DOCSLIB.ORG

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Faculty of Renewable Natural Reso

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Faculty of Renewable Natural Reso KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE FACULTY OF RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF SILVICULTURE AND FOREST MANAGEMENT THE PERCETIONS OF LIKELY SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI LTD’S (AGA) MINE CLOSURE ON THE OBUASI MUNICIPALITY Angyobore, Samuel November, 2016 i THE PERCETIONS OF LIKELY SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ANGLOGOLD ASHANTI LTD’S (AGA) MINE CLOSURE ON THE OBUASI MUNICIPALITY Thesis submitted to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Natural Resources and Environmental Governance. Angyobore, Samuel. BA. Geography and Rural Development November, 2016 ii DECLARATION I declare that this project was personally written by me under supervision. It has not been copied from any one. I undertook the entire study herein submitted and therefore assume responsibility for any error found in it. Angyobore, Samuel (PG9077813) .................................. …........................ (Student name and Index Number) Signature Date Aminu Dramani ............................... ............................ Supervisor Signature Date Dr. Emmanuel Acheampong ………………… …………………… Head of Department Signature Date iii ABSTRACT Mining has a long and important history in Ghana, and gold in particular has played a key role in the country’s development. Mining and minerals has been a major source of economic growth and especially in towns and communities directly affected by mining operations. The Obuasi Municipality is rich with gold resources which have been mined commercially since 1897. In 2014, AGA Ltd restructured and downsized the Obuasi Mines to 39% of the original concession area of 475km2 and it resulted in more than 3500 workers being laid off. In this study, Case Study and Triangulation approach were adopted to investigate community perceptions of the likely socio-economic impacts in the eventual closure of the AGA Ltd mining operations in the Obuasi Municipality. Using questionnaires, data was elicited from 105 respondents in 11 communities while qualitative data was obtained through In- depth Interviews, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants from 6 purposively selected communities in the Obuasi Municipality. The study results revealed that 90% of the respondents perceived adverse impacts of mine closure on the Municipality and in particularly, 88% agreed that the closure of the mine would worsen the poverty situation in mining communities. The findings of the study revealed lack of diversification of the local economy of the Obuasi Municipality due to over dependency on mining. The study therefore concluded that there has not been deliberate policy interventions in providing alternative economic opportunities that could sustain the Municipality in the event of mine closure. This study recommended that timely measures are designed to provide sustainable and alternative economic opportunities through diversification of the local economy of Obuasi. Additionally, Integrated Mine Closure Planning should be adopted and implemented through stakeholder engagement as a mitigation strategy towards solving problems associated with mine closures in Ghana. iv DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents- My mother and late father (Mr. and Mrs. Angyobore) and all supportive family members especially my wife and my three children and all friends who gave me their support throughout the period that this project was being undertaken. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x Table 4.1: Purposively Selected Communities ………………………….50 ............... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi List of Maps ...................................................................................................................... xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................xiii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY .......................................................................... 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................................ 4 1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY ......................................................................... 6 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 7 1.5 THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ..................................................................... 8 2.0 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................ 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 9 2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................ 9 2.2 MINE CLOSURES ................................................................................................... 14 2.3 MINE LIFE CYCLE ................................................................................................ 19 2.4 MINING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITIES ........ 21 2.5 AGA LTD SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH ........................................................ 24 2.6 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) AND SOCIAL LICENSE TO OPERATE (SLO) ..................................................................................................... 25 2.7 INTEGRATED MINE CLOSURE PLANNING ................................................... 27 2.8 MINE CLOSURES EXPERIENCE IN SOME REGIONS .................................. 29 2.8.1 MINE CLOSURE IN CORNWELL - UNITED KINGDOM ............................ 29 2.8.2 MINE CLOSURE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA-ASIA ........................................ 30 vi 2.8.3 MINE CLOSURE IN SPAIN ................................................................................ 31 2.8.4 MINE CLOSURE IN CANADA ........................................................................... 32 2.9 TEMPORARAY CLOSURES ................................................................................. 32 2.10 AGA’s MINE CLOSURE APPROACH ............................................................... 33 2.11 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ..................................................................... 34 2.12 AGA LTD STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENTS ................................................ 