1/15 February 2015

WAZA History at a Glance | p 2 Memories of Past Presidents | p 6 96 | p 14 IIII WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 1

Lee Contents Editorial Ehmke President’s Page

WAZA: 80 Years of History at a Glance ...... 2 The history of WAZA tracks closely Presidents of WAZA (Part One) – Memories & Reflections with these cultural changes. From Lester Fisher ...... 6 a nearly all-male and Eurocentric Peter Karsten ...... 8 “club” of zoologists and veterinar- Gunther Nogge ...... 10 ians when founded as the Interna- Satch Krantz ...... 11 tional Association of the Directors of Fred Daman ...... 12 Zoological Gardens in 1935, today’s Willie Labuschagne ...... 13 and leadership is far more diverse in terms of geography, 96 Elephants ...... 14 gender and professional background. – A Communicator’s Nightmare ...... 16 The stories of past WAZA Presidents featured in this issue of WAZA News Book Reviews ...... 18 illuminate some of the shifts in Announcements ...... 18 philosophy and practice we’ve seen New Exhibit News: Magic Mountain ...... 20 in our profession over just the past © Tiago Pinto Pereira, WAZA few years. Never has the need for the Is Us ...... 22 Gerald Dick and loris services we provide and expertise 250th WAZA-branded Conservation Project ...... 24 at Jurong Bird Park. © LE we possess been greater. As recently WAZA Projects Lee Ehmke in Tanzania. calculated by the World Wildlife Fund Virginia & Maryland Sea Turtle Research ...... 26 Dear WAZA members and friends! and the of London, Manatee Rescue ...... 27 This issue of WAZA News celebrates But what would our 1930s counter- vertebrate life on earth has Karisoke Research Center ...... 28 What a start into the New Year! This year it is the 80th year of our Association’s parts make of a planet where over declined by more than half since 1970. Progress in Romanian ...... 29 80 years ago that WAZA was formally founded existence. It is fascinating to con- seven billion people are making their In just the last two decades, we’ve International Studbooks ...... 30 based on a constitution in , . template how different the world presence felt in every corner of the seen the of the Yangtze Call for Papers: 70th Annual Conference ...... 30 80 years of professionalism and leadership of the was eighty years ago. What were the globe, even in places once considered river , the golden toad, the New Members ...... 32 zoological community. issues that zoo and aquarium direc- “wilderness?” Of a world where on Pinta Island tortoise, the Dusky Obituary: Ernst M. Lang ...... 36 You will have noticed that the WAZA News have tors of the 1930s were concerned average 96 elephants are killed every seaside sparrow, the Pyrenean ibex, undergone some renovation work at this occasion with? No doubt many of the same day to satisfy a seemingly boundless just to name a few. The founders and I hope you will like it. Because of WAZA’s Anni- things that today’s institutional appetite for “luxury” products? Where and early members of WAZA would versary it is a great honour to present some memo- leaders spend time worrying about – in the space of a few decades ancient be troubled to know of these losses, ries and insights into the history of our association finances, personnel, the health and traditions of subsistence hunting but might also be astonished at how by outstanding individuals, WAZA’s past presidents. well‑being of the in their care, have transformed into a global deeply committed zoos and aquari- As part one in this edition of the WAZA News, those planning building projects, business black market for “bushmeat.” Or of ums of the 21st century have become personal stories and reflections are presented after programmes, politics – also occupied a culture where it is far more likely for to combating the seemingly inexora- the timeline of our association – many interesting much of the time and energy of our people to spend hours watching “cute ble diminution of the planet’s wildlife milestones such as the founding of IUCN where counterparts eight decades ago. animal” videos on line than to have diversity and abundance. WAZA was already part of the community back ever seen a deer, badger, songbird or Imprint in 1948 in Fontainebleau, France. But could our predecessors have even a cow in the flesh? Following the resolution which was passed at imagined today’s zoo and aquarium Editor: Gerald Dick, New Delhi about illegal trade and animal sourcing, world, and the opportunities and The evolution of our institutions WAZA Executive Office the issue of and bush trade challenges we now face? Surely they since the 1930s has been profound, IUCN Conservation Centre is addressed and it is hoped that all WAZA members would have marveled at the tech- reflecting the enormous changes of Rue Mauverney 28 will join in and are in full support to implement the nological and scientific advances the world around us. Whereas we CH-1196 Gland decision on this important issue. we now take for granted: the abil- once, without questioning, simply Switzerland In order to strengthen the global zoo and aquarium ity to contain millions of liters of acquired animals from “nature” to Phone: +41 22 999 07 90 community, joint action and the outreach to visitors finely‑treated, crystal ‑clear water to stock our facilities, today we face Fax: +41 22 999 07 91 to help conserve biodiversity, I count on all members house great sharks and vast schools tragic scenarios like witnessing the to support the “Biodiversity is us” project, which is of fish behind towering acrylic last Northern white rhinos on earth Layout and typesetting: [email protected] a membership service containing many adaptable windows; semi-miraculous assisted dwindle to – literally – fewer than a Cover drawing: Kimio Honda (WAZA thanks for his generous donation!) materials – United we are for Conservation! A selec- reproduction techniques and dietary handful. Formerly content to offer Print: Agentura NP, Staré Město, tion of examples of how members have started to formulas that enable animals once our guests a pleasant day out enjoy- use the materials is also provided in this issue of the thought of as “impossible” to thrive ing a selection of the world’s won- Edition: 900 copies | © WAZA 2015 WAZA News. in our care; the ease of communicat- drous biodiversity, today we work to Please join all in and let us act strongly ing with our peers anywhere in the convert more and more of them into This edition of WAZA News is also available on: as a community! world at the touch of a button; or the advocates and champions for the www.waza.org (members’ area) sophisticated and subtle tools we’ve animals represented by those cared Gerald Dick developed to provide information for in our facilities. www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9370240 Printed on FSC paper. Executive Director and interactivity to our visitors. Spanish tur by Joseph Wolf in “Wild oxen, sheep & goats of all lands, living and extinct”, London, R. Ward, 1898. ISSN: 1662-7733 2 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 3 WAZA: 80 Years of History WAZA: 80 Years of History at a Glance at a Glance

The roots of WAZA go in fact back to the late 19th century when zoo directors met in at the occasion of animal auctions. International information exchange and social gatherings were at the very beginning before 1967 1980 1988 more formalised meetings were organised after World War I. Those meetings, then called conferences with a European focus resulted in the formalized establishment of an international association in 1935. • Resolution on the • The World Conservation Strategy • First official IUDZG policy procurement and published by IUCN. on education. trade of Zanzibar red • The first IUCN policy statement colobus monkeys, Galapagos directly related to zoos: ‘Principles 1935 1948 1957 tortoises and Aldabra tortoises. and Recommendations for Keeping 1991 Wild Animals in ’. • First meeting of the • International Union for • Proposal adopted to establish • The first International Studbook • Organisational milestone – IUDZG ‘International Association the Protection of Nature an Admissions Committee 1968 Coordinator designated – decided to accept institutions and of Directors of Zoological Gardens’, (IUPN, now IUCN) founded, for new members. Peter Olney. national and regional associations Basel, Switzerland. with IUDZG as a founding member, • First supplementary payment of as members, Singapore. • The Association’s Constitution Fontainebleau, France. US$ 500 to IUCN’s Species Survival was approved on 1 October. 1958 Commission (SSC). • Kurt Priemel of Frankfurt Zoo 1992 elected as first President • IUDZG wrote a letter of the Association. to the President of 1969 • Name change to IUDZG – World the ‘Popular Zoo Organisation (WZO). Chinese Republic’ • Two IUCN resolutions affecting zoos. asking for measures 1949 to be taken to protect 1993 the giant panda. 1972 • IUDZG joined IUCN as a member. • The World Zoo Conservation • First time an Annual Conference 1981 Strategy published by WZO and 1960 is devoted to one specific subject – IUCN/SSC’s CBSG. 1952 education in zoos – Amsterdam, • Constitution revised, • First support (in the form of the Netherlands. Washington, DC, USA. • Concern for live ‑animal trafficking a resolution) to an international • IUDZG paid US$ 1,000 to assist voiced by members. wildlife project: IUCN’s IUCN/SSC’s Conservation Breeding • ‘What Does Our Union Stand For?’ Special Project. 1974 Specialist Group (CBSG). paper presented by Armand Sunier, • As world conservation issues were Rome, Italy. • Establishment of the International increasing and becoming more 1962 Species Information System (ISIS). complex, IUDZG members resolved to become more active. 1946 1954 • Constitution revised, San Diego, CA, USA. 1975 • Official re ‑establishment • Members unanimously accepted 1983 of the organisation after World a decree calling for the restriction • IUCN resolution recognising the War II, renamed the ‘International on the export and import trade 1963 importance of zoological and • A very conservation -minded IUDZG Union of Directors of Zoological of wild ‑caught birds. botanical gardens in the was emerging, Melbourne, Australia. Gardens’ (IUDZG), Rotterdam, • US$ 5 membership fee initiated. • Resolution refusing to purchase conservation of wild species. 1994 the Netherlands. wild-caught orangutans. • Armand Sunier elected as President. 5 $ 1986 • ISIS Secretariat agreed to house • IUDZG seat in Paris, France. 1977 WZO Secretariat. • US$ 4 membership fee. 1956 1965 • Started granting automatic • International Zoo Educators’ • Letter written by IUDZG to the membership to successors of Association (IZE) formally 4 $ • First logo. • Resolution on the procurement and Chancellor of the Federal Republic retired zoo directors. introduced to WZO members, • Members resolved to help trade of monkey -eating eagles. of Austria to protect Neusiedler See. São Paulo, . 1947 end the illegal trade • Donation of £ 1,000 for an in situ in wild animals. conservation programme. 1987 • IUDZG Constitution approved. • Members 1979 • Members resolved to save species realised the • Battle call for the reorganisation of from extinction. potential 1966 • The largest expenditure to date IUDZG – the goals and operational of zoos to by IUDZG – CHF 10,000 – spent on mode had to change in order to participate in • Official establishment of interna- a symposium on the ‘Use and keep up with a changing world, . tional studbooks at the Zoological Practice of Wild Animal Studbooks’, Bristol, UK. Society of London, UK. Copenhagen, Denmark 4 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 5 WAZA: 80 Years of History at a Glance WAZA: 80 Years of History at a Glance

