Accessibility & Mobility Strategy Synthesis: Strategy Profiles

Prepared for the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority

Prepared by

with support by AECOM and FHI Studio

June 2021

A Menu of Strategies to Support Accessibility and Mobility Needs As the northern New Jersey region works to enhance accessibility and mobility, it is important for the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA) and partner agencies to consider what strategies are most effective and appropriate to address identified needs. This document provides a menu of strategies to considered to address identified regional needs. The strategies are grouped into eight categories:

Strategy Profiles For each strategy, this document includes a one‐page profile. Each profile includes information on: needs addressed by the strategy, specific tactics or applications of the strategy; assessment factors to consider; benefits in relation to regional objectives; costs, qualitatively assessed; equity considerations; and organizations that are responsible or typically play a role in implementation. Each profile also includes information on locations to consider and related projects. It is most valuable to look at problems holistically and to consider the most appropriate strategy or combination of strategies to apply to address specific needs. The NJTPA encourages partner organizations to look at the Regional Capital Investment Strategy and the analyses conducted as part of the Congestion Management Process – including the Strategy Identification and Prioritization Report (which includes matrices that connect regional needs to strategies) and the Equity Assessment Report (which identifies locations with vulnerable populations and particular needs) – as a guide to help in selecting strategies. These strategies often involve multiple partner agency implementers, and strategies may be advanced through the NJTPA’s long‐range transportation plan, through follow‐up studies, by funding projects or programs in the Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), in other ongoing programs, or by coordinating with other agency implementers. Transit Priority / Transit-Supportive Roads (TR-1) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Transit crowding, unreliable transit, long and • uncompetitive transit travel times, congested and Roadways with congestion, poor unreliable roadways (by encouraging shifts to transit) reliability, and high transit frequency • Roadways serving transit routes with Specific Strategies poor on-time performance Dedicated lanes, business and access transit (BAT) lanes, • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider bus on shoulder treatments, transit signal priority, queue jumps, and other bus rapid transit (BRT) support Related Projects facilities; express/limited-stop service. • GO Bus 25 and 28 (current service) Assessment Factors • US 9 in Monmouth County (current • How many riders would benefit? and planned service) • What are the current peak traffic conditions and transit • I-78 Corridor Transit Study travel times? • Bergen County BRT (proposed) • What is the potential for decreasing transit travel times • Greater New Brunswick area (Route and improving reliability? 18) BRT (proposed) • What is the physical feasibility of implementing • US 1 BRT, Middlesex County improvements with manageable traffic impacts? What are impacts on on-street parking, loading zones, etc.? (proposed) • What is the potential for the improvements to attract new transit ridership? Costs Benefits • Relatively low for lane striping and other treatments • Improves accessibility to destination by reducing • Medium when incorporating BRT support transit travel time (more destinations accessible in facilities same travel time) • Enhances transit reliability (on-time performance) • Enhances usability of transit Responsible Organizations • Optimizes existing roadway capacity by increasing Requires collaboration among many agencies: transit ridership and passenger throughput • NJDOT – responsible for roadway construction, maintenance, and operations Equity Considerations • NJ TRANSIT – responsible for bus stations / stops, service planning, and operations Consider routes serving high levels of vulnerable populations • Municipalities – responsible for station / stop that would benefit from faster and more reliable transit. location, design, and access; coordination Recognize important role to enhance jobs access via transit, with local businesses and communities rather than focusing on primarily road users. Improve Bus Stop Infrastructure / Amenities (TR-2) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Need for supportive transit infrastructure; lack of Locations to Consider shelter, shade, lighting, or other conditions that are • High transit ridership locations important for transit riders, especially vulnerable • Areas with high numbers of population segments, such as older adults and persons disadvantaged / vulnerable populations with disabilities. • Areas identified by local stakeholders Specific Strategies • Examples locations to consider include: Add benches, bus shelters, sidewalks and ADA South Kearny; Blackwell & Bergen improvements, lighting, improve placement and design Streets, Dover; Main & Day Streets, City of bus stops, schedule information, and/or real-time bus of Orange; Essex & Huyler/State Streets, information. Hackensack; Fairmount & Newark Avenues, Elizabeth; U.S. Route 9 & Assessment Factors Fairway Lane, Old Bridge; U.S. Route 9 & • What is level of current transit service? Adelphia Road, Freehold Township; 18th • What is the current and potential ridership? Street & Irvine Turner Boulevard, • What are the conditions of facilities? Newark • Are there safety/security issues? Related Projects Benefits • NJ TRANSIT Local Bus Shelter • Enhances usability of transit, making transit more Modernization Program comfortable and attractive • Route 126 improvements in Hoboken • May increase transit ridership, helping to optimize • Planned bus terminal upgrades: roadway capacity , Hackensack, • May improve safety and security Passaic Costs Relatively low (plus on-going maintenance costs) Responsible Organizations Equity Considerations Requires coordination between: Strive for universal access to accommodate people with • NJ TRANSIT – installs and maintains bus disabilities, seniors, and limited-English proficiency riders. Be stop signs and poles, provides funding for aware that disadvantaged communities may not advocate or shelters request bus shelters or supporting infrastructure to the same • Municipalities – approves stop locations, extent as other communities; consider ways to ensure these approves shelters and maintains, repairs, areas are not disadvantaged in terms of obtaining equitable and replaces them, if needed quality of bus stops. Support Mobility-impaired Accessibility (TR-3) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Need for additional services or multimodal connections • 30 commuter rail stations with to enable use of transit for entire trips. Reverse identified ADA access limitations commute challenges. Need for supportive transit • Access to VA hospitals in East Orange infrastructure. and Lyons, among others Specific Strategies Related Projects Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility • NJ TRANSIT Access Link improvements, enhanced transit amenities (shelters, • NJ TRANSIT bus shelter replacement information, et al.), paratransit and targeted service, program possible new service models • County-based paratransit and shuttle services Assessment Factors • NJ TRANSIT Regional Rail Station • What are the locations / densities of older and disabled Modernization & Access Program persons? • NJ TRANSIT Local Bus Shelter • What are key destinations, such as shopping areas, Modernization Program medical services, and community / civic uses? • NJTPA’s Coordinated Human Services • What are the current levels of transit service and Transportation Plan amenities? Benefits Responsible Organizations Many different agencies are responsible for • Equitable access, including increased mobility and different facilities and may need to coordinate: access for vulnerable populations to a wide variety of • NJDOT – responsible for state roadways destinations (jobs, health care, groceries, etc.) • NJ TRANSIT – responsible for rail stations, • May improve multi-modal safety bus and paratransit operations • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Costs responsible for rail stations and ferry Relatively low to moderate terminals • Counties – responsible for county roads; Equity Considerations provide shared-ride paratransit services • Municipalities – responsible for municipal Strive for universal access to accommodate people with roadways, shelter maintenance; provide mobility, vision, and hearing disabilities shared-ride paratransit services • Transportation Management Associations – may provide on-demand services Add/Improve First-Mile/Last-Mile Access (TR-4) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Need for additional services or multimodal connections Locations to Consider to enable use of transit for entire trips. Reverse • Rail stations with limited bus service commute challenges. frequency or multimodal connections • Bus stops at major activity centers or Specific Strategies along corridors with frequent service • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider Feeder bus / shuttle services, enhanced pedestrian, • Areas identified by stakeholders include bicycle, or micromobility connections to transit stations and stops near Rutgers University New Brunswick/ Piscataway Campuses, Freehold area, Assessment Factors and downtown Morristown • What are the current transit services? • What are the key origins and destinations that may not Related Projects be fully served? • EZ Ride shuttles serve Secaucus • What is the estimated demand for supplemental Junction rail station services? • DASH 851 and 852 run between New Brunswick rail station and Benefits employment locations • Improves accessibility to destinations by transit • South Orange rail station is served by • Supports equitable access South Orange jitney routes and West • Enhances the usability of public transit Orange shuttle routes • Encourages increased transit ridership, helping to optimize roadway capacity • Supports pedestrian and bicycle activity, which may Responsible Organizations benefit non-transit users as well Many different organizations can play a role in Costs supporting first-mile/last-mile access, including: • NJ TRANSIT – operates and provides Relatively low to moderate funding for local services • NJTPA – administers CMAQ program and Equity Considerations Local Mobility Initiatives program in First-mile/last-mile access is often a particular barrier for coordination with NJ TRANSIT low-income and zero vehicle households, who cannot access • Private transportation service providers – jobs or other destinations in suburban areas, particularly operate some local transit services during off-peak hours. In prioritizing services, consider needs • Transportation Management Associations – for these populations, particularly at employment outside of some assist in planning and operating local central business districts. shuttle services Fare, System Interconnectivity (TR-5) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Lack of connectivity between transit services, challenges • Systemwide, addressing connections transferring between different service providers between NJ TRANSIT rail and bus, PATH, MTA subways, ferries, and other options Specific Strategies Improve coordination of scheduling, fares, and transfers; Related Projects increase use of passes and automated fare purchase and • NJ TRANSIT MyTix allows for payment; unified one-payment fare system automated fare purchase and payment. Assessment Factors • NJ TRANSIT rail riders with passes can • What is the location of key connection / transfer points ride light rail and bus for free. among transit services? • NJ TRANSIT offers continuous trip • What is the usage for transfers among services? tickets on some bus routes. • What is the potential demand for increased transfers • PATH has Smart Link fare payment among services? option and is planning to integrate • How can fare policy and pricing help serve travelers with OMNY, which will enable that must use multiple services? seamless transfer to MTA subways Benefits • Supports equitable access, reducing costs to riders • Enhances the usability of public transit, including Responsible Organizations connectivity of services and efficiency and convenience of Many partners would need to work together, transfers including: • Encourages increased transit ridership, helping to • NJ TRANSIT – establishes fare structures and optimize roadway capacity payment mechanisms and options Costs • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Potentially high; requires fare and revenue establishes fare structure and payment coordination mechanisms and options • Private bus operators and other service Equity Considerations providers – establish fare structures and payment mechanisms and options Could consider fare policies that offer lower fares for low- income populations. Consider how fare transfer policies affect different socio-economic groups. Source: Google Streetview