36 2.13 IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ECONOMY OF GHANA .............................. 38 2.14 THE MERGER OF ANGLOGOLD AND ASHANTI GOLDFIELD COMPANY (AGC) ......................................................................................................... 41 3.0 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................. 42 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 42 3.1THE STUDY’S SCOPE ............................................................................................. 42 3.2 PROFILE OF STUDY AREA: OBUASI MUNICIPAL ....................................... 42 3.3 THE LOCATION AND SIZE OF THE OBUASI MUNICIPAL ......................... 43 3.4 POPULATION .......................................................................................................... 47 3.5 AGRICULTURE ...................................................................................................... 47 3.6 MINING SECTOR ................................................................................................... 48 3.7 SERVICE AND COMMERCE ............................................................................... 49 3.8 THE RESEARCH DESIGN..................................................................................... 49 3.9 SOURCES OF DATA ............................................................................................... 51 3.10 SAMPLING DESIGN ............................................................................................. 53 3.11 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION /COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS ...... 55 3.12 DATA ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 56 3.13 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ........................................................................ 57 4.0 CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................... 59 STATEMENT OF RESULTS ........................................................................................ 59 4.1 ETHNICITY OF RESPONDENTS ......................................................................... 59 4.2 ACCOMMODATION AND HOUSING
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Epidemiological Profile of Malaria and Its Control in Ghana
    An Epidemiological Profile of Malaria and its Control in Ghana Report prepared by National Malaria Control Programme, Accra, Ghana & University of Health & Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana & AngloGold Ashanti Malaria Control Program, Obuasi, Ghana & World Health Organization, Country Programme, Accra, Ghana & The INFORM Project Department of Public Health Research Kenya Medical Research Institute - Wellcome Trust Progamme Nairobi, Kenya Version 1.0 November 2013 Acknowledgments The authors are indebted to the following individuals from the MPHD, KEMRI-Oxford programme: Ngiang-Bakwin Kandala, Caroline Kabaria, Viola Otieno, Damaris Kinyoki, Jonesmus Mutua and Stella Kasura; we are also grateful to the help provided by Philomena Efua Nyarko, Abena Asamoabea, Osei-Akoto and Anthony Amuzu of the Ghana Statistical Service for help providing parasitological data on the MICS4 survey; Catherine Linard for assistance on modelling human population settlement; and Muriel Bastien, Marie Sarah Villemin Partow, Reynald Erard and Christian Pethas-Magilad of the WHO archives in Geneva. We acknowledge in particular all those who have generously provided unpublished data, helped locate information or the geo-coordinates of data necessary to complete the analysis of malaria risk across Ghana: Collins Ahorlu, Benjamin Abuaku, Felicia Amo-Sakyi, Frank Amoyaw, Irene Ayi, Fred Binka, David van Bodegom, Michael Cappello, Daniel Chandramohan, Amanua Chinbua, Benjamin Crookston, Ina Danquah, Stephan Ehrhardt, Johnny Gyapong, Maragret Gyapong, Franca Hartgers, Debbie Humphries, Juergen May, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Kwadwo Koram, Margaret Kweku, Frank Mockenhaupt, Philip Ricks, Sylvester Segbaya, Harry Tagbor and Mitchell Weiss. The authors also acknowledge the support and encouragement provided by the RBM Partnership, Shamwill Issah and Alistair Robb of the UK government's Department for International Development (DFID), Claude Emile Rwagacondo of the West African RBM sub- regional network and Thomas Teuscher of RBM, Geneva.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Gazette
    GHANA GAZETTE Published by Authority CONTENTS PAGE Facility with Long Term Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 1236 Facility with Provisional Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 201 Page | 1 HEALTH FACILITIES WITH LONG TERM LICENCE AS AT 12/01/2021 (ACCORDING TO THE HEALTH INSTITUTIONS AND FACILITIES ACT 829, 2011) TYPE OF PRACTITIONER DATE OF DATE NO NAME OF FACILITY TYPE OF FACILITY LICENCE REGION TOWN DISTRICT IN-CHARGE ISSUE EXPIRY DR. THOMAS PRIMUS 1 A1 HOSPITAL PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI KUMASI KUMASI METROPOLITAN KPADENOU 19 June 2019 18 June 2022 PROF. JOSEPH WOAHEN 2 ACADEMY CLINIC LIMITED CLINIC LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE MAMPONG KUMASI METROPOLITAN ACHEAMPONG 05 October 2018 04 October 2021 MADAM PAULINA 3 ADAB SAB MATERNITY HOME MATERNITY HOME LONG TERM ASHANTI BOHYEN KUMASI METRO NTOW SAKYIBEA 04 April 2018 03 April 2021 DR. BEN BLAY OFOSU- 4 ADIEBEBA HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG-TERM ASHANTI ADIEBEBA KUMASI METROPOLITAN BARKO 07 August 2019 06 August 2022 5 ADOM MMROSO MATERNITY HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI BROFOYEDU-KENYASI KWABRE MR. FELIX ATANGA 23 August 2018 22 August 2021 DR. EMMANUEL 6 AFARI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI AFARI ATWIMA NWABIAGYA MENSAH OSEI 04 January 2019 03 January 2022 AFRICAN DIASPORA CLINIC & MATERNITY MADAM PATRICIA 7 HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI ABIREM NEWTOWN KWABRE DISTRICT IJEOMA OGU 08 March 2019 07 March 2022 DR. JAMES K. BARNIE- 8 AGA HEALTH FOUNDATION PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI OBUASI OBUASI MUNICIPAL ASENSO 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 DR. JOSEPH YAW 9 AGAPE MEDICAL CENTRE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI EJISU EJISU JUABEN MUNICIPAL MANU 15 March 2019 14 March 2022 10 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION -ASOKORE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE KUMASI METROPOLITAN 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION HOSPITAL- DR.