1995 2000 2005 2009 2013

• Zoo Future 2005 • New name – World Association • The new World Zoo and Aquarium • WAZA signed an MoU with • Bylaws revision and tax exempt published. of Zoos and (WAZA). Conservation Strategy published. the Secretariat of the Convention status granted to WAZA • WZO sought • New logo. • First female President of WAZA – on Biological Diversity (CBD), in Switzerland. cooperation • Constitution Karen Sausman. St. Louis, MO, USA. • CITES CoP 16, Bangkok: with IZE. (now called Bylaws) revised. • Resolution to assist • WAZA signed an MoU with with support from WAZA new • WZO Secretariat • Discussions of WAZA project with the prevention the Secretariat of the Ramsar guidelines for non-air transport opens in Apple Valley, MN, USA. branding began. of the ongoing Convention on , of live wild animals adopted. extinction of Gland, Switzerland. • Start of developing the . • WAZA implemented the Year first World Zoo and Aquarium 1996 • Fifth Zoo Marketing of the Gorilla in support of CMS. Animal Welfare Strategy, Conference, Münster, • A global aquarium strategy 2011 workshop in Gland. • First recipients of the Germany. for conservation and sustainability, • New MoU with IUCN for Award – Turning the Tide, published. • IZE independently hosted by the another 5 years. Ulysses Seal and George Rabb. • First Marketing and Communica- IZE President’s institution. 2006 tions Officer in executive office. • WAZA signed an MoU with IZE • Total revamp of www.waza.org. for further cooperation. 2014 1997 • operational • First WAZA corporate strategy • Seventh Zoo Marketing Conference, on WAZA website. ‘Towards 2020’ Granby, Canada. • Eighth WAZA Marketing • IZE selected to be WZO’s 2001 • ‑focused workshop held. launched, • WAZA signed an MoU with CBD Conference, Bristol, UK. official ‘education arm’. St. Louis, in support of the United Nations • Launch of ‘Biodiversity is us’: • First Committee for Inter -Regional • Establishment of a permanent MO, USA. Decade on Biodiversity (2011–2020), WAZA app, WAZA films and Conservation Cooperation (CIRCC) WAZA Executive Office in Berne, 2007 New York, NY, USA. 6 designs for posters in 5 languages. training grants awarded. Switzerland. • WAZA signed an MoU with the • First joint TAG chairs meeting. • First Zoo Marketing Conference, • First WAZA Executive Director – • WAZA/IZE charter. Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks • WAZA signed MoU with Aalborg, Denmark. Peter Dollinger. • Bylaws revised. and Aquariums (AMMPA). Alliance for Zero Extinction • Third Zoo Marketing Conference, • Resolution to establish • WAZA signed an MoU with the and Wild Welfare. Tenerife, . the Amphibian Ark. Secretariat of the Convention on • WAZA celebrates the 1998 • Resolution to protect gharials. 2010 International Trade in Endangered 250th WAZA‑branded project. • Resolution to improve Species of Wild Fauna and Flora • New name – 2002 standards in zoos. • WAZA Executive Office moved (CITES), Geneva, Switzerland. World Zoo Organisation • WAZA takes responsibility for inter- into the IUCN World Headquarters 2015 (without the IUDZG prefix). • WAZA website went live. national studbook coordination. in Gland, Switzerland. • Start of the WAZA Conservation • Sixth Zoo Marketing Conference, • Bylaws revised. 2012 • 70th WAZA Annual Conference, Committee. Pretoria, South Africa. • WAZA was chosen as Al Ain, UAE. 1999 CBD partner of the International • WAZAs 77th Anniversary, • Revision of corporate strategy: Year of Biodiversity (IYB). publication of the complete history. WAZA 5 Year Strategic Plan. • WZO legally incorporated 2003 2008 • An education manual, Biodiversity is • WAZA is represented on IATA’s • Planned Launch of revised and in Switzerland. Life, was produced jointly with IZE. Live Animals and Perishables updated Conservation Strategy. • Code of Ethics adopted. • Memorandum of Understanding • First joint • First WAZA book, Building a Future Advisory Panel. • Planned Launch of Animal • William Conway delivered (MoU) signed between WAZA and WAZA/IZE for Wildlife: Zoos and Aquariums • Meeting with Prince Charles Welfare Strategy. a momentous keynote speech – IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Conference, Committed to Biodiversity at Highgrove, UK; together with ‘The Changing Role of Zoos in the • Bylaws revised. Adelaide, Conservation, published. Amphibian Ark a frog 21st Century’ – inspiring action in • Adoption of a joint Code of Ethics Australia. • WAZA received a grant of was named the direction of in situ conservation, and Animal Welfare. • Second WAZA US$ 25,000 from the Mohammed in his honour. Pretoria, South Africa. • Fourth Zoo Marketing Conference, Executive bin Zayed Species Conservation • WAZA opens • Second Zoo Marketing Conference, Budapest, Hungary. Director – Gerald Dick. Fund to support five WAZA ‑branded facebook page. Amsterdam, the Netherlands. • Modernised WAZA logo as part conservation projects. • MAVA Foundation of corporate design. • WAZA received a grant of supports ‘Biodiversity 2004 • WAZA and IUCN extended their CHF 50,000 from the MAVA is us’ project with MoU for a further five years, Gland, Foundation to support International CHF 900,000 over • WAZA to host IZE. Switzerland. Year of Biodiversity. 3 years. • Bylaws revised. • WAZA signed MoU with the • MoU signed between WAZA and Secretariat of the Convention IZE, Cologne, Germany. on Migratory Species (CMS), Rome, Italy. • First WAZA campaign launched – the Year of the Frog. 6 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 7 Presidents of WAZA (part one): Memories and Reflections

Lester Fisher Roger Wheater The Kidnapping WAZA President 1984–1986 of the IUDZG President WAZA President 1989–1991

Some highlight recollections: Peter Karsten and I were return- The late Colin Rawlins (IUDZG ing to Calgary from Chateau Lake President 1969) was I believe the • Drs. Klos and Dathe being strong Louise having made preparation first to raise serious concerns about spokesmen for making German for the IUDZG conference later the Unions ability to truly represent one of our official languages. Both in the year (1985). We stopped at the world zoo community. In 1985 represented their historic zoos and a ranch style restaurant for some as First Secretary I wrote at Councils all of the great German zoos. supper and got engaged with the request, a discussion paper that set • Our annual meetings were a source owner. We made arrangements for out some thoughts as to how the of national pride in hosting the a breakfast stop for the confer- organisation might develop to truly conferences. They were more of ence members who would be trav- represent the global zoo commu- a social event and a gathering of elling together by coach. We also nity. This was at a time when issues good friends rather than technical arranged for a special and secret relating to standards of husbandry, in format. encounter. conservation through captive breed- • One highlight was when Dr. Koga On the approach road to the res- ing, environmental education and of Ueno Zoo in Tokyo arranged taurant a group of armed masked non - invasive research within zoologi- for us to visit the Palace and to be men on horseback held up the cal collections were receiving much received by the Emperor. coaches carrying the IUDZG del- attention particularly within IUDZG • I tried to assist Dr. Ted Reed of the egates. They boarded the coach and in a growing number of regional © Roger Wheater National Zoo with a night medical bearing a ‘wanted notice’ that and national zoo associations. These Roger Wheater and Heinz-Georg Klös. emergency in Prague. Because of bore a remarkable resemblance increasingly important activities, my broken Czech, he was entered in to IUDZG President Lester Fisher. although promoted by IUDZG, and Roger Wheater at Opening Reception for Edinburgh Zoo Centenary Exhibition the hospital as a “gardener.” He was seized by the gunmen its actual influence was essentially at Central Library, 2013. • Special conference speakers includ- put on a horse and the group confined to its somewhat restricted © Ivon Bartholomew ed Prince Phillip, Prince Bernhard disappeared into the surrounding membership. Although there was and Princess Anne. bush. Many of the delegates saw some interest in the proposals the • For me to sit down and have a cof- the joke but a number were not majority of members felt that change In 1991 I drafted some major con- fee or beer with Dr. Grzimek and certain. We caught up with Lester was not necessary and that the status stitutional changes to respond to other pioneers in our profession was at the restaurant no worse for his quo should be maintained. the concerns that had been raised very meaningful. experience. I hate to think what and circulated them to members would have happened if we had at- The subject was raised again at subse- prior to our conference in Singapore. tempted such a stunt these days!! quent meetings but it only became of The twenty seven resolutions to be serious concern when IUCN informed debated and hopefully approved, Roger Wheater us that our constitution did not con- were presented individually so that form to their interpretation of an in- any changes that were not agreed Lester Fisher. ternationally representative body and would not prejudice other proposed © Lincoln Park Zoo demoted us to the status of a nation- changes. As President I was able to If these fundamental changes were To the pleasure of the membership al organisation. By happy coincidence present these resolutions for debate agreed there were a number of ena- and many zoological collections I had met the then Secretary General and decision to the meeting. The de- bling changes required to facilitate across the world the stage was now of IUCN in Uganda and was able to tail of all the resolutions are recorded operation of the constitution includ- set to develop the IUDZG to truly persuade him to hold off demoting us in the comprehensive minutes of the ing a change to the name of the reflect its global status. At the con- as we were already considering the Singapore meeting. organisation. clusion of this really historic debate need for constitutional change. At I stated “that the changes to the more or less the same time zoos in The major changes proposed were: The ensuing debate was both exten- Unions constitution had made it a South America were bemoaning the • That currently qualifying organisa- sive and thoughtful and I was delight- much more effective organisation fact that there was no representative tions would continue in membership ed that all the resolutions required to and I congratulate the delegates on body for zoos worldwide. I attended despite any change in CEO. change the constitution and there- coming to this decision today”. the conference where a demand for • That zoos and aquaria known as fore the direction of the organisation a more inclusive body was debated ‘commercial collections’ would be were unanimously agreed bar just and I was able to inform conference eligible for membership, providing one the changing of the name as it that this matter was being actively they met the standards of the cur- failed to obtain the two thirds major- discussed by IUDZG. rent membership ity required by the existing constitu- • That the membership should tion. The view was taken that funda- include representation of Regional mental change had been agreed and and National Associations providing that in time the name itself would be that requirements for their mem- changed as indeed it was at a meet- bers accorded with those of IUDZG ing in Pretoria in 1999. 8 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 9 Presidents of WAZA (part one): Memories and Reflections

Peter Karsten WAZA President 1993

WAZA’s Executive Director Gerald Dick asked me to submit my recol- lection of “my WAZA years”. Without question they hold my most treas- ured memories. The wealth of inspira- tion, mentorship, guidance and above all very special friendships I gained by being part of the world embrac- ing “zoo family” have been rewarding beyond words.

