within the city centre. Bus services in the level of variation in bus speeds adversely impacts city centre provide access to a very wide catchment on the reliable operation of bus services. In addition area that covers not only Dublin County but also to varying within the peak hours, traffic conditions the outlying counties and connects to all major can change significantly from day to day within the urban centres in Ireland. The existing QBC network central area. This is a result of the unpredictable converges in the city centre. nature of general traffic congestion in this area i.e. speeds and levels of congestion are very sensitive The Luas Lines each have a capacity in excess of to minor changes in the operating environment. 5,000 passengers/hour/per direction. Luas operating conditions in the city centre are Pedestrian movement surveys have been undertaken generally good. Luas Red Line services operate in the areas of St. Stephens Green, O’Connell Bridge on a greater length of city streets and have to cross and Parnell Square East. These surveys indicate that a greater number of major junctions than Green the busiest hours in terms of pedestrian movements Line services. are on Saturday afternoon. The busiest hours are between 16:00 to 17:00hrs for both St. Stephens On weekday mornings, the pavements on St. Green and O’Connell Bridge and between 14:00 and Stephen’s Green West provide a reduced level of 15:00hrs for Parnell Square East. service compared to the rest of the pedestrian areas around the Green. This reduced level of Very high volumes of cyclists were surveyed at service occurs because of the congestion that city centre locations. This is particularly true near occurs due to the combination of high numbers of Trinity College, along Parnell Square East, O’Connell passengers alighting at the terminus of the Luas Street, the north side quays, St. Stephen’s Green Green Line through pedestrian movements. North and West. On Saturdays, the greatest congestion occurs on Cycle parking facilities at the key destinations Grafton Street, which is almost at capacity. The within the city centre are usually heavily over- building-side footpath on St. Stephen’s Green North subscribed. Consequently, there are significant is also heavily congested due to its restricted width. levels of informal cycle parking activity due to the lack of capacity in official parking bays. At O’Connell Bridge, the highest levels of pedestrian congestion are experienced at the pedestrian Conditions experienced crossings. The most congested crossing was Average AM peak hour (08:00 to 09:00hrs) general recorded on Saturday afternoon at the junction of traffic network speed in Area MN107, as extracted Westmoreland Street and Aston Quay. This level of from the validated baseline MNTM for 2006 is 5.5 congestion makes it extremely difficult for cross- km/hour. The road network in this area during the flow movements between pedestrians moving AM peak period is considered to be congested. north-south along Westmoreland Street and those This information is summarised in Annex I, Volume going east-west along the Quays. 3, Book 2 of 2. In the Do Minimum future year scenarios, average car speeds reduce in most years The footpaths along Parnell Square East are not when compared to the 2006 baseline situation. This usually congested. The eastern footpath is more decrease in speeds is because of a general increase heavily used than the western on both Thursday in traffic volumes throughout the seven areas. and Saturdays. This is probably due to the presence of a school, crèche, café and numerous offices as Current bus speeds in the city centre are low. well as several bus stops along the eastern side of The average bus speeds for majority of the the square. existing QBCs in the central area (Parnell Square – O’Connell Street – Westmoreland Street – St Dublin city centre does not represent an ideal Stephen’s Green) are between 7kph and 10kph cycle environment. This is primarily due to the during the AM peak hour. The low bus speeds reflect fragmented nature of the cycle network, heavy the congestion experienced within the city centre traffic volumes, significant levels of congestion and the long dwell time of buses at busy city centre and extensive bus related kerbside activities. stops due to large number of passengers boarding Furthermore there are large numbers of one-way and alighting. systems in place, which result in significant detours for cyclists. Page 273
Total 26 9 13 13 23 11 13 6 8 43 39 10 26 12 26 Fatal Fatal Accidents 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 Serious Injury Accidents 3 0 2 0 1 2 3 0 0 3 7 0 2 0 3 The frequency of accidents within Area MN107 is MN107 Area within accidents of The frequency highest the recorded Bridge O’Connell high. very between 43 occurring with accidents, of number pedestrians these involved 58% of 2006. 2001 and the of All minor in nature. primarily though were of numbers high recorded in the City Centre Quays Quay, Burgh at in total 117 recorded with accidents, Quay, House Custom Quay, Eden Quay, Georges Ormond Quay Quay, Essex Quay, Wood Merchant’s and Aston Quay Wellington Walk, Bachelors Lower, pedestrians, accidents involved these of 41% Quay. the Due to motorcyclists. involved 11% while MN107, accidents within Area of frequency sensitive. as highly can be classed the area Minor Injury Accidents 23 9 11 13 22 8 9 6 8 40 28 10 24 12 22 Location Table 15.15 MN107, number of personal injury accidents by link injury accidents by personal number of MN107, 15.15 Table data Accident the RPA provided has Authority Safety The Road in which database, accident their traffic with Authority Roads the National from is derived itself This the period 2001-2006. for accident database Garda the national from is condensed information on accidents categorises which system reporting fatal, i.e. injury incurred, of the severity of the basis serious or minor. the number of illustrates table The following on particular links occurred have accidents which these that noted be It should MN106. within Area to not of accidents and to the number relate figures individuals involved. the number of Burgh Quay – Georges Quay – Georges Quay Burgh Church St between Inn’s Quay and King St Quay Inn’s St between Church Church St between King St and Western Way King St and Western St between Church Dame St - College Green Dame St - College Eden Quay – Custom House Quay – Custom Quay Eden Gardiner St Gardiner High St Bridge St High St Bridge Lombard St Lombard Merchant’s Wood Quay – Essex Quay – Essex Quay Wood Merchant’s O’Connell Bridge Ormond Quay Lower – Bachelors Walk – Bachelors Lower Ormond Quay Parnell Square East Square Parnell Pearse St Pearse St Stephens Green St Stephens Wellington Quay – Aston Quay Quay – Aston Quay Wellington
Chapter 15 Page 274 Flora and Fauna t t t y a
a auna n n a
Baseline categorisation methodolog Baseline categorisation Introductio Study are Baseline dat criteri Baseline categorisation the baseline environmen of and categorisation Description environmen the baseline of Description the baseline environmen of Categorisation Introductio lora 16.2 16.2.1 16.2.2 16.2.3 16.2.4 16.3 16.3.1 16.3.2 F F and 16.1 16 Flora and Fauna Page 277
y categorisation aseline (UK Highways Authority, 1993); 1993); Authority, (UK Highways ’Guidelines for the Assessment of Ecological Ecological the Assessment of ’Guidelines for and Bridges’ Roads ’Design Manual for Assessment Impact Ecological ’Guidelines for in the United Kingdom’ (Institute of Ecology of (Institute Kingdom’ in the United 2006). (IEEM), Management and Environmental Impacts of National Road Schemes’ (NRA, 2006); (NRA, Schemes’ Road National of Impacts
16.2 B methodolog Introduction 16.2.1 the methodology used in presents This section As environment. assessing the baseline ecological with guidance EPA relevant as considering the well the scope and 2003), 2002, EISs (EPA, to respect the baseline assessment has been methodology for guidelines: the following of in consideration devised - - - The baseline ecological environment has been environment The baseline ecological consultation study, a desktop through defined surveys. and field stakeholders with relevant
National Biodiversity Plan 2002; Plan 2002; Biodiversity National Plan 2007-2010. Action Dublin City Biodiversity National Heritage Plan 2002; Heritage National Plan 2002-2006; Dublin City Heritage Plan 2005-2010; Fingal Heritage Fingal County Development Plan 2005-2011; Plan 2005-2011; Fingal County Development Plan 2005-2011; Dublin City Development The findings of this review are summarised are review of this The findings this EIS of chapter in the Planning and Policy 4). Chapter 1, Volume ( ------This chapter describes the baseline nature nature describes the baseline This chapter the route. along interests conservation a number of this chapter, preparing Prior to reviewed were documents planning and policy plans, ascertainto if the documents contain any fauna and flora to relating policies or objectives documents The following area. within the study reviewed: been have 16.1 Introduction 16.1 This chapter of the EIS has been prepared in order order in prepared been has EIS the of chapter This significantly affected by the proposed scheme. scheme. proposed the by affected significantly fauna. and flora of respect in requirement this fulfil to aspects of the environment that are likely to be be to likely are that environment the of aspects statement (EIS) must contain a description of the the of a description contain must (EIS) statement 2001 specifies that an environmental impact impact environmental an that specifies 2001 Section 39(2)(b) of the Railway Infrastructure Act, Act, Infrastructure Railway the of 39(2)(b) Section
Width of study area (on both both (on area study Width of the alignment) sides of 10km 500m 500m 500m 500m 500m 500m The study area for designated sites comprises comprises sites designated for area The study 10km within all areas the line of the central of with accordance This is in alignment. proposed 2006). (IEMA, in Ireland practice best Habitats to be surveyed to Habitats Special (SAC), Conservation of Special Areas Areas Heritage Natural (SPA), Areas Protection National Sites, Ramsar Reserves, Nature (NHA), Fauna for Refuge Parks, and hedgerows habitats Woodland ground above of in the area and streams Rivers alignment the proposed of sections and bridges (buildings, Man-made structures including rivers, culverts) habitats and aquatic with associated habitats water and still streams etc. woodlands scrub hedgerows, as part as identified of birds for habitats Suitable Survey. the Phase 1 Habitat of wintering heights flight record to Specific survey SPA Swords Meadow the Broad of area in the birds identified during the habitats Specific aquatic to a high potential as having Survey Phase I Habitat rivers ponds, lakes, e.g. amphibian habitat provide habitats accessible All
Designated Sites Designated Badger Otter Bats Birds Amphibians Phase I Habitats Table 16.1 Study area Study area 16.1 Table Environmental aspect 16.2.2 Study area 16.2.2 this of aspects individual for area study The shown As 16.1. Table in out set is topic environmental any comprises area study the general in table, the in proposed the of line centre the of 500m within area 16.1). Figure in illustrated (as alignment
Chapter 16 Page 278 Flora and Fauna Page 279
NPWS’s records of protected species species protected of records NPWS’s 1993) Book (Whilde, Data Red National Parks and Wildlife Service’s (NPWS) Service’s and Wildlife Parks National undertaken with appropriate Consultation aerial photography High resolution ERM between out by carried surveys Field database of designated conservation sites conservation designated of database the Eastern the NPWS, of representatives and other (ERFB) Fisheries Board Regional and agencies groups conservation relevant EIS this of chapter Consultation the in out set (as 7) Chapter 1, (Volume 2006 and 2008 16.2.4 Baseline categorisation criteria criteria 16.2.4 Baseline categorisation been have corridor route the along habitats The The complexes’. ‘habitat of series a into up divided categorised is complexes these of each of value guidance NRA the in out set criteria the to according road from impacts ecological the assessing on baseline the evaluate criteria These (2006). schemes that resources habitat ecological the to respect in context. geographical defined a within occur Importance 16.2.4.1 of a number Importance in consideration is defined designations statutory including: factors of potential or international), national (regional, support to or potential support biodiversity to species. or endangered protected 16.2.4.2 Sensitivity number a of consideration in defined is Sensitivity size, population/habitat including: factors of increasing). or stable (declining, status or abundance Detailed fauna surveys fauna Detailed identified habitats Survey The Phase I Habitat fauna protected of a range for suitable are which the scheme. by be affected could species that survey of the habitat the findings of Consideration being undertaken surveys detailed more to led otter ), meles (Meles badger in 2007 and 2008 for ) and amphibians (Chiroptera bats ), lutra (Lutra in birds of wintering survey A flight-line (Amphibia). also was SPA Swords Meadow the Broad of the area The assessment. the impact inform out to carried summarised within are of these surveys findings the baseline evaluation. Data source Data ------
Level 1 habitats: habitat type; type; habitat 1 habitats: Level sub-groups; habitat 2 habitats: Level individual habitats. 3 habitats: Level Protected species Protected Book species Data Red and evaluation Habitat identification prior to field surveys to field prior identification Habitat mapping and species identification, Habitat General information General Designated conservation sites conservation Designated
The evaluation of the hedgerow habitats as part as habitats of the hedgerow of The evaluation is based on principles Survey the Phase I Habitats 2008). (NRA, out in the NRA guidelines set be safely not could Survey The Phase I Habitat Stream the Cuckoo of areas out along carried Dublin Airportthe boundary of it lies within because this area that The fact the runway. to and close the affect however be accessed does not not could the baseline habitats the EIA because quality of aerial of review through be determined could will Stream the Cuckoo Furthermore, photography. scheme the proposed upon by be impacted not will pass under the Cuckoo the scheme because in a tunnel.Stream ------Information required Information - Table 16.2 Data sources sources Data 16.2 Table are shown in Table 16.2. Table in shown are 16.2.3 Baseline data Baseline 16.2.3 the baseline compile used to sources The data 16.2.3.1 Field surveys Field 16.2.3.1 Survey Phase I Habitat out in carried was habitats of A Phase I survey This 2007. 2006 and March August/September within 500m comprised all areas survey the of The survey alignment. the proposed line of central follows that out using an approach carried was Council (The the Heritage by produced guidance classified The survey 2002). Council, Heritage framework a hierarchical to according habitats (2000): described in Fossit Chapter 16
16.2.4.3 Existing adverse effects 16.2.4.4 Functional value The NRA guidelines recognise that some habitats The application of the criteria outlined in Table may be affected by factors such as anthropogenic 16.3, in conjunction with the guidance documents modification or poor water quality. These existing referred to above, facilitates the assignment of a adverse effects must be taken into consideration value to the habitats that are present within the when categorising the baseline. study area. For the purpose of this report, the functional value is considered to reflect the NRA categories as shown in Table 16.3.
Table 16.3 Criteria for baseline categorisation (NRA)
Functional NRA category Qualifying criteria value A Internationally - Sites of international importance designated or Very high Important qualified for designation as SAC or SPA under (V) the EU Habitats or Bird Directive;
- Undesignated sites containing good examples of Annex I priority habitats under the EU Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC; - Major salmon river fisheries; - Major salmonid (salmon, trout or char) lake fisheries. B Nationally - Sites or waters designated or proposed as NHA or statutory High Important Nature Reserves; (IV) - Undesignated sites containing good examples of Annex I habitats under the EU Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC; - Undesignated sites containing significant numbers of resident or regularly occurring populations of Annex II species under the EU Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC or Annex I species under the EU Birds Directive or species protected under the Wildlife Act, 1976 and Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000;
- Major trout river fisheries; - Water bodies with major amenity fishery value; - Commercially important coarse fisheries. C Locally Important - Sites containing semi-natural habitat types with high Medium – High Value biodiversity in a local context and a high degree of naturalness, (III) or significant populations of locally rare species;
- Small water bodies with known salmonid populations or with good potential salmonid habitat;
- Sites containing any resident or regularly occurring populations of Annex II species under the EU Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC or Annex I species under the EU Birds Directive;
- Large water bodies with some coarse fisheries value. D Locally Important - Sites containing some semi-natural habitat or habitat Low – Moderate Value considered to be locally important for wildlife; (II) - Small water bodies with some coarse fisheries value or some potential salmonid habitat;
- Any water body with unpolluted water (Q-value rating 4-5). E Locally Important - Artificial or highly modified habitats with low species diversity Very low – Low Value and low wildlife value; (I) - Water bodies with no current fisheries value and no significant potential fisheries value. Page 280
As well as the criteria set out above, the baseline Flora and Fauna categorisation also takes into consideration the 16.3.1 Description of the baseline environment criteria set out by the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM, 2006). The 16.3.1.1 Designated sites results of the baseline categorisation in terms of functional value are shown in Table 16.7 and Designated sites identified within 10km of the illustrated on maps (Baseline Flora and Fauna proposed alignment comprise: - Habitat Complexes and Bat Records). - Special Protection Areas (SPAs); - candidate Special Areas of Conservation (cSACs); 16.3 Description and categorisation - proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHAs). of the baseline environment
The sites within 10 km are listed in Table 16.4 and described in the following sections.
