Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi
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KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI, GHANA THE EXTENT OF INVOLVEMENT OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE AMANSIE WEST DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY OF PWDs OF THE MANSO ATWERE ZONE BY JOSEPH STANLEY MWINI A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MSc. DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION STUDIES. NOVEMBER, 2014 DECLARATION I declare that, this thesis has been the result of my own field research and has neither been submitted, nor being submitted concurrently, for any other degree. Joseph Stanley Mwini ……………………… ……………………….. (20127228) Signature Date Candidate Dr .Anthony K.Edusei ……………………. ……………………….. Supervisor Signature Date Dr. Anthony K. Edusei …………………….. …………………… Head of Department Signature Date ii DEDICATION This study is dedicated to my wife, Gina who has always sat by me and given the needed support for me to be able to bring pieces together and also to all my brothers and sisters who supported me responsibly throughout the course of my study. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In diverse ways, many people have helped in making it possible for me to write this research work.I am particularly grateful to Dr. Anthony K. Edusei, my supervisor, for his valuable comments, suggestions and advice. I am also grateful to Dr. and Mrs. Hooko and Beatrice Mwini for their encouragement and financial support. My thanks also go to my siblings who have inspired me throughout my life and given me the needed support. Again, my thanks go to the Ashanti regional branch of the Ghana Federation of the Disabled and the local people from Manso Atwere, Manso Nkwanta, Kwaakyeabo, Asaaman, Brofoyeduro and Yawkrom, who assisted me during the identification process of persons with disability. My thanks go to individual PWDs and stakeholders who patiently answered the questionnaires. I would also like to acknowledge the contribution of my course mates and friends towards the successful completion of the work, including Mr. David N. Botwey of Samuel Wellington Botwey (SWEB) Foundation whose compassion ignited my interest in PWDs. iv ABSTRACT Persons with disabilities (PWDs) despite being disproportionate users of support services in health, social care and education settings, continue to face significant barriers and challenges to participate in decision making and programmes in the community. The current study, therefore, seeks to investigate the extent of PWDs participation in community development in the Amansie West District. The study predominantly adopted a descriptive field survey to collect principally primary data from PWDs, Chiefs and other opinion leaders in the Amansie West District. These 100 respondents were sampled through a multistage sampling procedure. The selection methods involved both simple random and non-probabilistic purposive sampling. From the study, only a limited number of PWDs are involved in development initiatives in the Manso Atwere zone of the Amansie West District. The low level of involvement could probably be attributed to the absence of mechanism for including PWDs in decision making. The level of PWDs participation in the community development activities in the district is challenged by their low level of education, health, unemployment and social exclusion. The predominant form of participation by the PWDs in the communities is in the form of group. The nature of PWDs involvement in community development is largely managerial participation. The male gender dominates in all aspects of PWDs participation in community development in the studied district. The major factors found to influence PWDs involvement in development activities in the district were personal health or impairment, level of literacy or education, economic well-being or livelihood and socio-cultural factors. On this basis, the current study recommends to community members and stakeholders the need to increase PWDs participation in community development, provide mechanism for PWDs inclusion in decision making, and gender equality in PWDs involvement. v TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ x CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Justification for the Study ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research Question ................................................................................................................. 7 1.5 General Objectives ................................................................................................................ 7 1.6 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................................ 7 1.7 Scope of the Study................................................................................................................. 8 1.8 Organization of the Study ..................................................................................................... 8 1.9.0 PROFILE OF THE AMANSIE WEST DISTRICT .............................................................. 8 1.9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.9.2 Location and Size ............................................................................................................. 12 1.9.3. Relief and Drainage ..................................................................................................... 12 1.9.4 Vegetation and Climate ................................................................................................ 13 1.9.5 Soils and Agricultural Land Use .................................................................................. 15 1.9.6. Demographic Characteristics and the Built Environment ............................................... 16 1.10.0. Human Resource Development and Basic Social Services .......................................... 19 1.10.1. Education and Literacy .............................................................................................. 19 1.10.2 Health Care ................................................................................................................. 21 1.10.3 General Health Situation ............................................................................................ 22 1.10.4 Water and Sanitation .................................................................................................. 23 1.10.5 Electricity.................................................................................................................... 25 vi 1.10.6 Transportation and Communication Services ............................................................. 25 1.10.7 Economic Activities ....................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 30 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 30 2.1 Participation ........................................................................................................................ 30 2.1.1 Review of Theories of Participation ............................................................................. 35 2.1.2 Dimensions of Participation ......................................................................................... 37 2.1.3 Levels of People's Participation .................................................................................... 39 2.2 Community Participation .................................................................................................... 41 2.2.1 Barriers to Community Participation ............................................................................ 43 2.3 The International Classification of Function (ICF) ............................................................. 44 2.3.1 The International Classification of Function (ICF) .....................................................