I feel I was on deck during the meta- © archive PK © archive PK morphic years when the International Heinrich Dathe at snack break watched by gorilla “Tuffy”, Calgary 1985. Annual Conference in Wroclaw, Poland, 1986. Union of Directors of Zoological Garden, Union Internationale de Directeurs de Jardins Zoologiques, I had not provided for simultaneous meetings were held in conjunction pond was understandably a tall order Internationaler Verband von Direk- © archive PK translation at that venue and made with the IUDZG meetings. They for Seifert. Uli Seal called me to help toren Zoologischer Gärten (IUDZG) Delegates putting on the traditional Calgary White Hat; left to right: the risky decision to hold it in English were conducted in English only. The translate his reasons and commit- changed to The World Association of Peter Karsten, Siegfried Seifert, Dick van Dam, Calgary Zoo society president only, encouraged by watching most post war generation of zoo directors ment to good data keeping. The three Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). George Kermack, Lester Fisher and Roger Wheater. delegates not using their headphones mastered English well and the very of us sat together in the corner of in English translation, including expensive simultaneous translation one of the conference rooms and Uli Nominated for election by colleagues I also vividly recall a discussion about was told to me by Charlie Schroeder Germans. Presenters had been asked at IUDZG meetings was abandoned slowly delivered what I had to trans- Kloes and Fisher I was invited to the widening the membership to as- () while he was leading to speak clearly and slowly because before 1990. The scientific program late. Knowing Uli the sentences were IUDZG conference in Colorado in 1975 sistant directors and curators in the on a meeting in Rome. He took a of the many languages spoken by del- focussed increasingly on world -wide long and I concentrated to capture it as an “Observer”; better described early eighties. The suggestion came self ‑invited guest and non ‑member, egates and this seemed to work. The species conservation programs and all and then turned around to Seifert as an “Observee” to present myself from our American colleagues who the president of a zoological society idea was met with considerable criti- collaboration, education, marketing, and repeated what he had said very and at least one scientific paper to were managing large operations and by the sleeve and escorted him out of cism. Changing the rules was not my codes of ethics and zoo roles for the slowly in English. Seifert looked a bit the distinguished collegiate of zoo had delegated the management of the meeting room. There was reason place. To rescue the situation I agreed future. perplexed; explained when Uli said: directors for consideration to become their animal collection to curators. for this protectionism to sustain the to do translations consecutively. “now say it in German”. These were a member. Following it I attended There was also the shift to fill execu- professional collegiate. Two “silverbacks” made me pay for it The remarkable drive and enthusiasm milestones in international collabora- the annual conferences in Caracas, tive director positions with business by doing so word for word to make by Dr. Ulysses Seal, then Chair of tion and conservation. Vienna, Leipzig, Warsaw, Pretoria, managers rather than scientists in As conference host in Calgary in 1985 the point. As the result the meeting CBSG, to encourage all world zoologi- Washington, Melbourne, Flevohof, the New World. Some zoo directors it was my duty to provide simulta- extended far beyond its scheduled cal gardens to share their specimen The first edition of the World Zoo Calgary, and Wroclaw. I observed were no longer “typical” zoo direc- neous translations for the scientific time. The best part of this came when data to develop SSPs combined with Conservation Strategy was published the interesting dynamic of leader- tors. Until then the scientific papers and business sessions with costs in 1987 colleague Dathe asked me the advanced technology of ISIS by the IUDZG and CBSG in Septem- ship in the IUDZG. Looking from the were predominantly presented by borne by the host. I well remember to help him translate his thank -you raised concern by central European ber 1993. The IUDZG received the outside in, the troupe had several members, augmented by only a few the boxes of tapes to be transcribed speech at the Bristol conference and directors enabling the Americans to by ‑name “The World Zoo Organiza- “silver backs”. Prominent German col- papers given by local scientist as in- into the proceedings in English and began saying it in English, which control assignment of breeding stock, tion”. The Council decided it was time leagues reminded the membership vited by the conference host. It was a German. The task was enormous. I promptly translated into German. perhaps to their advantage. Putting to establish a central office. It had that Germany was the cradle (mod- tradition for zoo directors to present I was appointed to the IUDZG Council We both realized it, but continued all cards on the table to a central data been roving from zoo to zoo where elled after the German zoo director their own papers. in 1985. Perhaps serving as president with the performance to the end bank had been a hurdle to overcome ever the First or Second Secretary association of the time) to form an of the Canadian Zoo and Aquarium which brought the house down. by the American zoo directors and resided. Nate Flesness of the Species international association in 1946. This The suggestion to extend member- Association (1975) and the American curators as well when AZA proposed Inventory System (ISIS) office was en- was not necessarily echoed by all. ship to others than zoo directors Association of Zoos and Aquariums But evolution is unstoppable in the to make this requirement for institu- gaged in 1994 to provide Secretariat Clearly, an international initiative was brought colleague Dathe to his (1983) may have helped, but I guess fast changing world. tional accreditation. I so well recall Services. in play. I cannot confirm who created feet with the words underscored by being conversant in both languages Colleague Bill Conway’s spirited the IUDZG since all my IUDZG files a pounding fist on the podium: “Das was the drawing card to become The need to bring the pioneers in speech at an AZA Business session The WAZA changed between 1975 to containing a history account stayed ist für uns!” (this is for us!). Second Secretary. In those days all species conservation into the IUDZG when he convinced the members to 1994 from a zoo leader membership at the Calgary Zoo when I retired. of the administrate work was done dialogue became clear with the initia- submit their well guarded data to ISIS. organization without four walls to Certainly the invitations, agendas, Dathe and many of us saw the impor- by the Council members. At the 1985 tives of the IUCN Conservation Breed- Colleague Seifert (Leipzig Zoo) had a world organization in conservation minutes of meetings and proceed- tant benefit to have a forum of true Calgary conference we held the sci- ing Group/ Survival Commission to managed the international studbook and zoo science as a permanent insti- ings were always provided in both colleagues who shouldered the ulti- entific program at a downtown hotel establish Species Survival Programs fort the Siberian tiger which became tution with outstanding staff. languages in those years. mate responsibility for their zoologi- but took the delegates to Lake Louise linked with the European “Bedrohte CBSG’s flagship for the SSP. Surren- cal facility to have the opportunity to in the Banff National Park to enjoy Tierart Erhaltungsprogramme” in dering the decades of studbook infor- exchange their views and challenges the spectacular scenery. The business the early eighties. The annual CBSG mation to ISIS/CBSG across the big among their peers. I recall a story that session was held at the Lake Louise. 10 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 11 Presidents of WAZA (part one): Memories and Reflections

Gunther Nogge Satch Palmer Krantz So it was that I found myself presi- I am pleased that WAZA has now dent of the World Zoo Organization. evolved into a highly professional WAZA President 1994–1995 WAZA President 1996–1997 I was 46 years old and only the fourth organization with many active WZO president from the United members representing zoos and WAZA’s farewell present: A paint- I look back on my WAZA board ser- States in 62 years. And it was no aquariums from around the world. ing in watercolors of a , vice and especially my year as presi- small coincidence that just 6 years I am even more pleased that I might created by my predecessor Peter dent with bitter/sweet memories. before I had served as president of have played some very small role in Karsten reminds me of the two years Bitter because my service happened the American Association of Zoologi- that evolutionary process. My only of WAZA – presidency. Satch Krantz, to coincide with tremendous change cal Parks and Aquariums (now AZA). regret is that I have not been active my successor, had handed it over to and conflict within the organiza- Throughout the 1980s and 1990s the in WAZA of late. My schedule always me at the end of the annual confer- tion and sweet because of the many North American zoo and aquarium seems to get in the way of attending ence at Dublin, Ireland, in 1995. The wonderful new friends I made along community was also undergoing the annual meeting and I miss seeing snow leopard had been chosen as the the way. significant change and as a board old friends and visiting foreign locals. subject, because during the time of member and AZA president I had Perhaps this brief walk down memory my presidency new exhibits for snow It is perhaps important to first un- been heavily involved in that effort. lane will provide the spark that I need leopards (Uncia uncia) and Persian derstand that I became a member of Unlike WAZA, the movement to to dust off my travel clothes. leopards (Panthera pardus saxicolor) WAZA (IUDZG) in 1984. At the time, change the philosophy and direction had been constructed and opened at © archive GN Satch Krantz & Gunther Nogge with the farewell present. some of the historical rules, regula- of the AZA was widely encouraged Cologne Zoo. These were quite large tions and restrictions regarding the and supported by its membership. and naturalistic environments so that a million $ US, and the Zoo of South Cologne, the result of which was an admission of new members were be- A number of my AZA colleagues (and visitors could gain the idea where and Carolina volunteered to take the lead action plan called “Zoo Future 2005” ginning to change. For example, while a few members of WAZA as well) had how these cats live in the wild. The in the reconstruction of the zoo. and which was endorsed by the mem- I was required to complete a rather promoted me for membership on completion of the exhibits enabled us bers of WZO at the 1995 Annual Con- lengthy written application form that the WAZA Council, thinking (perhaps to remove the last conventional . I myself was more concerned about ference in Dublin. The year 2005 has included my philosophical view on hoping) that my AZA experience So, since 1994 Cologne Zoo is a zoo what I saw on the bazaar. The trade in passed already ten years ago, new zoological parks (there were very few would help move things along. without bars. No wonder that I talked furs of includ- action plans since have come up and aquarium members at the time), I was so much at this time about snow leop- ing spotted cats like leopards and gone again, but whenever I am asked not required to present a scientific My participation on the WAZA Coun- ards. However, snow leopards mean snow leopards had revived and was what is the result of all my endeavors, paper as others before me. While a cil as well as my year as president much more to me than a new exhibit flourishing on an even larger scale I point to , where I started minor concession to a changing of the might best be described in human at the zoo. In fact they have been a than before the war. Ironically it were my career at the small but at that guard, this was an important first step, relationship terms. We were like two keystone species for my struggle for the very people who had now come time mighty – Zoo. as over the next several years the young naïve people who met, feel the conservation of nature through- to help Afghanistan, who bought the organization rebranded itself as the instantly in love and quickly married out my whole zoo career. furs as souvenirs and so contributed Afghanistan’s environmental poli- IUDZG – World Zoo Organization, the without really knowing each other all to the further decline of the species. cy-making and regulatory institution bylaws were dramatically changed that well. I won’t say that the mar- My career began in the end of the In the years 2004–2007 I had one of is Afghanistan’s National Environmen- and the rules for membership shifted riage ended badly, but it was not a sixties in Afghanistan, where I worked my Afghan students, Manati, conduct tal Protection Agency (NEPA), and away from individuals and towards good fit for either party. for several years as lecturer of a survey on the fur trade, the results its director general is Prince Mustafa institutions. These changes did not at the University of Kabul of which helped to initiate a ban on Zaher, grandson of the late King always come easy. To be perfectly honest, the blame was and in the same time as advisor to the trade in endangered species and Zaher Shah. I have known him since mostly mine. My personality was not the Kabul – Zoo. At the zoo we had their products. his childhood, and I remember that I assumed the presidency in 1996, a well-suited for the WAZA presidency, Persian leopards, some of which had he sometimes visited the zoo with decade aptly described by colleague especially at that time in the organi- © archive SK been exported to Cologne to lay the My first task as president of the Word his family. Obviously these visits have and former WAZA President Willie zation’s history. I am a very impatient Satch Krantz. basis for the breeding population of Zoo Organization, as WAZA was had a deep and everlasting impres- Labuschagne as “The Turbulent Nine - person who likes to make a quick de- this species in . There was also called in those years, was to intro- sion on him. When I met him in his ties,” in 77 Years: The History and Evo- cision and then move on to the next a snow leopard at that time, which, duce the new World Zoo Conserva- office about forty years later, he told lution of the World Association of Zoos topic. My way of doing things was however, did not live at the zoo, but tion Strategy (WZCS) at a press me: “At Kabul – Zoo I learned to know and Aquariums 1935–2012. In fact, antithetical to many of the older and on the premises of King Zaher Shah. conference at the International Press and to love the fauna of my country, just before my presidential year a more entrenched WAZA members. …I am a very Centre of the European Community which laid the basis for my lifelong highly contentious vote was taken by This is not to say my presidential year Due to the political developments in , . To assist the engagement for the conservation of the membership and as a result the was personally disappointing. Indeed, impatient person in Afghanistan, I could not visit the zoos all over the world in implement- nature and my daily work today.” name International Union of Direc- while at times I was frustrated, I did country for about three decades. ing the Strategy I took care that it tors of Zoological Gardens was finally enjoy the overall experience. I was who likes to make When it finally was possible again was translated into as many languag- So the seed has sprouted. What can dropped. This was no easy feat since particularly pleased to be able to host in 2002 I returned to see how I could es as possible. We established the a zoo man achieve more in his life? the name change signaled a seismic the mid-year meeting of Council at a quick decision and help rebuild the country. I found the first (part ‑time) WZO Secretariat at And when in 2010 the Prince received shift in organizational philosophy. Riverbanks Zoo. I have wonderful zoo almost completely destroyed. the Minnesota Zoo, already the home the Champions of the Earth Award WAZA became an organization of memories of that meeting, with such then move on to the Fortunately, when the media re- of two other organizations, CBSG by the UNEP, because he had laid the zoos and aquariums, not individual WAZA luminaries as Helmut Pechlan- ported how much the animals had and ISIS. Ulysses Seal, the legend- foundation for sustainability in one directors. er, Fred Daman, Gunter Nogge and next topic… suffered during the war, people from ary chairman of CBSG at that time, of the most challenging countries Willie Labuschagne. We actually ac- all over the world were touched and helped me to prepare and conduct on the planet, I felt a little honored complished quite a bit and managed donated a lot of money, about half a Strategic Planning Workshop at myself. to have some fun as well. 12 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 13 Presidents of WAZA (part one): Memories and Reflections