Table 16.4 Designated sites within 10km of the proposed alignment Approximate minimum distance to the proposed Site name Site code Status alignment Broad Meadow/Swords Estuary 004025 SPA 732m Baldoyle Bay 004016 SPA 6,237m North Bull Island 004006 SPA 5,065m Rogerstown Estuary 004015 SPA 3,216m Sandymount Strand/Tolka Estuary (northern subsite) 004024 SPA 2,226m Sandymount Strand/Tolka Estuary (southern subsite) 004024 SPA 3,013m Baldoyle Bay 000199 cSAC 6,237m Malahide Estuary 000205 cSAC 242m North Dublin Bay 000206 cSAC 5,075m Rogerstown Estuary 000208 cSAC 1,959m South Dublin Bay 000210 cSAC 3,011m Malahide Estuary 000205 pNHA 242m North Dublin Bay 000206 pNHA 1,829m Rogerstown Estuary 000208 pNHA 1,959m Portraine Shore 001215 pNHA 6,423m Feltrim Hill 001208 pNHA 1,837m Sluice River Marsh 001763 pNHA 5,179m Baldoyle Bay 000199 pNHA 6,237m Santry Demesne (northern subsite) 000178 pNHA 361m Santry Demesne (southern subsite) 000178 pNHA 683m Royal Canal 002103 pNHA 0m Grand Canal 002104 pNHA 669m Dolphins, Dublin Docks 000201 pNHA 4,130m South Dublin Bay 000210 pNHA 3,011m Booterstown Marsh 001205 pNHA 4,794m Page 281 Chapter 16 Approximate minimum distance to the proposed Site name Site code Status alignment Dalkey Coastal Zone and Killiney Hill 001206 pNHA 9,958m Fitzsimon’s Wood 001753 pNHA 7,694m Bog of the Ring (eastern subsite) 001204 pNHA 9,976m Bog of the Ring (central subsite) 001204 pNHA 9,646m Bog of the Ring (western subsite) 001204 pNHA 9,995m Liffey Valley (eastern subsite) 000128 pNHA 5,691m Liffey Valley (western subsite) 000128 pNHA 9,672m Dodder Valley 000991 pNHA 7,184m
Broad Meadow/Swords/Malahide Estuary The SPA includes the area between Portmarnock contains a SPA (Site Code 004025), a cSAC and a village and Sutton Cross and only includes the area pNHA (Site Code 000205). The boundaries of these on the landward side of the Portmarnock spit. The designated sites differ considerably. The SPA is Mayne and Sluice rivers drain into the inner part located approximately 0.7km east of the alignment of the estuary. At low tide large areas of intertidal and between the towns of Malahide and Swords, flats are exposed. Baldoyle Bay supports an while the candidate SAC and a proposed NHA is internationally important population of pale-bellied located 0.2km east of the alignment and to the brent geese along with many other species of north of Malahide and east of Swords. The River birds and has therefore been designated as a SPA Broad Meadow, flows into this estuary which is under the EU Birds Directive. The inner estuarine lagoonal in character. At low tide, the outer part area of the site has been designated as a wetland of the estuary is completely emptied, exposing of international importance under the Ramsar extensive intertidal sand and mud flats. In parts Convention and is a Statutory Nature Reserve of the outer and extreme inner estuary there are (site of importance for wildlife protected under salt marsh habitats. The site is of international Ministerial Order). The site is a cSPA under the EU importance due to the population of light-bellied Habitats Directive. Qualifying interests of the site brent geese that visit the site each winter. The include four Annex I listed habitats: ‘Salicornia site is of high conservation importance due to the and other annuals colonising mud and sands’, high diversity of birds which feed, roost and spend ‘Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)’, winter there. Three species regularly observed on ‘Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia the site (golden plover, bar-tailed godwit and ruff) maritimiae)’ and ‘Mudflats and Sandflats not are listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. Many covered by seawater at low tide’. Within the other species of birds are to be found at the site. Mayne marsh, part of Baldoyle Bay, there are two This site is one of the few sites in eastern Ireland plant species legally protected under the Flora where substantial numbers of Goldeneye and a (Protection) Order, 1999. duck species of the sub-family Anatinae can be North Dublin Bay / North Bull Island contains found. The site was selected for the presence of a SPA (Site Code 004006) and a cSAC and pNHA the following seven habitats listed in Annex I of the (Site Code 000206). Each of the designations, Habitats Directive: Fixed Grey Dunes, Salicornia although within the same location has different Mud, Atlantic Salt Meadows, Mediterranean Salt boundaries. The SPA is approximately 5.1km east Meadows, Spartina Swards, Shifting Dunes of of the alignment and extends from Dublin Bay on Ammophila, Mudflats and Sandflats. the northside to Drumleck Point at Howth Head. Baldoyle Bay contains a SPA (Site Code 004016), The SPA also encompasses the coast from Clontarf a cSAC and a pNHA (Site Code 000199). The to Sutton including North Bull Island. The pNHA boundaries of these designated sites differ is located 1.8km to the east of the alignment and considerably. The SPA, cSAC and pNHA are located covers the inner part of north Dublin Bay and the approximately 6.2km to the east of the alignment. seaward boundary from the Bull Wall lighthouse The cSAC and pNHA extend from Portmarnock to the Martello Tower at Howth Head. The cSAC is village to the west pier of Howth Harbour and the smaller of the three designations and covers include the seaward side of the Portmarnock spit. the area from the mainland shore to the Bull Wall lighthouse to Martello Tower at Howth Head, including North Bull Island, and is located 5.1 km to
Page 282 the east of the alignment. Flora and Fauna Page 283
(Site Code Code (Site ).and hirta).and Viola ), ), Hypericum hirsutum ). secalinum). Hordeum County Dublin. south of Santry Demesne pNHA (000178) is located sub- The two Road. Ballymun of the M50 and east approximately Santry Demesne pNHA are of sites This the alignment. of the east to 0.4km and 0.7km demesne. a former of comprises the remnant site the presence a pNHA due to is designated This site wort ( John’s the hairy St. of (Protection) under the Floral is protected which 1999. Order, Rogerstown Estuary cSAC and pNHA and cSAC Estuary Rogerstown of east the to 2.0km approximately is which 00208), the of parts fringing saltmarshes has alignment, the on and shores southern the on especially estuary, are which species, plant Two spit. outer the of parts Order, (Protection) Flora the under protected legally the of area outer The site. the on present are 1999, Reserve Nature Statutory a as designated is estuary the Within Directive. Birds EU the under SPA a is and of I Annex on listed habitats several are there site international of is site The Directive. Habitats EU the ground breeding a is and waterfowl for importance site the on found plants rare Three terns. little for ( violet hairy importance, its to add ( barley meadow Code (Site and pNHA cSAC South Dublin Bay 3.0km the east to approximately 000210) is located the South Wall from the alignment and extends of Dun Laoghaire pier of west the to Liffey the River of and waterfowl is importantThe site for Harbour. including roseate also supports terns of species I of on Annex all listed godwits, and bar-tailed tern of is an example This site Directive. the EU Birds a habitat sand and mudflats, of system a coastal Directive. the EU Habitats I of on Annex listed is Code 001215) pNHA (Site Shore Portraine and Donabate of 3km east approximately located The the alignment. of 6.4km east approximately with some intertidal shore rocky of a stretch is site is a shore the rocky Above the south. towards area plant species of Various vegetation. of strip narrow is The site on this site. found be to are and birds diversity also important its habitat of because and geology. Code 001208) is located Hill pNHA (Site Feltrim alignment. the proposed 2km from approximately and only been produced yet has not synopsis A site 2008). (NPWS, boundary is available the site Code 001763) is pNHA (Site Marsh Sluice River Portmarnock of 1km west approximately located the of east 5.2km and approximately Village Baldoyle into flows The Sluice River alignment. species numerous to is host This site Estuary. heron, grey snipe, Mallard, plants and birds. of on the present bunting are moorhen and reed is also This site nearby. nesting with herons site in habitat rare important it being a relatively due to
(Site Code (Site (Site Code 004015) is Code 004015) is (Site ), hemp nettle (Galeopsis nettle hemp ), , which is listed on Annex II of II of on Annex is listed which , Saxifraga (Saxifraga saxifrage meadow ), angustifolia (Protection) the Flora under ) protected granulata on North plant found of species Two 1999. Order, wild Book, Data in the Red listed are Bull Island (Vicia and spring vetch (Salvia verbenaca) sage the island is a side of The landward . lathyroides) wintering for site and is a roosting area saltmarsh important in the most is one of sites SPA The birds. international It is of waterfowl. wintering for Ireland and geese brent of numbers importance the to due presence as the regular as well godwit bar-tailed It is also I species. Annex Directive the EU Birds of bird fifteen another importancenational for of liverwort, rare A species. insect species and three ralfsii Petalophyllum has also been observed Directive, the EU Habitats International North is also of Dublin Bay on the site. light-bellied of importance its population due to Nationally godwit. and bar-tailed knot geese, brent in the site. important also present species are species of seven least also contains at The site important invertebrates. or nationally regionally part are tidal flats The island and the surrounding The Reserves. Nature Statutory separate two of are that (areas Sanctuary also a Wildfowl is site birds so that season order’, ’open the from excluded a Ramsar Convention undisturbed), can remain Reserve a Biosphere Reserve, a Biogenetic site, habitats Ten site. Amenity Order and Special Area to are Directive the EU Habitats I of on Annex listed with is listed which one of within the site, be found priority status. SPA Estuary Rogerstown the of east the to 3.2km approximately located estuary This Donabate. of north 2km and alignment sand a by sea open the from protected is and small is eastwards extends SPA The peninsula. shingle and area and includes and mark water low the beyond and Ballyboghil the Both water. marine shallow of has site The estuary. the into drain rivers Ballough EU the of I Annex on listed habitats of examples good internationally an is estuary The Directive. Habitats of is and geese brent pale-bellied for site important a is It species. 14 another for importance national EU the under cSAC a and Reserve Nature statutory Directive. Habitats SPA Estuary Sandymount Strand/Tolka of 2.2km east approximately 004024) is located of area comprises a large This SPA the alignment. the south of of including the tidal area Dublin Bay River. Tolka the of the estuary of and much the bay at their 3km wide are intertidal flats The south bay importance international is of The site point. widest light-bellied it supporting of population a due to for and supporting roost an autumn goose brent national species of It also supports six bird terns. gull Mediterranean godwit, Bar-tailed importance. the I of on Annex all listed species are and tern Directive. EU Birds The island consists of a well-developed dynamic a well-developed of consists The island the on Found side. on the seaward system dune centaury lesser species, plant rare three are island pulchellum (Centaurium Chapter 16 Royal Canal pNHA (Site Code 002103) is an artificial Dalkey Coastal Zone and Killiney Hill pNHA structure connecting the River Liffey to the River (Site Code 001206), located approximately 10km Shannon. Along the canal a number of habitats to the south-east of the alignment, is a pNHA, are to be found, including: hedgerow, tall herbs, consisting of the coastal stretch from Scotman’s calcareous grassland, reed fringe, open water, scrub Bay to south of White Rock, and taking in the Dalkey and woodland. Otter spraints are commonly found Island Group, Dalkey Sound and Killiney Hill. This where the canal passes over a river or stream. site is coastal system with a range of habitats The canal also supports the rare and protected ranging from sub-littoral to coastal heath. There opposite-leaved pondweed (Groenlandia densa) are numerous scarce species succeeding in the and the rare stonewort (Tolypella intricate), which area including species of the Order Nudibrachia is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ in the Irish Red Data Book. and the Spiny Starfish (Marthasterias glacialis). The diversity of species present along the length The islands are an important site for birds such of the canal makes this pNHA a site of significant as roseate tern ands arctic tern. The site is also ecological value. of geological importance.
Grand Canal pNHA (Site Code 002104) is an Fitzsimon’s Wood pNHA (Site Code 001753) artificially constructed waterway which connects is located approximately 7.7km to the south the River Liffey with the Shannon River at Shannon of the alignment. The site supports a resident Harbour and the Barrow Rover at Athy. At the population of sika deer, an active badger sett and nearest point it is approximately 0.7km to the south a smooth newt population (http://www. dlrcoco. of the alignment. Within the pNHA are to be found ie/Meetings/2003/CountyCouncil/spmtg_25mar. various different habitats including hedgerow, tall pdf). The NPWS has not published a site synopsis herbs, calcareous grassland, reed fringe, open for this site. water, scrub and woodland. Otter spraints are to be Bog of the Ring pNHA (Site Code 001204) is found along the towpath, especially where the canal situated 5km south-west of Balbriggan. This site passes a river or stream. The ponds at Gollierstown consists of three separate sub-sites of which two in Co. Dublin support common newt, a protected are approximately 10km north of the alignment species. A number of sites in the eastern section and the other is 9.6km, also to the north of the of the Main Line, between Lowtown and Ringsend alignment. The site is a flat low lying area with poor Basin contain the rare and opposite-leaved drainage. This site is one of only a few marshes in pondweed (Groenlandia densa), which is protected County Dublin. The site is host to a variety of bird under the Flora Protection Order, 1999. This site and plant species. is of importance due to the ecological value of the diversity of species it supports. Liffey Valley pNHA (Site Code 000128) is a potential NHA along the River Liffey between Leixlip Bridge Dolphins, Dublin Docks pNHA (Site Code 000201) and Palmerstown. This site consists of two separate is a tern breeding site at the entrance to the Port subsites, one of which is 9.7km to the west of the of Dublin near the old sewage works at Ringsend. alignment and the other is 5.7km to the west of This site is located approximately 4.1km to the east the alignment. The rare and legally protected hairy of the alignment. The site consists of two moorings St. John’s wort (Hypericum hirsutum) has been that are used by common and arctic terns and recorded on this site, along with the threatened roosting cormorants. The terns regularly nest in yellow archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon). Both the Dolphins. This site is important due to the tern are Irish Red Data Book listed species. This site is colony, especially the arctic tern which is scarce included in the Liffey Valley Special Amenity Area on the east coast. Order 1990. The diversity of aquatic and terrestrial Booterstown Marsh pNHA (Site Code 0001205) habitats and the presence of rare and threatened is located approximately 3km south of Dublin City plant species make this site very important. and 4.8km to the south-east of the alignment. It Dodder Valley pNHA (Site Code 000991) is a is bordered on the east by the Dublin – Wexford potential NHA stretching for approximately railway line and on the west by the Dublin 2km from Firhouse Bridge to Oldbawn Bridge – Blackrock road. The marsh is situated on glacial in the south-west of Dublin city. This site is tills which are underlain by Black Limestone. Two located approximately 7.2km to the south-west streams, the Trimelston stream and the Nutley of the alignment. The vegetation on this site is stream, run through the site. The site supports predominantly woodland scrub. There is diversity numerous species of birds including kingfishers, an of plant species in the wild flower meadows along Annex I species under the Birds Directive. Various the river banks. Forty-eight bird species have been other rare species of birds have also been observed recorded within the site such as kingfisher and little on the site such as little egret and yellow wagtail. grebe, and it also supports a breeding colony of It is the only saltmarsh in south Dublin and is a sand martens. This site is the only remaining area of valuable habitat for birds and plants. natural river bank vegetation of the Dodder within the Greater Dublin Area. Page 284 Flora and Fauna Page 285 Level 3 Habitats Level rivers Eroding/upland Depositing/lowland rivers Canals ditches Drainage Other artificial and ponds lakes grassland agricultural Improved (improved) Amenity grassland grassland and neutral Dry calcareous verges and grassy Dry meadows grassland Wet Marsh Scrub woodland Immature shrub Ornamental/non-native Hedgerows Treelines crop Arable Horticultural land land Tilled beds and borders Flower and artificialBuildings surfaces or till gravel Exposed sand, ground Spoil and bare ground bare Recolonising waste and other Refuse Tidal Rivers Level 2 Habitat sub-group 2 Habitat Level FW2 FW3 FW4 FL8 GA2 GS1 GS2 GS4 GM1 WS2 WS3 WL1 WL2 BC2 BC3 BC4 BL3 ED2 ED3 ED5 FW1 GA1 WS1 BC1 ED1 CW2 Habitat Classification System Classification Habitat Level 1 Habitat Type 1 Habitat Level Table 16.5 Table Freshwater (F) Freshwater (G) Grassland Woodland (W) & Scrub Cultivated & Built Land (B) & Exposed Rock (E) Ground Disturbed (C) Coastland 16.3.1.2 Habitats and flora Habitats 16.3.1.2 are area study within the recorded The habitats and Fauna Flora on maps (Baseline illustrated included in Records) and Bat Complexes - Habitat 1) habitat (Level Six general 2. Book 1 of 3, Volume scheme. the proposed identified along were groups using been categorised have groups These habitat to ‘Guide in the defined are that the classifications 16.5). 2000) (Table (Fossit, in Ireland’ Habitats Chapter 16 The most frequently occurring habitats within Biological sampling, undertaken by the the study area are cultivated land, built land Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2005 and improved agricultural grassland. Several recorded a Q-value of 2-3 for the Broad Meadow watercourses are also located within study area. River at Lissenhall Bridge. This Q-value indicates The majority of the habitats recorded have been moderately polluted water (see the Surface modified by human activity and do not represent Water chapter of this EIS (Volume 1, Chapter 19)). natural or semi-natural habitats. Each of the Level Even though the water quality is degraded, the 1 Habitat Types and Level 2 Habitat subgroups Broad Meadow River and the associated riparian specified in Table 16.5 are described in the vegetation, particularly to the east of the alignment, following sections. still supports a number of protected fish and mammal species and is also directly linked to the Freshwater habitats (F) Broad Meadow/Swords/Malahide Estuary cSAC, A number of rivers, ponds and drainage ditches SPA and pNHA. are located within the study area in the vicinity Ward River of the proposed alignment. The confluence of the Ward River and the Broad A number of freshwater habitats occur within Meadow River is located within the study area. the study area and are listed: The Ward River is a depositing river with sections that have undergone anthropogenic modification - Broad Meadow and Ward Rivers which drain to with the installation of canalised sections, weirs, the Malahide Estuary cSAC and Broad Meadow/ culverts and bridges. Natural bankside vegetation Swords Estuary SPA and pNHA; borders the river at other sections within the study - Sluice River (both tributaries) which feeds into area, such as at Swords linear park. Bankside the River Marsh pNHA; vegetation to the north of Swords is dominated by herbaceous plants and grasses while sections - River Mayne; bordered by woodland occur within the urban - Santry River; areas of Swords. Species inventory comprise typically nitrophilic species of damp ground such - Tolka River as great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), common (which feeds into the Tolka Estuary SPA); comfrey (Symphytum officinale) and meadowsweet - Royal Canal (pNHA); (Filipendula ulmaria) while dock species (Rumex spp.) and field bindweed Convolvulus( arvensis) are - River Liffey; also present. Woodland species comprise willow - Drainage Ditches; (Salix spp.), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and elm (Ulmus spp.) Recent biological sampling of the Ward River - Artificial Ponds. undertaken by the EPA (2005) at Scotchstone Broad Meadow River Bridge and Killeeck Bridge recorded a Q-value of 2- The part of the Broad Meadow River which is 3, which indicates moderately polluted water. While within the study area is tidal (CW2) due to its close the water quality is degraded, the Ward River, like proximity to the Broad Meadow Estuary. The section the Broad Meadow River, still supports a range of the Broad Meadow River within the study area of wildlife species. experiences fluctuations in water levels, salinity Sluice River and turbidity typical of tidal rivers and also displays The Sluice River is characteristic of an eroding/ characteristics of a low lying depositing river. To the upland river (FW1) within the study