TOE BUCK PRINCE LIMESTONE of SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA By

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TOE BUCK PRINCE LIMESTONE of SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA By The Black Prince Limestone of southeastern Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Nations, Jack Dale Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 01:00:12 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551504 TOE BUCK PRINCE LIMESTONE OF SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA by Jack Dale Nations A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT, OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1961 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests of permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instan­ ces, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED i. APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown belows S/, /? £ / /D a te Professor of Geology Acknowledgements This thesis has been planned and prepared under the direc­ tion of Dr. V. D. Pye and Dr. H. W. Hiller. I wish to express my appreciation for their cooperation and guidance. I-iy appreciation is also extended to other members of the faculty and to those graduate students who have offered helpful criticism and suggestions. i CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Location General Stratigraphy General Structure ESCABROSA LIMESTONE BUCK PRINCE LIMESTONE Introduction Distribution Lithology 00 00 CO Ox Vx V) V) Thickness 12 Contact Relationships Escabrosa-Blaek Prince Contact 13 Black Prince-Horquilla Contact 16 Paleontology Introduction 17 Pre-Black Prince Fossils 19 Black Prince Fossils 19 Post-Black Prince Fossils 22 Age and Correlation zk CONCLUSIONS 26 APPENDIX A Paleontological Descriptions 28 APPENDIX B Descriptions of Measured Sections hi REFERENCES *5 FIGURES 1. Index map showing location of areas studied 2 2. Map showing location of Black Prince Limestone outcrops and access roads 7 3. Correlation diagram of generalized cross sections of the Black Prince Limestone lh h. Diagram showing age relationships of the Black Prince Limestone to the Horquilla and Escabrosa Limestones 27 PLATES I. Thin sections of corals &7 II. Thin sections of corals &9 III. Thin sections of corals and foraminifera 51 IV. Detailed columnar section of the Black Prince Limestone in the Johnny Lyon H ills in pocket V. Detailed columnar section of the Black Prince Limestone in the Gunnison Hills in pocket i i INTOODUCTION The age of the Black Prince Limestone has been open to question ever since it was first recognized and named by Gilluly, Cooper and Williams in 1954. They first considered it an upper member of the Escabrosa Limestone, but it was later mapped as a separate formation because fossils collected from it proved to be of upper Mississippian or lower Pennsylvanian age, and thus intermediate in age between the underlying Escabrosa Limestone and the overlying Horqullla Limestone. The investigations by Gilluly et al (1954) led them to conclude that the Black Prince Limestone was a “lithologic facies that may be of an age equivalent to the part of the Escabrosa Limestone that is present locally and that is thought to be of late Osage or early Meraaec age.” Williams stated that there was some evidence of lower Pennsylvanian age for the Black Prince limestone, but that this evidence was not strong. Armstrong (i 960) studied the specimens of Lfthostrotlonella collected by Cooper (Gilluly et al, 1954), from two feet above the base of the basal shale unit of the Black Prince limestone, and iden­ tified it as Llthogtrotionella ghiw«ri (Crlckmay) of Meramecian age. In his opinion, the Blade Prince limestone is a localized member of the Meramecian part of the Hachita Formation, Escabrosa Group. The objective of the present study has been to determine the geologic age of the formation by a detailed paleontological study. 