Fred J. Daman Willie Labuschagne WAZA President 1998–1999 WAZA President 1999–2001

Now that I am already 14 years re- It seldom happens that an incoming tired as General Director of the Royal President takes the helm of an organi- Zoological Society of Antwerp and of sation and at the same time as his/her my 18 years activity in the Zoo -World, zoo hosts the Annual General Meeting Willie together with His Majesty, King I can give you a small selection of (AGM). Well it happened to me, rather Goodwill Zwelithinika events that happened during that coincidentally. Shortly after I was ap- Bhekuzulu, the King time and were important to me. pointed director of the National Zoo- © archive WL of the Zulus. logical Gardens of South Africa (NZG) I joined the RZSA (Antwerp Zoo) as in Pretoria in 1985 I submitted a letter on the Wednesday afternoon when visited. The spread of golf courses and Director in 1983, after a broad mana- to Roger Wheater, the then-President I returned home and received a frantic beautifully landscaped gardens, in the gerial experience in industry. It was a of what was known as the Interna- phone call from our director of Hu- middle of the barren landscape, made new world for me, and Antwerp Zoo © archive FD tional Union of Directors of Zoological man Resources, Johann Lambrechts. a lasting impression on me. However, gave me a heritage. The Zoo exists Nagoya conference participants. Gardens (IUDZG), offering the NZG as Johann was beyond himself and after the 2000 AGM will be remembered, since 1843 and in the last decennium host of the 1999 conference. This was a few attempts, trying to decipher most importantly, for the paradigm of the 19th century, yearly gatherings to coincide with the NZG’s centenary what his concern was about, I under- shift that we made in reinventing our for zoo -directors of Europe and USA My involvement in the board of I keep a very good remembrance on celebrations. I vividly recall Roger’s re- stood that a man had jumped into the organisation. We crossed the Rubicon were successfully organized in order IUDZG dates from the annual meet- the 18 conferences I participated in, sponse when he stated that although enclosure and was being mauled at this AGM and a new organisation to exchange or sell captive bred off- ing in Wroclaw, in 1986. There I took especially the ones in 1993, 1998 and the IUDZG is not a politically-minded by the young male lion. My wife, Irene was born. The discussions, arguments spring of wild animals. Exchange of over the new function as Liaison 1999. The first one took place at “my organisation, some members may and I stayed on the property and with- and lobbying processes were not with- professional experience was also part Officer, with the specific task to pro- home zoo” Antwerp. Our Zoo existed abstain from attending the confer- in minutes I arrived on the scene with out their problems but this is history of the program. mote a closer collaboration between for 150 years at that time. Festivities, ence in South Africa due to political my.38 six shooter revolver. Only then and has already been documented. the IUDZG, the regional zoo-or- a first global open air exhibition of pressures. For reasons I still do not did I realise that I had no bullets with The zoo community now had a new After the two World Wars, a bad pe- ganisations as AZA, ECAZA (later bronze life sized animal sculptures know, I promised Roger that South me and called back home. In less than organisation and the foundations riod for the European zoos, Antwerp EAZA), etc., and also with CBSG, from all over Europe an many other Africa in 1999 (15 years later) would a few minutes my son, Rudolph, ar- were laid on which WAZA, to this day, Zoo was co -founder of IUDZG in ISIS, and IZE. The establishment of a related activities. It was a success be a different place and it was. The rived with such an arsenal of ammuni- still flourishes. 1946 and of IUCN in 1949 (member world‑wide “conservation breeding in terms of number of participants, unprecedented change from apart- tion I could have declared a small war. no. NG.20). Thanks to directors Dick system” was far from realized, bud but also because we could demon- heid to true democracy is now part of The lion enclosure is a one-hectare My final year as president saw the Van Dam (Blijdorp, Rotterdam), Bart minds had to be prepared, carefully strate our permanent involvement history and so Pretoria’s hosting of open air camp. To this day I still do not conference being hosted down under Lensink (Artis, Amsterdam), and and constantly. It was basically a in art and music, and also present the 1999 conference took place with a know what use a.38 revolver would in Australia. If my memory serves George Rabb (Chicago) and to my “lobby activity” to achieve finally what our second, new zoo Animal Park record attendance. have been in a case like this, except to me correctly, the 2001 Perth AGM well experienced curators, I could pick WAZA now is. At that time many zoo Plankendael (). A beautiful consider suicide, which is something was the first time our organisation up in short time the actual situation directors were not ready for it, or the realization was the publishing of the Our guest of honour at the ice breaker I contemplated at that time. We had met in Australia. Needless to say of zoos in Europe and the USA. The political situation in their respective World Zoo Conservation Strategy in was His Majesty, King Goodwill been organising this AGM for four Brian Easton and the staff of Perth first annual conference that I at- countries did not allow it. Dick Van September 1993. Dr. Leobert de Boer ZwelithinikaBhekuzulu, the King of solid years and I was about to become Zoo work feverishly to prepare for an tended, was in Melbourne (1983), and Dam, George Rabb and I , formulated was the leading writer, supported the Zulus. Delegates were forewarned president. Why was this happening to outstanding conference. And then, several longlasting friendships with the idea that our animals shout have by an editorial team and an advisory regarding the protocol for when His me? The police arrived on the scene, barely one month before the opening colleagues started then. no commercial value, but a conserva- board. Roger Wheater and Fred Da- Majesty and his entourage arrived. All ready to take action but I refused that day, the twin towers tragedy in New tion one. A way of thinking that was man presented this Strategy to the went well during the ceremony. In fact, the lion be shot. Instead I called on York plunged the entire world into In June 1985, Dick Van Dam, Bart Len- hard to accept to state or city owned International Press in Brussels. so well that the following day His Maj- one of our veterinarians to immedi- panic. As could be expected many sink and Fred Daman took together zoos. Despite all that the collabora- esty requested to join the delegates ately return to the zoo and to immobi- delegates cancelled their attendance the initiative for a meeting in Ant- tion between zoos improved and in The conferences in Nagoya (1998) for lunch. This created a major head- lise the lion. It all ended well for both and the WAZA Council was faced with werp Zoo, where the EEP was born 1987 ECAZA (later EAZA) was formed, and in Pretoria (1999) happened ache as we had to apply crisis man- the man and the animal and, as can the dilemma of deciding whether with co -founders Gunther Nogge (Co- with the initial task to defend the Eu- during my presidency of the IUDZG – agement inaddressing the required be expected, the incident was widely to continue with or cancel with the logne), Bent Jorgensen (Copenhagen), ropean Zoo interests and to prevent World Zoo Organisation. A lot of up- protocol. I am a longstanding friend covered by the international press. AGM. We persevered and the Perth I. Koivisto (Helsinki), J. M. Lernoud a possible regulation to close all zoos coming organizational changes were and admirer of the King but I was ex- Many of the delegates who arrived a meeting continued, reflecting the (Mulhouse) and Christian Schmidt and aquaria in the European Commu- for the first time discussed there. tremely concerned that he may enjoy few days later told me: “Willie, there self-styled character of our mem- (Zürich). Later several German, Brit- nity. I became Chairman of ECAZA‑ Both conferences were extremely our ceremonies so much that he may was no need to go to that extent in bers, in that WAZA will continue to ish and other European zoos jointed ‑EAZA during the first six years and well organized and touristically first decide to attend the entire conference. promoting the AGM. We would have serve its constituency regardless. We this conservation breeding system. was then also involved in the IUDZG class. That was also the case in Palm I was relieved when I realised that he registered regardless”. Some friends! have completed our mandate and board as Chairman of the National Desert (2000), my last conference, as had no intention of participating in the the scene was set. WAZA has since and Regional Liaison Committee Past President, where the Zoo Organ- rest of the programme. The Pretoria conference was followed developed into a truly world-class in- (1990). I remained in that function in isation got its new name WAZA. by the one hosted in Palm Desert, in ternational organisation backed up by the IUDZG ‑WZ0 board until I became But this protocol conundrum was a the United States, by my good friend, outstanding leadership and a devoted President (1998–1999). minor issue compared to an incident Karen Sausmann, director of the Liv- membership. It was a great honour that occurred a few days before the ing Desert Zoo. Palm Desert is one of to have served this organisation for a start of the AGM. It was about 17h30 the most fascinating places I have ever brief moment in time. 14 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 15

Stephen Sautner – WCS 96 Elephants Creates Global Movement to Stop Poaching

In 2013, a group of 60 wildlife con- Most disturbingly, the decline was To amplify the CGI commitment, the servationists representing more than due to poaching fueled by a skyrock- Bronx Zoo‑based Wildlife Conserva- a dozen organizations published a eting global demand for ivory. This tion Society launched 96 Elephants, study documenting an extremely dis- was especially true in China where a named for the number of elephants turbing trend: Africa was hemorrhag- burgeoning middle class was increas- gunned down each day at the hands ing its forest elephants at a rate never ingly seeking ivory as a luxury good. of poachers. The campaign’s goals before seen. The study confirmed a At the same time, thriving ivory are to seek national and state ivory 62 percent decline over a ten-year markets also existed in places like bans across the globe and in the U.S. period (later, that figure was revised Thailand, Vietnam, and the U.S. With In addition, the campaign supports upward to 65 percent). At the same this skyrocketing value of ivory, came field conservation projects to save time scientists working in other parts an influx of a new type of poacher: elephants in Africa and works on edu- of Africa reported equally bad news highly organized criminal gangs – cating the public about the wildlife for savanna elephants in places like some of them with direct ties to trafficking crisis. Tanzania, Chad, and Mozambique. terror organizations – mowing down The results showed that as many as elephants in unprecedented numbers. Since the campaign was launched, 35,000 elephants were being killed 96 Elephants has grown to 175 part- each year throughout Africa. To put Since that grim news, a global ner organizations ranging from these numbers in perspective: in 1980, movement launched beginning human rights groups, such as the an estimated 1.2 million elephants with the Clinton Global Initiative’s Enough Project, to corporate citizens roamed Africa: today, there are less (CGI) three-year Commitment to including the Hard Rock Café. But the than 420,000. Save Africa’s Elephants announced bedrock of 96 Elephants supporters in September of 2013. That effort are from the zoo community with © Pittsburgh zoo has brought together conservation 126 zoos as partner organizations. Baby elephant NGO’s, African and Asian nations, at Pittsburgh zoo. and global citizens to stop the killing, stop the trafficking, and stop the © WCS demand of elephant ivory.