    [Show full text]
  • Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in South- Western Part of Ashanti Region of Ghana
    Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in South- Western Part of Ashanti Region of Ghana A thesis approved by the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Process Engineering at the Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus-Senftenberg in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the academic degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Environmental Sciences. by Master of Philosophy Crentsil Kofi Bempah Born in Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana Supervisor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Hans-Jűrgen Voigt Supervisor: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Rainer Herd Day of the oral examination: 04.11.2014 Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater DECLARATION This doctoral dissertation “Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in South-Western Part of Ashanti Region of Ghana” was completed and written independently by me Crentsil Kofi Bempah. I hereby declare that: 1. This Ph.D. thesis was completed and written independently and that all used sources and tools are indicated in the thesis. 2. The publication of the thesis does not violate any copyright rules. All other work and/or words of others are appropriately cited or quoted. 3. I have never applied for a doctoral degree award in BTU or any institution before; or submitted any earlier applications to obtain permission for final examination or publication of my doctoral degree in part or in whole. 4. There has never been an instance where my application to get permission for final examination or publication of a doctoral degree has been cancelled, disqualified or unsuccessful due to my attempt to deceive. The research is an accurate and original account of my work done under the framework of the Environmental and Resource Management doctoral program offered by the Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus-Senftenberg.
    [Show full text]
  • Adansi North District Assembly
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA COMPOSITE BUDGET FOR 2018-2021 PROGRAMME BASED BUDGET ESTIMATES FOR 2018 ADANSI NORTH DISTRICT ASSEMBLY Table of Contents CONTACT NOTE ........................................................................................................................................... iv APPROVAL STATEMENT .............................................................................................................................. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... vi PART A: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.1.1 Legislative Establishment ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.2 Location and Size.................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1.3 Population/Demographics ................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.4 Political Structure ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1.5 Administrative Structure ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.6 Sociocultural Structure .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Trilateral Dialogue on the United States, Africa and China
    A Trilateral Dialogue on the United States, Africa and China Conference Paper 3 and Responses The Role of China and the U.S. in Managing Ghana's Nonrenewable Natural Resources for Inclusive Development This paper is part of a collection of papers written for a conference on May 13, 2013 on the relationship among the United States, China and Africa. These draft conference papers are the basis for further research. The rest of the papers can be found here. The Role of China and the U.S. in Managing Ghana's Nonrenewable Natural Resources for Inclusive Development Clement Ahiadeke, Director, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, Legon Peter Quartey, Associate Professor, ISSER & Head, Department of Economics, University of Ghana, Legon Simon Bawakyillenuo, Research Fellow, ISSER, University of Ghana, Legon Patricia Aidam, Research Fellow, ISSER, University of Ghana, Legon Mustapha Mensah, Teaching Assistant, Department of Economics, University of Ghana, Legon Introduction The influence of the United States in the world is undoubted. The U.S. plays a major role in global economic and political governance, and its relationship with Africa is cherished, especially after the introduction of the Millennium Challenge Account program. On the other side of the globe, China, in the past few decades, has grown in dominance in the global economy and continues to sustain record growth. Now, China is the world’s second largest economy after 30 years of fast-paced economic growth (Lawrence & MacDonald, 2012). China’s population is estimated to increase by approximately 123 million people by 2025 from a population of 1.3 billion people in 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • CSR Communication: a Study of Multinational Mining Companies in Southern Ghana