area. Steep east of the proposed alignment the river is bordered banks, colonised by natural riparian vegetation are on both sides by established woodland habitat. associated with this river. Large areas of shading It includes a range of tree species notably poplar have resulted in a low diversity of in-stream (Populus spp.), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), vegetation. The river bed is characterised by coarse small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata), horse chestnut material such as gravel, rocks and pebbles. This (Aesculus hippocastanum), field maple Acer( river flows into a designated conservation area campestre) and birch (Betula pendula). This habitat (Baldoyle Bay cSAC) and supports national and is predominantly immature containing some European protected fauna species. mature trees. Shrub species such as hazel (Corylus avellana) and some larch (Larix decidua) are also Mayne River present. In stream vegetation includes duckweeds Within the study area, the Mayne River is located (Lemna spp.) and pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.). within the grounds of the Dublin Airport Authority. The river is not crossed by the proposed alignment and therefore is not discussed in detail in this chapter. A description of this river is provided in the Surface Water chapter of this EIS (Volume 1, Chapter 19). Page 286 Santry River Artificial Ponds Flora and Fauna The Santry River (FW2) feeds the artificial ponds of Artificial ponds (FL8) were recorded the Santry Demesne pNHA and provides a habitat at the following locations: for the protected hairy St. John’s wort. The river is - Blessington Street Park comprises intensively culverted where it crosses the existing Ballymun managed lawns and shrub plantations Road. The section of the river to the south-west of enclosing an open waterbody. The waterbody the M50 Roundabout is characterised by species is predominantly free of water plants and the poor stands of water cress (Rorippa nasturticum- perimeter comprises concrete banks. A small aquaticum agg.). area of broadleaved woodland, dominated by Tolka River native tree species such as willows (Salix spp.), Tolka River, a depositing lowland river (FW2) is located on an island in the middle of the is characterised by predominantly concrete pond. Waterfowl such as mallards occur in large embankments and beds which provide very little numbers in and around the waterbody. potential for in-stream vegetation. The section to - Crowscastle Barryspark at Fosterstown South: the west of the proposed scheme is located within The site comprises two artificial lakes, adjoining urban parkland characterised by amenity grassland the Airside Shopping Centre access road. The and mature trees such as willow (Salix spp.), horse lakes are fed by surface water from the shopping chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and sycamore centre car park, and as a result display signs of (Acer pseudoplatanus). The section to the east of poor water quality, with visible traces of oil on the the river is characterised by vertical retained walls surface of the water. Broad-leaved Pondweed to either side of the watercourse which prevent the (Potamogeton natans) is common throughout establishment of riparian vegetation. the lakes. Other aquatic vegetation is largely Royal Canal restricted to shallow areas around the lake The proposed alignment passes under the Royal margins and includes: bulrush (Typha latifolia) Canal. Riparian vegetation present on the banks of with an approximate cover of 10m² within the the Royal Canal is characterised by species poor western pond; common spike rush (Eleocharis amenity grassland (GA2). Species poor stands palustris); and soft rush (Juncus effusus). of reed sweet-grass (Glyceria maxima) exist, as - Santry Demesne: The Santry River enters well as reed canary grass and amphibious bistort this site from the west and feeds a system of (Persicaria amphibian) directly adjacent to the artificial ponds within the demesne. An artificial water body. The section of the Royal Canal occurring pond is located to the north of Santry Demesne. within the study area is also part of the designated The shallow waters of the pond are surrounded NHA and as such is an ecological resource of by gently sloping banks. national importance. - Within the parklands at St. Stephen’s Green: River Liffey St. Stephen’s Green is an intensively managed The tidal River Liffey (CW2) are crossed by the amenity parkland located within Dublin’s proposed alignment. This river is highly modified city centre. This park contains a number of and is characterised by retained walls which artificial ponds and woodland habitats. The canalise the river over the entire width of the study banks of open water bodies are either concrete area, and no in-stream vegetation was recorded. or stone walls. Water weeds within the pond Drainage Ditches system comprise rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllun Drainage ditches (FW4) occur within the northern demersum) and common duckweed (Lemna half of the study area, mainly between the areas minor). The dominant trees surrounding the north of the M50 and Lissenhall, and are associated banks of the ponds are London plane (Platanus with hedgerows and field boundaries. The species x hispida) and willows (Salix spp.). diversity of the ditches varies, but many comprise Grassland habitats (G) stagnant water, often choked by aquatic vegetation, Grassland habitats are one of the main habitat types such as water starwort (Callitriche stagnalis) and recorded within the study area. Improved agricultural duckweeds (Lemna spp.). Some of the drainage grasslands (GA1) in particular are the dominant ditches in the area of Lissenhall also show signs habitat type between Lissenhall and Swords, of contamination. and also occur at Fosterstown. These grasslands are characterised by low species diversity and are dominated by rye grasses (Lolium spp.). The grasslands are intensively managed for livestock grazing. They are of low botanical value, although they provide habitat for a range of fauna species. Page 287 Chapter 16 Amenity grasslands (improved) (GA2) were Hedgerows (WL1) and treelines (WL2) are mainly identified in a number of areas within the study restricted to the grassland habitats to the north area. These include parklands and residential of the M50. Hedgerows function as important gardens within the urbanised city centre and ecological corridors in a modified landscape and suburbs of Dublin and Swords. This type of can provide linkages between habitats of high grassland is species poor and is dominated by ecological resource. Hedgerows are the dominant daisy (Bellis perennis), dandelion (Taraxacum spp.), type of field boundary and vary greatly in structure plantain (Plantago spp.), clover (Trifolium spp.) and diversity. The dominant species recorded and buttercup (Ranunculus spp.). This habitat include hawthorn, immature to semi-mature ash, in itself is highly modified and of low ecological blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), bramble (Rubus value, although it occurs in parkland areas (e.g. St. fruticosus), gorse (Ulex europeaus) and elder Stephen’s Green). Some of these parkland sites (Sambucus nigra). Occasional mature trees of ash, are of local value due to their location in highly beech and oak also occur with hedgerow habitats. urbanised areas. Hedgerows also occur in association with other habitats such as drainage ditches and treelines Dry meadow grasslands (GS2) were identified at with some hedgerows maturing into treelines a number of locations within the study area to the dominated by ash. north of Dublin Airport and at Lissenhall. Many of these grasslands are not grazed, or are only While a number of hedgerows are of low ecological grazed irregularly, which allows a more species value due to the effects of regular management, rich grassland habitat to establish, with tussocky the majority are of moderate ecological value coarse grasses dominating. Species include cock’s and are locally important. Those hedgerows are foot (Dactylis glomerata), Yorkshire fog (Holcus characterised a number of criteria such as species lanatus), false oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) richness, average canopy height, presence of drain, and rye grass. Broadleaved herb species included connections to other hedges etc. as defined by the clover, nettle (Urtica dioica), ragwort (Senecio National Roads Authority (NRA). jacobaea), thistles (Cirsium spp.), great willowherb Treelines are located throughout the study area. (Epilobium hirsutum) and purple loose-strife They predominantly consist of broadleaved tree (Lythrum salicaria). If these fields continue to species such as ash, beech and oak, but are also remain undisturbed by grazing, a decline in species characterised by non-native coniferous species richness is likely to occur. such as Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii). Woodland habitats (W) Mature plane treelines (Platanus x hispanica) There are no extensive woodland stands in the are present along Griffith Avenue. Some of the study area, but small stands of woodland are broadleaved treelines outside the urban areas present in areas outside the city centre. These are of Dublin city have hedgerows or scrub dominated typically linear and are associated with established by bramble (Rubus fruticosus spp.) developing parks, the riparian zone of the Broad Meadow River at the base. and surrounding old estate houses. The dominant Cultivated and Built Land habitats (B) woodland type is mixed broadleaved woodland Built land (BL3) is the dominant habitat type (WD1) characterised by native species such as recorded within the study area. The built land silver birch (Betula pendula), pedunculate oak comprises the urbanised areas of Dublin and (Quercus robur) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) as Swords, which is characterised by housing and well as non-native species such as beech (Fagus industrial estates, roads and motorways. Cultivated sylvatica), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), poplar agricultural arable fields (BC1) have been recorded (Populus spp.) and lime (Tilia spp.). While the Broad to the north of the M50 in the area of Lissenhall. Meadow and Ward River support mature/semi- Hedgerows and drainage ditches of varying mature woodland habitats in specific locations, the ecological quality are associated with the arable majority of the woodland habitats within the study field systems recorded within the study area. area are immature or semi-mature woodland. This Habitats in this category are generally of very low is especially the case in areas parallel to the R132 ecological value. However, areas of private gardens in Swords and the M50. that form patterns within the urban landscape can Immature and mature linear woodland habitats support wildlife and increase the ecological value (WS2 & WD1) are located along road developments of an area, including acting as wildlife corridors. such as the M50 and the M1 Airport Link Road. Disturbed Ground habitats (E) The species associated with these woodlands Development is ongoing in a number of areas includes birch, holly (Ilex aquifolium), rowan (Sorbus including the area north of Dublin Airport for the aucuparia), sycamore, hybrid black poplar (Populus airport extension. Further areas are located to canadensis), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) the north of Ballymun and north of the M50 and and hazel (Corylus avellana). The species mixes are characterised by typical plant communities proposed in the landscape planting as part of this dominated by annual plants such as silverweed scheme has drawn largely on the findings of the (Potentilla anserina) and knotgrass (Polygonum habitat surveys. Page 288 arviculare). These sites represent spoil and bare ground habitats (ED2); and recolonising bare ground habitats (ED3), both of which are of low local ecological value. Coastland habitats (C) The study area to the north of Swords supports Flora and Fauna The western edge of the Broad Meadow River/ a number of foraging corridors such as the Ward Swords Estuary is located within the Phase 1 and Broad Meadow River corridors, hedgerows and Habitat survey area. As this site is of international woodlands. This part of the study area also contains importance and is designated as a cSAC and SPA a number of buildings (such as large disused farm (details of which are provided in Section 16.3.1.1), barns and farmhouses) that have the potential the area is considered to of international to support roosting bats. The construction of the ecological value. proposed scheme does not require the demolition of any these buildings. A number of foraging routes were identified during the bat survey and 16.3.1.3 Fauna are illustrated on maps (Baseline Flora and Fauna Otter - Habitat Complexes and Bat Records) included in Otters are protected under Annex II(a) and IV(a) Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. of the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) which is Two confirmed bat roosts are located within the transposed into Irish law by means of the European survey area to the south of Swords (Pipistrellus Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations 1997 spp.) and also at Santry Demesne where a single - 2005. They are also protected under the Wildlife unidentified bat was found. Further bat detector Act 1976 and the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. surveys recorded the presence of soprano Otters predominantly inhabit linear habitats pipistrelle, common pipistrelle and Leisler’s along watercourses. bats within the area of Santry Demesne (Bat Suitable habitats for supporting otters occur within conservation Ireland, 2008). the study area along the Ward River, Broad Meadow Although no confirmed roost sites were recorded River (Collins, 2004) and also along the Sluice River during the ERM field surveys a number of locations (NPWS, 2008). Otter surveys undertaken in 2004 for were found to be of high importance for foraging bat Fingal County Council recorded otter activity along species such as St. Stephen’s Green, Blessington the entire length of the Broad Meadow and Ward Street Park, Broad Meadow/Ward River and Rivers (Collins, 2004). Three potential holt sites hedgerows to the north of Swords. were identified within the wider surrounding area, while spraints and fish remains were recorded in The Broad Meadow River, Ward River and the area the estuary and along the Ward River in Swords. north of Swords village provide foraging habitat The three possible holt sites are exclusively located for three bat species: Daubenton’s bats (Myotis along the Broad Meadow River under bridge of the daubentoni), Leisler’s bat (Nyctalus leisleri), R130, 7.6km to the east of the proposed alignment, common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and sixty metres downstream from Rolestown Bridge soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus). The (5.7km to the east of the alignment) and at the three species were recorded during the ERM field estuary after the Broad Meadow and Ward River surveys in 2006 and 2007. The Ward River/Broad have coalesced (Collins, 2004). Possible holt sites Meadow River confluence is regarded as an have not been recorded along the Ward River important foraging habitat for these three species. (Collins, 2004). A notable sprainting site was Activity surveys carried out within urban parkland identified under a small footbridge upstream from areas such as St. Stephen’s Green and Blessington Balheary Road, by Willowbrook House (Collins, Street Park indicate that these areas are also of 2004) within the 500m survey area. While the particular importance for a number of species water quality of both the Ward and Broad Meadow (Roche, 2000; and ERM 2007b). Rivers is degraded (Q-Values of 3 for both recorded in 2007), extensive stretches of linear riparian A number of common bat species are known vegetation banks both rivers offering good cover to forage within St. Stephen’s Green including and shelter for holt sites. Leisler’s bats (Nyctalus leisleri), common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), soprano pipistrelle Despite the above records no signs of otters were (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) and whiskered/Brandt’s bat recorded during the field survey for this project in bats (Myotis mystacinus) (ERM, 2007/8, Kelleher, areas upstream and downstream of the locations 2008, Roche, 2000). The presence of whiskered where the proposed scheme will cross these rivers Brandt’s bats is of particular note as the species as illustrated on maps (Baseline Flora and Fauna is recorded infrequently in Ireland (Whilde, 1993). - Habitat Types) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of Although the park contains a number of suitable 2. However, given that otters are known to occur roost sites such as buildings and mature trees, no along these watercourses, are known to range over bat roosts have been confirmed during the field large areas, and that signs can be affected by heavy surveys (ERM, 2007, Kelleher, 2008). Activity levels rainfall, it has been assumed that otters will pass vary throughout the year in the park. High levels along the rivers including through the areas where of activity were recorded in October 2007 (ERM, works will be undertaken. 2007). However the survey carried out in June 2008 Bats (Kelleher, 2008) during the bat mating season Bats are protected under Annex II(a) and IV(a) of recorded much lower numbers of bats. Page 289 the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and are also protected under the Wildlife Act 1976 and the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. Chapter 16 Although no activity was recorded in or adjacent The surveys aimed on the evaluation of habitat to Albert College Park a number of trees were suitability for spawning frog populations carried out identified as having the potential to support on four stillwater ditches and four rivers/streams. roosting bats. Additional surveys have been The four watercourses of Broad Meadow and Ward carried out during June, July and August 2008 in River, Tolka River and the Royal Canal which are consultation with the NPWS and is detailed in crossed above ground level and do not support Annex D (Volume 3, Book 2 of 2). amphibian populations due unsuitable habitat conditions such as a high flow rate (ERM, 2006f). Leisler’s bat was recorded in the lands surrounding No direct or indirect impacts occur at Blessington Dublin Airport (Dublin Airport Authority, 2006). Street Park and Santry Demesne. The proposed Badgers scheme causes the loss of a pond habitat at St. Badgers and their habitat are afforded protection in Stephen’s Green. However, no amphibians were Ireland through the Wildlife Act 1976 (as amended) recorded at St. Stephen’s Green. Reproduction of and under Schedule III of the Bern Convention common frogs (Rana temporaria) was recorded (Convention on the Conservation of European at the western pond at Airside Business Park. Wildlife and Natural Habitats). Generally undisturbed semi-natural grassland habitats and associated hedgerows provide One four-hole active badger sett was recorded to suitable wintering and summer habitat and it is the north of Dublin Airport within the study area seen as likely that the species uses these areas which was still active in summer 2008 (Keeley, outside the breeding season. 2008). A second, three-hole sett, recorded within a hedgerow to the north of Swords, was dormant and ERM reported further potential spawning sites no evidence of current badger activity was recorded. of common frog within the area of Balheary. One adult frog was found along a field ditch towards At least one inactive badger set was recorded on the end of the spawning season. The majority of the boundary of St. Albert’s College Park (Keeley, field ditches within this area have a low potential to 2008). Although the area is considered to be poor provide suitable spawning habitat for amphibian. for badgers, it is possible that further setts are The majority of these habitats are characterised by present within this habitat complex and sightings shallow water tables and are seasonably dry. have been reported by residents (Keeley, 2008). Irish hare Amphibians The study area includes areas of semi-natural Amphibian are protected under Annex V of the grassland predominantly to the north of Swords EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) (‘Animal and and Dublin Airport which are suitable for Irish hare plant species of community interest whose taking (Lepus timidus hibernicus). This species is protected in the wild and exploitation, may be subject to under the Wildlife Act 1976 (as amended). management measures’). All species are also fully protected under the Wildlife Act 1976 and the One single hare was recorded by ERM during Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. the June 2008 surveys within an area of semi- natural grassland habitat (GS2) to the north of the Common frogs occur in a number of locations proposed depot. within Dublin City, with suitable spawning sites occurring in private gardens and water bodies in the Birds public open space (IPPC, 2006). Birds are protected under Annex I of the Birds Directive (Council Directive 79/409/EEC) and are also protected under the Wildlife Act 1976 and the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000 with the exclusions as listed in above mentioned legislations. Information on the presence of bird species and the potential for breeding habitat was recorded during the Phase I Habitat Assessment. Hedgerows, treelines, woodlands and dry meadow grasslands support a variety of song birds while wildfowl species occur along the linear watercourses and parkland areas such as St. Stephen’s Green and Santry Demesne. The species that were recorded within the study area are shown in Table 16.6. Page 290 Flora and Fauna