The decision to enlist zoos in the fight With the added clout from the zoos, But much more needs to happen. Ele- to save Africa’s elephants was an easy the campaign has achieved signifi- phants continue to be slaughtered at one, said John Calvelli, WCS Execu- cant success. More than 769,276 mes- unprecedented rates. The campaign tive Vice president for Public Affairs sages have been sent to decision is looking to expand to zoos beyond and Director of the 96 Elephants makers on behalf of 96 Elephants. the U.S. and throughout the world. Campaign. “We strongly believe that Collectively, these elephant advo- the zoo community and the millions cates have supported a federal ban “We will not win the war against ivory of zoo-goers around the world are in the U.S. announced by President poaching unless it is a global move- a tremendous resource for conser- Barack Obama last February, and ment,” said Calvelli. “We know the vation action,” said Calvelli. “The state bans passed by the governor’s task ahead is daunting, but if the zoo‑going public cares deeply about of New Jersey and New York. Mean- world community comes together © Indianapolis Zoo © Julie Larsen Maher/WCS saving wildlife and wild places. They while a series of highly publicized on behalf of elephants, we can save 96 Elephants partner The Indianapolis Zoo forming a 96-foot chain WCS’s President and CEO Dr. Cristián Samper along are excited and motivated about do- ivory “crushes” have taken place in these magnificent animals from of elephant messages made by local children. with Hillary and Chelsea Clinton at the CGI meeting in September, 2013 announcing the Clinton Global ing their part to protect species that the U.S., China, Hong Kong, Belgium, extinction.” Initiative’s three‑year “Commitment to Save need our help. 96 Elephants gives France, The Philippines, Vietnam, https://www.96elephants.org Africa’s Elephants.” them the tools to become an active Kenya, Chad, and Gabon. www.interpol.int/Crime‑areas/Environmental‑crime/Projects/Project‑Wisdom partner in helping save elephants.” 16 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 17

Neil Maddison – Bristol Zoological Society, UK © Bristol Zoological Society

Bushmeat – A Communicator’s be that species such as gorillas or chimpanzees are threatened with ex- tinction and hence require protection, Nightmare it is difficult to imagine a situation where there is allowed sustainable hunting of gorillas and chimpanzees The Convention on Biological Diver- for the provision of wild -caught sity Bushmeat Liaison Group defines meat – to the vast majority of cul- the bushmeat trade – or wild‑caught tures, that would not be acceptable. meat trade – as the harvesting of Perhaps unknowingly, or possibly wild animals hunted in tropical and from the need to maximise publicity, subtropical countries for food and for much of the campaigning about “the non -food purposes, including for me- bushmeat trade” has focussed on dicinal use. But in common parlance, the hunting of great apes, with the the term “bushmeat” has been used unfortunate association that “hunting regularly over the last two decades as all bushmeat is wrong”. “shorthand” to mean several different things, many with highly negative, Conservation strategies emotional connotations, and mainly relating to the hunting of animals in Over the last two decades, conser- the tropics, most commonly central vationists have typically focussed Africa. In this article, I will focus on on three things when it comes to one country – – where addressing the bushmeat trade: the term “bushmeat” is commonly supporting more law enforcement; referred to as being “an issue” by the providing alternatives to the illegal media, and argue why the term is hunting of threatened species; and confusing and has resulted in “switch outreach programmes with commu- off” by both politicians and interna- nities to give attention to the issue tional donors. In practice, there are of what will happen if uncontrolled three related but separate issues: © Bristol Zoological Society hunting continues.

Hunting of species already Hunting of wild animals As the demand for meat has in- The conflict between “sustainable identified as threatened at rates that will result creased due to immigration and off ‑take” and “animals of special im- with extinction in local and population growth, so has the portance” continues to divide species therefore loss of food number of hunters and the size conservationists, those interested in The vast majority of species (both security to already of the area they hunt in. Whereas individual animal welfare, and people threatened and non-threatened) disadvantaged people previously animals could be taken in As a consequence, rural forest areas ently to that of eating other animals of different cultural backgrounds. It hunted for meat in west and central sufficient quantity from the local area of Cameroon are being hunted out. such as , porcupines, bush is unlikely that these conflicts will Africa have now been classified in the The rural poor living in the forests of to meet local needs, this is often no Research in one area (the north -east pigs, cane rats or even snakes. Eating be resolved in the near future. In the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. west and central Africa have limited longer the case. Current research has region around the Dja great apes is especially abhorrent to meantime, there is broad agreement In Cameroon, species deemed to be access to animal protein. Livelihoods shown that hunters have to travel Reserve) indicates that hunting levels many nationalities. For the majority that in order to conserve species under threat of extinction on the Red are such that the vast majority of much further than previously to find are such that local extinctions are al- of people living in west and central threatened with extinction, the List are also classified as Class A ani- people are involved in subsistence animals, and that parks, reserves and most certain within the next 10 years. Africa, however, eating – in- illegal commercial bushmeat trade, mals and are fully protected by law. farming through slash ‑and‑burn protected areas are regarded by local At this stage, the rural poor people cluding apes – is the norm. This is not with its huge impact on animal The list includes some of Cameroon’s agriculture, with little household people as the best places to hunt. It is who live there will be faced with a surprising when we consider that the populations, must be addressed as best known and globally renowned income available to purchase goods, not just local demand that has in- lack of animal protein at affordable forests of central Africa do not con- quickly as possible. In addition, in species such as gorillas, chimpan- including food such as animal protein. creased the pressure on the animals. rates, and consequently face even tain the range or number of animal order to ensure that already disad- zees and forest elephants. It is worth The paradigm of living is one there- The pull from the urban markets for greater suffering. species we find in other , vantaged people do not suffer even noting that whilst gorilla and chim- fore of crop growing for personal use wild-caught meat means that trad- due to the majority of nutrients being greater burdens, changes in living panzee meat is regarded as a highly combined with opportunistic hunt- ing in bushmeat is now a potentially That all animal species “locked up” in the hard wood trees. to more sustainable practices must prized item by some people in Cam- ing for meat. Traditionally, snares, lucrative source of cash. This demand do not have the same value “Eat what you can find” is the domi- be supported through well‑defined eroon (both for taste and “medicinal” catapults and bow and arrows have has been exploited by commercial to different cultures nant philosophy. and practical development strate- properties), elephant meat tends to been used to hunt, but more recently traders in central Cameroon, who of- gies. It is clear that in some parts of be a by‑product of the slaughter of homemade shotguns have become ten pay local people to hunt (as they Perhaps the greatest area of confu- We are therefore faced with a situa- west and central Africa, the rate of the animals for their ivory. the norm for killing animals. To the are the best and know where the ani- sion on the issue of bushmeat – lead- tion where – unless one is a vegetar- hunting is such that unless alterna- local people, there has never been the mals are), then collect and transport ing to “disengagement” in the subject ian or vegan – the killing of some tives are introduced, supported and distinction between protected and the meat to urban centres such as by all but the most committed animal species for food is acceptable become the norm (e.g. a shift from non ‑protected species, only between Bertoua, Abong ‑Mbang, Yaoundé or conservationists – is that of cultural and the killing of others – especially hunting to domesticated ), those possible to kill with crude weap- even further afield, where the meat value. For the majority of people liv- primates – is not. The question of there will simply be not enough ani- onry, and those more difficult to kill. will fetch a good price. ing in western countries, the concept “sustainability” does not come into mals of any type to meet the protein of eating primates is regarded differ- it. Even though the argument may needs of the local people. 18 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 19 Book Reviews Announcements

Markus Gusset – Gerald Dick – WAZA Executive Office WAZA Executive Office Hyatt Antognini Amin – WAZA Executive Office History of Zoos and Enhancing Animal Website: WAZA Introduces Aquariums: From Royal Welfare Through the Gifts to Biodiversity Constructive Use of the NEW Interactive Members’ Area Conservation Animal Welfare Act Edited by Gordon McGregor Reid By Jim Gesualdi During the summer of 2014 (July) date and share their information with and Geoffrey Moore Maurice Bassett, Anna Maria, WAZA introduced a new system and a private group, or with the entire North of England Zoological FL, USA, 2014, 170pp design for the WAZA members’ area. membership. Recently, the “group Society, Chester, 2014 | 158 pp ISBN 978-1600250873 The new members’ area not only page” option was successfully used ISBN 978-1-871271-05-8 features an easy to navigate system, by some members to collaborate on (paperback) Excellence Beyond Compliance: but also allows for more user interac- the WAZA draft Animal Welfare Strat- Enhancing Animal Welfare Through tion. Some benefits of the new WAZA egy. E‑invoices are now available as a In May 2011, Chester Zoo hosted an the Constructive Use of the Animal members’ area include: collaborative new feature of the WAZA Members’ international symposium entitled Welfare Act is a positive, empowering editing; update your own profile; area. This enhancement allows you to From Royal Gifts to Biodiversity Con- and inspirational guidebook designed share photos with other members view and search for copies of invoices servation: History and Development to assist zoological professionals and • Preparing for inspections, with tips and/or with WAZA; directly interact for each year, beginning in 2015. To of , Zoos and Aquariums. zoological organizations entrusted to on creating inspection checklists, with members’ online (messaging); access your invoice and check the This symposium was co -sponsored care for animals regulated under the conducting entrance briefings and create group forums to discuss and status of your institution’s account by a partnership of Chester Zoo (The Animal Welfare Act in the USA. ensuring key staff availability during share information internally. Through balance, simply logon to the WAZA North of England Zoological Society), The book makes an invaluable con- the inspection use of the new members’ area, WAZA Members’ Area and click on “Man- The Society for the History of Natural tribution to our understanding of the James F. Gesualdi has dedicated him- • Interacting with inspectors during members will be able to share pro- age Profile”. We will be e ‑mailing our History, The Linnean Society of Lon- history and development of menag- self to his work on legal, regulatory, and after inspections, including jects, carry out discussions, or even members a quick survey in order to don, The Bartlett Society and WAZA. eries, zoos, aquariums, museums and and strategic matters regarding ani- advice on how to respectfully ad- ask a question to all WAZA member assess which new features are most More than 50 delegates from over botanical gardens, of their living and mal welfare and . dress differences of opinion with an zoos/aquariums/associations/organi- important; therefore we would ap- 10 countries participated. preserved collections and of their He works extensively with the U.S. inspector zations and member companies from preciate any and all feedback from all worthwhile present -day activities in Animal Welfare Act and champions • Utilizing self ‑certified compliance around the globe. New interactive WAZA members. The publication History of Zoos conservation, education and science. ways to improve its administration reporting to maintain compliance tools will allow our members to up- and Aquariums: From Royal Gifts to and enforcement, as well as engag- and document improvements be- Biodiversity Conservation represents The book also contains a chapter ing in consensus building on related tween inspections and accreditation the outcome of proceedings of this on the history and development policy issues. reviews symposium. The book was edited of WAZA. This chapter essentially • Designing Animal Welfare Enhance- by Gordon McGregor Reid (Director is a summary of the WAZA history The book discusses the Act and its ment Plans and Zoo, Aquarium and Emeritus of Chester Zoo) and Geof- book published three years ago to “minimum standards”; establishes Park Improvement Plans frey Moore. It explains the origins celebrate WAZA’s 77th anniversary: a philosophy of continuous improve- • Addressing serious incidents and of zoos and aquariums in antiquity Penn, L., Gusset, M. & Dick, G. (2012) ment and constructive collaboration; emergencies to ensure the safety of and how they evolved into organisa- 77 Years: The History and Evolution outlines the organizational frame- animals and people tions for public leisure, education of the World Association of Zoos and work and staff critical for fostering • Handling investigations, complaints, and science, becoming committed to Aquariums 1935–2012. Gland: WAZA compliance and enhancing animal and other challenges in a manner biodiversity conservation and sustain- Executive Office. welfare; It recommends various that promotes exceptional animal able futures. measures that accrediting asso- welfare and organizational excel- ciations, the regulatory agency and lence shnh.org.uk/news/history‑zoos‑aquariums‑now‑available other stakeholders, including the • Developing an organizational cul- public, media, and critics, can engage ture where everyone shares respon- in to help enhance animal welfare. sibility for – and can make a differ- This invaluable resource also contains ence in – the lives of animals. links to relevant forms, select agency guidance materials and additional Although tailored for the implemen- helpful information. tation of the US Animal Welfare Act, this book provides also general guid - Some of the key items addressed for ance on how to handle and improve The mission of the Zoos & Aquariums ZACC conferences bring together zoological organizations include: animal welfare in zoological institu- Committing to Conservation confer- field researchers and zoo colleagues tions, Wendy Bulger of San Diego zoo ence is to encourage and promote every two years enabling them to • Creating an outstanding leadership Global says: “It is a unique resource, increased involvement of zoos and network, forge relationships and team, including a dedicated Animal full of advice and useful tools gleaned aquariums in support of field con- work together to mutually benefit Welfare Officer from decades of experience, to help servation – locally, nationally and and protect wildlife species and wild those of us dedicated to caring for internationally. places. animals do our very best each day.” www.denverzoo.org/zacc | www.zaccconference.com

excellencebeyondcompliance.com/book © WAZA 20 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 21 Miklós Persányi – Budapest Zoo New Micro World: Insectaria with giant Arthropods, aquariums showing tiny aquatic creatures living Innovation in Zoo‑History: Exhibit (copepods, brine , paramecium). Magic Mountain in Budapest News

Budapest Zoo is a living history book of zoo architecture. Its largest heritage building, the 34‑metre high concrete Great Rock was completed in 1912. The original intention of creating a zoological museum inside the structure had failed for 100 years. An EU co -funded EUR 4.2 million pro- ject provided the Zoo with a unique © Budapest zoo all -weather, all -season permanent attraction under the crust of the © Budapest zoo rock. It is the Magic Mountain, a huge interactive life science centre with biodiversity and evolution in focus.