    CSR Communication: A Study of Multinational Mining Companies in Southern Ghana Joe Prempeh Owusu-Agyemang, MPharm, MBA & MRes 2017 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Business Department, Kingston University, London. Supervisors: Dr Fatima Annan-Diab Dr Nina Seppala i Abstract In recent years, there has been significant interest in communication on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Tehemar, 2012; Bortree, 2014). Yet, it is impractical to assume a one- size-fits-all definition for CSR (Crane and Matten, 2007; Walter, 2014). Therefore, this becomes an important area for research as CSR communications play a vital role in any CSR strategy in the business world, more especially in Ghana. Consequently, a good CSR communication can address the increasing cynicism about CSR when it is done effectively (Du et al., 2010; Kim and Ferguson, 2014). While a body of research exists about CSR communication at a theoretical level (Brugger, 2010; Schmeltz, 2012), there is a lack of empirical research investigating the topic in a particular policy and cultural content (Emel et al., 2012). The aim of this study was to address the limited research on CSR communication in Ghana. It empirically investigated whether the CSR dimensions (Triple Bottom Line) and effective CSR message components are positively linked with CSR stakeholder’ approval. The effects of individual characteristics including education and gender were also tested on the relationships. The study integrates insights from stakeholder theory (Vaaland et al., 2008; Wang, 2008) supported by both legitimacy theory (Perk et al., 2013) and institutional theory (Suddaby, 2013) to explain the planned base for CSR communication.
    [Show full text]
  • ASSESSING the EFFECTS of the PROCUREMENT ACT (663) on PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT in ASHANTI REGION by ADU SARFO, PATRICK (B.Ed
    ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF THE PROCUREMENT ACT (663) ON PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN ASHANTI REGION BY ADU SARFO, PATRICK (B.Ed Social Studies) A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING Department of Planning College of Architecture and Planning May, 2011 CERTIFICATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the MSc in Development Policy and Planning and that to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. ADU SARFO PATRICK ………………….. …………….. (20066331, PG 2000208) Signature Date Certified by: Prof. S.E. Owusu …………………… …………….. Supervisor Signature Date Certified by: Dr. Imoro Braimah …………………… …………… Head of Department Signature Date ii ABSTRACT The government has since 2001 made various efforts to correct the uncontrolled expenditure of public funds that characterised the national economy and led to a rather unstable economic climate. The government therefore set itself the task of regulating expenditure and instilling discipline in public finances through Public Procurement Act (663) and Financial Administration Act (654). According to Osafo-Marfo (2003) government embarked upon an exercise to reform the Public Procurement System in 1996 as an integral part of a wider Public Financial Management Reform Programme (PUFMARP). Public procurement accounts for about 50% to 70% of total government expenditure, represents 14% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and accounts for about 24% of total imports (Ministry of Finance, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report
    ASANKO GOLD MINE – PHASE 1 DEFINITIVE PROJECT PLAN National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report Prepared by DRA Projects (Pty) Limited on behalf of ASANKO GOLD INC. Original Effective Date: December 17, 2014 Amended and Restated Effective January 26, 2015 Qualified Person: G. Bezuidenhout National Diploma (Extractive Metallurgy), FSIAMM Qualified Person: D. Heher B.Sc Eng (Mechanical), PrEng Qualified Person: T. Obiri-Yeboah, B.Sc Eng (Mining) PrEng Qualified Person: J. Stanbury, B Sc Eng (Industrial), Pr Eng Qualified Person: C. Muller B.Sc (Geology), B.Sc Hons (Geology), Pr. Sci. Nat. Qualified Person: D.Morgan M.Sc Eng (Civil), CPEng Asanko Gold Inc Asanko Gold Mine Phase 1 Definitive Project Plan Reference: C8478-TRPT-28 Rev 5 Our Ref: C8478 Page 2 of 581 Date and Signature Page This report titled “Asanko Gold Mine Phase 1 Definitive Project Plan, Ashanti Region, Ghana, National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report” with an effective date of 26 January 2015 was prepared on behalf of Asanko Gold Inc. by Glenn Bezuidenhout, Douglas Heher, Thomas Obiri-Yeboah, Charles Muller, John Stanbury, David Morgan and signed: Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Glenn Bezuidenhout” G. Bezuidenhout, National Diploma (Extractive Metallurgy), FSIAMM Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Douglas Heher” D. Heher, B.Sc Eng (Mechanical), PrEng Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Thomas Obiri-Yeboah” T. Obiri-Yeboah, B.Sc Eng (Mining) PrEng Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Charles Muller” C.