Park-and-Ride Enhancement/Expansion (TR-6) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Limited available capacity to support potential public transit and carpooling options. Many current facilities Locations to Consider are near or at capacity. • Existing locations with over capacity demand for parking – approximately 20 locations identified Specific Strategies • Potential new locations in Expand capacity of existing park-and-ride facilities, add suburban/rural areas with potential for new facilities, enhance amenities at or near facilities, demand for commuter bus services adjust transit schedules as needed to serve facilities, • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider improve multi-modal connections, provide enhanced with overcapacity parking real-time information on parking availability and next train/bus information Assessment Factors Related Projects • Pompton Lakes Study Transit Access • What is the presence of current transit services that Study serve the park-and-ride facility? • I-78 Corridor Transit Study • What is the nearby residential population who may use the facility? • What is the potential use of the facility and increase Equity Considerations in transit ridership? Ensure universal access so people with disabilities • What other options, such as pedestrian, bicycle, can access transit from parking spaces. Balance micromobility options, shuttles, or micro-transit parking demand with other ways to access transit could be applied instead of adding parking capacity? that may benefit households without vehicles. Benefits • Improves accessibility to destinations Responsible Organizations • Supports alternatives to driving alone and the • NJDOT – may own property for current or usability of public transit potential park-and-ride facilities • Encourages increased transit ridership, helping to • NJ TRANSIT – provides services to and from optimize roadway capacity park-and-ride facilities • May support pedestrian and bicycle activity, which • Private bus operators – provide services to may benefit non-transit users as well and from park-and-ride facilities • Municipalities – may need to revise plans / Costs ordinances to authorize and support park- Low to Medium-high (depend on station context, and-ride facilities available land, types of enhancements) • Private property owners – may own property for potential park-and-ride facilities Expand / Enhance Bus Service (TR-7) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Trans-Hudson capacity, transit crowding, transit • reliability issues, long and uncompetitive transit travel Areas with potential for relatively high times, reverse commute challenges transit demand (based on land use and other factors) with relatively long transit Specific Strategies commutes Increase service frequency, extend hours of operation, • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider. extend routes, add stops, add new routes, consider new • Areas identified by stakeholders service models, e.g., specialized or dynamic reverse include: Routes serving Journal Square commute services. Transportation Center, routes along Assessment Factors major Newark corridors including Broad Street, Market Street, and Raymond • What are the current transit services and what are the expansion possibilities? Boulevard; and .access to Middlesex • What is the current peak transit ridership, and what is County suburban destinations and the potential for attracting new ridership? employment centers • Is there sufficient demand for fixed route service? • What are the development densities and the key Related Projects origins and destinations for potential service? • Greater Newark Bus Study • What is the potential for linking increased service with • Route 202 Corridor Assessment and multi-modal access including park-and-rides, Multi-Modal Mobility Plan pedestrian facilities, and bicycle facilities? • Southern Middlesex County Transit Benefits Needs and Service Enhancement Study • • Improves accessibility to destinations NewBus Newark • Enhances equitable access • Enhances usability of public transit • Encourages increased transit ridership, helping to Costs address traffic congestion Medium (depends on level of enhancement, new services) Equity Considerations Many transit services are geared toward typical rush-hour Responsible Organizations commuters, and do not effectively serve low-income workers • and other populations that work during off-peak hours/late NJ TRANSIT – responsible for stations and night or have reverse commutes. Affordable, convenient local stops, service planning, and operations and intercity access is needed for a variety of trip types (e.g., • Municipalities – responsible for station and employment centers, medical centers, recreational stop location, design, and access opportunities, schools). Consider these population needs. Expand / Enhance Rail Service (TR-8) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Trans-Hudson capacity, transit crowding, transit reliability issues, long and uncompetitive transit travel Locations to Consider times in some locations, reverse commute challenges • Hudson River rail crossing / Northeast Corridor Specific Strategies • Add new tunnels (Trans-Hudson capacity), increase • Northeastern Bergen County service frequency, extend lines, add stations, add new • Potential rail expansions to outer lines. suburbs