In May 2012 perhaps the largest zoo education facility was inaugurated. The huge attraction is a rich mix of living animal exhibits, aquariums, terrariums, dioramas, interactive exhibits, museum, natural history cabinet, cinema, playground and classroom elements, film and video installations, computerised educa- © Budapest zoo tion games, animal models, skele- © Budapest zoo tons, stuffed animals spread out over 4 floors. The great variety of indoor © Zoltan Bagosi Magic mountain. exhibitions, wide selection of mod- © Budapest zoo ern technical equipment as well as the continuous flow of interpretation The Magic Mountain has become programs from 3 and 4D cinemas a major draw for visitors to the zoo, to face to face demonstrations of particularly for families with children educators with live animals make the and schools. The number of pro- Magic Mountain a unique experiment grams increased significantly and the in zoo . number of education and cultural events and contribute to the exten- 16 exhibition halls vary from the sion of the season. In the 30 months little to the huge. In the Hall of the since the Magic Mountain opened, Giants a model of a 20 metre life-size over 1,6 million people have visited it. sperm-whale and a sunken ship with The exhibition forms a most impor- hazardous waste barrels fit next to Galactic Cathedral: The models of the tant part of education programmes one another, whilst in the Darwin The Magic Mountain helps people to planets in the Solar system, constellations, and regularly attracts visits from 2 Room only a kindergarten group can meet the past, present and future of and 3D films, a 100 m screen, animal shows, pre-school and school parties. Some concerts, community events for 300 people. crouch. life. Visitors can put their hands into figures: 1100 formal education events, the mouth of a predator dinosaur, look The Hall Of Giants: Displays on polluting 224,000 audience on animal shows into the nest of the mole rats, travel to overfishing and overhunting the oceans and 877,000 on scheduled demonstra- the ice or the myocene ages, compare as well as 1:10 models of the 10 largest whale tions, 22.615 screening of 3D or pano- species with an interactive and fossil fish to today’s living sharks, ex- a 20 metre long life-size statue of rama films for 753,000 visitors. perience how the bats can hear, how a sperm-whale. The School of Life: The inner and outer The “Neanderthal Valley” arranged in one of the support structures (skeletons, crusts) of former Hagenbeck ‑type dry moat exhibits for . the owls can see, can visit the camp of animals and plants and its counterparts Four model statues of absolutely lifelike Neanderthal ancient humans or investigate myster- in human culture. people. Visitors can try to make their own stone tools. ies of the microscopic world. 22 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 23 Recent Updates Tiago Pinto‑Pereira – WAZA Executive Office Biodiversity is Us – Implementation is Progressing

Adapting the tools in Korean and Czech.

Decade on Biodiversity designs have Table 1: Promotion of the Biodiversity is Us tools by WAZA in 2014 © Hluboká Zoo, Czech Republic been well received as we have had Conference Location Location Country very positive feedback from our WAZA Marketing Conference Bristol United Kingdom Large poster community, members and other and children outreach. Asociación Latinoamericana de Parques Lima Peru stakeholders regarding the designs Zoológicos y Acuarios (ALPZA) of the tools. Throughout this year the Association Francaise des Parques Parc Animalier France Biodiversity is Us project has been Zoologiques (AFdPZ) de St Croix promoted in numerous locations Brown Bag Lunch IUCN building Gland Switzerland

(See Table) and settings to ensure the 22nd International Zoo Educators Hong Kong Hong Kong (China) South Korea Zoo, © Everland Conference (IZE) awareness‑raising and visibility of Big banner. the tools WAZA has created for the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Orlando United States of America Biodiversity is Us project. (AZA) Canada Accredited Zoos and Aquariums Moncton Canada (CAZA-AZAC) We would like to take this opportu- European Association of Zoos and Budapest Hungary nity to showcase some examples of Aquaria (EAZA) implementation which will hopefully Moskow Zoo 150th Anniversary Moscow Russia show those institutions that have not Convention on Biological Diversity, Pyeongchang S. Korea © Zoo, Australia Perth yet done so what is possible. Exam- 12th Conference of the Parties ples range from basic implementa- (CBD COP12) tion to more creative uses of the tools. SouthEast Asian Zoo Association Taipei Taiwan (SEAZA) WAZA Annual Conference New Delhi I hope you agree that these images illustrate the potential impact that Wildlife Reserve Singapore (WRS) Singapore Singapore © Frankfurt zoo, Germany WAZA members can have when we IUCN World Parks Congress Sydney Australia speak as one voice as a community San Francisco Zoo and Aquarium San Francisco United States of America with common values and messages: of the Bay Biodiversity is Us.

For any questions or for submitting further pictures of implementation, please contact me at [email protected]

…the potential © Frankfurt zoo, Germany © Zoo Outreach, India Posters integrated with other institutional content. impact that WAZA Showing the films to school children. members can have when we speak © AMACZOOA Creating their own posters © Smithsonian, USA as one voice… © Wellington Zoo, New Zealand based on the Path of posters. same design with a local species. Sticker on an exhibit inviting people to find out more information on the species through the application. © uShaka SeaWorld, South Africa 24 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 25

Markus Gusset – WAZA Executive Office 250th WAZA‑branded Getting Conservation Project the WAZA

In the years 2000/2001, WAZA organ- During the United Nations “2010 ised three in situ conservation work- International Year of Biodiversity”, shops searching for a strategy on how WAZA was an official partner of the brand WAZA should become more involved Convention on Biological Diversity. in in situ conservation. One recom- On that occasion, we compiled and mendation was that WAZA (with the assessed conservation projects sup- goal of becoming an internationally ported by the world zoo and aquari- implies: recognised conservation organisa- um community, focusing on WAZA- tion) should brand suitable conserva- branded projects. The results of this tion projects. The idea behind the survey, published in the 2010 issue • Branded projects remain WAZA branding is to create a win‑win of the International Zoo Yearbook, fully independent and WAZA situation: the brand promotes the show that the evaluated projects are in no way interferes with the project, and the brand allows WAZA helping to improve the conservation implementation of the project. to use the project to convey what status of high‑profile threatened zoos and aquariums do for conserva- species and in biodiversity‑ • Branded projects may use tion globally. rich regions of the world. Further- the “Partner of WAZA” label more, the results show that thanks in their publications, on their to the investment made by zoos website, etc. and aquariums, particularly financial, these projects reached overall impact • A short article about the branded scores of a magnitude suggestive of project is published in the WAZA an appreciable contribution to global News, with the possibility for © Gerald Dick biodiversity conservation. a longer article in the WAZA Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Magazine.

• Branded projects receive the With this evidence available that Given the reassuring results of our In March 2011, we celebrated the Development of WAZA-branded conservation projects from 2003 to 2014 WAZA News and the WAZA the WAZA‑branded projects indeed evaluation and success in fundraising, 200th WAZA‑branded project. We are Magazine. contribute to global biodiversity con- we encourage projects to be branded very pleased to announce that in servation, with increasing financial by WAZA. Projects (or programmes) October 2014, the WAZA brand was • Branded projects may give support demonstrably leading to are branded on application, with awarded to the 250th project – the a presentation at the WAZA a significantly higher conservation three sets of endorsement criteria, Virginia and Maryland Sea Turtle Annual Conference. impact, we embarked on a fundrais- focusing on biological, operational, Research and Conservation Initiative. ing initiative. The aim was to support and institutional and partnership This project is implemented by the • A project description those WAZA‑branded projects in issues. Applications have to meet Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science is published on the WAZA urgent need of support where small the criteria set forth by the WAZA Center and is portrayed on the follow- website. WAZA provides a link amounts of money can make a big Executive Office. Applications may ing page. to the branded project’s website difference to the projects’ contribu- be submitted by either the project and expects the project to do tion to biodiversity conservation. In receiving support from member(s) of the same reciprocally. 2010, we raised US$ 25,000 from the WAZA or a WAZA member provid- Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conser- ing support to the project. Since • WAZA looks into the vation Fund for five species catego- inception of the scheme in 2003, the possibility of financially rised as Critically Endangered on the number of WAZA‑branded projects supporting branded projects IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. has steadily increased to 252 at the through online donations and end of 2014. Further information can fundraising initiatives. be found on the WAZA website under “Conservation”, which features an • Branded projects are overview and global map of branded expected to annually submit projects, a Project of the Month and a short progress report testimonials about the value of the (incl. evaluation) to WAZA. branding for various projects. 26 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 27

Mark Swingle – Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center, Virginia Beach, USA Craig Pugh – Tampa’s Lowry Park Zoo, USA Virginia and Maryland Sea Turtle Manatee Rescue, Rehabilitation, Research and Conservation Release and Research WAZA Project 14007 WAZA WAZA Project 14008 WAZA Initiative