1 2 Fig# 1 - Map Showing Location of Black Prince Limestone 3 The method used was an intensive field investigation and laboratory study of fossils collected from the Black Prince Limestone and beds immediately above and below it. Location The area of field investigation is approximately 30 m iles northeast of Benson, Arizona. Outcrops of the Black Prince Limestone were studied in the Gunnison H ills, in the L ittle Dragoon Mountains, and in the Johnny Lyon Hills. The exposure of the Black Prince Lime­ stone in the Whetstone Mountains was also examined, but was not studied in detail. The Johnny Lyon Hills section of the Black Prince Limestone is the most fossiliferous and least metamorphosed. General Stratigraphy Praeambriam A 500 foot series of clastic sedimentary rocks, known as the Apache Group, represents the Precambrian section in this area. From oldest to youngest, the group consists of the Scanlan Conglomerate, , Pioneer Shale, Barnes Conglomerate, and the Dripping Springs Quartzite. Cambrian system: About 700 feet of Cambrian rocks rest uneonformably on the Apache Group. The formations present are the Troy-Bolsa Quart­ zite, Santa Catalina Formation, Cochise Formation, and the Atari go Forma­ tion. They range from middle to upper Cambrian in age, and consist essentially of interbedded quartzite, sandstone, shale, and limestone beds. Ordivician and Silurian mvatems* Rocks of these two systems have not been reported from the area under investigation. Devonian systemt The Devonian period is represented in this area by the Martin Limestone, which is predominantly limestone with some inter- bedded quartzite and shale. Mlsslssinnian system: The Mississippian rocks in this area have been divided by Gilluly et al (195*0 into the Escabrosa Limestone and the Black Prince Limestone. The Escabrosa limestone consists of limestone and dolomite. It varies in thickness from 600 to 750 feet in the area of the present investigation. The Black Prince Limestone consists of 15 to 27 feet of maroon shale and conglomerate at the base, overlain by ifco to l6o feet of limestone. Pennsylvanian system* The Horquilla Limestone lies conformably on the Black Prince Limestone, and reaches a thickness of approximately l600 feet in the area. It consists essentially of thin-bedded, medium- gray limestone, although some beds may reach thicknesses of 6 to 8 fe e t. The upper half of the formation is characterized by occasional beds of reddish shale or shaly limestone interbedded with the limestone. Most of the limestone is dense and pinkish-gray on fresh fracture but some beds of coarse-grained crinoidal limestone are found in the formation. A detailed description of the lower 60 feet of the formation, its lithology and paleontology, has been included in the sections on con­ tact relationships (p. 16) and paleontology (p. 23). The Earp formation, which is of Pennsylvanian and Permian age overlies the Horquilla Limestone and is about 1100 feet thick. 5 Permian system: Permian rocks above the Earp Formation in the area are,_ the Co Una Limestone, the Epitaph Dolomite, and the 8 ch error Formation. The Epitaph Dolomite is not exposed near the areas of Black Prince out­ crop. It is believed to be present, but covered or faulted out. General Structure The area of study is located in the Basin and Range province of southeastern Arizona. The major structural trend in the area is about 30 degrees vest of north, as is indicated by the alignment of mountain ranges and major faults. The Black Prince Limestone is exposed in three small ranges which are nearly aligned with each other and with the major structural trend of the area. The three ranges appear to be fault block structures, which have been tilted to the east. One exception may be the Little Dragoon section, which is on the eastern flank of a faulted dome. The attitude of the Black Prince Limestone beds is nearly the same in the Johnny Lyon H ills and the L ittle Dragoon Mountains. In addition to the predominant northerly trending structural features, there are numerous small faults crossing the beds normal to their strike. One such fault in the Gunnison Hills has an apparent displacement of about 30 feet. Six minor transverse faults were ob­ served in the Johnny Lyon Hills within a distance of one mile. ESCABROSA LIMESTONE The Escabrosa Limestone generally consists of white to light- gray, coarse, granular limestone or dolomite. Much of the limestone is made up entirely of fragments of crinoid stems. The lover part of the formation consists of massive beds 10 to 20 feet thick, which usually form cliffs and high ridges. These beds are essentially barren of chert. The middle and upper peert of the Escabrosa Limestone is cherty, with bedded chert in the middle and nodular chert toward the top. The upper part of the formation is thi*.bedded, and forms dip slopes. This thin-bedded upper portion has been said to be probably equivalent to the Black Prince Limestone in areas idlere the Black Prince is absent (Gilluly et al, 195* and Armstrong, i 960). In general, the boundary between the Escabrosa Limestone and the overlying Horquilla Limestone is difficult to recognize in areas where the Black Prince Limestone is absent.
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