Table 16.6 Bird species recorded within the study area
Conservation/ Common name Scientific name Protection Status Habitat/Location Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica P, AL Cultivated land, Balheary, Cloghran Blackbird Turdus merula P Hedgerows throughout the study area Blackcap Silvia atricapilla P Hedgerows north of Dublin Airport Black-headed gull Larus canus P, RL Lissenhall/Balheary Blue Tit Parus caeruleus P Hedgerow and scrub throughout the survey area Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs P throughout the survey area Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto P Woodland alongside Braod Meadow River Common buzzard Buteo buteo P Lissenhall/Balheary Common gull Larus ridibundus P, AL Lissenhall/Balheary Coot Fulica atra P, AL St. Stephen’s Green Dunnock Prunella modularis P Hedgerows throughout the study area Goldcrest Regulus regulus P Hedgerows Lissenhall/ Balheary Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis P Hedgerows Lissenhall/ Balheary Great tit Parus major P Woodland habitat throughout the study area Greenfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula P Hedgerows Lissenhall/ Balheary Grey heron Ardea cinerea P Broad Meadow River Herring gull Larus argentatus RL Throughout the study area Hooded crow Corvus corone cornis Throughout the study area House Martin Delichon urbica P, AL Broad Meadow River, Lissenhall/Balheary House sparrow Passer domesticus AL Throughout the study area Jackdaw Corvus monedula Throughout the study area Lapwing Vanellus vanellus P, RL Lissenhall/Balheary Light-bellied Branta bernicla hrota P, AL Lissenhall/Balheary Brent Goose Little Egret Egretta garzetta P, Broad meadow River Long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus P, Throughout the study area Magpie Pica pica Throughout the study area Mallard Anas platyrhynchus alongside waterourses throughout the study area Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis semi-natural grassland, arable crop habaiat throughout the study area
Moorhen Gallinula chloropus P Broad Meadow River, St. Page 291 Stephen’s Green
Mute Swan Cugnus olor P, AL Broad Meadow River, Chapter 16 Conservation/ Common name Scientific name Protection Status Habitat/Location Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus P, AL Amenity grassland north of Swords Pheasant Phasanius colchicus P Cultivated land throughout the study area Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus P Sluice River Robin Erithacus rubecula P Throughout the study area Rook Corvus frugilegus Throughout the study area Skylark Alauda arvensis P, AL Cultivated land throughout the study area Song thrush Turdus philomelos P Cultivated land throughout the study area Sparrow hawk (?) Accipiter nisus P Lissenhall/Balheary Starling Sturnus vulgaris AL Throughout the study area Tufted duck Aythya fuligula P, AL St. Stephen’s Green Wood pigeon Columba palumbus P Throughout the study area Wren Troglodytes troglodytes P Hedgerows throughout the study area Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella P, RL Hedgerows throughout the study area
Three species of international importance (those Little egret are highly associated with the listed in Annex I of the European Birds Directive) watercourse of Broad Meadow River. Little egrets were recorded in the ornithological study area: were recorded foraging along the river corridor. The behaviour of the species indicates that the - Light-bellied brent goose proposed development may cause an increase in (Branta bernicla hrota); animal mortality as the species currently crosses - Kingfisher Alcedo( atthis); the existing N1 at low elevations. Little egrets are also listed on the Amber List of species of medium - Little egret (Egretta garzetta). conservation concern in Ireland (http://www.bto. Light-bellied brent geese were recorded crossing org, accessed on the 1st April, 2008). the proposed alignment at heights exceeding 50m Kingfishers are also associated with the north of Swords. The presence of this species is watercourse of the Broad Meadow River. The Broad of particular note as the Broad Meadow/Swords Meadow River provides suitable foraging habitat Estuary SPA has been selected for the conservation for this species of international importance. of the species. The site holds internationally Suitable foraging was recorded predominantly important populations of brent geese, 4.8% of the to the east of the proposed alignment during national total (NPWS, 2004). Brent geese, although the Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey. Risks to usually associated with coastal wetlands during this species are associated with the crossing of the winter period, often feed on wet pasture and the proposed alignment for foraging reasons. In grassland further inland during daytime. Suitable addition to its Annex I status, this species is also foraging and resting habitat (although somewhat listed in the Amber List of Ireland as a species of limited) occurs to the north of Swords and is medium conservation concern (http://www.bto.org, associated with agricultural and amenity grassland. accessed on the 1st April, 2008). Brent geese also feed on temporarily flooded and water-logged grassland habitats. As those habitat characteristics are predominantly absent within the study area it is regarded as unlikely that the species occurs in greater numbers in these areas. Page 292 Flora and Fauna Page 293
Salmo Salmo ) and Salmo salar
spp.). spp.). Fish study within the occurring the rivers of None European under the designated is currently area A review 2008). (ERFB, Directive Fish Freshwater rivers the following that indicates data existing of River, Meadow Broad support salmonid species: Liffey. and River River Tolka River, Sluice River, Ward (ERFB) has Fisheries Board Regional The Eastern program rehabilitation out a stock carried recently supportsThe river populations River. on the Mayne ) and stickleback anquilla eel (Anquilla of (Gasterosteus stocks fish of the ERFB undertook a survey In 2003, the at Parks Valley River and Ward Tolka in the Department Fingal County of the Parks of request ( trout brown River, Tolka On 2003). (ERFB, within examined all six sites at recorded ) was trutta are sites The six survey this survey. the scope of outside Park Valley Tolka along upstream located comprise recorded Other species area. the study ), anquilla eel (Anquilla ), phoxinus (Leuciscus minnow (Perca perch barbatus), (Nemacheilus loach stone ). rutilus (Rutilus ) and roach flavescens supports River salmon ( The Ward Sluice River. at is also present which trout, brown been recorded has ground Salmon spawning the at scheme the proposed of west the to Park. Valley River Ward include River Meadow Broad at recorded Fish fauna II on Annex listed ), salmon (Salmo salar Atlantic ( trout brown Directive, the EU Habitats of (Phoxinus ) and minnow anquilla eel (Anquilla ), trutta as the recorded was spp.) (Chelon Mullet ). phoxinus Balheary Bridge dominant fish species between 2004). (Collins, and the estuary in present not currently Salmonid species are which Stream and the Cuckoo the Santry River the to According River. the Mayne is a tributary of associated currently ERFB no salmonid species are in plans are However, Stream. with the Cuckoo improve to works out restoration carry place to in advance of this stream of habitats the aquatic programme. a restocking the baseline environment of 16.3.2 Categorisation within complexes habitat value of The ecological a number means of by is evaluated area the study 16.3. Table in shown are which specific criteria of summarised are this categorisation of The results 16.7. Table in ) while ) while Aegithalos Aegithalos Anas ), ), frugilegus Corvus ) were recorded at at recorded ) were Fringilla (Fringilla chaffinch ), ) and olor (Cygnus swan mute ), pheasants were recorded within a field to the south within a field recorded pheasants were and north the Sluice of Business Park Airside of and Dublin Swords of The urban landscape River. ( rook of numbers supports large Columba ( woodpigeon ), monedula (Corvus jackdaw palumbus) and magpie (Pica pica). crossing while recorded were lapwings of Flocks to the north of and within field in flight the area as listed are Lapwings Course. Golf Little Lissenhall concern in Ireland high conservation a species of 2007). al., et (Lynas Turdus philomelos ( Turdus ) and songthrush coelebs moorhen (Gallinula chloropus ), tufted duck duck tufted ), atra (Fulica coot ), platyrhynchos fuligula (Aythya area the study throughout locations a number of Canal, the Royal Green, Stephen’s as St. such The the rivers. of and most Park Street Blessington support a number area the study within hedgerows tit ( as long-tailed such song birds of greenfinch ), (Erithacus rubecula robin caudatus), ), merula (Turdus blackbird ), chloris (Carduelis troglodytes (Troglodytes wren 15 bird species of Conservation Concern in Ireland, Concern in Ireland, Conservation of species 15 bird recorded were Lists and Amber Red on the listed and lapwing of flocks Large area. the study within alignment the proposed cross gulls black-headed the species also uses the latter while Lissenhall at Green Stephen’s St. site. as a resting/foraging area coot including conservation of species supportstwo pond. the western on duck and tufted hedgerow associated farmland and Agricultural particular is of the north Swords to of habitat typical lowland a number of importance for numbers and support large farmland birds Besides passerine species. of and diversities as wren, species such and common widespread this area tit and blackbird great blue and robin, a species yellowhammer, number of supports large ConcernConservation in Ireland. of on the Amber List a species listed Oystercatcher, al., et Concern Conservation (Lynas Species of of in feeding area within the study recorded 2007) was habitats on amenity grassland size of varying flocks River. Ward adjacent to north the Swords to of ( as mallard species such Waterfowl Chapter 16
Table 16.7 Baseline categorisation
Functional Site No Location Description Value (FV) HC-01 Between Habitats/Flora: Medium proposed depot - Predominantly arable cropland (BC1) associated location and with Hedgerows (WL1) of low value; Broad Meadow/ Ward River - Some areas of semi-natural grassland (GS2); - Improved agricultural grassland (GA1) associated with Hedgerows (WL1) of moderate value and Drainage ditches (FW4) with permanent water.
Fauna: - Three-hole inactive badger sett; - Single record of common frogs; - Single record Irish hare; - Foraging/commuting habitat for common bats species (Leisler’s bat, common pipistrelle and soprano pipistrelle);
- Locally important for breeding passerine bird species including species of Conservation Concern in Ireland such as yellowhammer;
- Roosting and foraging habitat for waders (oystercatcher).
Summary: The area is considered to be of moderate ecological value due to the presence of protected species and bird species of Conservation Concern within an area of intensive agricultural farmland. Some semi-natural habitat of local ecological importance occurs and is utilised to facilitate species movement. Areas of predominantly artificial surfaces comprising the Emmaus Retreat Centre to the north of Broad Meadow River and greenhouses buildings within the northern section of this site are included in this area assessment and are considered to be of very low ecological value. Page 294 Flora and Fauna Page 295 Functional Functional (FV) Value Very high Very
Foraging/commuting habitat for common for habitat Foraging/commuting Ecological function: important corridor habitat for for importanthabitat corridor function: Ecological been previously have holts area: Otter Known and Broad Salmonid fisheries (Ward Known egret; kingfisher and little for habitat Foraging Designated Conservation Area (cSAC); Area Conservation Designated (Mixed) associated with (CW2) Tidal rivers pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, Daubenton’s bat Daubenton’s pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, wildlife movements. wildlife and otter River Meadow Broad alongside recorded sites sprainting Rivers, the Ward from signs noted River and near Ward Road Balheary at recorded are Park; Valley Rivers); Meadow broadleaved woodland (WD1), scrub (WS1) scrub (WD1), woodland broadleaved and Marsh (GM1). (GM1). and Marsh ------Habitats/Flora: Description Summary: Summary: its value due to high ecological very is of The area protected number of and high status conservation The presence support. to or is likely, species it is known, fisheries and the pre-existing habitats marsh of interest. significant ecological also of are inventory as a acts the area that likely It is also considered corridor. wildlife Fauna: Fauna: Broad Meadow/ Broad Estuary Swords and SPA cSAC, the east pNHA to the proposed of alignment Location HC-02 Site No Site Chapter 16 Functional Site No Location Description Value (FV) HC-03 Broad Meadow/ Habitats/Flora: High Ward River - The Ward River is a depositing lowland river confluence associated with wet grassland habitat which is outside species rich in some sections to the west of the designated areas proposed alignment;
- To the east of the proposed alignment mixed broadleaved woodland (WD1) exists adjacent to the Broad Meadow River;
- Wet grassland (GS4) is often dominated by herbaceous plants typically occurring along river banks.
Fauna: - Important corridor habitats for a variety of protected species;
- Recorded Otters: holts are present upstream of the Broad Meadow and Ward River confluence, sprainting sites are recorded at Balheary Road and near the Ward River Valley Park;
- Known salmonid fisheries (Ward and Broad Meadow); Ward River supports salmon spawning sites within the area of the Ward River Valley Park and also supports brown trout;
- Foraging habitat for little egret and kingfisher; - Foraging habitat for common pipistrelle and soprano pipistrelle.
Summary: The area is of high ecological value due to the high number of protected species and the fish species inventory it supports. Also of note is the fact that the area acts as an important wildlife corridor habitat. Page 296 Flora and Fauna Page 297 Functional Functional (FV) Value Low Low
to the north and south of Nevinstown Lane; north the Nevinstown to and south of for wildlife. wildlife. for Amenity grassland (GA2) to the east and west of of and west the east (GA2) to Amenity grassland occur in nationally which oystercatcher Foraging Private gardens may provide some habitat habitat some provide may gardens Private Swords; of within urban areas pipistrelle Roosting high value due to ecological low Generally Linear habitat types comprise hedgerows (WL1) to (WL1) to hedgerows types comprise habitat Linear of areas are assessment Included in this area (ED2 and ED3) occur habitats ground Disturbed Artificial surfaces (BL3) comprising predominantly Artificial predominantly (BL3) comprising surfaces important populations at Malahide Estuary SPA. SPA. important Malahide Estuary at populations Ward River, Immature woodland (WS2) and mixed/ woodland Immature River, Ward (WD1). woodland broadleaved proportions of buildings and artificial surfaces. and artificial buildings of surfaces. proportions and parkland (WD5) are also present (Ward River River (Ward also present (WD5) are and parkland Park); Valley and adjacent Hill Roundabout Pinnock of the west the of east the to (WL1) the N1 and treelines to Lane; alignment north Kettles of proposed with associated are which (GA2) Amenity grassland areas small while open space; public and private Agricultural use. agricultural under currently are the of the west to recorded (GA1) was grassland Hill Roundabout; Pinnock roads and buildings, associated with Amenity with associated and buildings, roads trees scattered of some areas (GA2), grassland Fauna: Fauna: ------Habitats/Flora: Description Summary: Summary: is the area However, value. ecological low is of The area oystercatcher. foraging importance be of for to likely Habitats/Flora: Fauna: Summary: Summary: the value due to ecological low is of The area value ecological low very of habitats dominance of man made surfaces of areas large of and the presence and disturbance and pavements) roads (buildings, effects adverse existing of the high level by caused foraging Suitable noise and human activity). (traffic within the wider species occurs common bat for habitat Complex. this Habitat of area Swords and Swords urban associated areas Location Recreational Recreational the to area north Estuary of Roundabout of the west to the proposed alignment HC-04 Site No Site HC-05 Chapter 16 Functional Site No Location Description Value (FV) HC-06 North of Airside Habitats/Flora: Medium Business park - Different stages of recolonising bare ground (ED3) and Spoil and bare ground (ED2), associated with semi-natural grassland (GS1 and GS4). This habitat complex is currently not subject to human disturbance and shows a strong potential for supporting frogs during the summer and/or winter months;
- Linear habitat types such as hedgerows (WL1) of local importance and linear water bodies such as drainage ditches (FW4).
Fauna: - Breeding population of common frog was recorded at a system of two artificial ponds (FL8).
Summary: Hedgerow habitats may support wintering frog populations and provide suitable habitat structures during the summer months. This habitat complex is of medium ecological value due to the presence of protected species and a high proportion of semi-natural habitat.
HC-07 Fosterstown and Habitats/Flora: Low Swords south - Areas of agricultural grassland (GA1) and semi- natural grassland (GS2) occur to the east and west of the proposed route;
- The area is characterised by a network of hedgerows of moderate value, locally important.
Fauna: - No protected species were recorded within the area but hedgerows are likely to act as stepping stone habitats supporting species movement and migration and may also provide foraging and commuting habitat for local bat populations.
Summary: The ecological value of this habitat complex was identified as low due to dominance of highly improved agricultural grassland. However the hedgerows are considered to be of local importance and so are considered to be of moderate value. Page 298 Flora and Fauna Page 299 High Functional Functional (FV) Value Low low Very
as wildlife corridors corridors as wildlife of the northernof tributary (WS1); Medium potential for the presence of otter; of the presence for Medium potential the bank o along sett badger active Four-hole Kingfisher; for habitat suitable Potentially salmon and trout. supportsSluice River Atlantic Eroding upland river (FW1) and artificial pond habitat habitat pond artificial and (FW1) river upland Eroding SPA; Bay Baldoyle into feeds River the banks dominant along scrub Bramble act to likely are and riparian habitats The scrub Area is part of extensive agricultural land between land between agricultural is part extensive Area of and land (BC1) between Arable by Dominated Species recorded. species were No protected No protected species were recorded from the from recorded species were No protected Area is part of agricultural pasture land to the land to pasture is part agricultural of Area value ecological some provide treelines Associated (FL8) to the east and west of the proposed alignment, alignment, proposed the of west and east the to (FL8) (WN5), woodland riparian with associated Swords and Dublin Airport; Swords north including tributary. the Sluice River to of the intensive due to as low is estimated diversity landuse. agricultural 2006/2007 surveys. Species diversity is estimated is estimated diversity Species 2006/2007 surveys. landuse. agricultural the intensive due to as low south-east of Swords characterised by the by characterised Swords of south-east (GA1); grassland agricultural of dominance and bats. birds for habitat feeding to in regards f the Sluice River; Fauna: of this area. this area. of - - - - Summary: tributary supports including The Sluice river protected within as importantspecies and act habitats corridor Salmonid environment. use agricultural an intensely value to the ecological fisheries also contribute ------Habitats/Flora: Description Habitats/Flora: Habitats/Flora: Fauna: Fauna: Summary: low is very complex this habitat value of The ecological with associated landuse agricultural intensive due to for habitat suitable of and lack diversity species low species. protected Summary: Summary: low is very complex habitat this value of The ecological with landuse associated agricultural intensive due to for habitat suitable of and lack diversity species low species. protected Fauna: Fauna: South of Pavilions Pavilions South of Centre Shopping Location South-east of of South-east Fosterstown Sluice River HC-08 Site No Site HC-09 HC-10 Chapter 16 Functional Site No Location Description Value (FV) HC-11 North of Dublin Habitats/Flora: Low Airport - Large areas of semi-natural grassland (GS2) occur to the north and south of Naul Road north of Dublin Airport;
- Areas of spoil and bare ground (ED2) are associated with ongoing construction in relation to the Dublin Airport extension.
Fauna: - No evidence of protected species recorded during the 2006/7/8 surveys
Summary: The area is of low ecological value as it supports semi- natural habitats while no evidence of the presence or protected species could be made.
HC-12 Dublin Airport Habitats/Flora: Very low - Artificial surfaces (BL3) and Amenity grassland habitats (GA2) are dominating at Dublin Airport; - Landscaped woodland plant species adjacent to the access roads to Dublin Airport which has been categorised as Mixed/broadleaved woodland (WD1).