Since 1991, Tampa’s Lowry Park Zoo which coordinates rescuers, trans- than 50% of actual cost. The Zoo has treated more than 350 endan- porters and verifiers from multiple funds the balance from its operating gered Florida manatees (Trichechus organisations to deliver the animals budget and fundraising. Since 1991, This project of Virginia Aquarium manatus latirostris) at its Manatee to one of the critical care facilities. the Zoo has spent an estimated US$ was initiated in 2011 and involves a Hospital; nearly 200 have been reha- They provide 24/7 emergency and 10.5 million on the manatee pro- multi -faceted study to update the bilitated and reintroduced to the wild rehabilitative treatment, developing gramme. The financial impact on the state of knowledge for sea turtles in to date. The Zoo’s primary manatee over the years some of the most suc- Zoo is increasing with the growing Chesapeake Bay and ocean waters off conservation goals are to ensure their cessful treatment methods. Recover- number and scale of so ‑called unusu- Virginia, USA. The project includes: rescue, rehabilitation and release, ing animals remain with the Zoo or a al mortality events, such as 2013’s red 1) collecting data from aerial surveys and to conduct and support scientific secondary facility for up to a year and tide event when the Zoo received and satellite tags to estimate abun- research to support manatee conser- a half until they can be released in ar- all 16 toxicity rescues because of its dance; 2) using the results of satellite vation. The Zoo educates almost one eas where other manatees will guide treatment success. tagging and geospatial analysis to million visitors annually about the them to warm water. Animals ready better understand use; 3) Florida manatee, the importance of for release are examined by FWC The Zoo’s manatee programme studying stranded animals to identify marine habitat conservation and the and micro ‑chipped. When feasible is one of its areas of conservation the causes of mortalities; 4) investi- need for personal action to ensure because of the high cost, manatees excellence. Its veterinary and mana- gating sea turtle diets to document the survival of this sentinel species for targeted for ongoing monitoring are tee care staff, with over 80 years of their primary food resources and and human health. trained to wear a radio collar at the combined experience, are recognised nutritional status; and 5) development Applying satellite tag to loggerhead sea turtle. base of their tail. Animals that do not worldwide. The Zoo’s senior veteri- of a sea turtle conservation plan for © Virginia Aquarium The State of Florida’s Manatee Reha- survive are recovered by FWC, which narian, Dr Ray Ball, is currently con- the Virginia and Maryland study area. bilitation Program began in the early performs a necropsy. sulting with the French government The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta of mortality per kilometre of coast- studied through detailed analysis of 1990s when an alarming number of on a United Nations Environmental caretta) is the primary focus and is the line for any state in the USA. During gut contents from stranded animals. reports of sick, injured and orphaned The Zoo’s annual cost for manatee Programme operation to reintroduce most abundant species in the study this project, stranded animals are Stable isotope analysis of various animals led to the designation of the care is approximately US$ 1 million – manatees to the National Park of area. Other sea turtle species are thoroughly examined both externally tissue samples is also being used to Zoo, SeaWorld Orlando and Miami about one quarter of its entire animal Guadeloupe. In 2012, the Associa- also present, including Kemp’s ridley and via necropsy to determine cause attempt to better understand both Seaquarium by the US Fish and Wild- care budget for more than 1,000 tion of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) (Lepidochelys kempii), green (Chelonia of death and to collect samples for short - and long-term sea turtle prey life Service as manatee critical care animals. Reimbursement by the State awarded the Zoo its North American mydas), leatherback (Dermochelys the study of life history, diet and selection and nutritional status. facilities. The Zoo’s Manatee Hospital of Florida Oceanaria Reimbursement Conservation Award for leadership in coriacea) and the rarely seen hawksbill nutritional status. was the first facility designed specifi- Assistance Program averages less manatee conservation. (Eretmochelys imbricata). This project will end in 2015 with cally for manatee treatment. It fea- Preliminary results for the study area completion of an updated sea turtle tures three 16,000 gallon medical Florida manatee being released. Sea turtle abundance and distribu- suggest that each year there are tens conservation plan for Virginia and pools, two underwater viewing pools © Tampa’s Lowry Park Zoo tion is being studied utilising aerial of thousands of sea turtles in ocean Maryland. The project is funded (75,000 gallons and 125,000 gallons) line-transect surveys and satellite waters up to 40 miles offshore of through a NOAA Section 6 Spe- and an observation area from which tagging. Sea turtles are acquired Virginia and thousands of sea turtles cies Recovery Grant awarded to the Zoo visitors can watch manatee from the wild through direct capture in Chesapeake Bay. Animals satellite Commonwealth of Virginia’s Depart- care procedures. The Hospital treats methods or stranding and rehabilita- tagged in Virginia inhabit Chesa- ment of Game and Inland Fisheries. animals primarily from Florida’s West tion, and then released with satellite peake Bay and mid-Atlantic ocean The research is being conducted by Coast, but receives patients from the tags. Data from satellite tagging waters in summer and move south to Virginia Aquarium with assistance entire state. The Zoo annually treats allows for determination of aver- North Carolina and as far as Florida from Maryland’s Department of about half of all manatees rescued age time spent on the surface, an in winter. Some turtles move to Natural Resources and additional col- in Florida. important component for estimating offshore ocean waters in winter and laborators including: Dr Kate Mans- seasonal sea turtle abundance when one animal was successfully tracked field, University of Central Florida; The Florida manatee is threatened paired with aerial survey data. The for more than 500 days. Sea turtle Dr Erin Seney; Dr Craig Harms, North by human activity (boat strikes and results of satellite tagging, including strandings in the study area remain Carolina State University; Dr Jason crab trap/fishing line entanglement), both location and dive data, can also high and more than 900 animals have Schaffler, Old Dominion University; environmental events (cold stress) be used through geospatial analy- been examined through the end of Riverhead Foundation for Marine and degradation of natural habitat sis to investigate habitat use in the 2014. Necropsy examinations reveal Research and Preservation; Research (nutrient pollution leading to algae study area. Stranded animals provide that some of the leading causes of Unit for Wildlife Population Assess- blooms and resulting toxicity). Sick, another valuable source for scientific mortalities involve human interac- ment, University of St. Andrews. injured or orphaned manatees are study. Virginia averages more than tions, such as fishing gear entangle- most often identified by the public 220 stranded sea turtles per year, ments, boat strikes and marine debris who notify the Florida Fish and Wild- representing one of the highest levels . Sea turtle diets are being life Conservation Commission (FWC), 28 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 29

Tara Stoinski – Zoo Atlanta, USA Dana Canari – Romanian Zoos and Aquaria Federation (RZAF) Karisoke Research Center – Progress in Romanian Zoos The Gorilla Fund WAZA Project 14009 WAZA Enrichment workshop in Timisoara zoo in 2011. Romanian zoos have more than © Madalin Serban 30 years of history being built in the beginning of the 80’s, surviving a lot Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei of financial difficulties in the 90’s and beringei) are found in two isolated starting the long process of becom- populations – the Virunga population ing modern zoos at the beginning of in the Democratic Republic of the 2003. In that year, the Romanian Gov- Congo, Rwanda and Uganda (480 in- ernment signed the Zoo Law which dividuals) and the Bwindi population is the implementation of EU Zoo in Uganda (400 individuals). Moun- Directive. 2007 was the year when tain gorillas represent the only known Romania became an EU member and ape subspecies in the world that is in- that was also the year when the old creasing in number, with the Virunga Romanian Zoos and Aquaria Federa- population doubling from 250 to 480 tion (RZAF) was reorganized starting individuals in the last 30 years. Since with new goals, one of them being 1967, the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund to become EAZA Associate Member. International’s Karisoke Research This goal was achieved in 2012 with Center has supported the national the help of BIAZA, RZAF mentor parks service of Rwanda by provid- of EAZA. ing daily protection for a significant portion of Rwanda’s mountain gorilla More than 70 field RZAF is a nonprofit organization unit- staff provide direct population. protection to roughly ing twenty two zoos out of the thirty half of Rwanda’s six zoos established in the country. Currently, the Fossey Fund’s activities mountain gorillas. All RZAF members are public insti- protect roughly half (120 individuals) tutions owned by local and district of the Rwandan gorilla population, Councils. The mission of the Federa- with more than 70 field staff in the tion is promoting good zoo practice, forest 365 days a year. Their activities education and conservation within include daily monitoring and protec- the member zoos. © Else Poulsen tion of each of these 120 gorillas, Brown bear (Ursus arctos) including verifying the presence/ RZAF represents the Romanian zoo with olfactory sack, Advancing Bear Care absence of all individuals in the group, community within EAZA and assures Workshop‑October 2014. gathering data for our long-term da- dialog between zoos and the Roma- tabase on gorilla behaviour, demog- nian Government. It also promotes © Else Poulsen raphy and ranging patterns, recording improvements in animal welfare by Sewing olfactory sacks for enrichment, relevant information for various part- organizing workshops and specialist Brasov zoo. ners to enhance gorilla conservation meetings, developing projects and by (e.g. illegal human activities, health Mountain gorillas are the only subspecies of ape known to be increasing. financially supporting training of zoo status of the gorillas) and collecting © The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (both photos) staff. biological samples for physiological and genetic studies. The Fossey Fund Some of the latest projects include For these kinds of projects RZAF is also has anti -poaching teams that In addition to its gorilla protection with the University of Rwanda to pro- organizing the 2014 Advancing Bear collaborating with organizations like …the Romanian work closely with the national park and monitoring activities, the Fos- vide over 150 undergraduate students Care Workshop, one regional meet- EAZA, Bear Care Group, Shape of staff to patrol the larger forest. These sey Fund also monitors the overall per year the opportunity to take field ing with zoos from Eastern Europe Enrichment and BIAZA. There are still zoo community teams record all evidence of illegal biodiversity of the region, including courses at Karisoke to learn about and an EAZA Academy Enrichment many things to be changed but the activities, which feeds into the park’s amphibians, golden monkeys, birds, conservation and research Workshop in March 2015. Also we Romanian zoo community is deter- is determined management system, and assist in large and small mammals, and plant techniques. Finally, Fossey Fund staff are developing a network of experts mined to move forward. removing approximately 1,500 snares species that are consumed by gorillas. members support community pro- to create a conservation strategy to move forward… from the forest each year. A recent Fossey Fund staff members provide jects, such as assisting with capacity plan for the European mink (Mustela The Federation team is young, moti- analysis revealed that it is this level of conservation outreach to the local building at health clinics, facilitating lutreola). vated and eager to move forward and extreme protection that is primarily human population, reaching ap- hygiene and sanitation education is constantly working for improving responsible for the increases in gorilla proximately 6,000 elementary and efforts, and building infrastructure at the standards in the zoos. population size. secondary students each year, as well local health clinics and schools. as having targeted programmes for adults. The Fossey Fund collaborates 30 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 31

Markus Gusset – WAZA Executive Office WAZA WAZA Membership New Directors as of 31st December 2014 Call For Papers Executive • Clemens Becker was appointed Update on Associations 23 interim director at Zoo Karlsruhe, Office Institutions 286 Germany International Affiliates 15 • Juan Arturo Rivera was appointed The conference will take place at the icon- Contacts Corporates 16 director at Chapultepec zoo, Mexico Studbooks ic Sheikh Zayed Desert Centre Life and Honorary members 111 situated in the new, stunning expansion There are currently 132 active inter- project of Al Ain Zoo. Surrounded by dra- • Executive Director: Future WAZA national studbooks (ISBs), including matic natural habitat displays, the Centre [email protected] 163 species or sub‑species (nine ISBs takes forward the conservation vision of New WAZA Members Conference cover more than one taxon). the late Sheikh Zayed, founder of the UAE • Executive Assistant/Office The following events regarding ISBs and Al Ain Zoo, celebrating the desert Manager: Michèle Hauert • Pittsburgh Zoo | USA | Venues have occurred since 1 October 2014: environment at the very heart of the UAE [email protected] as institutional membe life and culture. This conservation story • Chiba Zoo | Japan | • 2015: Al Ain, and immersive learning experience, is told • Communication Executive: as institutional membe United Arab Emirates ISBs archived in a fully integrated way, using archaeol- [email protected] • Dubai Aquarium | UAE | 11–15 Oct 2015 ogy, history, geology and the natural as institutional membe • None. sciences to give a powerful insight into • Conservation/International • 2016: Africam Safari, Puebla, the past, present and future of arid lands Studbooks: Mexico 9–13 Oct 2016 ISBs established that culminates in the dramatic 270 seat [email protected] Feature Theatre, the venue for the 70th • 2017: Barcelona, Spain • None. WAZA Annual Conference. • Decade on 15–19 Oct 2017 Biodiversity Project: th Transfer of ISBs to new 70 WAZA For registration and accommodation [email protected] • 2018: Bangkok, Thailand keepers booking please visit the WAZA website. 21–25 Oct 2018 Annual Conference Registration is open as of 15 March 2015 • On 13 October 2014, CPM approved and the early bird fee is available until • 2019: Buenos Aires, Argentina the transfer of the Arabian oryx (Oryx and Technical 15 July. (date to be confirmed) leucoryx) ISB to Michelle Hatwood The beginning and very roots of international cooperation amongst zoos: the famous animal auctions in Antwerp, Belgium. The auctions took place twice a year from 1854 to 1913. The illus- (Audubon Nature Institute, USA). Congress 2015 The general theme of the conference: tration shows animal sale in Antwerp zoo, published in Paris in “l’Illustration” in September 1893. Transfer of ISBs to new will take place Zoos and Aquariums making institutions a difference in Conservation in Al Ain, and Animal welfare – • None. 80 Years of Zoo and Aquarium United Arab Leadership Pending issues Emirates, Call for Papers • As of 31 December 2014, no issues Contributions are especially sought are pending. 11–15 October 2015 for the following more overarching and strategic topics: • Excellence and innovation in zoo © Gerald Dick WAZA animal welfare, conservation and Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), Al Bustan Wildlife Center. zoo management • Animal Welfare and Conservation Synergies, you can’t have One without the Other • Raising the Conservation Commitment at your Institution • Best Practices for Integrating Conservation Activities into all your Operations • How can Conservation drive your Business?