Assessment Factors Related Projects • • What are the current services and what are the Northeast Corridor, Gateway Program • expansion possibilities? Lackawanna Cutoff • • What is the current peak ridership, and what is the Raritan Valley Line extension to potential for attracting new ridership? Phillipsburg • • What are the development densities and the key West Trenton Line • origins and destinations for potential service? Middlesex – Ocean – Monmouth Line • What is the potential for linking increased service with multi-modal access including park-and-rides, bus / shuttle service, and bike-ped facilities? Benefits • Improves accessibility to destinations Responsible Organizations • Enhances equitable access • Enhances reliability of travel • NJ TRANSIT – responsible for lines and • Enhances usability of public transit stations, service planning, and operations • Encourages increased transit ridership, helping to • address traffic congestion Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – responsible for lines and stations, service Costs planning, and operations High • Municipalities – may be responsible for items Equity Considerations relative to station location, design, and access Provide connecting bus/shuttle service to and from rail stations to expand access to high-capacity transit. Expand/Enhance Ferry Service (TR-9) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Trans-Hudson capacity, transit crowding Locations to Consider Specific Strategies • Potential route origins include Jersey Increase fleet size, improve terminal facilities, improve City, Bayonne, Elizabeth, Carteret, multi-modal connections Englewood Cliffs, South Amboy, and Alpine. • Other potential sites for expanded or Assessment Factors new ferry service include Edgewater, • What are the current ferry services and what are the Long Branch, Newark, Elizabeth, and expansion possibilities? Belford / Highlands / Atlantic Highlands. • What is the current peak transit ridership, and what is the potential for attracting new ridership? Related Projects • What are the development densities and the key • Hudson Ferry Study origins and destinations for potential service? • NJTPA Inventory and Assessment of • What is the potential for linking increased service with Waterborne Transportation Resources multi-modal access including buses, shuttles, • NJ TRANSIT Ferry Customer Study pedestrian facilities, and bicycle facilities? Report • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Trans-Hudson Commuting Benefits Capacity Study • Improves accessibility to destinations • Enhances usability of public transit, including improved rider comfort Responsible Organizations • Enhances reliability / provides service redundancy • NJ TRANSIT – responsible for some • Encourages increased transit ridership, helping to address terminals, service planning, and operations traffic congestion • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – responsible for some terminals, Costs service planning, and operations Medium • Private operators – responsible for other terminals, service planning, and operations • Municipalities – may be responsible for items relating to terminal location, design, Equity Considerations and access Consider service affordability and access to low-income waterfront communities Transit Preservation/Resilience (TR-10) Public Transit