    [Show full text]
  • PRECIOUS METAL, CHEAP LABOR Child Labor and Corporate Responsibility in Ghana’S Artisanal Gold Mines WATCH
    H U M A N R I G H T S PRECIOUS METAL, CHEAP LABOR Child Labor and Corporate Responsibility in Ghana’s Artisanal Gold Mines WATCH Precious Metal, Cheap Labor Child Labor and Corporate Responsibility in Ghana’s Artisanal Gold Mines Copyright © 2015 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-31609 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2015 ISBN: 978-1-6231-31609 Precious Metal, Cheap Labor Child Labor and Corporate Responsibility in Ghana’s Artisanal Gold Mines Map .................................................................................................................................... i Summary and Key Recommendations ................................................................................. 1 Methodology .....................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Adansi South District Assembly Sub Programme 2.2 Infrastructure Development
    Table of Content PART A: STRATEGIC OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 3 1. ESTABISHMENT OF THE DISTRICT ....................................................................................... 3 2. VISION ....................................................................................................................................... 4 3. MISSION .................................................................................................................................... 4 4. GOALS ....................................................................................................................................... 4 5. CORE FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................... 4 6. DISTICT ECONOMY .................................................................................................................. 4 a. AGRICULTURE ................................................................................................................... 4 REPUBLIC OF GHANA b. INDUSTRY .......................................................................................................................... 5 c. ROADS ................................................................................................................................ 5 d. EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................... 7 e. HEALTH .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Collaborating with Local Authorities to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana’S Cocoa
    Collaborating with Local Authorities to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana’s cocoa. The case of Yen Daakye (YDK) Project, Ghana Community driven initiatives for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour and forced adult labour in the cocoa industry through a child-centred development approach. A collaborative effort by the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), Participatory Development Associates (PDA) Ltd and seven district-based implementing partners. Prepared by: Participatory Development Associates (PDA) February, 2012 Please note, the views and opinions expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) About the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) Established in 2002, the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) emerged from the 2001 Harkin/Engel Protocol as a non-profit Foundation that would support the cocoa sector to address the problem of child and forced labour in the cocoa supply-chain. ICI was set up as a multi-stakeholder initiative (MSI), harnessing the energies and expertise of the chocolate and cocoa industry, of civil society, and of governments in cocoa-producing nations, to bring about positive change in agricultural labour practices and in the elimination of child labour. Supported by individual chocolate and cocoa companies, ICI is led by a Board composed equally of industry and civil society (NGO) representatives. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is an advisor to the Board. ICI’s programme is nationally driven and community centred, ensuring an approach based on actual local conditions and creating a way for each country and community to guide its own future.
    [Show full text]
  • Accessibility to Health Care: a Survey-Based
    Amogh Sivarapatna Department of Biomedical Engineering Advisor: Robert Swap, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Sciences One ophthalmologist for every 500,000 people in Ghana Translates to 45 eye doctors for a population of 26 million Those who are blind in Africa have a four times higher mortality rate From World Health Organization Around 7.1 of the world's 38 million blind people live in sub- Saharan Africa (Lewallen et al., 2001) 80% of blindness is preventable Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness in the developing world, followed by trachoma Preventative education can significantly reduce cases Often times, only a 20 minute surgical procedure can restore sight WHO Data Determine barriers that individual patients face in receiving eye health care in rural communities outside Accra Why are patients in extreme poverty not able to access medical care? Major issues of concern: Financial Education related Awareness Location Transportation Survey-based approach to identify barriers (n = 140) 20 random patients (> age 20) interviewed during each Unite for Sight outreach effort Use of translator Interview questions: “Is this your first time getting your eyes checked?” “What barriers or obstacles did you face in receiving eye health care?” “What would you consider as the major obstacle you faced in receiving eye health care?” Outreach effort in Kpone, Ghana Strong correlation between the rurality of the village (distance from the capital) and the patient’s ability to receive care Lack of finances and awareness presented to be the two most frequent obstacles encountered In one hospital (Juaso Hospital - Asante Akim South District), 76% of patients from a random sample of 55 reported that it was their first time getting their eyes checked.
    [Show full text]