Deadline for submission: 20 May 2014 (please use the provided form on the WAZA homepage, website, www.waza.org). 32 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 Recent Updates | Membership 33

New institutional member New institutional member Chiba Zoological Park Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo Japan UAE

• Sponsors: • Sponsors: Toshimitsu Doi Ghanim Mubarak Al Hajeri (Ueno Zoological GardensTokyo) (Al Ain Zoo, Abu Dhabi, UAE) and and Yutaka Fukuda Mohammad Ali Reza Khan (Tama Zoological Park Tokyo) (Dubai Zoo, UAE) • Founded: 1985 • Founded: 2008 • Area: 33.9 ha • Area: 3 340 sq meters • Collection • Collection Mammals: Mammals: 5 species and 32 specimens 62 species and 568 specimens Birds: 6 species and 52 specimens Birds: : 9 species and 21 specimens 72 species and 301 specimens Amphibians: 4 species Reptiles: and 35 specimens 6 species and 32 specimens Fishes: 133 species Amphibians: © Chiba zoo and 24175 specimens 1 species and 2 specimens • Invertebrates: 83 species Fishes: © Chiba zoo and 972 specimens 1 species and 1 specimens • Staff: 80 permanent, 38 temporary • Staff: 43 permanent, 10 temporary • Visitors: 1.3 mio. paying © DAUZ • Visitors: 338 217 paying 280 988 free • Owned by: EMAAR Retail LLC, • Owned by: Chiba City, profit organisation operated by municipality, • Director: Maitha Al Dossari non for profit • Member of: Arabian Zoo • Director: Osamu Ishida and Aquarium Association (AZAA) • Member of: JAZA, ISIS • Address: • Address: Ground & Level 2, 280 Minamoto‑cho, Wakaba‑ku, The Dubai Mall, Dubai, UAE Chiba 264‑0037, JAPAN

Dubai Aquarium and Underwater Zoo is an integral part of The Dubai Mall, the largest shopping mall in the world. Consisting of two phases, the © DAUZ 10 million litre Dubai Aquarium and the Underwater Zoo, it showcases Chiba Zoological Park is designed The rest of the seven zones are the which will be the Plain Zone, the For- 25 000 aquatic animals represent- for family recreation where every- Monkey Zone, the Children’s Zoo, the est Zone, the Zone and the ing more than 220 species including one enjoys learning naturally about Ancestors of Domestic Animals Zone, Zone for Children. Each zone will be the largest collection of Sand Tiger Education at Dubai Aquarium & Un- This first of its kind regional initiative living creatures, the importance of the Small Animals Zone, the Steppe more spacious than before, and more Shark. Millions of visitors freely view derwater Zoo includes a wide range is aimed to enhance awareness of biodiversity and wildlife conserva- Zone and the Avian & Aquatic Zone. focus will be drawn to create exhibit the aquarium through the world’s of programs including schools, public marine animals and its habitats while tion. Chiba Zoo was opened in 1985 They are all very unique and have that imitate animals’ natural habitat, largest acrylic viewing panel. The and community education. rising conservation awareness. and is divided into seven zones. The their own character in displaying ani- and educational interpretive that Underwater Zoo holds 36 individual key facility, the Animal Science Hall, mals. Chiba Zoological Park has also advocate biodiversity conservation to aquatic displays and takes visitors on An important part of our vision at combines a multipurpose lecture launched a new master plan named visitors in the coming 20 years. This a journey through three ecological Dubai Aquarium & Underwater Zoo hall (205 seats) for educational “Re‑start Conception”. In this project, master plan will be completed in 2035 zones: Rainforest, Rocky Shore and was the development of The Ocean programmes with animal exhibit. Chiba Zoo will refine and redesign the which will also be the 50th anniversary Living Ocean. It offers an interactive School Education Programme for existing seven zones into four zones, of Chiba Zoological Park. approach to educating visitors on the both public and private schools ecology and sustainability of marine throughout the United Arab Emir- life. ates that covers a wide range of age www.city.chiba.jp/zoo groups and topics of study. www.thedubaiaquarium.com 34 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 35

New institutional member Membership Application – Nominated as institutional member Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium Virginia Zoological Park USA USA

• Sponsors: • Sponsors: Mark Reed (Sedgwick County Zoo) Lynn B. Clements and (Virginia Aquarium & Marine Steve Taylor Science Center, USA) (Cleveland Metro Parks Zoo) and • Founded: 1898 Phil Frost • Area: 31 ha (77 acres) (BREC’s Baton Rouge Zoo, USA) • Collection • Founded: 1901 Mammals: 59 species • Area: 22.25 ha and 1 263 specimens • Collection Birds: 17 species and 66 specimens Mammals: 38 species Reptiles: 42 species and 128 specimens and 100 specimens Birds: 36 species and 104 specimens Amphibians: 5 species Reptiles: 56 species and 15 specimens and 166 specimens Fishes: 528 species Amphibians: 12 species and 7 564 specimens and 25 specimens Invertebrates: 241 species Invertebrates: 14 species and 6 988 specimens and 50 specimens • Staff: 150 permanent, 3 temporary • Staff: 70 permanent, 24 temporary • Visitors: 1 786 021 paying Polar bear exhibit at Water’s Edge. • Visitors: 493 000 paying • Owned by: Private Non ‑Profit © Paul A. Selvaggio • Owned by: Municipality & Zoological Corporation, governed by society, non ‑profit 30%; profit 70% a Board of Directors • Director: Greg Bockheim • Director: Barbara Baker • Member of: AZA; AAZK, VAM, AMA • Member of: AZA, ISIS, AAZV, • Address: AAZK, AAZH, etc. 3500 Granby ST, • Address: Norfolk, Virginia 23504 USA One Wild Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA

The Virginia Zoo was established in 1901 and spans 55 beautifully land - scaped acres adjacent to Lafayette Park. One mile of the Lafayette River shoreline borders the Zoo which is located just 2 miles from downtown Norfolk. The Zoos mission can be cap- tured in the three words; Education, The Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium, Conservation, and Recreation. Zoo one of only six zoos in the U.S. with “residents” include more than 400 ani- VAZoo Staff at front entrance. both a zoo and major aquarium, con- mals representing 115 different spe- © VAZoo tinues to be a leader in sharing and New 2014 Savanna Exhibit Upgrade. cies. Fourteen wildlife conservation protecting the wonders of wildlife, © Paul A. Selvaggio programs are supported by the Zoo’s habitat and nature. The Zoo has conservation fund and the Zoo sees grown into one of Pittsburgh’s pre- conservation worldwide, and is a runs the International Conservation nearly 500,000 visitors annually. The mier institutions, is the most visited showcase in Pittsburgh’s forward Center, a 742 acre facility dedicated Virginia Zoological Park was accred- cultural attraction in the region, with thinking spirit and philosophy, deeply to the breeding of African elephants ited in 1974 and adheres to the high over 1 million visitors and 400 000 stu- endowed by the city’s culture and tra- and other endangered species. standards set by the Association of dents in peak years, supports wildlife dition of philanthropy. The Zoo also Zoos & Aquariums (AZA).

www.pittsburghzoo.org www.virginiazoo.org 36 WAZA 1/15 WAZA 1/15 III Obituary Free in 5 Languages Prof. Ernst M. Lang – in Memoriam 16 October 1913 – 21 October 2014

The zoo’s former Director Ernst M. Lang died on 21 October at the age of 101. Basel Zoo is mourning a unique character who presided over the zoo as its Director for a quarter of a century (1953–1978) and substan- tially shaped its development.

Ernst M. Lang retained close ties to the zoo throughout his life. Even into old age, he came to the zoo as often as possible from his home nearby and Download regularly attended the monthly ‘press appetizer’, which had been initiated the App during his tenure. Ernst M. Lang had a particular connection with his foster child, female gorilla Goma, who grew up within his family in the late 1950s. Their reunions at the zoo were always joyful, and it meant a lot to Ernst M. Lang to be able to experience Goma’s 55th birthday celebrations in Septem- ber. He was not able to attend in per- son for health reasons, but followed the birthday with interest in the media. A fun and educational Prof. Ernst M. Lang was a veterinarian free App in Binningen until 1942, after which he took up the same role at Basel ©Zoo Basel packed full of useful Zoo. He became Director in 1953 information as the successor of Prof. Dr. Heini with links to social Hediger. Lang had an exceptional flair Ernst M. Lang ushered in a time of During his time as director, Ernst media for global impact. for publicity and managed to cement great success in breeding at Basel M. Lang regularly published articles awareness of the zoo among Basel’s Zoo. Rather than displaying indi- in the „Zolli -Bulletin“, which he residents and far beyond the city’s vidual animals, his aim was to create had founded in 1958, together with borders. The 25 years Ernst M. Lang breeding groups and bring suitable Dr. Hans Ehinger. Today, his articles spent as Director saw the opening of mates to Basel. On 1 November 1952, provide us an insight into an impor- numerous forward-looking enclosures he made zoo history by bringing tant area of zoo . Test new and the expansion of the zoo site. one-year -old elephant Ruaha to Basel. Discover knowledge in In 1956, the third carnivore house He had taken Ruaha and four other Breeding exotic animals in captivity 400 different biodiversity opened, in 1959, the rhino and pygmy young elephants to Basel Zoo from was long considered an unattainable animal species hippo house was finished, and in 1969, Africa by boat and train. In 1956, he goal. Ernst Lang harnessed advances games the great apes and in 1970, the mon- turned the international attention in veterinary medicine and animal keys moved into their new building. In to Basel zoo again with the arrival of nutrition and was able to witness the 1972, the was inaugurated, ‘Rudra’, the first Indian to first births of species such as Indian Discover how and a record of visitors was registered be born in a zoo. Goma’s birth in 1959 , flamingos, spectacled Be inspired with Zoos and at the zoo, and the children’s zoo (in- was legendary – the first gorilla born bears, bongos, Somali wild asses and a new action Aquariums augurated in 1977) still stands the test in a European zoo. Goma was raised at Basel Zoo. everyday are conserving of time. During his tenure, director by Ernst M. Lang and his first wife, biodiversity Lang benefitted from Kurt Brägger’s and still lives in the monkey house commitment, who had redesigned among her own species as an elderly the zoo to become an animal col- lady. At that time, there was hardly lection with international vibrancy. any newspaper, radio or television facebook.com/BioDiversityIsUs This was due in part to the ingenious station that did not report about the twitter.com/BioDivUs layout of the paths, which has been gorilla baby in Basel. giving the park a large appearance. WAZA Executive Office IUCN Conservation Centre Rue Mauverney 28 CH-1196 Gland Switzerland www.waza.org

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