Needs Addressed Disruptions to service due to infrastructure conditions, impacts of extreme weather events; rehabilitation and Locations to Consider maintenance needs • NJ TRANSIT and PATH facilities including rail system bridges, tracks and other Specific Strategies facilities in low-lying areas and those New bridges with higher vertical profiles, track vulnerable to climate change rehabilitation and elevation, signal and communication system protection, rolling stock rehabilitation and Related Projects • Long Slip Fill and Rail Enhancement replacement • Signals and Communications Resilience project Assessment Factors • Rail bridge projects: Raritan River • What is the current condition of facilities? Bridge replacement, Brielle Draw • What is the current service frequency and ridership on Bridge replacement, HX Draw Bridge those facilities? replacement, Shark River Draw Bridge replacement, Morgan Draw Bridge • What are the threats associated with extreme weather replacement impacts? What infrastructure is most vulnerable? • What is the lowest life-cycle cost? Benefits • Improved service reliability / fewer delays • Reduced bridge and track deterioration Responsible Organizations • NJ TRANSIT – owns and maintains rail Costs system infrastructure and rolling stock High but necessary, and important for overall • Port Authority of New York and New preservation of the system Jersey – owns and maintains infrastructure and rolling stock Equity Considerations Needs of transit dependent, Title VI, and environmental justice populations must be considered for full community resiliency Pedestrian, Bike & Sidewalks/Pedestrian Improvements (PB-1) Micromobility Needs Addressed Lack of pedestrian access, comfort, and safety Locations to Consider Specific Strategies • Locations accessing transit and connecting to activity centers, areas with high Sidewalks, crosswalks, trails, safer street crossings, pedestrian crashes, areas with high pedestrian countdown signals [May be part of a broader walkability potential based on land use complete streets strategy (PB-3)] patterns, and gaps in sidewalk networks Assessment Factors • Examples from Needs Assessment include Market St. / Broad St. area of downtown • What are key nearby destinations, such as transit Newark; Bloomfield Ave. in Newark stations / stops, schools, shopping areas, etc. ? through Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, and • What is current or anticipated potential for pedestrian Montclair; JFK Blvd. and Bergenline Ave.; activity? and New Brunswick Ave. in Perth Amboy • What is the crash history or identified safety hazards? Related Projects Benefits • Safe Routes to School and Walkability in • Improves accessibility to destinations Elizabeth • Supports equitable access • Complete Streets Concept Plan for • Enhances the usability of public transit Morris Avenue • Increases the viability of walking, bicycling, and other • Pedestrian Bridge over Route 440 (TIP micromobility options project) • Improves safety • Essex County Complete Streets • May reduce vehicle trips, and reduce traffic congestion Implementation Action Plan and emissions • Borough of Keyport Complete Streets • May enhance economic vitality Policy and Implementation Plan • Complete Streets Design and Costs Implementation Plan: City of Hoboken Relatively low in many locations Responsible Organizations • Counties and municipalities – incorporate Equity Considerations pedestrian accommodations into roadway Provides an affordable transportation option but needs to be improvement projects • designed with consideration of all abilities. Designs should NJDOT – administers grant programs consider strollers and people in wheelchairs (i.e., ample including Safe Routes to Schools • widths, ADA-accessible ramps). Prioritization may consider NJ TRANSIT – provides pedestrian safety needs of zero-vehicle households/vulnerable populations. education Pedestrian, Bike & Bicycle Facilities/Improvements (PB-2) Micromobility Needs Addressed Lack of bicycle access, comfort, and safety Locations to Consider • Locations accessing transit and Specific Strategies connecting to activity centers, areas Bicycle routes, on-street bike lanes, lane markings, cycle with high bicycle crashes, and areas tracks, trails, signage [May be part of a broader with few facilities with high bicycle level complete streets strategy (PB-3)] of comfort or to fill gaps in networks, and based on local priorities Assessment Factors • Examples include Newark; Hackensack, • What are the origins and destinations of current and along Prospect Street; Essex Street; potential future bicycle trips? Polifly Road and Summit Avenue; • What are the current / potential links to other multi- Palisades Avenue and Anderson Avenue modal facilities? in Cliffside Park and Fort Lee • What is the crash history, identified safety factors? Related Projects • Morris Canal Greenway Study Benefits • Middlesex Greenways Wayfinding and • Improves accessibility to destinations Middlesex Greenways Access Plan • Supports equitable access • Exploration of Public Bike Share • Enhances the usability of public transit Program in Hudson County • Increases the viability of walking, bicycling, and other • City of Newark Pedestrian & Bicycle micromobility options Safety Action Plan • Improves safety • Newark Riverfront Bicycle-Pedestrian • May reduce vehicle trips, and reduce traffic congestion Access Plan (TIP project) and emissions • New York, Susquehanna & Western Bicycle-Pedestrian Path (TIP project) Costs Relatively low Responsible Organizations • NJDOT – administers bikeway grant program Equity Considerations and bicycle safety initiatives Provides an affordable transportation option but needs to be • NJ TRANSIT – allows bicycles on trains designed with consideration of all abilities. Prioritization may and buses, provides bicycle parking at consider needs of disadvantaged populations. most train stations • Counties and municipalities – incorporate bicycle accommodations into road improvement projects Pedestrian, Bike & Complete Streets/Safety Measures (PB-3) Micromobility Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Lack of pedestrian and bicycle access, comfort, and safety, • first-mile/last-mile transit needs See CMP Analysis for areas to consider. • Based on stakeholder identified needs, Specific Strategies examples include within urban areas: Traffic calming and road diets, intersection Market St. / Broad St. area of improvements for pedestrians, pedestrian plazas, downtown Newark; Bloomfield Ave. in turning restrictions, protected lanes Newark through Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, and Montclair; JFK Blvd. and Bergenline Assessment Factors Ave.; New Brunswick Ave. in Perth • Is the corridor an important connection between Amboy; Hackensack, along Prospect residential areas, retail centers, community / civic uses, Street, Essex Street, Polifly Road and multi-modal transportation connections, et al.? Summit Avenue; and Palisades Avenue • What is the presence and frequency of bus service and Anderson Avenue in Cliffside Park along the corridor? • Are there high crash rates, high traffic volumes, cut- and Fort Lee • through traffic, frequent turning movements, speeding, Examples between / within suburban parking violations, and other dangerous driving areas include: Near Rutgers U. New behavior? Brunswick/Piscataway Campuses, • Is the corridor frequently used by emergency vehicles, Freehold area, downtown Morristown, and are there alternative vehicular travel routes? along NJ-27 and NJ-28 in Somerset Benefits County • Improves accessibility to destinations Related Projects • Supports equitable access • • Enhances the usability of public transit NJTPA Technical Assistance projects • • Increases the viability of walking, bicycling, and other Together North Jersey Demonstration micromobility options projects • Improves safety • May reduce vehicle trips, and reduce traffic congestion and emissions Responsible Organizations • May enhance economic vitality • NJDOT – responsible for state roadways • NJ TRANSIT – responsible for rail stations, bus Costs operations Relatively low • Counties – responsible for county roadways Equity Considerations • Municipalities – responsible for municipal roadways, planning / zoning for adjacent land Complete streets promote beneficial health outcomes and uses affordable transportation options Pedestrian, Bike & Micromobility Options (PB-4) Micromobility Needs Addressed Congestion on urban streets, lack of travel options, opportunity to substitute for short transit trips Locations to Consider • Urbanized areas with a density of land Specific Strategies uses, activity centers, transit station areas Bike share, electronic scooters, dockless bikes, etc. with supporting infrastructure such as lane and curb [See strategy SM-4] management Related Projects • Jersey City and Hoboken joint bicycle Assessment Factors share program – Lyft / Citi Bike • What are likely locations for demand? • Plainfield bike share program • What are key origins and destinations? • What safety issues need to be considered? • Elizabeth – pilot electric scooter share program (terminated) Benefits • Asbury Park – pilot electric scooter • Improves accessibility to destinations share program • Supports equitable access • Enhances the usability of public transit • Increases the potential for multi-modal travel options • May reduce vehicle trips, and reduce traffic congestion and emissions • May enhance economic vitality Responsible Organizations May involve coordination among agencies Costs • Counties and municipalities – for roads Relatively low under local jurisdiction • Municipalities – typically responsible for entering into legal agreements with service Equity Considerations providers and enforcing regulations • Micromobility has the potential to benefit low-income Transportation Management Associations – communities with a new, affordable transportation options; may play a role • special pricing for low-income members of the community can NJDOT – for roads under state jurisdiction boost participation. Note that micromobility options may not serve all facets of the community (e.g., individuals with disabilities) Travel Demand Employer-Based TDM (DM-1) Management