Fauna: - Surveys on protected species were not carried out on Dublin Airport property.
Summary: Dublin Airport supports predominantly highly modified habitats of very low ecological value. There is a high level of existing adverse effects due to the high noise levels caused by air traffic.
HC12a Mayne River Habitats/Flora: High - The stretch of the river located within the study area could not be accessed due to the location in close proximity to airport runways.
Fauna: - The river is not known to support salmonid species however it has the potential to do so.
Summary: As this river flows into a conservation area (Baldoyle Bay SPA, cSAC and pNHA) it is regarded as of high ecological value. Page 300 Flora and Fauna Page 301 Low Functional Functional (FV) Value Low Low
to the north of Ballymun and is extensively grazed grazed is extensively and north the Ballymun to of horses, by No protected species were recorded from the from recorded species were No protected Semi-natural grassland (GS1) occurs directly directly (GS1) occurs grassland Semi-natural the M50 Roundabout of south-west Santry River (ED2 and ED3) ground bare recolonising of Areas and locally value moderate (WL1) of Hedgerows Mixed broadleaved/conifer woodland (WD2) to the (WD2) to woodland broadleaved/conifer Mixed the species from protected of No records Corridor habitats such as hedgerows (WL1) are (WL1) are as hedgerows such habitats Corridor protected and no wildlife value for low is of The area Agricultural area dominated by Arable crops (BC1) (BC1) crops Arable by dominated area Agricultural the to Course Golf and Sillogue A sports ground 2006/7/8 surveys. 2006/7/8 surveys. importance also occur and are often associated associated importance often also occur and are ditches. with drainage 2006/7/8 surveys. has the character of drainage ditch within this area within this area ditch drainage of has the character Road; Ballymun of the west towards and are scheme the proposed of the west occur to and grasses; ruderals perennial by dominated north and south of the M50 supports predominantly north the M50 supports and south of predominantly species. native predominantly of low ecological value. ecological low of predominantly the 2006/7/8 surveys. from recorded species were and occasional horticultural fields (BC2); fields horticultural and occasional with associated Airport typically Dublin south of are (GA2); Amenity grassland ------Habitats/Flora: Summary: Summary: value for has some ecological complex This habitat within bats and foraging/commuting species migration area. the local Habitats/Flora: Description Habitats/Flora: Fauna: Summary: semi- supports but value ecological low of is area This habitats. corridor important locally and habitats natural Fauna: Fauna: Summary: modified highly is predominantly complex This habitat It supports some use. agricultural and under intensive (hedgerows). habitat corridor Between the M50 Between and Ballymun Between Airport Between and M50 Location M50 HC-15 HC-13 Site No Site HC-14 Chapter 16 Functional Site No Location Description Value (FV) HC-16 Santry Lodge Habitats/Flora: Medium to the south- - Mixed/broadleaved/conifer woodland (WD2) of this east of the M50 area comprises of mature trees, broadleaved and Roundabout conifer alike;
- Associated treelines (WL2) and highly modified habitats such as amenity grassland also occur.
Fauna: - No records of protected species were made during the 2006/7/8 surveys.
Summary: Although mature trees provide some habitat for wildlife, habitat types within this area are predominantly highly modified due to the designed character. Ecological value is considered to be minor
HC-17 Santry River Habitats/Flora: High outside the site - Eroding upland River (FW2) towards the eastern designation section of the river; - Banks dominated by linear woodland (WL1).
Fauna: - No protected species found during the 2006/7/8 surveys.
Summary: Although Santry River is not known support salmonid species and it is moderately polluted (Q value 2-3) its ecological value is identified as moderate as it feeds directly into the pNHA Santry Demesne.
HC-18 pNHA Santry Habitats/Flora: High Demesne - Santry River is characterised as a depositing lowland river (FW2) in this section before it feeds into a system of artificial ponds at Santry Demesne NHA;
- Mixed/broadleaved woodland (WD1) present within the demesne supporting a species rich ground flora; - supports protected plant species such as hairy St. John’s wort located outside the study area.
Fauna: - Common and soprano pipistrelle and Leisler’s bat records;
- One unidentified bat species was recorded at the demesne.
Summary: The demesne woodland supports a rare plant species and bat species and is an important corridor habitat for species migration. Page 302 Flora and Fauna Page 303 Low Very low Very Functional Functional (FV) Value Medium
Resting areas for birds; birds; for areas Resting as important act habitat trees willow Mature Griffith Park is characterised by Scattered trees trees by Scattered characterised Park is Griffith trees The park supports mature a number of Extensive areas of scattered trees and parkland trees scattered of areas Extensive this parkland area of ‘woodland’ linear Although within the park. recorded was activity Badger Treelines (WL2) occur at either side of Glasnevin Glasnevin of side either at occur (WL2) Treelines fauna. and flora wild value for low is of The area Area is dominated by recently built housing estates estates built housing recently by is dominated Area are (GA2) habitats Amenity grassland and Parkland (WD5), amenity grassland is also amenity grassland (WD5), and Parkland (GA2); present predominantly non-native species. non-native predominantly no bats were recorded here; recorded were no bats (WD5) and amenity grassland (GA2) are dominant dominant (GA2) are (WD5) and amenity grassland this area.at species bat for habitat foraging suitable provide Avenue/Collins Avenue while mature poplar treelines treelines poplar mature while Avenue Avenue/Collins Avenue. Griffith of side either to occur also (WL2) (BL3) to the south of Santry River; of the south (BL3) to for invertebrates. for associated with public and private open space open space and private with public associated and sports grounds; and sports grounds; Habitats/Flora: - - Habitats/Flora: Summary: within the urban this area of size the large Due to a low have to is evaluated complex this habitat context it is an important stepping value however ecological habitat. stone ------Summary: supports predominantly complex As this habitat amenity grassland artificial and associated surfaces add gardens Private low. value is very its ecological feeding as it provides area the value to some ecological stone as stepping acts and also habitat and breeding complex. this habitat of in the urban context habitats - - Habitats/Flora: Description Fauna: Fauna: Fauna: Fauna: Summary: Summary: very Park supportsof a number Griffith of The area Willow species. non-native predominantly trees, mature support a high number as they note of species are stone is an importantThis stepping invertebrates. of context. within the urban habitat Griffith Park Griffith Albert College Albert College Park Area between between Area and Ballymun northern bank of River Tolka Location HC-21 HC-20 HC-19 Site No Site Chapter 16 Functional Site No Location Description Value (FV) HC22 Tolka River Habitats/Flora: High - Flow rate of the river differs throughout the urban sections due to in-water constructions such as weirs. The section crossed by the proposed scheme was identified as a depositing lowland river (FW2);
- The Tolka River corridor within this section is highly artificial associated with concrete embankments lacking riparian vegetation.
Fauna: - River supports populations of Brown Trout recorded north of Ashtown. Spawning gravels occur at Tolka Valley Park outside the study area of Metro North;
- Watercourse supports common waterfowl species such as mallard.
Summary: The Tolka River is characterised by predominantly artificial habitats. Riparian habitat along the watercourse is not very common. However, the river is of note due to the fact that it supports salmonid species and feeds into the Tolka Estuary SPA.
HC-23 Area between Habitats/Flora: Very low south of Tolka - Building and artificial surfaces dominant (BL3); River and north of the Royal Canal - Amenity grassland (GA2) dominant while scattered trees and parkland (WD5) and ornamental/non- native scrub (WS3) are also present at public open space such as the southern part of Griffith Park and Holy Cross College;
- Private open space is overall sparse.
Fauna: - Low value for fauna.
Summary: Griffith park provides resting habitat for waterfowl present on Tolka river. Due to the large extend of artificial surfaces and building the functional value was defined as Very low.
HC-24 Royal Canal pNHA Habitats/Flora: High - Proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA); - This canal habitat (FW3) supports a species poor riparian flora.
Fauna: - Supports some waterfowl species such as mallard; - Important corridor habitat for aquatic and terrestrial fauna.
Summary: The Royal Canal is a proposed Natural Heritage Area and an important corridor habitat for migrating fauna and so is judged to be of high ecological value. Page 304 Flora and Fauna Page 305 Very low Very Low Functional Functional (FV) Value High
as an artificial lake and pond habitat (FL8); habitat and pond as an artificial lake (BL3) dominant; Building and artificialBuilding dominant (BL3); surfaces sparse; (GA2) overall amenity grassland of Areas in and parkland (WD5) present trees Scattered fauna. for value Low No further protected species were recorded recorded species were No further protected The river in this section is tidal (CW2); is tidal (CW2); in this section The river of riparian Artificial embankments and lack is known the river designated not Although Mature treelines at Drumcondra Road of note. note. of Road Drumcondra at treelines Mature period survey during the field recorded not Although bat. and Leisler’s Common pipistrelle of Records Building and artificial and dominant Building surfaces been defined has Park Street Blessington (GA2) and scattered amenity grassland of Areas to support salmonid species; support salmonid species; to Iveagh Gardens. Gardens. Iveagh vegetation decreases the ecological value the ecological decreases vegetation trees and parkland (WD5) overall sparse associated associated sparse overall and parkland (WD5) trees areas larger and public open space, with private College; Cross with Holy associated provide may Park Street Blessington of the area common frogs; for habitat spawning this habitat. of in 2006/7/8 surveys. in 2006/7/8 surveys. - - - - Summary: identified is complex habitat this of value functional The some provides supports area the However, low. Very with Gardens). (Iveagh habitats stone stepping Habitats/Flora: - - - - - Fauna: - - Summary: is complex this habitat value of The functional supports some the area However, Low. identified with species. bat protected for habitat foraging - - - Habitats/Flora: Description Fauna: Fauna: Habitats/Flora: Summary: Summary: important the most is one of corridor Liffey The River Dublin a complex into It feeds in Dublin City. habitats and pNHA due to cSAC as SAP, is designated which Bay this consequently it supports, and wildlife the habitat value. high ecological be of to is considered area River Liffey River Section between between Section and Canal Royal Liffey River Location South of River River South of areas Liffey surrounding Stephen’s St. Green HC-26 HC-25 Site No Site S-27 Chapter 16 Functional Site No Location Description Value (FV) HC-28 St. Stephen’s Habitats/Flora: Medium Green - Dominant habitat type is scattered trees and parkland (WD5) associated with flower beds and borders (BC4), amenity grassland (GA2) and artificial lakes and ponds (FL8).
Fauna: - Foraging common pipistrelle, soprano pipistrelle, whiskered bat (tentative identification) and Leisler’s bat;
- Wildfowl species such as moorhen, mallard and several gull species;
- Suitable for common frog although not recorded here.
Summary: St. Stephen’s Green is an important feeding habitat for three bat species although roosting was not evident. However, this area is seen as an important stepping stone habitat and foraging habitat for bats within the urban context and so is considered to be of medium ecological value.
HC-29 Iveagh Gardens Habitats/Flora: Medium - Dominant habitat type is scattered trees and parkland (WD5) associated with amenity grassland (GA2) and artificial lakes and ponds (FL8).
Fauna: - No surveys on protected species were carried out within this Habitat Complex.
Summary: Iveagh Gardens is regarded as an important stepping stone habitat within the urban context of Dublin city.
Page 306 Figure 16.1 Designated sites within 10 km of the proposed scheme
Soil and Geology Page 309 t y a
y
a n n a
Baseline categorisation methodolog Baseline categorisation Introductio Study are Baseline dat criteri Baseline categorisation the baseline environmen of and categorisation Description Soils geology Bedrock encountered Contamination Settlement the baseline environment of Categorisation Introductio eolog and oil 17.2 17.2.1 17.2.2 17.2.3 17.2.4 17.3 17.3.1 17.3.2 17.3.3 17.3.4 17.3.5 S G 17.1 17 Soil and Geology Page 311
y categorisation aseline
17.2 B 17.2 methodolog Introduction 17.2.1 the methodology used presents This section in assessing the baseline soil and geology as considering the relevant As well environment. 2002, EISs (EPA, to with respect guidance EPA the scope and methodology the baseline of 2003), of in consideration assessment has been devised a soil protection ‘Developing document the EPA 2002). (EPA, Ireland’ for strategy Study area 17.2.2 to reference with defined been has area study The scheme proposed the from impact for potential the The information. relevant of availability the and 17.1. Table in shown are area study the of dimensions Width of study area (on both sides of the alignment) the sides of both (on area study Width of 500m 500m 500m 500m the alignment corridor along targeted Boreholes
Criteria Table 17.1 Study area 17.1 Table Soils Geology Landuse Ecology (MGI) Investigation Main Ground Soil Sampling Locations This chapter describes and evaluates the existing existing the describes and evaluates This chapter the of in the area and soil environment geological scheme. proposed planning of number a chapter, this preparing to Prior ascertain to reviewed were documents policy and policies plans, any contained documents the if and soil of protection the to relating objectives or scheme. proposed the of area the in geology documents that policy the planning or None of specific contained any area the study to apply Under EU and soil or geology. to relating objectives ecological designated many legislation national and this designation law by protected are sites These the site. can include the soil and geology of and Fauna in the Flora in detail described are sites 16). Chapter 1, this EIS (Volume of chapter 17.1 Introduction 17.1 requirement in respect of soil. soil. of respect in requirement of the EIS has been prepared in order to fulfil this this fulfil to order in prepared been has EIS the of affected by the proposed scheme. This chapter chapter This scheme. proposed the by affected of the environment that are likely to be significantly significantly be to likely are that environment the of statement must contain a description of the aspects aspects the of a description contain must statement 2001 specifies that an environmental impact impact environmental an that specifies 2001 Section 39(2)(b) of the Railway Infrastructure Act, Act, Infrastructure Railway the of 39(2)(b) Section
Soils and sediment with a high clay and organic and organic Soils and sediment with a high clay nutrients and minerals provide content matter These soils and and habitats. groundwater to Soils be important. to recognised sediments are natural of supportand sediment that areas be important to also recognised are vegetation and biomass that habitats the natural of because support.they is important area within the study The bedrock it contains. the aquifers/groundwater of because in detail greater in This has been addressed the Groundwater chapter of this EIS (Volume 1, 1, EIS (Volume this of chapter the Groundwater 18). Chapter Sensitivity 17.2.4.2 direct from contamination to susceptible Soils are with contaminated contact or through contact deals with contamination only This chapter water. any The sensitivity of contact. direct due to is assessed in the bedrock resource groundwater this EIS (Volume of chapter in the Groundwater direct of sources Potential 18). Chapter 1, sites; contaminated include: contamination and materials; hazardous involving activities farming. intensive The soil sensitivity depends on a number of matter organic content, including clay properties The soil sensitivity and permeability. content including clay properties depends on a number of and permeability. content matter organic content, considered are potential sorption Soils with a low potential sensitivity because low be of to Soils with high be retained. will not contamination will content) (high organic/clay potential sorption and impact an external from contamination retain sensitive be more to considered are therefore are to contamination. contamination. to On-line Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) geology maps (GSI) Ireland of Survey On-line Geological 2008) soils maps (GSI website, Teagasc On-line alignment the proposed along Investigations Exploratory EIS Tunnel Dublin Port 2008 Holst, 2008 and Norwest IGSL, by provided Results (GSI website, 2008) (GSI website, Report, Interpretative North (Geotechnical Metro Dublin for April 2007 and Brinckerhoff, Parsons 60, No. Paper Working 2007) March IGSL Investigation, North Ground Dublin Metro
Data source Data - - - - -
the Port Tunnel Route Tunnel the Port Biological habitat and gene reserve: soil reserve: and gene habitat Biological built structures, support for medium: Physical heritage: cultural and preserving Protecting Biomass production: food production, renewable renewable production, food production: Biomass action: and transforming buffering Filtering, Soil Analytical Results Soil Analytical Soil types and geology Soil types and geology along Soil types and geology biomass, supporting biological habitat and gene and gene supporting habitat biological biomass, vegetation; use by for water of retention reserve, activities; and recreation disposal waste and paleontological archaeological protects the appearance to and contributes sites the landscape. of energy and raw materials; energy and raw biological by required major elements of cycling and partition water of regulation systems, to of nutrients and minerals provision flow, and microbial reactions sorption groundwater, transformations; and biochemical along the alignment along
------Table 17.2 Sources of information of Sources 17.2 Table acquired Information - 17.2.3 Baseline data Baseline 17.2.3 the establish to used information of The sources 17.2. Table in shown are baseline environment 17.2.4 Baseline categorisation criteria categorisation Baseline 17.2.4 involves the baseline environment of Categorisation to values’ ‘functional overall of the allocation The functional area. within the study areas discreet to with reference is determined the area value of as well the area of ‘sensitivity’ and ‘importance’ the on impact that effects’ adverse ‘existing as any in is explained terms these three of Each the area. soils and geology. of in the context below detail 17.2.4.1 Importance 17.2.4.1 it is sourced which from the bedrock including Soil, is an important it is supported, which and by functions. many performs that resource natural are: These functions
Chapter 17 Page 312 Soil and Geology Page 313 The risk based assessment of land contamination land contamination of assessment based The risk for ‘suitable the with in accordance is undertaken framework tiered the follow ERM approach. use’ Risk Environmental ‘Guidelines for the outlined in 2000 and (DETR, and Management’ Assessment decisions this framework, Under 2004). CLR11, Risk Quantitative a Generic by be informed may specific Detailed site a more or by Assessment DQRA are (DQRA). Risk Assessment Quantitative guideline generic where appropriate generally not are they or where available, not values are of the specific circumstances the given appropriate where also be required may They pollutant linkage. support certainty the of is needed to level a greater ERM the assessment For decision making process. undertaken a GQRA. have statement (EA) policy Agency The Environment risk assessment, 2004) on Human Health (EA, to risks chronic when assessing identifies that in the soils, contaminated human health from Soil Guideline UK derived appropriate absence of Quantitative specific Detailed a Site (SGV), Values be and should Risk Assessment will be required and with the techniques undertaken in accordance Land Report the Contaminated out in set protocols 9 & 10 and associated (CLR 7, publications series of further statement The policy reports). daughter exposure conceptual an appropriate identifies that a relevant be developed, should a Site model for that be defined, should area’ ‘averaging exposure that of values representative soil concentration an appropriate and that be obtained, should area or dedicated spreadsheet guidance, (technical tool criteria appropriate develop is used to software) model and account the conceptual taking into the site. scenarios at exposure the analytical assess the suitability of to In order instance in the first ERM have provided results published undertaken the assessment using the a from properties for Values Soil Guideline with consumption and residential commercial, these Where setting. vegetables, home grown of Generic equivalent unavailable are criteria for developed been have (GAC) Assessment Criteria been recorded have concerncontaminants of which limits. the detection above concentrations at landuse a residential for been developed have GAC the software of ERM using a combination by in- ERM’s by supplemented RISC 4.05 package of (utilising a combination tool house plant uptake uptake & Arms and the Briggs and Ryan Travis the and assumptions models) using similar exposure the those used for to characteristics receptor the SGVs. of development been developed have the GAC instance In the first all the of the reciprocal the sum of calculating by with consistent pathways exposure identified all pathways from intake that the assumption The SGVs effect. a systemic to will contribute be concentrations, to considered are and GAC risk when of level an acceptable represent which of indicator a representative assessed against exposure. receptor