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable roadways, overcrowded and unreliable bus transit, opportunities to reduce single- Locations to Consider occupant vehicle travel • Systemwide Specific Strategies • Prioritize major employment centers and congested commute corridors Encourage telework, encourage ridesharing, vanpool assistance, shuttles, commuter benefits ordinances, employer outreach and incentive programs Related Projects Assessment Factors • NJTPA TMA Program • Where are the major employment and residential • NJ TRANSIT TMA Program concentrations, and flows of commuters driving alone that could be matched ? • What is the willingness of employers to support, participate, and contribute to programs? Responsible Organizations • What is the estimated effectiveness of various • NJDOT – provides funding to programs and incentives to workers to participate? Transportation Management Benefits Associations (TMAs) • • Improves accessibility to destinations TMAs (EZ Ride, Hudson TMA, RideWise, • Supports equitable access goHunterdon, KMM, TransOptions, • Enhances the usability of public transit Greater Mercer TMA) – administer • Increases the potential for multi-modal travel options various alternative commute programs • • Reduces vehicle trips, and may reduce traffic congestion NJ TRANSIT – funds the TMAs to and emissions promote transit and vanpooling • • May enhance economic vitality Municipalities – adopt TDM ordinances • Private sector – employers, developers Costs implement programs Relatively low

Equity Considerations Providing transportation options or helping lower transportation costs to job sites not on fixed-route transit could expand job opportunities for low-income workers. Travel Demand Regional/Local TDM Programs & Incentives (DM-2) Management

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable roadways (including Locations to Consider weekend and seasonal locations), opportunities to • Systemwide reduce single-occupant vehicle travel • Shore areas in Monmouth and Ocean Specific Strategies Counties and other tourism locations. • Regional ridesharing support, programs to encourage Event locations, including Meadowlands biking/walking, incentives for ridesharing or transit for Sports Complex, Prudential Center, Rutgers special events or seasonal events, promotions, University sports facilities, Monmouth Park, discount/ reward programs, targeted bus and shuttle and PNC Bank Arts Center service, mobility on demand • Schools and community centers Assessment Factors Related Projects • What kinds of options are feasible to shift travel • Bicycle and Pedestrian Ambassadors behavior (e.g., spread time of trips, shift to • Safe Routes to Schools programs transit or other modes)? • NJ TRANSIT special event service to and from • What are opportunities and willingness of the business community, venues, and others to Meadowlands Sports Complex sponsor or participate in programs? • Long Beach Island Shuttles • Where are areas with high travel peaks • Gameday shuttle service between downtown and bottlenecks for seasonal activities and New Brunswick and SHI Stadium special events? Benefits • Improves accessibility to destinations Equity Considerations • Enhances the usability of public transit Affordable transportation options can help reduce • Increases the potential for multi-modal travel financial burdens on low-income families. options • Reduces vehicle trips, and may reduce traffic Responsible Organizations congestion and emissions • NJ TRANSIT – schedules, promotes, and provides • May enhance economic vitality, including special transit service attractiveness of resorts and special • TMAs – develop and promote programs event destinations • Municipalities – provide local shuttle services Costs • Private sector – venue operators, business Relatively low associations • Schools and other public/private organizations Travel Demand Pricing Strategies (DM-3) Management

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable roadways, overcrowded and unreliable bus transit, opportunities to reduce single- Locations to Consider occupant vehicle travel • Major activity centers • Specific Strategies Congested roadways Peak hour road / bridge tolls, other road pricing, discounted transit fares, other transit pricing Related Projects policies, parking pricing (peak hour pricing, dynamic • Peak hour toll rates for Port Authority pricing) bridge and tunnel crossings Assessment Factors • Off-peak toll discounts on NJ Turnpike • Where are areas with high travel peaks / and Garden State Parkway bottlenecks? • Free light rail and bus service for NJ • How much does the peak travel demand exceed TRANSIT rail riders with passes transportation system capacity? • Continuous trip tickets on some NJ • What is the estimated impact of pricing in reducing TRANSIT bus routes peak hour travel or parking demand? • What is anticipated impact on other facilities?

Benefits • Increases use of multi-modal options • Improves reliability Responsible Organizations • Reduces vehicle trips, traffic congestion, and emissions • NJ Turnpike Authority – manages NJ Turnpike and Garden State Parkway Costs • NJ TRANSIT – provides transit services Relatively low • Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – manages bridge and tunnel crossings, PATH • Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Equity Considerations Commission – manages bridge crossings Consider who is affected by pricing and in what ways, • Municipalities – responsible for parking particularly low-income populations. Consider equitable policies distribution of revenue and how it might work to increase or improve transit options in low-income communities. Source: NJTPA

Land Use/Urban Design/Transit-supportive Development Land Use Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Preponderance of single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) travel • Systemwide Specific Strategies • Prioritize locations near transit stations Municipal planning and zoning that enables high-density and major activity centers, consistent mixed-use development; municipal redevelopment with community plans planning; Transit Village designation Related Projects Assessment Factors • Town of Boonton Transit Village • What is the presence of current transit services, and Initiative Planning how much new service possibly could be justified by • Borough of Freehold Transit Village increased station-area development? Initiative Planning • What is current ridership and how much new ridership • could station-area development generate? Green Brook Township Village Center • What is the development and redevelopment potential Re-zoning Project in the station area? • Bound Brook Urban Design Plan Implementation Project Benefits • Passaic Eastside TOD Strategic Plan • Improves accessibility to destinations • Supports equitable access • Enhances feasibility of increased public transit • Increases the potential for multi-modal travel options • Reduces vehicle trips, and may reduce traffic congestion and emissions Responsible Organizations • May enhance economic vitality • Municipalities – responsible for conducting planning and preparing planning documents in support of transit-oriented development, e.g., Costs authorizing mixed-use development May yield cost savings • NJDOT – along with NJ TRANSIT, responsible for administering Transit Village program • NJ TRANSIT – responsible for transit service Equity Considerations planning and station maintenance / Potential to pair affordable housing with transit-oriented uses improvements Transportation Systems (SM-1) Arterial Operations Management & Operations Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable major roadways Locations to Consider • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider. Specific Strategies • Roadways with poor reliability Traffic signal upgrades, signal coordination and • Examples from Needs Assessment include: optimization, active traffic management, adjustable • Urban: Locations along NJ-21 south of downtown Newark; Broad St., Newark; lanes Paterson Plank Rd, and NJ-440 in Jersey City; along CR-675/Willow Avenue in Assessment Factors Hoboken • What are the current congestion levels, and what • Suburban: NJ-10 in Morris is the potential for reducing congestion? Plains/Hanover/ Parsippany, NJ-208 from • What are the current peak hour traffic volumes; Midland Park to Fairlawn, NJ-18 in No. Brunswick and East Brunswick how many vehicles would benefit from improvements? Related Projects Benefits • Meadowlands Adaptive Signal System for • Improves reliability Traffic Reduction • Reduces congestion delay, optimizing existing • Coordinated signal timing for NJ 72 corridor capacity • Adaptive signal timing control technology • Reduces bus travel times along NJ 70 corridor • Reduces vehicle emissions • US 1 peak hour shoulder use in South Brunswick • Newark Broad Street Traffic Signal Costs Optimization (in TIP) Relatively low