17.2.4.4 Soil Contamination 17.2.4.4 the The MGI undertaken in 2007 involved As the alignment. along boreholes of installation sampled contractors the process, drilling the part of of a proportion the soil arisings and submitted the determine to analysis for these samples location. chosen each at contamination of presence assess the to required parameters The analytical based determined were contamination of presence landuses adjacent and historical on the present location. borehole each is based contamination land The assessment of risk is where risk assessment, of on the principles the probability of the combination by determined its and the magnitude of occurring a hazard of land to is applied This principle consequences. ‘source- the the use of through contamination relies The concept concept. pathway-receptor’ in of a contaminant (source) on the identification sufficient a concentration on or under the land at harm cause and also the to the potential have to harm suffer and may which a receptor, of presence be exposed may the receptor which by a pathway which at all sites not As such the contaminant. to remedial will require present contaminants are ‘pollutant a present, are all three Where action. (humans, receptors All can be identified. linkage’ and crops/livestock ecology, waters, controlled is the if there be considered should buildings) by affected be adversely them to for potential contamination. to exposure 17.2.4.3 Existing adverse effects adverse Existing 17.2.4.3 and sediment soil for the potential In some cases, due is reduced functions environmental perform to if areas example, For impacts. adverse existing to support natural cannot then they paved, soil are of rainwater. retain/filter and habitats can also activities and commercial Industrial for In order soil. value of the functional reduce socio- and its ecological of many perform soil to high quality. be of it must economic functions, has or had a landuse that or historic existing Any the soil therefore on the quality of impact negative example, For effect. adverse an existing constitutes located are premises industrial soils upon which with hydrocarbons become contaminated may 50m within Soils located of pollutants. or other to also be subject road may trafficked a heavily input to Fertiliser contamination. of high levels an also constitute may agriculture soils used for the soils ability if it affects effect adverse existing In contrast, its normal of functions. any perform to natural used for or are undisturbed are soils that subject are farming organic of or areas grassland and effects adverse existing of levels lower to value. a higher functional have therefore Functional value Functional Low Low (II) low Very (I) Very high Very (V) High (IV) Medium (III)
17.2.4.5 Functional value Functional 17.2.4.5 is the baseline environment of value The functional specific criteria of a number means of by evaluated importance account the sensitivity and into take to environment. the baseline of features different of describing are defined been have that The criteria 17.3. Table in
Soils with a low sorption potential (due to e.g. low clay/organic matter content) matter clay/organic low e.g. (due to potential sorption Soils with a low high permeabilitySoils of activity. industrial heavy used for areas Unpaved areas Paved Bedrock Green Areas where fertilisers are used or the ground is disturbed. used or the ground are fertilisers where Areas Green road; within 50m areas Unpaved trafficked a heavily of or activity; industrial light used for areas Unpaved a risk. represent but does not contains minor contamination Soil that and made ground. disturbed Spoil, content) matter clay/organic low e.g. (due to potential sorption Soils with a low high permeabilitySoils of a risk and represent contaminated is highly Soil that bedrock exposed soil is absent i.e. where Areas Farmland where artificial fertilisers are not used or are used used or are not artificialfertilisers are where Farmland or road; than 50m more trafficked located Areas a heavily of activity. industrial/commercial low very of Areas or habitats vegetation supportSoils that non-natural potential Soils with a medium sorption permeability moderate Soils of is disturbed. used or the ground are fertilisers land where Farm Soils that support areas of natural or semi-natural vegetation and habitats vegetation or semi-natural natural of support Soils that areas content) matter high clay/organic e.g. (due to potential Soils with a high sorption permeability. low Soils of soils; Uncontaminated in only limited quantities (e.g. dairy and organic farming); farming); dairy and organic quantities (e.g. limited in only (due to e.g. medium clay/organic matter content) matter medium clay/organic e.g. (due to terms of functional value are shown in Table 17.4 17.4 Table in shown value are functional of terms on maps (Baseline Soil and Geology) and illustrated 2. Book 1 of 3, Volume included as - in the baseline categorisation of The results ------Table 17.3 Criteria for baseline categorisation for Criteria 17.3 Table Criteria As the extent of contamination can not be be can not contamination of extent As the of the results borehole, single a by determined on maps visually presented are the assessment 3, Volume Soil and Geology)(Baseline included in boreholes The maps indicate EIS. this 2 of Book 1 of assessment the commercial exceeded have that of consumption with residential the and criteria criteria. vegetables grown home
Chapter 17 Page 314
Malahide (Boston Hill) Formation Soil and Geology 17.3 Description and categorisation This formation consists of nodular and muddy of the baseline environment argillaceous limestone with relatively uniform bed
thickness. This is a fossiliferous limestone and is interbedded with thin shale beds. The formation 17.3.1 Soils contains major units of very distinctive, laminated Boulder Clay (Limestone Derived Till) fine limestone. This formation is found in the The Dublin boulder clay/till occurs habitually Lissenhall area. across the Dublin basin overlying the Carboniferous Waulsortian Limestones limestone. This clay was formed from deposits This unit consists of massive unbedded lime- accumulating at the base of glaciers. The clay is mudstones. These beds are biomicritic in nature with highly consolidated and consists of a very stiff clay distinctive stromatactis. The sediments generally and silt matrix containing sand, gravel, cobbles formed mounds or reefs. The Waulsortian limestones and boulders. This clay is generally grey to black are generally dolomitised. These limestones are in colour. However, the boulder clay present in the found in the area around Dublin Airport. area of the proposed route is brown in colour and has higher sand and lower gravel content. Calp (Lucan) Formation The Calp Formation refers to various units of Glaciofluvial Sands and Gravels basinal limestone and shale formed from carbonate Pockets of glacial sands and gravels occur within sediment deposits. The Calp limestone consists the Dublin boulder clay described above. These of muddy limestone beds inter-bedded with sands and gravels are likely to have been deposited calcareous shale beds. in glacial ponds or streams and are generally water bearing. These sand and gravel pockets normally The limestone beds are grey to black in colour and occur in isolated areas. However, more extensive classified as strong to very strong. The limestone linear deposits may occur in the Fosterstown bed thickness, grain size and colour vary commonly. South and Balheary Demesne areas as a result of Chert and some fossils, such as corals and deposition in glacial river channels. braciopods, occur in localised areas. The fossils, however, are generally limited. Alluvial deposits Alluvial deposits are present along the proposed The shale beds are less substantial and dark grey to route. In particular these deposits are likely to black in appearance. These are typically moderately occur along the river areas such as the Tolka River, strong and are more susceptible to weathering than Ward River, Sluice River and Santry River, river and the limestones. This formation occurs across the estuarine areas such as the Broad Meadow River remainder of the alignment. and the area adjacent Forest Little golf course. Tober Colleen Formation The deposits are likely to consist of soft silts and The Tober Colleen formation is the lowest Calp sandy clays. Where dehydration has occurred, these formation and consists of calcerous mudstone deposits are likely to be stiff to very stiff. Localised interbedded with very argillaceous micrite. The pockets of these alluvial deposits are also likely to lower levels of this formation can include reef have occurred in historic ponds and streams. derived debris and large slumped reef blocks.
Made Ground Made ground is observed normally as the upper 17.3.3 Contamination encountered layer in the geological unit underlying Dublin As stated previously, in order to assess the city. Materials ranging from builders rubble to analytical results provided ERM have in the first industrial, inert and municipal waste were used to instance undertaken the assessment using fill natural depressions and areas of earth works the published Soil Guideline Values (SGV) for such as quarries around the Swords, Airport and properties from a commercial and residential with Drumcondra areas. Made ground was also used consumption of home grown vegetables setting. in the reclamation of tidal flats along the River Where these criteria are unavailable equivalent Liffey Estuary. Generic Assessment Criteria (GAC) have been developed for contaminants of concern which 17.3.2 Bedrock geology have been recorded at concentrations above the detection limits. Bedrock beneath the proposed route consists of Lower Carboniferous limestone with following The analytical parameters for all samples main formations; the ‘Calp’ formation, the Tober analysed were below the assessment criteria Colleen formation, Waulsortian limestones and for commercial properties. the Boston Hill formation. These formations are described below. Page 315
17.3.4 Settlement 17.3.4 by determined be will environment baseline The Ground Surveys. Movement Baseline undertaking have undertaken studies assessment movement structures, buildings, including property, identified be could that route the along infrastructure and generated construction by affected potentially taking information, this Using movements. ground prominent or sensitive of presence the of account property sample conditions, ground and structures, 12 to 6 of period a for monitoring for selected be will ambient enable to construction to prior just months to variations seasonal and survey levels, background construction the During route. the along identified be identify to used be will information this phase construction by generated movements ground baseline the to attributable are that those from movement baseline the undertaking By environment. the to possible as close as period a over monitoring and benefit greatest the enables phase construction data interpreting when derived be to understanding construction. during recorded the Baseline Movement that envisaged It is not ground in fluctuation significant a show will Surveys scheme proposed the of route the along movements conditions. environmental the natural due to the baseline environment of Categorisation 17.3.5 are categorisation the baseline of The results 17.4. Table summarised in
Volatile organic compounds organic Volatile compound, organic semi-volatile a Naphthalene, Hydrocarbons: The aromatic hydrocarbon hydrocarbon aromatic The Hydrocarbons: Metals: Cadmium and Nickel were elevated elevated were Nickel Cadmium and Metals: bromochloromethane and dichloromethane and dichloromethane bromochloromethane respective their above elevated were each. only location one at assessment criteria use. solvent of indicative These are This is only. one location in elevated was coal use. of indicative chain C12-C16 was elevated above its above elevated C12-C16 was chain 12 sampling locations. at assessment criteria aromatic a polycyclic Benzo(a)pyrene, its above elevated was (PAH), hydrocarbon locations. 6 sampling at assessment criteria are locations PAH these elevated of Five hydrocarbon the aromatic for also elevated fuel of indicative These are C12-C16. chain oil, heating as diesel, such contamination fuels. or coal stove lighting/oil above their respective assessment criteria criteria assessment their respective above analysed. the samples of percentage in a large its assessment above elevated was Arsenic These exceedances boreholes. seven for criteria occurring naturally of be as a result may a more require this would however, levels, assessment.detailed - - - In general the vast majority of analytical analytical of majority vast the In general the below were analysed samples for parameters properties. residential for criteria assessment the did breach some parameters However, below: detailed and these are criteria assessment -
Chapter 17 Page 316 Soil and Geology Functional value Functional Predominantly (III) Predominantly (II), (I), with some (IV) and (V) Predominantly (III), (I) with (II), (IV) and (V) also present (I) Predominantly (III) and with (II), (IV) Predominantly (III) Predominantly with some areas (II) and (IV) (I), of Predominantly (I) Predominantly (III) with some (II), and (IV) Predominantly (III) Predominantly (II) and (IV) with (I), also present Predominantly Predominantly (I) interspersed with (II) Predominantly (I) Predominantly with interspersed (III) and (IV) (II), also present Predominantly Predominantly (I) interspersed with (II)
Description areas of vegetation. of areas The area between Belinstown and Estuary Roundabout is Roundabout and Estuary Belinstown between The area are fertilisers where or amenity grassland farmland predominantly made of areas areas, with paved it is interspersed However, used. and wetland. grassland semi-natural of areas ground, Stop and the Swords Roundabout Estuary between This area paved. is predominantly Retail Airside to and the entrance Stop Swords between The area with interspersed it is However, paved. is predominantly Park The area between the entrance to Airside Retail Park and Park Retail Airside to the entrance between The area the northern farmland. airport is predominantly boundary Airport predominantly paved with some grassed areas. with some grassed paved Airport predominantly Airport southern boundary to Santry Avenue. Predominantly farmland Predominantly Airport Santry Avenue. southern boundary to grassland. semi-natural of and areas areas paved with interspersed Santry Avenue to the entrance to DCU. Predominantly paved paved Predominantly DCU. to the entrance to Santry Avenue amenity grassland farmland, of areas with interspersed and local green spaces green and local DCU to Eccles Street. Predominantly paved interspersed interspersed paved Predominantly Street. Eccles DCU to with local green spaces green with local Eccles Street to St. Stephen’s Green. Predominantly paved paved Predominantly Green. Stephen’s St. to Street Eccles spaces green local with interspersed Area Table 17.4 Baseline categorisation Baseline 17.4 Table MN101 MN102 MN103 MN104 MN105 MN106 MN107 Groundwater Page 319 t t t y a
a n n a
Baseline evaluation methodolog Baseline evaluation Introductio Study are Baseline dat criteri Baseline categorisation the baseline environmen of and categorisation Description environmen the baseline of Description the baseline environmen of Categorisation Introductio roundwater
18.2 18.2.1 18.2.2 18.2.3 18.2.4 18.3 18.3.1 18.3.2 G 18.1 18 Groundwater Page 321
Guidelines for the Crossing of Watercourses Watercourses of the Crossing Guidelines for During the Construction of National Road Road National of During the Construction 2005); and the NRA, (Natura Schemes Design Manual for Roads and Bridges and Bridges Roads Design Manual for – Statements Impact Environmental in Geology Study, Drainage Dublin Strategic Greater A Guide (Institute of Geologists of Ireland, 2002); 2002); Ireland, of Geologists of (Institute Guide A (National Development Plan and Dublin Development (National 2005). Drainage, (UK Highways Agency et al, 1997 al, et Agency (UK Highways updates)); (with ongoing
- - - - 18.2.2 Study area the assessment scope of The geographical 500mcomprises an area the either side of to groundwater, of In terms alignment. proposed operation and the construction of impacts potential within to be restricted likely will most the scheme of area.this study 18.2.3 Baseline data out in order carried was review desktop A detailed environment the baseline groundwater establish to was that The baseline data area. within the study 18.1. Table in is shown acquired
y
methodolog evaluation aseline
18.2 B Introduction 18.2.1 the methodology used to presents The section In addition baseline environment. the evaluate 2003), 2002 and EPA, Guidelines (EPA, the EPA to the baseline the scope and methodology for with devised was assessment and evaluation guidelines: the following to reference This chapter describes and evaluates the existing existing the describes and evaluates This chapter the of area in the environment groundwater scheme. proposed a number of compiling this chapter, Prior to planning and policy and local regional national, ascertain to if the reviewed documents were policies or objectives plans, documents contain any this review of The results groundwater. to relating Context in the Planning and Policy detailed are 4). Chapter 1, this EIS (Volume of chapter 18.1 Introduction 18.1 requirement in respect of groundwater. groundwater. of respect in requirement of the EIS has been prepared in order to fulfil this this fulfil to order in prepared been has EIS the of affected by the proposed scheme. This chapter chapter This scheme. proposed the by affected of the environment that are likely to be significantly significantly be to likely are that environment the of statement must contain a description of the aspects aspects the of a description contain must statement 2001 specifies that an environmental impact impact environmental an that specifies 2001 Section 39(2)(b) of the Railway Infrastructure Act, Act, Infrastructure Railway the of 39(2)(b) Section
Main Ground Investigation (IGSL Ltd, 2008); Ltd, (IGSL Investigation Main Ground Eastern Interim Groundwater Vulnerability Map (GSI, 2007); (GSI, Map Vulnerability Groundwater Interim Eastern 2007); Map (GSI, Zone Protection Source 2007); (GSI, Data Card Well North. Dublin Metro Report for Investigation Ground Factual North. Dublin Metro A) for Report (Group Investigation Ground North. Dublin Metro B) for Report (Group Investigation Ground and of Contamination Areas Possible of ’Identification Report: Main Ground Investigation IGSL Limited (April 2008); Limited IGSL Investigation Main Ground North. Dublin Metro B) for Report (Group Investigation Ground 6 and 7 Section Investigation Main Ground North. Dublin Metro of Modelling Dimensional Numerical Flow Three Hydrogeological, Wicklow Meath, Kildare, Dublin, 50: Sheet Series Maps, Discovery 1994). (GSI, and Wicklow The Geology Kildare of 2007); Map (GSI, Aquifer Bedrock Draft National 2007). (GSI, Data Card in Well yields abstraction Groundwater and of Contamination Areas Possible of ‘Identification Report: along located wells monitoring for results analytical Groundwater 2008); Ltd, (IGSL Investigation Main Ground Well Card Data Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI, 2007); (GSI, Ireland of Survey Geological Data Card Well North. Metro Dublin for Report Investigation Ground Factual North. Dublin Metro A) for Report (Group Investigation Ground Main Ground Investigation IGSL Limited (March 2008); (March Limited IGSL Investigation Main Ground (IGSL Ltd, 2007); Ltd, (IGSL IGSL Limited (February 2007); (February Limited IGSL Proposals for Location of Soils and Groundwater Monitoring Points Points Monitoring and Groundwater Soils of Location for Proposals 2007); Consulting Ltd, (AWN North’ Metro for 2008). Green, Young (White North route the Dublin Metro Points Monitoring Soils and Groundwater of Location for Proposals 2007). Consulting Ltd, (AWN North’ Metro for Norwest Holst Limited (March 2008); (March Limited Holst Norwest as submitted 2002), (Rooney, and Region Tunnel the Dublin Port University; State Pennsylvania the to in Science part a Masters of 1995); (OSI, Data source Data ------Baseline data data Baseline
Potential for groundwater groundwater for Potential vulnerability; Aquifer Zones; Protection Source groundwater; of Depth subsoils of Nature quality. Groundwater Aquifer classification; classification; Aquifer productivity. Aquifer groundwater for Potential Regional direction of of direction Regional hydraulic Aquifer stratum; Water-bearing of and thickness Nature Groundwater depth*; Groundwater conductivity; strata. overlying groundwater flow; groundwater overlying the aquifer; the aquifer; overlying contamination from from contamination activities; historic from contamination activities. current ------quality Groundwater - Aquifer importance Aquifer - - - - - Table 18.1: Table required Information - Aquifer characteristics Aquifer Aquifer Sensitivity Aquifer in this chapter, reported where depth, groundwater for an indicator information, strike * Groundwater only provides an indication of the level of the water table. This is because the sampling methodologyThis is because table. the water of the level of an indication provides only of equilibrium state a reach to for groundwater sufficient time allow used does not is typically that i.e. the static groundwater level. level. groundwater the static i.e.