Equity Considerations Responsible Organizations Consider operations strategies that support multimodal • NJ Turnpike Authority – responsible for NJ mobility, rather than just vehicle mobility (e.g., Turnpike and Garden State Parkway improvements to transit operations, walking, bicycling). • NJDOT – responsible for roadway construction, Ensure that local movements and accessibility are not maintenance, and operations hindered by emphasis on regional mobility. • Counties and municipalities – responsible for roads under their jurisdiction Transportation Systems Freeway Operations/Regional System Management (SM-2) Management & Operations

Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Bottlenecks and unreliable highways/major roadways • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider. • To and from NYC: Tunnels and bridges Specific Strategies accessing NYC, Garden State Parkway, Traffic incident management, work zone management, NJ-17 South toward I-80, I-95/New special events management, central reporting, Jersey Turnpike into Newark, I-287 into coordinated responses, ramp control, dynamic junction Edison control, lane control, shoulder use, variable/dynamic • Urban: Locations along NJ-21 south of speed limits, queue warning, real-time information to downtown Newark; Broad St., Newark; travelers NJ-139, Paterson Plank Rd, and NJ-440 Assessment Factors in Jersey City; along NJ-495/NJ-3 in Secaucus, North Bergen, Union City, • What existing operational strategies are in place? Weehawken; along CR-675/Willow • What are primary causes of delay? Avenue in Hoboken • How do the high-crash locations relate to traffic • Suburban: Several locations along I- volumes? 287, I-80 between Parsippany and Benefits Roxbury, NJ-10 in Morris Plains/Hanover/ Parsippany, NJ-208 • Improves reliability (improves incident clearance from Midland Park to Fairlawn, near time) American Dream, NJ-18 in No. • Reduces travel time and congestion delay, Brunswick and East Brunswick optimizing existing capacity • Reduces bus travel times • Reduces vehicle emissions Costs Related Projects Relatively low • NJDOT programs – Traffic operations centers, central dispatch unit, safety Equity Considerations service patrols, variable message signs, real-time information The need for affordable, convenient travel alternatives • TRANSCOM TRANSMIT Responsible Organizations • NJ Turnpike Authority – responsible for NJ Turnpike and Garden State Parkway • NJDOT – responsible for state roads Source: NJDOT Transportation Systems (SM-3) Traveler Information/Trip Planning Management & Operations

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable highways/ major roadways; Locations to Consider transit reliability; opportunities to reduce single- • Systemwide occupant vehicle travel • Particularly prioritize for congested corridors, routes, and for multimodal Specific Strategies travel information Web-based real-time multimodal information, traffic • Targeted applications for special events, camera video, variable message signs, construction road weather management, and work project information zones Assessment Factors Related Projects • What are ways in which travelers access travel • 511NJ.org information pre-trip? While en-route? • I-78, Route 22 to Drift Road/Dale Road • What private sector and other opportunities are ITS: dynamic message signs, camera there? surveillance systems, travel time Benefits sensors, and traffic signal systems (in • Reduces travel time and congestion delay, TIP) optimizing existing capacity • Route 46, I-287 to CR 644 ITS: dynamic • Encourages multimodal options message signs, camera surveillance • Reduces vehicle emissions systems, travel time sensors, and traffic signal systems (in TIP) Costs Relatively low

Equity Considerations Responsible Organizations Information should be accessible to limited English • NJ Turnpike Authority – responsible for NJ proficiency populations and populations without access to Turnpike and Garden State Parkway web/mobile technology • NJDOT – responsible for state roads Transportation Systems Parking/Lane/Curb Management (SM-4) Management & Operations Needs Addressed Locations to Consider Opportunities for micro-mobility options • Within urban and suburban activity Specific Strategies center areas, including Newark, Jersey New parking management approaches, including City, and Hoboken dynamic parking pricing; designation of short-term and off-street passenger and freight loading zones; bicycle Related Projects and scooter parking facilities; charging stations; mobility hubs that co-locate bus stops, ridehailing locations, and • Jersey City parking study package delivery zones; flex lanes for parklets, bike • New York City, PARK Smart, on-street corrals, in-street dining, markets, and special events. parking pricing strategy, and Off-Hours Assessment Factors Delivery pilot • Physical dimensions of travel lanes, cartway, on-street parking, and right-of-way • Location of driveways / curb cuts • Location of parking signs / regulations, including Equity Considerations loading zones Affordable modes of transportation (e.g., • Current on-street parking and loading zone usage buses, bicycles) often compete for street • Location of multi-modal facilities, including bus stops space with on-street parking. Consider the and bicycle lanes needs of these users. • Location of stormwater management infrastructure, including manholes and drains / grates, and fire hydrants • Adjacent and nearby land uses Responsible Organizations • NJDOT – for streets under state jurisdiction Benefits • Counties – for streets under county • Improves parking utilization jurisdiction • Improves vehicular traffic flow and less congestion • Municipalities – program management, • Increases utilization of multi-modal options including inventory and mapping, et al. micromobility • Increases efficiency of freight deliveries • Improves multi-modal safety.

Costs Relatively low Road Geometry (RC-1) Roadway Capacity/Resiliency

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable highways/ major roadways Locations to Consider Specific Strategies • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider. Bottleneck removal: lane reconfiguration, clearance Related Projects widening, interchange modifications, intersection improvements / turning lanes, roundabouts, other • Roundabout at intersection of CR 31 & geometric elements. CR 639 in Ocean County (planned)

Assessment Factors • What is the extent of current congestion and the potential for reducing the congestion? • What are the peak period traffic volumes, i.e., Equity Considerations how many travelers are affected by current delays Wide roadways create longer pedestrian crossing and could benefit from improvements? times, especially for people with lower mobility. • What is the availability of alternative travel routes? Responsible Organizations • New Jersey Turnpike Authority – responsible Benefits for NJ Turnpike and Garden State Parkway • NJDOT – responsible for state roadway • Improves vehicular traffic flow and less construction, maintenance, and operations congestion • Reduces bus travel times • Counties and municipalities – responsible for • Potential for increased utilization of multi- roads under their jurisdiction modal options including micromobility • Improves multi-modal safety • Reduces vehicle emissions