Chapter 18 Page 322 Groundwater Page 323
>10m 5.0 - 10.0m5.0 3.0 - 5.0m3.0 0.0 - 3.0m0.0 Low permeability Low subsoil, clayey (e.g. peat) clay, as shown in Table 18.2. Table in as shown Available information regarding the nature and the nature regarding information Available rating vulnerability aquifer for GSI guidelines thickness of the overlying geological deposits deposits geological the overlying of thickness the from as taken depth and groundwater Dublin Report for Investigation Ground Factual 2007); Ltd, North (IGSL Metro
- - 18.2.4.2 Sensitivity 18.2.4.2 is aquifer an of ‘vulnerability’ or The sensitivity the including factors a number of by governed the of and thickness nature depth, groundwater quality. and groundwater strata geological overlying to the depth the route, of sections the surface For the soil type and the permeability of groundwater in determining key are the groundwater overlying the to travel contaminants may which at the rate groundwater sections, tunnelled For groundwater. and depth groundwater by sensitivity is determined quality. groundwater Map does not Vulnerability The GSI Eastern aquifers classes for vulnerability specify currently has the area of a survey in County Dublin because this In the absence of completed. been yet not the of assessed the vulnerability AWN information, alignment using: the proposed along aquifers / 3
Not applicable applicable Not >10.0m 3.0 -10.0m3.0 0.0 - 3.0m0.0 Moderate permeability Moderate sandy soil) (e.g.
/day) /day) 3 /day) groundwater yields and and yields groundwater /day) Not applicable applicable Not Not applicable applicable Not > 3.0m 0.0 - 3.0m0.0 Hydrogeological conditions Hydrogeological Subsoil permeability (type) and thickness High permeability (sand/gravel) 3 /day) to excellent (>400m excellent to /day) 3 GSI guidelines for aquifer vulnerability rating vulnerability aquifer for GSI guidelines * Release point of contaminants is assumed to be 1-2m below the ground surface. the ground below be 1-2m contaminants is assumed to point of * Release Low (L)* Low Moderate (M)* Moderate High (H)* Extreme (E)* Extreme ‘poor’ aquifers have poor groundwater yields (<40m yields groundwater poor have aquifers ‘poor’ day). The groundwater yield of each of the aquifers aquifers the of each of yield groundwater The day). review through determined is area study the within database. groundwater GSI the of Vulnerability rating Table 18.2 Table 18.2.4 Baseline categorisation criteria categorisation 18.2.4 Baseline environment the baseline of The categorisation ‘functional overall of the allocation involves area. the study within areas discreet to values’ with determined is the area value of The functional area the of ‘sensitivity’ ‘importance’, the to reference on impact that effects’ adverse ‘existing and any in is explained terms these three of Each the area. groundwater. of in the context below detail Importance 18.2.4.1 in Zones Protection Source The GSI has defined to recognised are and these areas the Dublin area be particularly important be protected and must is used in these areas the groundwater because supply. as a drinking water is aquifer an with associated importance of level The classified has GSI The productivity. its to related also of terms in area Dublin the in aquifers bedrock the classification this to According productivity. their good have aquifers important’ ‘regionally system, 400m to (100 Groundwater levels are also subject to diurnal, diurnal, to subject also are levels Groundwater also and can variations and climatic seasonal drainage including factors other by be affected and tidal variations. conditions groundwater yields. ‘Locally important’ aquifers have have aquifers important’ ‘Locally yields. groundwater 100m to (40 moderate Low (II) Functional value Functional Medium (III) Very high Very (V) High (IV) /day); /day); /day); 3 3 /day) ; ; /day) 3
/day) to excellent excellent to /day) /day) to excellent excellent to /day) 3 3 18.2.4.4 Functional value Functional 18.2.4.4 is the baseline environment of value The functional specific criteria of a number means of by evaluated importance account the sensitivity and into take to The criteria the environment. of features different of 18.3. Table described in are been defined have that /day); /day); 3
/day) groundwater yields; groundwater /day) /day) groundwater yields; yields; groundwater /day) Criteria for baseline categorisation for Criteria 3 3 (>400m (>400m Source Protection Zones are not present; not are Zones Protection Source present; not are wells abstraction supply water Potable existing by some extent upon to be impacted to quality is likely Groundwater Contamination of groundwater may exist due to development in the area. development due to exist may groundwater of Contamination 100m (40 to yields groundwater Important with moderate Aquifer Locally areas). Greenfield (e.g. be good to is likely quality Groundwater present; not are Zones Protection Source 100m to (40 yields groundwater Important with moderate Aquifer Locally vulnerability; extreme to of moderate classified as being Aquifer in the area. development due to exist may groundwater of Contamination Some of the wells in the area are used, or are proposed to be used, be used, to proposed or are used, are in the area the wells Some of 400m (100 to important with good aquifer Regionally vulnerability; extreme high to of Aquifer areas). Greenfield (e.g. be good to is likely quality Groundwater present; not are Zones Protection Source high vulnerability; to moderate of Aquifer 400m (100 to Important with good Aquifer Regionally Source Protection Zones are present; are Zones Protection Source for potable water supply; water potable for development in the area; in the area; development - Aquifer of moderate to extreme vulnerability. extreme to moderate of - Aquifer ------or ------Table 18.3 Table Criteria - 18.2.4.3 Existing adverse effects adverse Existing 18.2.4.3 be to also needs quality groundwater Existing functional when determining account into taken In some environment. the baseline values for resource a groundwater of the quality cases, current and/or historic due to be diminished may groundwater to relating Criteria contamination. account into to take been defined quality have the fact that the quality of aquifers in urban aquifers the quality of that the fact areas with a long history of industrial activity activity industrial of history with a long areas in some cases, may, disposal and wastewater have been compromised. have - Locally Important Aquifer with moderate groundwater yields (40 to 100m (40 to yields groundwater Important with moderate Aquifer - Locally - Aquifer of low vulnerability. vulnerability. low of - Aquifer or (<40m yields with poor groundwater Aquifer - Poor
Chapter 18 Page 324 Criteria Functional value Groundwater - Source Protection Zones are not present; Very low (I) - Potable water supply abstraction wells are not present;
- Poor Aquifer (<40m3/day); - Aquifer of moderate to low vulnerability; - Groundwater quality is likely to be poor (e.g. contaminated areas).
The functional value of the lands within the study Groundwater depth area, as evaluated using these criteria, is shown in The GSI well card data does not include any records Table 18.4. This information is also illustrated on of groundwater strikes in this area. According to the maps (Baseline Surface Water and Groundwater) in IGSL report (2007), the main water-bearing stratum Volume 3, Book 1 of 2 of this EIS. in Lissenhall and the surrounding area is the sandy, gravely clay stratum. However, there are a small number of areas where gravels and limestone act 18.3 Description and categorisation as an aquifer for groundwater. According to the of the baseline environment IGSL report (2007), the depth of groundwater in
this section of the study area is generally shallow and ranges from 1.8m bgl (below ground level) 18.3.1 Description of the baseline environment (at a location close to the Broad Meadow River) to The following sections detail the results of the 5.8m bgl. Groundwater levels along the alignment desktop review of all of the hydrogeological data are illustrated on maps (Baseline Surface Water that is currently available and applicable to the and Groundwater) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of study area (as detailed in Table 18.1). 2. These levels were calculated by AWN based on data provided in the IGSL report (2007), IGSL Report (2008a) and IGSL Report (2008b) and provided by the 18.3.1.1 Belinstown Stop to Lissenhall Stop project engineers (Jacobs Engineering Ireland Ltd.). Geology Groundwater flow According to the GSI, subsoils in the area The Dublin Limestone Aquifer is highly sensitive to consist predominantly of till derived chiefly from small-scale changes in recharge rates, which can Carboniferous limestone and undifferentiated have significant impacts on the artesian heads in alluvium. According to the Factual Ground the surrounding area. The hydraulic conductivity Investigation Report for Dublin Metro North - RPA of the Dublin Limestone Aquifer is due to fracture Contract No. M7081 (IGSL Ltd., 2007), typical ground permeability and ranges from 3.6x10-6 to 6.95x10- conditions in this section of the alignment comprise 7m/s. However, the connection of the limestone up to 1.8m of made ground, which is underlain by aquifer to more hydraulically transmissive units thick deposits of glacial till. (such as sands, gravels and silts) also plays an GSI well card data does not provide any information important role in the hydrogeological regime in with respect to the depth to bedrock but according the area. The study by Rooney (2002) predicts that to the GSI database, the bedrock underlying this recharge rates in the Dublin Limestone Aquifer area consists of the Malahide Formation and is and the overburden sediments are in the range composed of shales, siltstones, sandstones and of 1.38x10-9m/s. thin limestones. The IGSL report (2007) indicates According to Rooney (2002), the deposits of that the boreholes in this area confirm the presence glaciomarine silts, alluvial silts, sands and gravels of limestone and that the depth to bedrock ranges act as conduits for groundwater flow from the from 4.0m bgl (below ground level) to 20.9m bgl. study area towards the Irish Sea. An unnamed Aquifer type watercourse also flows in a south-easterly The primary aquifer in this area is the Dublin direction through the Lissenhall area and is likely to Limestone Aquifer (Rooney, 2002 and Daly & Reilly, influence the direction of groundwater flow around 1979). Reference to the GSI National Draft Bedrock the watercourse. Topography is considered to be Aquifer Map indicates that the part of the aquifer the main factor governing the groundwater regime that underlies this area is classified as a ’locally in this area and groundwater typically flows from important aquifer that is moderately productive in high areas to low areas. The general direction of local zones’ (LI). The potential for gravel aquifers groundwater flow within this section of the study cannot be confirmed because the GSI has not yet area is expected to be in a south-easterly direction completed a gravel aquifer classification survey from areas of high ground towards lower lying in this area. coastal areas. The GSI well card data does not provide any Page 325 information on groundwater use, yields or water- bearing strata. However, it is likely that there are groundwater users in this area. Chapter 18 Groundwater vulnerability According to GSI, the bedrock in this area consists According to the GSI Eastern Interim Vulnerability of the Malahide Formation which extends from Map, the proposed alignment crosses an area Lissenhall to just north of the airport where it where the groundwater vulnerability ranges meets the Waulsortian Formation. The geology from high to low. The precise vulnerability of associated with the Malahide Formation has the groundwater in this area has not yet been already been described. The Waulsortian Formation determined because the GSI has only carried is a poorly-bedded, pure limestone with distinctive out an interim study to date. cavity-filling stromatactis structures. AWN has reviewed all of the information available The GSI well card data included in Annex E (Volume for this area and has used the criteria detailed in 3, Book 2 of 2) indicates that the depth to bedrock Table 18.2 to define the groundwater vulnerability within Swords can be shallow (approximately 1.5m as extreme (the subsoil consists of low permeability bgl). The GSI well card data does not provide any glacial tills and the groundwater is encountered further information on depths to bedrock in this within 3m of the surface). area. According to the IGSL report (2007), the depth to bedrock varies significantly across this area and Potential contamination ranges from 2.0 to >38m bgl. Potential sources of historic/current contamination in this area are limited to activities associated Aquifer type with farming practises e.g. fertilisation, use of The primary aquifer in this area is, as before, the pesticides etc. Dublin Limestone Aquifer. This part of the aquifer is classified as a ‘locally important aquifer that is AWN carried out a review of groundwater analytical moderately productive in local zones’ (LI). According results (RPA, 2008) for monitoring wells located to the GSI, this part of the study area has not yet along the proposed alignment. White Young Green been surveyed to determine the potential for the undertook the groundwater monitoring program presence of gravel aquifers. on behalf of the RPA in 2008. The groundwater analytical results are included in Annex E, According to the GSI well card data, groundwater Volume 3, Book 2 of 2. The groundwater samples in this area is used for industrial purposes. The collected within the study area were analysed for exact use and number of abstraction wells is a range of parameters, which included metals, unknown. The GSI well card data indicates that pesticides, SVOCs (including PAH and phenols), the abstraction yield for groundwater wells in TPH, VOCs, alcohols and glycols. AWN compared the the Swords area is good (100-400m3/day), which groundwater analytical results against the EPA’s is consistent with the expected yield from the Interim Guideline Values (IGV) for groundwater Malahide Formation. There are three faults running that are contained in Table 3.1 in the publication through the Malahide Formation in this area. ‘Towards Setting Guideline Values for the Protection These faults provide potential for higher localised of Groundwater in Ireland - Interim Report’ (EPA, groundwater permeabilities than is normal in the 2003). Generally levels of contaminants in the surrounding areas and therefore higher yields may groundwater along this section of the proposed be expected in the vicinity of these faults. The GSI scheme were below method detection limits publication entitled ’The Geology of Kildare – or present at low concentrations. However, Wicklow’ (GSI, 1994), indicates that the Waulsortian exceedances of the EPA’s IGVs were registered in Formation may produce water yields in the region a number of monitoring wells for the pesticide of 300–1500 m3/day. However, this publication does Malathion, zinc, lead, ammonical nitrogen, sulphate, not provide any site-specific information for the nitrite and TPH. These contaminants would be area around Dublin Airport and the GSI well card considered typical for areas used for agricultural data does not provide any information regarding purposes and urban development. groundwater yields from this area.
Groundwater depth 18.3.1.2 Lissenhall Stop to Dublin Airport Stop The GSI well card data does not include any records of groundwater strikes in this area. According to the Geology IGSL reports (2007, 2008a and 2008b), the depth of According to the GSI, subsoils in the area of Dublin groundwater in the Swords area ranges from 1.0m Airport and Swords predominantly consist of made bgl approximately to 7.5m bgl. The water-bearing ground. According to the GSI, the remaining areas stratum in this area is the sandy, gravely clay consist of ‘till derived chiefly from Carboniferous (glacial till). limestone’, undifferentiated alluvium and glaciofluvial carboniferous limestone sands To the south of Swords (Nevinstown, Crowscastle, and gravels. Cloghran and Fosterstown), the groundwater that was encountered by IGSL primarily occurred in According to the IGSL report (2007), typical ground the sandy gravely clays (glacial till). Groundwater conditions in this area comprise made ground along this section of the proposed scheme ranges (ranging in depth from 0.2 to 2.3m bgl) underlain in depth from 1.0m bgl approximately to 12.12m bgl. by thick deposits of glacial till (up to 38m bgl). The presence of streams in these areas is likely to Page 326 influence the direction of groundwater flow. In the area of Dublin Airport, the groundwater - Swords Business Park east and Groundwater depths that were measured during the course of the south of Seatown Roundabout; IGSL site investigation work (February 2007 to April - Tionscail Industrial Estate adjacent 2008) ranged from 1.34m bgl to 23.22m bgl. to Seatown Roundabout; Groundwater levels along the alignment are - Historic quarries adjacent to Chapel Lane; illustrated on maps (Baseline Surface Water and Groundwater) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. - Airside Business Park south of R132 These levels were calculated by AWN based on at Pavilions Shopping Centre; data provided in the IGSL reports (2007, 2008a and - Petrol station and scrap yard adjacent 2008b) and by Jacobs Engineering Ireland Ltd. to the entrance to Boroimhe Estate; Groundwater flow - Aircraft hangars, aircraft refuelling areas The findings of the study by Rooney (2002) and car parks in Dublin Airport; on hydraulic conductivities and transmissive geological units in the Dublin Limestone Aquifer - Light industrial premises (kitchen have already been discussed in this chapter and manufacturers and car modification firm) are also applicable to this section of the study at Dublin Airport; area. In general, the groundwater in this area is - Historic quarries at Dublin Airport. expected to flow in an easterly direction towards the lower lying coastal areas. The glacial deposits As previously mentioned, AWN carried out a review encountered in this area would typically act as of groundwater analytical results (RPA, 2008) conduits for groundwater flow from the study for monitoring wells located along the proposed area towards the Irish Sea. alignment. The groundwater analytical results are included in Annex E, Volume 3, Book 2 of 2. The The Ward River, which flows in a north-easterly groundwater samples collected within the study direction through Swords, and the Broad Meadow area were analysed for a range of parameters, which River, which flows in an easterly direction through included metals, pesticides, SVOCs (including PAH Swords, are likely to influence the direction of and phenols), TPH, VOCs, alcohols, glycols inorganics groundwater flow in the vicinity of Swords. The and PCBs. The comparison of the groundwater Mayne River, which flows in an easterly direction analytical results against the EPA’s IGVs indicated towards Dublin Bay from the east of Dublin Airport, that the level of contaminants in the groundwater is likely to influence the direction of groundwater along this section of the scheme were below method flow in this localised area. detection limits or present at low concentrations. Groundwater vulnerability However, exceedances of the EPA’s IGVs were The GSI has not identified any source protection registered in a number of monitoring wells for the zones in this area. Reference to the GSI Eastern pesticide Malathion, zinc, lead, ammonical nitrogen, Interim Vulnerability Map indicates that the section sulphate, nitrite and TPH. These contaminants would of the proposed alignment, which extends from be considered typical for areas used for agricultural Lissenhall Stop to the Dublin Airport Stop, crosses purposes and urban development. an area where the groundwater vulnerability ranges from high to low. The precise vulnerability 18.3.1.3 Dublin Airport Stop to of the groundwater in this area has not yet been Dublin City University (DCU) Stop determined because the GSI has only carried out an interim study to date. Geology According to the GSI, subsoils in this area AWN has reviewed all of the information available predominantly consist of made ground around for this area and has used the criteria detailed in Dublin Airport, Ballymun and Glasnevin North. Table 18.2 to define the groundwater vulnerability According to the IGSL report (2007), made ground as high to extreme (the subsoil consists of low extends to approximate depths of 1m bgl in the permeability glacial tills and the groundwater is Ballymun area and is underlain by deposits of encountered within 3-5m of the surface). glacial till that extend to limestone bedrock. Potential contamination The naturally occurring subsoils within this section According to the AWN report (2007), potential of the scheme consists of till derived chiefly from sources of historic/current contamination in Carboniferous limestone with undifferentiated this area include the following: alluvium also reported in the Santry Demesne area. - Business parks/industrial landuse The GSI report that bedrock in this area consists (including Eve Ltd, Estuary and Bostik of the Tober Colleen and Lucan Formations, Evode Industries) along the R132; predominantly dark grey argillaceous and cherty - A wastewater treatment plant east limestones and shales. These formations are of Estuary Roundabout; generally referred to as ‘Calp’ Limestone.