Costs Medium Source: Google Streetview

Managed Lanes (RC-2) Roadway Capacity/Resiliency

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable highways/ major roadways Locations to Consider Specific Strategies • Roadways with congestion, poor High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, high-occupancy toll reliability, and high transit frequency • See CMP Analysis for areas to consider (HOT) lanes, reversible / adjustable lanes • Examples for consideration include: Assessment Factors Tunnels and bridges accessing NYC, • What are the current congestion levels, and what is the Garden State Parkway, NJ-17 South potential for reducing congestion? toward I-80, I-95/New Jersey Turnpike • What are the current peak hour traffic volumes; how into Newark, I-287 into Edison many vehicles would benefit from improvements? • What are the physical requirements of the lane, Related Projects relative to existing travel lanes and available right-of- • Lincoln Tunnel reversible lanes way? • NJ Turnpike HOV lane between Exits Benefits 11 and 14 • Enhances reliability • I-80 between Exits 34 and 43 • Improves vehicular traffic flow and less (discontinued) congestion • I-287 between I-78 and I-80 • Reduces bus travel times (discontinued) • Encourages alternatives to single-occupant vehicles • May reduce vehicle emissions Responsible Organizations Costs • NJ Turnpike Authority – responsible for NJ Potentially high, may consider public-private Turnpike and Garden State Parkway partnership opportunities • NJDOT – responsible for state roads • Private sector – may play role in Equity Considerations developing managed lanes Consider benefits for transit vehicles to provide more reliable, efficient transit service. Consider implications of tolling/pricing on low-income and disadvantaged population groups. New Road Capacity (RC-3) Roadway Capacity/Resiliency

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable highways/ major roadways Locations to Consider • Last resort – to consider only if travel Specific Strategies demand management, alternate mode, operations, or geometric improvement New roadway connections, add lanes, widen lanes solutions are insufficient; consider managed lane capacity before general Assessment Factors capacity • What is the extent of current congestion and the • May be needed for areas with potential for reducing the congestion? significant bottlenecks, or anticipated • What are the peak period traffic volumes, i.e., how growth and development needs that many travelers are affected by current delays and could cannot be accommodated by other benefit from improvements? strategies • What is the availability of alternative travel routes and • Must include complementary travel modes? operations and demand management strategies Related Projects Benefits • NJ Turnpike and Garden State Parkway • Improves vehicular traffic flow and less congestion widening, various projects • May reduce vehicle emissions • US 206 – new road in Somerset County • US 1 widening in Middlesex County Costs • NJ 31 widening in Hunterdon County Potentially high (in TIP)

Responsible Organizations Equity Considerations • New Jersey Turnpike Authority – responsible for NJ Turnpike and Garden State Parkway Consider the full range of air quality, noise, traffic, and safety • NJDOT – responsible for state roadway impacts roadway expansion can have on surrounding construction, maintenance, and operations community, especially environmental justice communities. • Counties and municipalities – responsible for roads under their jurisdiction Source: Google Streetview

Expand Bridge, New Bridge (RC-4) Roadway Capacity/Resiliency

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable highways/ major roadways Locations to Consider Specific Strategies • Last resort – to consider only if Widen bridge, build replacement bridge, add new span operations or geometric improvement solutions are insufficient; consider managed lane capacity before general Assessment Factors capacity • May be needed for areas with • What is the extent of current congestion and the significant bottlenecks, or anticipated potential for reducing the congestion? growth and development needs that • What are the peak period traffic volumes, i.e., how many travelers are affected by current delays and could cannot be accommodated by other benefit from improvements? strategies • What is the availability of alternative travel routes and • Must include complementary travel modes? operations and demand management strategies Benefits • Improves vehicular traffic flow and less Related Projects congestion • Route 3 Passaic River Bridge • May reduce vehicle emissions • Route 52 Causeway Bridge • Costs Pulaski Skyway • Wittpenn Bridge Potentially high

Equity Considerations Build bridges with pedestrians, cyclists, and transit users in mind; consider ways bridges can enhance connectivity among environmental justice communities

Responsible Organizations • NJ Turnpike Authority – responsible for NJ Turnpike and Garden State Parkway • NJDOT – responsible for bridge construction, maintenance, and operations • Counties and municipalities – responsible for bridges under their jurisdiction Road and Bridge Preservation/Resilience (RC-5) Road Capacity/Resiliency

Needs Addressed Disruptions to service due to infrastructure conditions, impacts of extreme weather events; rehabilitation and maintenance needs Locations to Consider • Roads, bridges, and other facilities in Specific Strategies areas vulnerable to extreme weather New bridges with higher vertical profiles and improved design impacts (to prevent scour), raised roadway profiles, sheet piling, • Identified needs based on pavement increased pavement overlay thickness, maintenance activity and bridge management systems; asset such as culvert clearing management plan Assessment Factors Related Projects • What are the threats due to inland flooding, sea level rise / storm surge, and temperature extremes? • NJDOT Transportation Asset • What facilities may be vulnerable: roads, bridges, signals, Management Plan (TAMP) other? • NJ 72 bridge over Manahawkin Bay • What is the current condition of facilities, and what is • Route 7 drainage improvements, their vulnerability? • What are the current and projected traffic volumes? Kearny (in TIP) • What is the availability of alternative emergency travel routes? Responsible Organizations Benefits • NJDOT – responsible for state roads and • Improved reliability / fewer delays due to road closures bridges and related impacts • Port Authority of New York and New • Reduced road and bridge deterioration Jersey – responsible for six crossings • Counties and municipalities – Costs responsible for roads and bridges under High but necessary, and important for overall their jurisdiction preservation of the system

Equity Considerations Consider full community resiliency, such as the travel needs of transit dependent, Title VI, and environmental justice populations, when selecting roads for resiliency improvements Source: MKSK

Reduce or Remove Highway Capacity/Barriers (RC-6) Road Capacity/Resiliency

Needs Addressed Roadway reliability and safety issues, lack of safe and comfortable pedestrian and bicycle Locations to Consider connections, opportunities to reduce single-occupant • Highways running through urban vehicle travel through transit-oriented development and centers and neighborhoods other strategies

Specific Strategies Related Projects Remove highway, convert highway to urban boulevard, tunnel • the highway, cap the highway, reduce number of lanes West Side Highway, New York City • Sheridan Expressway, New York Assessment Factors • Inner Loop, Rochester, NY • • To what extent is the highway creating barriers to local Robert Moses Parkway, Niagara Falls, accessibility and connectivity? NY • What are the peak period traffic volumes, and how could • Route 29, Trenton (proposed) the volumes be redistributed? • What are the multi-modal circulation opportunities? • What are the redevelopment opportunities? • How would removal of the highway compare to rehabilitating it in terms of costs and benefits? Equity Considerations • How can past adverse impacts to disadvantaged Reducing or removing highway capacity and communities be addressed? enhancing connectivity has the potential to restore communities (often environmental justice Benefits communities) disrupted by the original highway construction and on-going effects • New walkable urban space • Improved street and multi-modal connectivity • Increased community development and redevelopment opportunities Responsible Organizations • Reduced environmental and public health impacts. • NJDOT – responsible for state roadway construction, maintenance, and operations Costs • Counties and municipalities – responsible for local street network, land use planning, High and redevelopment Source: Google Streetview

First-Mile/Last-Mile Truck Access (FR-1) Freight

Needs Addressed Trucks may not have efficient access between employment centers and main roads, truck traffic Locations to Consider may have negative impact on local roads • Close to I-95 in rural Middlesex County • North of I-195 in Monmouth County Specific Strategies • Sussex County Planning and zoning regarding location of centers • Between I-80 and I-78 in Warren County relative to main roads, traffic impact analysis, • South of I-78 in Hunterdon County designated truck routes, physical improvements to truck routes, address geometric deficiencies, e.g., Related Projects tight turns, low clearances. • Industrial Highway improvements, Carteret • Union County Truck Mobility Study Assessment Factors • Secaucus Road Preservation Project, • What are the local land use patterns relative to Secaucus the current / potential location of warehouses • Edgeboro Road Improvements, East and distribution centers? Brunswick • What is the estimated size of the employment center, number of employees, number of truck trips? • What are the truck travel patterns relative to the Equity Considerations local roadway network, and what are the impacts to local roads, other transportation Consider noise and air quality impacts of system users, and surrounding land uses? congested freight on surrounding communities, • What are the physical / geometric constraints of particularly environmental justice communities; the local roadway network? consider workforce development opportunities.

Benefits Responsible Organizations • NJDOT – for state roads • Reduced truck travel time between centers • Counties/municipalities – for roads under and main roads while also mitigating increases their jurisdiction in congestion, impacts on local roads, and • Municipalities – for land use planning and adjacent land uses development approval decisions Costs Varies but generally low to medium Rail Freight (FR-2) Freight

Needs Addressed Rail capacity needs, congested and unreliable freight corridors Locations to Consider • Priority areas from New Jersey Freight Specific Strategies Rail Strategic Plan. Examples include: Improve system connections, address weight / clearance • HX Corridor issues, improve track and bridge conditions, upgrade / add • Raritan Valley Corridor sidings, provide grade crossing / safety improvements • Amboy Corridor • Coast Line Corridor • Morris/Warren Corridor Assessment Factors • Black River & Western Corridor • What is the current condition of facilities, what is the • Northeast Corridor extent of physical restrictions? • What are current and potential rail freight volumes? Related Projects • Who are the current customers, and what are the • NJTPA Rail Freight Capacity and Needs economic / business development opportunities? Assessment to the Year 2040 • What are potential issues associated with access to rail • yards and localized traffic congestion? NJTPA Freight Rail Industrial Opportunities Corridors program • Morris / Warren County Rail Corridor Benefits Study • Improve rail operating speeds and service reliability • Improved rail freight service to Port • Reduce traffic congestion by increasing goods movement by rail Newark and Port Elizabeth • Reduce roadway noise and emissions from trucks in • Rehabilitation of Kenvil Team Track in communities Morris County

Costs Varies medium to high Responsible Organizations • Private operators – responsible for rail infrastructure and operations Equity Considerations • Counties – some counties (e.g., Consider grade crossing delays, safety, air quality, and noise Morris) may own lines impacts on surrounding community; consider workforce • NJDOT – provides funding for selected development opportunities, particularly in underrepresented strategic improvements communities. Source: Google Streetview

Freight Operations / Off-Hours Delivery (FR-3) Freight

Needs Addressed Congested freight corridors, bottlenecks and unreliable highways/ major roadways Locations to Consider • Within urban areas Specific Strategies Attended deliveries (received by business staff), Related Projects unattended deliveries, freight lockers, urban distribution • New York City, Off-Hours Delivery pilot Assessment Factors program • What is the extent of current truck traffic and its impact? • What is the current availability and use of on-street loading zones? • How many potential receiving businesses (retail, food stores, restaurants) are there, and how many shippers / carriers are involved? • How many deliveries potentially could be shifted? • What is the potential for unattended deliveries?

Benefits • Reduces delivery times • Reduces on-street congestion in immediate area of business and surrounding roadway network • Improves multi-modal safety • Reduces emissions Costs Low, policy-based Equity Considerations Consider impacts of congested freight on surrounding communities, particularly communities with poor air quality. Collaborate with communities, educational organizations, agencies, and private sector companies to market, recruit, and retain workers from under-represented demographics and communities. Responsible Organizations • Private businesses – willing to accept off-hour deliveries • Suppliers / trucking companies – willing to make off-hour deliveries • Public agencies – coordinate with businesses and suppliers, provide information and education, possibly provide financial incentives Safety Countermeasures Direct Safety

Needs Addressed Bottlenecks and unreliable highways/ major roadways, Locations to Consider roadway reliability issues, pedestrian safety issues, • Areas with identified high numbers of bicycle safety issues, roadway safety crashes. • Examples include: Specific Strategies • Hudson County – JFK Boulevard • Monmouth County – Memorial Drive For roadway departures, design improvements at • Morristown - Intersection of Morris curves; for intersections, turning lanes at stop-controlled Street and Ridgedale Avenue intersections; for bike-ped, medians and refuge islands; • Newark - Bergen Street enforcement; and education. • Toms River - Intersection of Hooper Ave. and Church Road/Kettle Creek Assessment Factors Road • What are the most frequent crash factors? • Paterson - Lakeview Avenue • What factors involve roadway design and what factors • Franklin (Somerset Co.) - Hamilton involve driver/bicyclist/pedestrian behavior? Street

Benefits Related Projects • Improved safety – reduced crashes, fatalities, • NJDOT Highway Safety Improvement injuries, and property damage Program • Improves reliability • NJTPA Local Safety and High Risk Rural • Enhances the usability of public transit Roads Program • Increases the viability of walking, bicycling, and • NJ TRANSIT Safety Education Program other micromobility options

Costs Responsible Organizations Generally low • NJDOT – responsible for state roadways • NJ TRANSIT – responsible for rail stations, bus operations Equity Considerations • Counties – responsible for county roadways Consider disproportionate number of crashes in • Municipalities – responsible for municipal environmental justice communities and the need to roadways equitably implement safety countermeasures