- A vehicle recovery yard at Lissenhall Bridge; Page 327 Chapter 18 According to the GSI well card data included in Groundwater flow Annex E (Volume 3, Book 2 of 2), the depth to The general direction of groundwater flow in this bedrock in the area of Ballymun ranges from 20 area is expected to be in a south easterly direction to 23m bgl. According to the IGSL report (2007), towards the lower lying coastal areas. This flow is the depth to bedrock ranges from 18.5 to >30m expected to be facilitated by the presence of glacial bgl in the area of Ballymun. Neither the GSI well deposits that have the potential to act as conduits card data, nor the IGSL report (2007), provides any for groundwater flow towards the Tolka River and information regarding the depth to bedrock in any the Irish Sea. of the other areas within this section. Groundwater vulnerability Aquifer type The GSI has not identified any Source Protection The Dublin Limestone Aquifer continues to be Zones in this area. Reference to the GSI Eastern the primary aquifer in this area (Rooney, 2002). Interim Vulnerability Map indicates that the The characteristics of this aquifer have already section of the proposed scheme, which extends been discussed. According to the GSI National from Dublin Airport to DCU, crosses an area where Draft Bedrock Aquifer Map, the part of the aquifer the groundwater vulnerability ranges from high that underlies this area is a ‘locally important to low. As previously discussed, the GSI has only aquifer that is moderately productive in local carried out an interim study to date so the precise zones’ (LI). The GSI describes the Calp Formation vulnerability of the groundwater in this area has not as being predominately of low permeability. yet been determined. However, the GSI also notes that there are a AWN has reviewed all of the information available number of nonconformities and boulder beds that for this area and has used the criteria detailed in occur at a number of horizons in the Calp. These Table 18.2 to define the groundwater vulnerability nonconformities indicate periods of faulting, uplift as high (the subsoil consists of low permeability and erosion. Permeability and well yields are glacial tills and the groundwater is encountered expected to be higher than usual in these areas. within 5m of the surface). According to GSI, one major fault runs in a north/ south direction between Ballymun and Santry and Potential contamination permeability/well yields can be expected to be According to the AWN report (2007), potential higher in this area as a result. sources of historic/current contamination in this area include the following: According to the GSI well card data, the groundwater abstraction yield for wells in this area - Park & Ride facilities for Dublin Airport; ranges from moderate (40-100m3/day) to excellent - Used car sales yards and a truck wash facility (>400m3/day). Data on groundwater usage in this near Sillogue Golf Course; area is not provided in the GSI well card data. - Tesco Distribution Centre south of M50; Groundwater depth The GSI well card data only contains one record of - A Statoil petrol station on Ballymun Road; a groundwater strike and this occurred at 60m bgl - Northwood Business Park near in Ballymun. This groundwater strike level is much Santry Demesne; deeper than those recorded during the IGSL site investigation (4.10 to 6.8m bgl). According to the - An area where construction and IGSL report (2007), these groundwater strikes were demolition material has been disposed encountered in the sandy gravely clays in this area. at St. Margaret’s Road; The main water-bearing stratum appeared to be the - An area where construction and demolition sandy gravely clays (glacial tills). material is understood to have been disposed According to the reports from IGSL (2007, 2008a and to the north of the M50 Roundabout in Sillogue. 2008b) the depth to groundwater at Dublin Airport - Ballymun Industrial Estate; ranged from 1.34m bgl to 23.22m bgl. The IGSL reports indicate that the groundwater depth in the - Areas where waste is sometimes disposed area that extends from the south of Dublin Airport of at Geraldstown Woods; to the Northwood Stop ranges from 0.44m bgl to - An electrical substation at Coultry Drive. 7.79m bgl. Groundwater was encountered by IGSL at depths ranging from 1.15m bgl to 12.18m bgl along the section of the proposed scheme that extends from the Northwood Stop to the DCU Stop. Groundwater levels along the alignment are illustrated on maps (Baseline Surface Water and Groundwater) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. These levels were calculated by AWN based on data provided in the IGSL reports (2007, 2008a and 2008b) and provided by Jacobs Engineering Page 328 Ireland Ltd. As previously mentioned, AWN carried out a review Aquifer type Groundwater of groundwater analytical results (RPA, 2008) The Dublin Limestone Aquifer continues to be the for monitoring wells located along the proposed primary aquifer in this area. According to the GSI alignment. The groundwater analytical results are National Draft Bedrock Aquifer Map the part of the included in Annex E, Volume 3, Book 2 of 2. The aquifer that underlies this part of the study area groundwater samples collected within the study is a ‘locally important aquifer that is moderately area were analysed for a range of parameters, which productive in local zones’ (LI). According to the included metals, pesticides, SVOCs (including PAH GSI, the study area has not yet been surveyed to and phenols), TPH, VOCs, alcohols, glycols inorganics determine the potential presence of gravel aquifers. and PCBs. The comparison of the groundwater This section of the route is underlain by the Calp analytical results against the EPA’s IGVs indicated and no faults are recorded in the Calp in this area. that the level of contaminants in the groundwater However, the possibility of unrecorded, localised along this section of the scheme were below method faulting cannot be ruled out and therefore higher detection limits or present at low concentrations. permeabilities leading to higher extraction yields However, exceedances of the EPA’s IGVs were may be experienced in localised areas. registered in a number of monitoring wells for The groundwater abstraction yields recorded in the chromium, nickel, lead, ammonical nitrogen, fluoride, GSI well card data for Glasnevin range from poor the pesticide malathion, COD. In addition, elevated (<40m3/day) in the limestone bedrock to excellent levels of TPH were encountered in one well. These (>400m3/day) in shale bedrock. The groundwater contaminants would be considered typical for areas abstraction yields recorded by GSI for Parnell used for urban development. Street, North Brunswick Street, Ormond Quay and Barrow Street are good (100-400m3/day). Limestone 18.3.1.4 Dublin City University Stop is indicated to be the water-bearing stratum. to St. Stephen’s Green Stop Groundwater in this area appears to be mainly used for industrial purposes (where the use is specified Geology in the GSI well card data). According to the GSI, subsoils in this area generally consist of made ground. However, some areas in Groundwater depth Whitehall, Glasnevin and Drumcondra consist of According to GSI, the water-bearing stratum till derived chiefly from Carboniferous limestone in Drumcondra is the deposits of gravely clay. with undifferentiated alluvium. This geology is also Based on the groundwater level measurements present in the area of DCU and the Tolka River. contained in the IGSL report (2007) and the Norwest Holst report (2008), the static depth According to the IGSL report (2007), to the south of groundwater in Drumcondra ranges from 1.14m of DCU in the direction of the Mater Hospital, bgl to 6.8m bgl. The Tolka River is likely to influence the depth of made ground increases and the the depth and direction of groundwater flow in the average depth is about 1.5m bgl in Glasnevin Drumcondra area. and Drumcondra. Made ground in these areas is underlain by deposits of glacial till that extend According to the GSI well card data, groundwater to the bedrock. The depth to bedrock ranges from strikes were encountered in wells in Dublin city 12 to 16.5m bgl. centre at depths ranging from 2.2 to 6.2m bgl at Barrow Street. No other groundwater strikes are According to the IGSL report (2007), in the vicinity recorded in the GSI well card data for this area. of Mountjoy Prison and the Mater Hospital, typical ground conditions comprise up to 3.0m of made According to the IGSL report (2007), groundwater ground. This made ground is underlain by deposits strikes were encountered during drilling in the of glacial till that extend to bedrock. Limestone vicinity of Mountjoy Prison and the Mater Hospital bedrock was encountered by IGSL at depths ranging at depths ranging from 3.9 to 7.6m bgl (either from approximately 12 to 19m bgl. in sandy, gravely clay or gravel deposits). The measured static groundwater levels ranged from According to the IGSL report (2007), made ground in 3.14m bgl next to the Royal Canal to 12.5m bgl at the city centre extends to a depth of approximately the Mater Hospital. 4m bgl. This made ground is underlain by up to 4m of deposits of sandy, gravely clay (glacial till), From Parnell Square to Trinity College Dublin, which is in turn underlain by gravel. These deposits groundwater strikes were recorded mainly in the are underlain by limestone bedrock. The depth to gravel aquifer at depths ranging from 4.1 to 8.0m bedrock ranges from 7 to 27m bgl. bgl (IGSL, 2007). The measured static groundwater levels along these sections of the proposed scheme GSI well card data indicates that the depth to ranged from 8.0m bgl at Parnell Square to 3.7m bgl bedrock in this area ranges from 2.5m bgl at North at Talbot Street. Brunswick Street to 9.1m bgl at Parnell Street and Ormond Quay. The static groundwater levels from Trinity College Dublin to St. Stephen’s Green ranged from 0.5m to 6.66m bgl, based on the groundwater level
measurements contained in the IGSL report (2007) Page 329 and the Norwest Holst Report (2008). Chapter 18 The shallow groundwater depth in this area of Potential contamination the proposed scheme is likely to be influenced by Historic and current industrial/commercial the proximity of the River Liffey. AWN has noted activities in this area may potentially have led to fluctuations of 0.2 to 0.3m in groundwater levels the contamination of the underlying aquifers. on other sites in the vicinity of the River Liffey in According to the AWN report (2007), potential Dublin’s Docklands due to the influence of high sources of historic/current contamination in this and low tides. These figures are provided as an area include the following: indication only on the likely influence of the tide on - Shell petrol station on Collins Avenue; groundwater levels in Dublin City Centre. - A petrol station on Ballymun Road; Groundwater levels along the alignment are illustrated on maps (Baseline Surface Water and - Car sales, cleaning and repair Groundwater) included in Volume 3, Book 1 of 2. on Hollybank Road; These levels were calculated by AWN based on data - A printers/photocopiers on Hollybank Road; provided in the IGSL report (2007) and the report by Norwest Holst (2008) and provided by the project - A dry cleaners on Drumcondra Road near the engineers (Jacobs Engineering Ireland Ltd.). junction with Richmond Road;
Groundwater flow - A car rental company on Drumcondra Road, The findings of the study by Rooney (2002) at the end of Botanic Road; on hydraulic conductivities and transmissive - An interior wood design workshop on geological units in the Dublin Limestone Aquifer Drumcondra Road; have already been discussed in this report and are applicable to this section of the study area. - A dry cleaners on Drumcondra Road; According to Rooney (2002), the deposits of - 3 garages specialising in car sales, repairs glaciomarine and alluvial silts, sands and gravels act and tyres on Russell Street; as conduits for groundwater flow towards the Irish - A laundrette on North Circular Road; Sea. Historic infilling, which has taken place between DCU and St. Stephen’s Green, could act as a further - A car sales garage on Dorset Street Lower; conduit for groundwater flow towards the Irish - A laundrette on Dorset Street Lower; Sea. The topography of this area is also expected to influence groundwater flow in a south easterly - A photographic studio on Dorset Street Lower; direction towards the Irish Sea. The River Tolka, - A printing works (former tobacco works) which flows in a south-easterly direction towards at Botanic Road; the harbour, is likely to influence the direction of groundwater flow in the Drumcondra area. The River - A car sales garage close to the Mater Hospital; Liffey, which flows in an easterly direction towards - A photographic studio close to the the harbour, is likely to influence the direction of Mater Hospital; groundwater flow in the city centre area. - The former Irish Times offices and Groundwater vulnerability printing press in D’Olier Street; The GSI has not identified any Source Protection Zones in this area. Reference to the GSI Eastern - Tara Street DART Station; Interim Vulnerability Map indicates that the section - Photographers on O’Connell Street; of the proposed scheme, which extends from DCU to St. Stephen’s Green, crosses an area where the - Printers on Abbey Street Middle and Lower; groundwater vulnerability ranges from high to low. - Asbestos manufacturers on Abbey Street The precise vulnerability of the groundwater in this Middle and Lower; area has not yet been determined because the GSI has only carried out an interim study to date. - Chemical manufacturers on Abbey Street Middle and Lower; AWN has reviewed all of the information available for this area and has used the criteria detailed in - Printers on Grafton Street, Dawson Street Table 18.2 to define the groundwater vulnerability and Nassau Street; as high (the subsoil consists of low permeability - Photographers on Grafton Street, Dawson Street glacial tills and the groundwater is encountered and Nassau Street; within 5m of the surface). - Dry cleaners on Grafton Street, Dawson Street and Nassau Street. Page 330 As previously mentioned, AWN carried out a review The comparison of the groundwater analytical Groundwater of groundwater analytical results (RPA, 2008) results against the EPA’s IGVs indicated that the for monitoring wells located along the proposed level of contaminants in the groundwater along this scheme. The groundwater analytical results are section of the scheme were below method detection included in Annex E, Volume 3, Book 2 of 2. The limits or present at low concentrations. However, groundwater samples collected within the study exceedances of the EPA’s IGVs were registered for area were analysed for a range of parameters, one well in the vicinity of the Mater Hospital for the which included metals, pesticides, SVOCs total coliforms, sulphate and electrical conductivity. (including PAH and phenols), TPH, VOCs, alcohols, glycols inorganics, PCBs, acids/bases, alkalinity, 18.3.2 Categorisation of the baseline environment bacteriological contamination and organics. A summary of the functional values that were applied to each section of the alignment is provided in Table 18.4.
Table 18.4 Baseline categorisation
Functional Area Name Summary Description Value MN101 Lissenhall to - No Groundwater Source Protection Zones (III) Nevinstown are present;
- Locally Important Aquifer present with moderate groundwater yields; - Aquifer of extreme vulnerability (groundwater encountered within 3m from the ground level and overlain by low permeability glacial tills);
- Groundwater quality impacted to some extent by long term urban activity and agricultural practices. MN102 Nevinstown to - No Groundwater Source Protection Zones (III) Fosterstown South are present;
- Locally Important Aquifer present with moderate groundwater yields; - Aquifer of extreme vulnerability (groundwater encountered within 3m from the ground level and overlain by low permeability glacial tills);
- Groundwater quality impacted to some extent by long term urban activity and agricultural practices. MN103 Fosterstown South - No Groundwater Source Protection Zones present; (II) to Dardistown - Poor Aquifer with poor groundwater yields; - Aquifer of moderate to high vulnerability;
- Groundwater quality is likely to be impacted to some extent by development in the area;
- This section of the route is largely located underground in tunnel. MN104 Dardistown to - No Groundwater Source Protection Zones (III) Northwood are present;
- Locally Important Aquifer present with moderate groundwater yields; - Aquifer of extreme vulnerability (groundwater encountered within 3m from the ground level and overlain by low permeability glacial tills);
- Groundwater quality impacted to some extent by long term urban activity. Page 331 Chapter 18 Functional Area Name Summary Description Value MN105 Northwood to DCU - No Groundwater Source Protection Zones (III) are present;
- Locally Important Aquifer present with moderate groundwater yields; - Aquifer of extreme vulnerability (groundwater encountered within 3m from the ground level and overlain by low permeability glacial tills);
- Groundwater quality impacted to some extent by long term urban activity.
MN106 DCU to Mater - No Groundwater Source Protection Zones (II) are present;
- Locally Important Aquifer present with moderate groundwater yields; - Aquifer of high vulnerability (groundwater encountered within 5m from the ground level and overlain by low permeability glacial tills);
- Groundwater quality impacted to some extent by long term urban activity;
- Tunnelled section of route.
MN107 Mater to - No Groundwater Source Protection Zones (II) St. Stephen’s Green are present;
- Locally Important Aquifer present with moderate groundwater yields; - Aquifer of high vulnerability (groundwater encountered within 5m from the ground level and overlain by low permeability glacial tills);
- Groundwater quality impacted to some extent by long term urban activity;
- Tunnelled section of route. Page 332